gva¨wgK c`v_©weÁvb GKv`k Aa¨vq: Pj Zwor

c`v_©weÁv‡bi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cÖkœ I DËi †kl cÖv‡šÍi mv‡_ wØZxqwUi ïiæi cÖvšÍ, wØZxqwUi †kl cÖv‡šÍi mv‡_
Z…ZxqwUi ïiæi cÖvšÍ Ges Gfv‡e evwK me¸‡jv cici mvRv‡bv _v‡K
Zv‡K Abyµg ms‡hvM e‡j|
9g-10g †kÖwY
14| mgvšÍivj ms‡hvM
m„Rbkxj †h eZ©bx‡Z Zwor DcKiY¸‡jv Ggbfv‡e mvRv‡bv _v‡K †h cÖ‡Z¨KwUi
GKv`k Aa¨vq GK cÖvšÍ¸‡jv GKwU mvaviY we›`y‡Z Ges Aci cÖvšÍ¸‡jv Ab¨ GKwU
Pj Zwor mvaviY we›`y‡Z mshy³ _v‡K Zv‡K mgvšÍivj ms‡hvM e‡j|
15| Zzj¨‡iva : †iv‡ai †Kv‡bv mwbœ‡e‡ki cwie‡Z© †h GKwU gvÎ †iva
Ávbg~jK : e¨envi Ki‡j eZ©bxi cÖevngvÎv I wefe cv_‡K©¨i †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq
1| PjZwor bv| Zv‡K H mwbœ‡e‡ki Zzj¨ †iva e‡j|
MwZkxj Avav‡bi cÖfve I wµqv‡K Pj Zwor e‡j| 16| wK‡jvIqvU NÈv
2| Zwor cÖevn GK wK‡jvIqvU ÿgZv wewkó †Kv‡bv Zwor hš¿ GK NÈv a‡i KvR
†Kv‡bv cwievnxi †h‡Kv‡bv cÖ¯‡’ ”Q‡`i ga¨ w`‡q GKK mg‡q †h cwigvY Ki‡j ‡h cwigvY Zworkw³‡K Ab¨ kw³‡Z iæcvšÍi K‡i ev e¨q K‡i
Avavb cÖevwnZ nq Zv‡K Zwor cÖevn e‡j| Zv‡K GK wK‡jvIqvU NÈv e‡j|
3| A¨vw¤úqvi 17| Zwo‡Zi wm‡÷g jm
Zwor cÖev‡ni GKK n‡jv A¨vw¤úqvi (A)| †Kv‡bv cwievnxi †h‡Kv‡bv we`y¨r mÂvj‡bi Rb¨ †h mKj cwievnx Zvi e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡`i
cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i ga¨ w`‡q 1s G 1C Avavb cÖevwnZ n‡j Zv‡K 1A e‡j| GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY †iva _v‡K| d‡j GB †iva‡K AwZµ‡gi Rb¨
4| ZworPvjK kw³ Zwor kw³i GKwU Ask Zv‡c iæcvšÍwiZ nq| A_©¨vr kw³i jm ev ÿq
†Kv‡bv Zwor Drm GKK abvZ¥K Avavb‡K eZ©bxi GK we›`y †_‡K nq| GB jmB n‡jv Zwo‡Zi wm‡÷g jm|
Drmmn m¤ú~Y© eZ©bx Nywi‡q Avevi H we›`y‡Z Avb‡Z †h cwigvb KvR 18| †jvW‡kwWs
m¤úbœ K‡i A_©¨vr Zwor Drm †h cwigvb kw³ e¨q ev mieivn K‡i ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó GjvKvi we`y¨‡Zi Pvwn`v Drcv`b ev mieiv‡ni Zzjbvq
Zv‡K H Dr†mi Zwo”PvjK kw³ e‡j| †ewk n‡j ZLb we`y¨r Dc‡K‡›`ªi c‡ÿ Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv m¤¢e n‡q D‡V bv
5| cwievnx G‡Z KZ…c © ÿ weZiY e¨e¯’vi wbw`©ó wKQz GjvKvq wKQz mg‡qi Rb¨
