Introduction to GPS,
Drawing layout and
Dimensional Design
Learning Outcomes
By the end of today sessions you would be able to
Define Engineering drawing and GPS
Orthographic drawing
First and third angle of projection
Different lines in drawing
How to do dimensioning in engineering drawing
Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing is the common language of engineering and describes of
creating drawings for any engineering application.
Engineering drawings, produced according to accepted standards and format,
provide an effective and efficient way to communicate specific information
about design intent.
A successful engineering drawing describes a specific item in a way that viewer of
the drawing understands completely and without misinterpretation.
Engineering Drawing
So the primary means of communication within a production
environment is an engineering drawing
What different requirements might be indicated on a
technical drawing relating to the geometry?
Examples:
Size, distance, radius, angle, form, orientation, location,
run-out, surface roughness, surface waviness, surface
defects, edges
Introduction to The Geometric Product
Specification (GPS)
Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) is the international
symbol language used to express tolerances in technical
drawings. It defines the nominal geometry of the components
that make up the product, and the tolerances that quantify
the allowable deviations from this nominal geometry.
The Designer specifies the limits of imperfection of that
geometry.
These limits are referred to as the tolerance.
Introduction to GPS
What is the correct size for a tolerance?
How big should a tolerance be ?
What limits the size of a tolerance?
As large as possible to enable the part to function
Introduction to GPS
GPS will give answer to the following manufacturing the component parts:
• What is the required method of manufacture?
• Is there any information regarding availability of resources, such as
machines, tooling, personnel, equipment?
• How do we hold the component?
• Is fixturing required?
• Do we use in-line measurement?
• Gauging or measuring instruments?
• What are the best instruments to use?
• Have we considered the influences of measurement uncertainty?
• Will training be required?
Introduction to GPS
Sand Casting Machining
Tolerance 0.03-0.3mm
Tolerance 0.8-3mm
Surface Roughness A
Surface Roughness (A is smooth) C
Isometric Projection
In an isometric projection, the plane is placed in such a way that all the, three
visible sides of the object make same angle with one another.
More details can be found in :
BS EN ISO 6412-2 Technical drawings – Simplified representation of pipelines –
Part 2: Isometric projection
Orthographic Projection
Orthographic Drawing: Orthographic drawings usually consist of
a front view, a side view and a plan, but more views may be
shown for complex objects with lots of detail.
Orthographic drawing may be done using first angle projection
or third angle projection.
First angle and third angle of projection
Drawings are normally presented in either of the following forms:
Both first and third angle views show the same information
First angle of projection
The view from above (b) shall be placed underneath.
The view from below (e) shall be placed above.
The view from the left (c) shall be placed on the right.
The view from the right (d) shall be placed on the left.
The view from the rear (f) shall be placed on the left or right, as convenient.
Third angle of projection
The view from above (b) shall be placed above.
The view from below (e) shall be placed underneath.
The view from the left (c) shall be placed on the left.
The view from the right (d) shall be placed on the right.
The view from the rear (f) shall be placed on the left or right, as convenient.
First Angle of Projection
First angle projection is one of the methods used for orthographic projection
drawings. In this projection method, the object is placed in the first quadrant
and is positioned in front of the vertical plane and above the horizontal
plane.
Right side view Front view
Top view
Third Angle Projection
In third angle projection, the 3D object to be projected is placed in the third
quadrant and is positioned behind the vertical plane and below the horizontal
plane.
Top view
Front view Right side
view
First and Third angle of Projection
Looking at the top and right view in first and third angle of projection for an
objective
Second First
Third Fourth
Can You Draw first angle and third angle
of projection for the following drawing?
First angle of projection Third angle of projection
Can You Draw first angle and third angle
of projection for the following drawing?
First angle of projection Third angle of projection
Line types British standards
Line types British standards
Representing dimensions on engineering
drawings:
Representing dimensions on engineering drawings:
(trailing zeros shall added where necessary, to ensure that the dimension and
tolerance have the same number of decimal places, e.g.: .500±.005.)
Title block
Dimensioning
Datum
A datum is theoretical exact plane, axis or point location
that GD&T or dimensional tolerances are referenced to.
You can think of them as an anchor for the entire part;
where the other features are referenced from. A datum
feature is usually an important functional feature that
needs to be controlled during measurement as well.
Datum is used to constraints the orientation or/ and
location
Datum Symbols
Datum surface definition
Datum
A Datum reference system comprises of three main elements:
Primary Datum
Primary Datum is defined by a minimum of 3 point contact on a
surface or defined by the generation of an 3D Axis through a
minimum of 2 features.
Secondary Datum
Secondary Datum is defined from a minimum of 2 points relative to
the Primary datum
Tertiary Datum
Tertiary Datum defined by a minimum of one point in relation to
the Primary and secondary datum
What is the position of the
centre of the circle based on
datum A and B
Some Symbols in Engineering drawing
Some Symbols in Engineering drawing
What is the dimension represent by Y?
Y
What is the dimension represent by Y?
Y
What are the coordinates (location) of
hole centre H based on datum B and C?
H
Match the following
Match the following
Dimension lines [Link] thick lines
Surface treatment [Link] thin lines
Match the following
Hidden outline iii. Dashed thick lines
Outlines iv. Dashed thin lines