Blue Economy: Idea, Concept, Framework, Practice
& New Frontiers of Ocean Economics
Most Dominant Maritime Theme Today
BITS Pilani
K K Birla Goa Campus
Prof. R P Pradhan, rppradhan@[Link]
Maritime Maritime
Infrastructure
Security Why Blue
Economy & Not
Green OR Any
Maritime & other Colour ?
Governance Blue Economy
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Last Chapter
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BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
Sea View of the World
Human beings occupy only 14.5%
of the total surface of the planet
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Maritime Sector is
the largest Strategic Story Today
Also a Zone of Opportunity
SAGAR?
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[Link]
make-the-world-more-sustainable-205f7435b9b6
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Maritime Trade Routes,
Commodities & Changing
Practices & Values
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Monetizing Value & Colouring the Economy?
✓ Ocean Economy estimated annual turnover is between
US$3 & 6 trillion.
?
✓ This includes employment, ecosystem services provided
by the ocean, and cultural services.
✓ It is also estimated that fisheries & aquaculture
contribute $US100 billion per year & about 260 million
jobs to the global economy.
The Blue Economy is estimated to be worth more than
US$1.5 trillion per year globally. It provides over 30 million
jobs and supplies a vital source of protein to over three
billion people
Our oceans are worth at least $24 trillion, according to a
new WWF Report Reviving the Ocean Economy
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
ZERI to Net Zero & Blue Economy
✓ ZERI: Gunter Pauli is the founder of Zero Emissions
Research and Initiatives (ZERI), an organization that aims to What is net zero?
find sustainable social solutions:
✓ ZERI: Pauli founded ZERI in 1994 at the UN University, Japan
(UNU) with support from the Japanese government. ✓ Net zero is an ideal state where the
amount of greenhouse gases released
✓ ZERI's vision - improve sustainable social solutions by working into the Earth’s atmosphere is equal
with a variety of groups, corporations & isolated communities.
ZERI has a global network of 34 project offices around the world. to the amount removed.
Gunter Pauli is an economist, entrepreneur, & author who created ✓ Emission removal and reduction
the Blue Economy model. He was born in Antwerp, Belgium in
March 1956 and has founded ten companies. He is known as the through decarbonization efforts are
"father of the Blue Economy". needed to reach net zero.
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Several New Concepts & Case Studies Some Interesting Examples of ZERI's work
1. El Hierro Island, Canary Islands, Spain: The island of El
Blue Finance Hierro was inaugurated as a self-sufficient island in terms
of energy and water.
Blue Capital
Blue Growth ? 2. Novamont Integrated Biorefinery in Terni, Italy: The
biorefinery of Novamont was inaugurated in 2011. This
Blue Justice biorefinery produces Mater-Bi®- a family of biodegradable
and compostable bioplastics made from starch. It has a
Blue growth: is a long-term strategy to promote production capacity of 120,000 tons per year for
sustainable growth in the maritime and marine compounding and 60,000 tons for polyesters.
sectors. The term was first used at the UN's Rio+20
meeting in 2012 as a parallel to the green economy
3. Mangroves: The regeneration of mangroves with shrimp
for the oceans.
farming and the farming of sea rice was introduced.
Blue Capital: A venture capital firm that invests in 4. La Mi¤oca: The ZERI model farm in Colombia generates
advanced energy technologies, such as fusion and five products based on the ecosystem, including coffee,
organic solar. They believe in the power of ancient herbal & caffeine free teas, mushrooms, dehydrated
systems to revolutionize the world bananas, and bamboo products.
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Blue Economy Idea
The idea for the Blue Economy originated from the work
of Belgian economist Gunter Pauli & the Rio+20 UN
Conference on Sustainable Development in 2012
✓ In 1994, Gunter Pauli coined the term "Blue Economy" in
response to a request from the United Nations.
✓ In 2010, he published the book The Blue Economy: 10 Years, 100
Innovations, 100 Million Jobs, which proposed an economic
model for the sustainable use of marine resources
The idea of the “Blue Economy” was conceived at the Rio+20 UN Conference on
Sustainable Development, Rio de Janeiro in June 2012
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ASEAN Definition
Idea & Working Definition ASEAN defines the Blue Economy is an integrated, holistic,
The blue economy is an economic framework that aims to
cross-sectoral, & cross-stakeholder approach that creates
sustainably use and conserve oceans, seas, and coastal areas
value-added & value-chain of resources from oceans, seas,
to drive economic growth and resource production. It's based
and fresh water in inclusive & sustainable way, making the
on the idea that healthy ocean and freshwater ecosystems are
blue economy the new engine for ASEAN's future economic
a pathway to economic prosperity for coastal countries,
growth.
islands, and land-locked countries.