†hmKj c`v‡_©i ga¨ w`‡q Lye mn‡RB Zwor cÖevn Pj‡Z cv‡i we`y¨r weZib eÜ iv‡L G‡K †jvW‡kwWs e‡j|
Zv‡`i‡K cwievnx e‡j|
6| Aa©cwievnx Abyavebg~jK :
wKQz wKQz c`v_© Av‡Q hviv mycwievnx bq Avevi AšÍiKI bq| G‡`i
1| 10A ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
ejv nq Aa©cwievnx| G‡`i cwievnKZ¡ cwievnxi †P‡q Kg wKš‘
10A ej‡Z eywS †Kv‡bv cwievnxi †h‡Kv‡bv cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i ga¨ w`‡q 1s G
AšÍi‡Ki †P‡q †ewk|
10C Avavb cÖevwnZ nq|
7| AšÍiK
†hmKj c`v‡_©i ga¨w‡`‡q Zwor cÖevn Pj‡Z cv‡i bv Zv‡`i‡K AšÍiK
2| †Kv‡li ZworPvjK kw³ 1.5V ej‡Z Kx eyS?
e‡j|
8| In‡gi m~Î †Kv‡bv †Kv‡li ZworPvjK kw³ 1.5V ej‡Z eywS Zwor Drm GKK
ZvcgvÎv w¯’i _vK‡j †Kv‡bv cwievnxi ga¨ w`‡q †h Zwor cÖevn P‡j Zv abvZ¥K Avavb‡K eZ©bxi GK we›`y †_‡K Drmmn m¤ú~Y© eZ©bx Nywi‡q
H cwievnxi `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©‡K¨i mgvbycvwZK| Avevi H we›`y‡Z Avb‡Z 1.5J cwigvY KvR m¤úbœ nq Z_v Drm 1.5J
9| ‡iva Zworkw³ e¨q ev mieivn K‡i|
cwievnxi †h a‡g©i Rb¨ Gi ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevn evavMÖ¯’ nq, Zv‡K
†iva e‡j| 3| Zwor cÖev‡ni cÖPwjZ w`K cÖK…Z w`‡Ki wecixZ- e¨vL¨v Ki|
10| Av‡cwÿK †iva
‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq GKK •`N©¨ I GKK cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †ÿÎdj wewkó
†Kv‡bv cwievnxi †iva‡K H ZvcgvÎvq Gi Dcv`v‡bi Av‡cwÿK †iva
e‡j|
11| Af¨šÍixY †iva
†Kv‡li ivmvqwbK Dcv`v‡bi Kvi‡Y Gi wfZi AvcbvAvcwb ev wbR cÖ_g hLb Zwor Avwe®‥…Z nq, ZLb aviYv Kiv n‡Zv †h abvZ¥K
n‡Z †h evavi DrcwË nq Zv‡K Af¨šÍixY †iva e‡j| Avav‡bi cÖev‡ni d‡j Zwor cÖev‡ni m„wó nq Ges GB abvZ¥K Avavb
12| Zwor eZ©bx D”PZi wefe †_‡K wbgœZi wef‡ei w`‡K cÖevwnZ nq| ZvB Zwor
ZworcÖevn Pjvi m¤ú~Y© MwZc_‡K Zwor eZ©bx ev we`y¨reZ©bx e‡j| cÖev‡ni cÖPwjZ w`K aiv nq D”PZi wefe †_‡K wbgœZi wef‡ei w`‡K
13| Abyµg ev †kÖwY ms‡hvM A_©¨vr Zwor †Kv‡li abvZ¥K cvZ †_‡K FYvZ¥K cv‡Zi w`‡K| wKš‘
†h eZ©bx‡Z Zwor DcKiY¸‡jv Ggbfv‡e mshy³ _v‡K †h, cÖ_gwUi Avgiv Rvwb †h, cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Zwor cÖevn n‡jv FYvZ¥K Avavb Z_v

wbg©j Kzgvi m~Îai c„ôv- 1 ‡gvevBj- 01619002297

 gva¨wgK c`v_©weÁvb GKv`k Aa¨vq: Pj Zwor

B‡jKUª‡bi cÖevn| ZvB Zwor cÖev‡ni cÖK…Z w`K n‡jv wbgœZi wefe 8| †iv‡ai m~θ‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki|
†_‡K D”PZi wef‡ei w`‡K A_©¨vr Zwor †Kv‡li FYvZ¥K cvZ †_‡K †iv‡ai m~Î 2wU| •`‡N©¨i m~Î I cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †ÿÎd‡ji m~Î|
abvZ¥K cv‡Zi w`‡K myZivs Zwor cÖev‡ni cÖK„Z w`K cÖPwjZ w`‡Ki  cÖ_g m~Î: (•`‡N©¨i m~Î)-
wecixZ| wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq wbw`©ó Dcv`v‡bi cwievn‡Ki cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †ÿÎdj w¯’i
_vK‡j cwievn‡Ki †iva Gi •`‡N©¨i mgvbycvwZK|
L •`N©¨ wewkó †Kvb wbw`©ó cwievnxi †iva R Ges cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †ÿÎdj
4| cwievnxi `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨ 10V ej‡Z wK eyS?
A n‡j cÖ_g m~Îg‡Z,
†Kv‡bv cwievnxi `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨ 10V ej‡Z †evSvq, cÖwZ
RL ; [hLb ‘A’ aªæe _v‡K ]
GKK abvZ¥K Avavb‡K cwievnxi GK we›`y †_‡K Ab¨ we›`y‡Z ¯’vbvšÍi  wØZxq m~Î: (cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i m~Î)-
Ki‡Z 10J KvR m¤úbœ nq| wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq wbw`©ó Dcv`v‡bi cwievn‡Ki •`N©¨ w¯’i _vK‡j
cwievn‡Ki †iva Gi cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †ÿÎd‡ji e¨¯ÍvbycvwZK|
5| ZvcgvÎv evov‡j cwievnxi †iva †e‡o hvq wKš‘ Aa©cwievnx I A cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †ÿÎdj wewkó †Kvb wbw`©ó cwievnxi †iva R, Ges
AšÍi‡Ki †iva K‡g hvq †Kb? ‣`N©¨ L n‡j wØZxq m~Îg‡Z,
cwievnxi g‡a¨ gy³ B‡jKUªb _v‡K| ZvB ZvcgvÎv evov‡j gy³ 1
R  A ; [hLb ‘L’ aªæe _v‡K ]
B‡jKUª‡bi MwZkw³ e„w× cvq d‡j B‡jKUªbmg~n Nl©‡Y wjß nq| ZLb
Zwor cÖevn evavMÖ¯Í nq| A_©vr ZvcgvÎv evov‡j cwievnxi †iva †e‡o
hvq| Aciw`‡K Aa©cwievnx I AšÍi‡Ki †Kvb gy³ B‡jKUªb _v‡K bv| 9| Zvgvi Av‡cwÿK †iva 1.54  104 m Gi A_© Kx?
ZvB ZvcgvÎv evov‡j Aa©cwievnx I AšÍi‡Ki B‡jKUªb gy³ nq Ges Zvgvi †ivaKZ¡ 1.54  10-4m ej‡Z eywS wbw`©ó ZvcgvÎvq 1m
cwievnKZ¡ e„w× cvq| A_©vr ZvcgvÎv evov‡j Aa©cwievnx I AšÍi‡Ki •`N©¨ I 1m2 cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †ÿÎdj wewkó Zvgvi †iva 1.54  10-4|
†iva K‡g hvq|
10| M„n we`y¨Zvq‡b mgvšÍivj ms‡hvM e¨envi Kiv nq †Kb?
6| IÕ‡gi m~ÎwU e¨vL¨v Ki| mgvšÍivj fv‡e mshy³ Kivi d‡j cÖ‡Z¨K Zwor hš¿ GKB †fv‡ëR
Ën‡gi m~Î : ZvcgvÎv w¯’i _vK‡j †Kv‡bv cwievnxi ga¨ w`‡q †h Zwor mieivn cvq| hš¿¸‡jvi GKwU bó n‡q †M‡jI evwK¸‡jvi wfZi w`‡q
cÖevn P‡j Zv H cwievnxi `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©‡K¨i mgvbycvwZK| Zwor cÖevn P‡j A_©¨vr mPj _v‡K| GQvov cÖ‡Z¨K Zwor h‡š¿i Rb¨
 MvwYwZK e¨vL¨v: Avjv`v myBP e¨envi Kiv hvq| ZvB M„n we`y¨Zvq‡b Avgiv mgvšÍivj
ms‡hvM e¨envi Kwi|

11| †iva I †ivaK‡Z¡i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL|

g‡bKwi, AB GKwU cwievnK| A I B cÖv‡šÍi wefe h_vµ‡g VA I VB | †iva I †ivaK‡Z¡i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wbgœiƒc :-
hw` VA>VB nq Zvn‡j cwievn‡Ki `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨ n‡e V = VA – ‡iva ‡ivaKZ¡
VB Ges A we›`y n‡Z B we›`yi w`‡K Zwor cÖevn Pj‡e| 1| cwievnxi ‡h a‡g©i Rb¨ Gi 1| wbw`©ó ZvcvgvÎvq GKK •`N©¨
GLb w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq cwievn‡Ki wfZi w`‡q ZworcÖevn I n‡j In‡gi wfZi w`‡q Zwor cÖevn evavMÖ¯’ I GKK cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †ÿÎdj
m~Îvbymv‡i, nq Zv‡K †iva e‡j wewkó †Kvb cwievnxi †iva‡K H
I V ZvcgvÎvq Gi Dcv`v‡bi
ev, I = GV ..................(i) ‡ivaKZ¡ e‡j|
GLv‡b ‘G’GKwU mgvbycvwZK aªæeK, hv‡K Zwor cwievwnZv e‡j| 2| GKK-  (Ing) 2| GKK- m
1 3| †iva wbf©i K‡i Dcv`vb, 3| †ivaKZ¡ wbf©i K‡i ZvcgvÎv
‘G’ Gi wecixZ ivwk R = G ,GLv‡b R n‡”Q †iva| ZvcgvÎv, •`N©¨ I cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i I Dcv`v‡bi Dci|
1 †ÿÎd‡ji Dci|
G = Dc‡iv³ (i) bs mgxKi‡Y emv‡j cvB,
R
1 12| 220V-60W Gi A_© Kx?
I = .V
R 220V – 60W ej‡Z †evSvq †Kv‡bv Zwor hš¿‡K 220V wefe
V cv_©‡K¨ mshy³ Ki‡j hš¿wU m‡e©v”P Kg©`ÿZv cÖ`k©b Ki‡e Ges hš¿wU
I =
R cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 60J cwigvY Zwor kw³‡K Ab¨ kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi Ki‡e|

7| †Kvb cwievn‡Ki †iva 10 ej‡Z Kx eyS? 13| 10 Unit ej‡Z wK eyS?
†Kv‡bv cwievnxi `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨ 10V n‡j Zvi ga¨ w`‡q hw` 10 wK‡jvIqvU ÿgZv m¤úbœ †Kv‡bv Zwor hš¿ 1 NÈv a‡i KvR Ki‡j
1A Zwor cÖevwnZ nq Zvn‡j Zvi †iva‡K 10 ejv nq| †h cwigvY Zwor kw³ Ab¨ kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq, Zv‡K 10unit ev
10kwh e‡j|

wbg©j Kzgvi m~Îai c„ôv- 2 ‡gvevBj- 01619002297

 gva¨wgK c`v_©weÁvb GKv`k Aa¨vq: Pj Zwor

14| wm‡÷g jm †iv‡a D”P †fv‡ëR e¨envi Kiv nq †Kb? = 2.55 R=?
we`y¨r mÂvj‡bi Rb¨ †h mKj cwievnx Zvi e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡`i
GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY †iva _v‡K| d‡j GB †iva‡K AwZµ‡gi Rb¨ (N)
Zwor kw³i GKwU Ask Zv‡c iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| A_©¨vr kw³i jm ev ÿq ‡h mKj c`v‡_©i †ivaKZ¡ †ewk Zviv AwaK cwigvY Zworkw³‡K
nq| GB jmB n‡jv Zwo‡Zi wm‡÷g jm| GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY we`y¨r Zvckw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zvgv I bvB‡µvg Gi †ivaKZ¡
kw³i Rb¨ D”P †fv‡ë‡R we`y¨r mÂvj‡bi d‡j Zwor cÖev‡ni gvb Kg h_vµ‡g 1.7  10-8m I 100  10-8m| bvB‡µv†gi †ivaKZ¡
nq| Gi d‡j cwievnx Zv‡ii †iva RwbZ Kvi‡Y Zworkw³ Kg †ewk nIqvi Kvi‡Y GUv †ewk cwigvY Zvc Drcbœ K‡i| GQvov
cwigv‡Y Zvckw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq A_©¨vr †iva RwbZ j‡mi cwigvY bvB‡µv‡gi Mjbv¼I Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e A‡bK †ewk| mvgwMÖK we‡ePbvq
K‡g hvq| ZvB mÂvjb jvB‡b D”P †fvëR Z_v wbgœ Zwor cÖevn bvB‡µv‡gi Zvi •e`y¨wZK wnUv‡i e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Dchy³| ZvB
e¨envi Kiv nq| bvB‡µv‡gi cwie‡Z© Zvgvi Zvi e¨envi †h․w³K bq|

cÖ‡qvRbxq m~Îvejx m„Rbkxj : 02

covi mgq Avjwf 220V-100W Gi GKwU evwZ •`wbK 3 N›Uv K‡i
m~Î cwiwPwZ Ges Ab¨w`‡K Zvi fvB Avwjd 220V-40W GKwU †Uwej j¨v¤ú
V I = Zwor cÖevn •`wbK 4 N›Uv K‡i e¨envi K‡i| cÖwZ BDwbU we`y¨r kw³i g~j¨ 3.5
1. I = R
Q = PvR© ev Avavb UvKv|
E t = mgq M. Avwj‡di evwZi cÖevngvÎv wbY©q Ki|
2. I = R+r
R = †iva N. Avw_©K w`K we‡ePbvq Avjwf I Avwj‡di g‡a¨ †K wgZe¨qx?
3. Rs = R1 + R2 ........ MvwYwZK hyw³mn we‡kølY Ki|
Rs = AbyµwgK mwbœ‡e‡k Zzj¨ †iva
1 1 1
4. = + + ...... Rp = mgvšÍivj mwbœ‡e‡k Zzj¨ †iva
Rp R1 R2
R1 = 1g †iva (M)
V2
5. P = VI = I2R = R R2 = 2q †iva P = VI P = 40W
P = ÿgZv P V=220V
Q I= V
6. I = t E = Zwo”PvjK kw³ I=?
40W
Pt W = kw³ ev KvR = 220V
7. W= 1000 kWh
A= cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i †ÿÎdj
= 0.18A
W L = •`N©¨
8. E = (N)
q
 = Av‡cwÿK †iva Avwj‡di evwZi Rb¨
L
9. R = A G = Zwor cwievwnZv W = Pt P = 40W
 = cwievnKZ¡ = 40W  4h t = 4h
1
10. G = = 160Wh
R
160
1 = 1000 kWh
11.  =
 = 0.16unit
wej = (0.16  3.5)tk [l unit we`y¨r kw³i g~j¨ 3.5 UvKv]
m„Rbkxj : 01 = 0.56tk
GKwU •e`y¨wZK wnUv‡i e¨eüZ bvB‡µvg Zv‡ii •`N©¨ I cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i Avjwfi evwZi Rb¨,
†ÿÎdj h_vµ‡g 30m Ges 2x10-7m2| bvB‡µv‡gi Av‡cwÿK †iva W = Pt P = 100W
100x10-8m| bvB‡µvg ZviwU‡K GKB •`‡N©¨i Ges cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i = 100W  3h t = 3h.
†ÿÎdjwewkó Zvgvi Zvi Øviv cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv| Zvgvi Zv‡ii = 300Wh
Av‡cwÿK †iva 1.7x10-8m| 300
= 1000 kWh
M. Zvgvi Zv‡ii †iva wbY©q Ki|
N. Zvgvi Zvi e¨envi KZUyKy †hŠw³K Zv we‡kølY Ki| = 0.3unit
(M) wej = (0.3  3.5) tk [ l unit we`y¨r kw³i g~j¨ 3.5 UvKv]
ρL L=30m = 1.05tk.
R= A  Avwjd AwaK wgZe¨vqx|
A=2  10-7m2
1.7  10 m  30m
-8
ρ=1.7  10-8m
=
2  10 m-7 2

wbg©j Kzgvi m~Îai c„ôv- 3 ‡gvevBj- 01619002297

 gva¨wgK c`v_©weÁvb GKv`k Aa¨vq: Pj Zwor

m„Rbkxj : 03 hvq| ZvB M„n we`y¨Zvq‡b mgvšÍivj ms‡hvM e¨envi Kiv nq|
wPÎwU †`‡L wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: M„n¯’vwj‡Z e¨envi Dc‡hvMx mwVK eZ©bx-

wP‡Î wZbwU •e`y¨wZK DcKi‡Yi mwbœ‡ek †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q

M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ`Ë eZ©bxwUi †gvU Zwor cÖevn wbY©q Ki| (K1 I K2
ms‡hv‡M _vKv Ae¯’vq)
N. eZ©bxwUi e¨env‡ii Amyweav D‡jøL K‡i M„n¯’vwj‡Z e¨envi Dc‡hvMx
m„Rbkxj : 04
GKwU mwVK eZ©bx A¼b Ki Ges Dnvi myweav m¤ú©‡K †Zvgvi gZvgZ
wPÎwU †`‡L wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:
Dc¯’vcb Ki|
(M)
awi, R1 = 1.5
R2 = 0.5
R3 = 5
R1 I R2 ‡kªYx‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS|
RS = R1 + R2 R1 = 1.5 M. S1I S2 eÜ _vK‡j eZ©bxi †gvU †iv‡ai cwigvY wnmve Ki|
= 1.5 + 0.5 R2 = 0.5 N. S1 eÜ †i‡L S2 †Lvjv I eÜ GB `yB Ae¯’vq cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û e¨wqZ
= 2 Zwor kw³i Zzjbv Ki|
R3 I RS mgvšÍivj eZ©bx‡Z hy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP| (M)
1 1 1 R3 = 5 GLv‡b, R2 I R3 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡eva RP.
= +
RP R3 RS RS = 2 1 1 1 R1 = 12
=
Rp R2 R3 +
1 1 R2 = 6
= +
5 2 1 1 R3 = 12
= +
2+5 6 12
=
10 2+1
=
=
7 12 
10 3
=
10 12 
RP = 7 = 1.428
1
=
4
E E = 18V  RP = 4
I= R
P RP = 1.428 R1 I RP ‡kªYx‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva Rs
18V I=?
= RS = R1 + RP
1.428
= (12 + 4) 
= 12.6A
= 16
(N)
(N)
eZ©bx‡Z evwZ `yBwU †kÖwY‡Z mshy³| evwZ `yBwUi †h‡Kvb GKwU bó n‡q
DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bxi,
†M‡j Ab¨ evwZwUI Zvi Kvh©KvwiZv nvwi‡q †dj‡e| ZvB M„n
S1 eÜ I S2 †Lvjv _vK‡j Kvh©Ki †iva,
we`y¨Zvq‡b mgvšÍivj ms‡hvM e¨envi Kiv nq| mgvšÍivj fv‡e mshy³
Kivi d‡j cÖ‡Z¨K Zwor hš¿ GKB †fv‡ëR mieivn cvq| hš¿¸‡jvi R1 = 12
GKwU bó n‡q †M‡jI evwK¸‡jvi wfZi w`‡q Zwor cÖevn P‡j A_©¨vr R3 = 12
mPj _v‡K| GQvov cÖ‡Z¨K Zwor h‡š¿i Rb¨ Avjv`v myBP e¨envi Kiv RS = R1 + R3 = (12 + 12)

wbg©j Kzgvi m~Îai c„ôv- 4 ‡gvevBj- 01619002297

 gva¨wgK c`v_©weÁvb GKv`k Aa¨vq: Pj Zwor

= 24. (N)
W = Pt RS = 24
V2 V = 12V
=R t
S t= 1s
(12V)2
= . 1s
24
= 6J
Avevi, S1 I S2 eÜ _vK‡j g‡b Kwi, R1 †iv‡ai Rb¨ m„ó Zwor cÖevn I1 Ges R1 I R2 †iv‡ai
W = Pt V = 12V mv‡_ R3 †iva †kªwb‡Z hy³ Kivq Zwor cÖevn I3|
V2 RS = 16 [M n‡Z] cÖkœvbymv‡i,
=R t 1
S t = 1s. R1 = 18
I3 = 2 I1
(12V)2 R2 = 12
=  1s E 1 E R3 = ?
16 ev, = .
R1 + R2 + R3 2 R1
= 9J
1 1 1
 e¨vwqZ kw³i Zzjbv = 6J : 9J ev, = .
18 + 12 + R3 2 18
=2:3
1 1
ev, =
18 + 12 + R3 36
m„Rbkxj : 05
ev, 18 + 12 + R3 = 36
cwievn‡Ki †h a‡g©i Rb¨ Gi ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevn wewNœZ nq Zv‡K
ev, R3 = 36  18  12
†iva e‡j| IÕ †gi m~Î †_‡K †Kv‡bv cwievn‡Ki †iv‡ai msÁv cvIqv
 R3 = 6
hvq| GLb †Kv‡bv Zwor eZ©bx‡Z 12 †iva †kªwY‡Z †hvM Ki‡j
eZ©bxi cÖevn 5t3 Abycv‡Z K‡g hvq|
m„Rbkxj : 06
M. wØZxq †iva †hvM Kivi c~‡e© eZ©bxi †iva KZ wQj?
N. Avi KZ †iva †hvM Ki‡j cÖv_wgK cÖev‡ni A‡a©K cÖevn cvIqv wPÎwU †`‡L wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:
hv‡eÑ we‡kølY Ki|
(M)

M. A I B we›`yi ga¨eZ©x Zzj¨‡iva wbY©q Ki|

N. wnmve K‡i †`LvI †h, Kxfv‡e 3wU 10 †iva e¨envi K‡i 15
g‡b Kwi, R1 †iv‡ai Rb¨ m„ó Zwor cÖevn I1 Ges R1 †iv‡ai mv‡_ R2 Gi Zzj¨‡iva cvIqv hvq| G iKg ms‡hvR‡bi Rb¨ wPÎwU hvPvB Ki|
(M)
†iva †kªwY‡Z hy³ Kivq Zwor cÖevn nq I2
R2 I R3 ‡kªYx‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS|
cÖkœvbymv‡i,
I1 5 RS = R2 + R3 R1 = 10
R2 = 12
I2 = 3 R1 = ?
= 10 + 10 R2 = 10
E = 20 R3 = 10
R1 5 R1 I RS mgvšÍiv‡j hy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP|
ev, E =3 1 1 1 R1 = 10
R1 + R2 =
RP R1 RS +
RS = 20
R1 + 12 5 1 1
ev, R =3 = +
10 20
1

ev, 5R1 = 3R1 + 36 2+1

=
 R1 = 18 20
3
=
20
20
RP = 3 = 6.67

wbg©j Kzgvi m~Îai c„ôv- 5 ‡gvevBj- 01619002297

 gva¨wgK c`v_©weÁvb GKv`k Aa¨vq: Pj Zwor

(N) 10
 RP = |
eZ©bx‡Z 2wU 10 gv‡bi †iva mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ K‡i Av‡iKwU 10 3
gv‡bi †iva †kªwY‡Z hy³ Ki‡j 15 Gi Zzj¨‡iva cvIqv hv‡e| RP I R3 †kªwY‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS|
 GiKg ms‡hvR‡bi Rb¨ wPÎ:-  RS = RP + R3 RP = 3.33
= (3.33 + 15) R3 = 15.
= 18.33.
Zzj¨‡iva = 18.33

(N)
cwieZ©‡bi Av‡M Zzj¨‡iva RS = 18.33
R1 I R2 mgvšÍiv‡j hy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP  Zwor cÖevn,
1 1 1 E
R1 = 10 I=
 = + RS
RP R1 R2 R2 = 10
1 1 6v
= + =
10 10 18.33
2 = 0.327A
= cwieZ©‡bi ci,
10
1 R1 I R2 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP|
= 1 1 1
5
RP = R1 + R2
 RP = 5
1 1
g‡b Kwi, RP I R3 ‡kªYx‡Z hy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS = +
α 10
 RS = RP + R3 RP = 5
1
= 5 + 10 R3 = 10 =0+
10
= 15 1
=
10
m„Rbkxj : 07  RP = 10
wPÎwU †`‡L wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: RP I R3 †kªYx‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS|
RS = RP + R3
= 10 + 0
= 10
 Zwor cÖevn,
E
Iʹ = R
S
6V
M. eZ©bxi Zyj¨‡iva wbY©q Ki| =
10
N. R1I R3 †iva cwieZ©b K‡i h_vµ‡g Amxg I k~b¨ gv‡bi †iva
= 0.6A
e¨envi Ki‡j Zwor cÖev‡ni Kx cwieZ©b n‡e? MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY
cwieZ©b= Iʹ-I = 0.6A-0.327A= 0.2727A
Ki|
(M)
m„Rbkxj : 08
R1 I R2 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP|
wPÎwU †`‡L wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:
1 1 1 R1 = 5
 = +
RP R1 R2 R2 = 10
1 1
= +
5 10
2+1
=
10
3
= .
10 M. eZ©bx‡Z I Gi gvb KZ?

wbg©j Kzgvi m~Îai c„ôv- 6 ‡gvevBj- 01619002297

 gva¨wgK c`v_©weÁvb GKv`k Aa¨vq: Pj Zwor

N. me¸‡jv †iva e¨envi K‡i Kxfv‡e mvRv‡j Zzj¨ †iva 10 n‡e? A_ev,
wPÎ G‡K †`LvI|
(M)
R2, R3, R4 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP|
1 1 1 1
RP = R2 + R3 + R4
1 1 1
= + +
10 10 10
1 3
RP = 10 m„Rbkxj : - 09
10 wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|
RP =  = 3.33
3
R1 I RP †kªYx‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS|
RS = R1 + RP
= 10 + 3.3 = 13.33.
E 1.5V wP‡Î, R1= 10Ω, R2= R3= 5Ω, R4= 10Ω, E= 6V|
 Zwor cÖevn, I = R =
S 13.33 M. eZ©bxi †gvU Zzj¨ †iva wbY©q Ki|
= 0.112A N. eZ©bxi cÖwZwU †iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ we`y¨r Gi cwigvY I `yB
cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki|
(N) (M)
10 Gi †iva PviwU‡K wb‡Pi wPÎvbyhvqx mvRv‡j Zzj¨‡iva 10 n‡e| R2, R3 I R4 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP|
1 1 1 1
 = + +
RP R2 R3 R4
1 1 1
= + +
5 5 10
2+2+1
=
10
5
R1 I R2 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP| =
10
1 1 1 10
R =R +R  RP = 5
P1 1 2
1 1 = 2
= +
10 10
R1 I RP †kªYx‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS|
2
=  RS = R1 + RP
10
= (10 + 2)
10
 RP1 = 2 = 5. = 12
R3 I R4 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP2|
(N)
1 1 1
RP2 = R3 + R4 g~j Zwor cÖevn I n‡j
1 1 E RS = 12
+ I =
10 10 RS E = 6V
2 6V
= =
10 12
= 0.5A
RP2 = 5
‡h‡nZz R1 eZ©bxi Zwor Dr†mi mv‡_ mivmwi mshy³ ZvB R1 Gi
RP1 I RP2 †kªYx‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS|
ga¨w`‡h eZ©bxi g~j Zwor cÖevwnZ n‡e| awi R1 Gi ga¨w`‡q Zwor
RS = RP1 + RP2
cÖevn I1|
= 5 + 5
I1 = I = 0.5A|
= 10

wbg©j Kzgvi m~Îai c„ôv- 7 ‡gvevBj- 01619002297

 gva¨wgK c`v_©weÁvb GKv`k Aa¨vq: Pj Zwor

R1 Gi wefe cv_©K¨ †iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ Zwor cÖev‡ni mgwó = I1 + I2 + I3

V1 = I1R1 = 0.2A + 0.15A + 0.12A
= 0.5A  10 = 0.47A
= 5Volt R1, R2 I R3 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| RP Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva|
‡h‡nZz R2, R3 I R4 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³ ZvB Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wefe 1 1 1 1
R =R +R +R
cv_©K¨ mgvb| awi R2, R3 I R4 Gi wefe cv_©K¨ h_vµ‡g V2, V3, P 1 2 3

V 4| 1 1 1
= + +
30 40 50
V2 = V3 = V4 = (6  5) Volt
= 1 Volt 20 + 15 + 12
=
[ A_ev, 600
V2 = V3 = V4 = IRP 47
=
600
= 0.5A  2
600
= 1V ]  RP = 47
V2 1V
R2 Gi Zwor cÖevn I2 = R = = 0.2A = 12.76
2 5
E
V3 1V
R3 Gi Zwor cÖevn I3 = R = = 0.2A  Zwor cÖevn I = Rp
3 5
6V
V4 1V = = 0.47A
R4 Gi Zwor cÖevn I4 = =
R4 10
= 0.1A 12.76 

m„Rbkxj:11
m„Rbkxj : 10
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| nvmvb mv‡ne 220V wefe cv_©‡K¨i GKwU eZ©bx‡Z 60W Gi `ywU
evj¦ Ges 100W Gi `ywU d¨vb hy³ K‡ib| Zvi gyiMxi dv‡g© 6 N›Uv
K‡i G¸‡jv e¨envi K‡ib| wZwb G¸‡jv‡K cÖ_‡g mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ K‡ib
wKš‘ GK gvm c‡i G¸‡jv Abyµ‡g hy³ K‡ib|
M. DwjøwLZ †ivaKMy†jv Øviv †kªwY mgevq •Zwi Ki‡j eZ©bxi ga¨ w`‡q
M. •e`y¨wZK hš¿¸‡jv mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ _vKv Ae