India’s Definition
World Bank Definition India's blue economy is the sustainable use of the
The World Bank defines the blue economy as the sustainable ocean's resources for economic growth while
use of ocean resources to benefit economies, livelihoods,
preserving the health of the ocean ecosystem
and ocean ecosystem health.
The World Bank's PROBLUE program European Commission definition
supports the blue economy by focusing on four key themes:
All economic activities related to oceans, seas & coasts
✓ Fisheries & Aquaculture
✓ Marine pollution
The blue economy is estimated to be worth more than
✓ Oceanic sectors,
✓ Integrated seascape management. US$1.5 trillion per year globally
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key aspects of the blue economy:
Why The blue economy is important 1. Sustainable use: The blue economy promotes sustainable use
of marine & freshwater resources, including sustainable
1. Around 90% of internationally traded goods fishing & ocean health.
are transported by sea.
2. Social inclusion: The blue economy aims to promote social
2. The annual market value of marine and inclusion and improve livelihoods.
coastal industries & resources is estimated
to be US$ 3 trillion. 3. Environmental sustainability: The blue economy aims to
ensure the environmental sustainability of oceans and coastal
3. Fish is a crucial source of animal protein for areas.
the world's population.
4. Global cooperation: The blue economy requires global
4. India’s G20 Presidency added the blue cooperation across borders and sectors.
economy as a priority agenda point in the
G20's Environment & Climate Sustainability 5. Resource endowments: Development potential of blue
Working Group in 2023. economy depends on the resource endowments a country
has & internal and cross-agent correlations.
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The blue economy includes a wide range of economic activities
✓ Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced the
➢ Maritime shipping launch of the Blue Economy 2.0 program in the interim
➢ Fishing and aquaculture budget for FY 2024-2025.
➢ Coastal tourism
➢ Renewable energy ✓ This initiative aims to harness the economic potential of
oceans, sea, and coastal areas while emphasizing restoration
➢ Water desalination
& adaptation measures in the same.
➢ Undersea cabling
➢ Marine genetic resources ✓ Aimed at promoting climate-resilient activities and
➢ Biotechnology etc. sustainable development in coastal areas.
YouTube Tedxtalk on Blue Economy by Dr. Vijay Sakhuja [Link]
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India’s Blue Economy Policy & Action Plans
➢ India's Blue Economy policy aims to protect & Some of the key aspects of India's Blue Economy
conserve ocean resources for sustainable
development. policy include:
1. Optimizing Maritime Resources
➢ The policy is led by the Ministry of Earth
✓ The policy aims to make the best use of all maritime resources,
Sciences (MoES) and is a key priority for the
including living & non-living resources, ocean energy, &
country. tourism.
➢ Our blue economy encompasses a wide range 2. Prioritizing Safety & Welfare
of sectors, including shipping, tourism,
fisheries, and offshore oil and gas exploration. ✓ The policy aims to ensure the safety, welfare, and livelihood of
fishermen in coastal areas.
➢ This is reflected in the Sustainable
Development Goal (SDG 14), which calls to 3. Promoting innovation
conserve & sustainably use the oceans, seas &
marine resources for sustainable ✓ The policy aims to promote innovation, including zero waste
development. and low carbon technologies
Policy is in Draft Stage BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
4. Deep Ocean Mission The Blue Economy is a core dimension
of India's vision for the next decade,
The government approved the Deep Ocean Mission in
June 2021 to explore marine resources and develop and is expected to trigger faster
technology for sustainable use of deep-sea resources. economic growth
5. Clean Seas Programme ✓ In India, the sector is the 6th measurement
The MoES joined the United Nations' Clean Seas
of the government's 'Vision of New India by
Programme to develop strategies to reduce marine 2030’.
litter and plastic in the oceans.
✓ Blue Economy policies aiming for long-term
6. International engagement economic advantages in order to achieve
the greater goals of growth, job creation,
The policy aims to ensure balanced international
engagement equity, & environmental protection.
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Blue Economy- Idea to Action
❖ It’s a huge Promise ---------
❖ Of Productivity, of Jobs & of
Economic Growth et al -----
❖ Oceans & Marine Resources
are the Platform to host this
ambition.
❖ Critical Variable: it proposes
environmental health &
sustainability too------
Gunter Pauli is called the Steve Blue Economy: A Futuristic
Jobs & Che Guevara of Sustainable & Environment
Friendly Development &
sustainability. Growth Model
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Goa Maritime Dialogue Sessions
08thJune2016 - [Link]
04thAugust2016- [Link]
23rdFebruary2017- [Link]
31stMarch2017- [Link]
12thSep2017- [Link]
Thank You
R P Pradhan
BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus
rppradhan@[Link]
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus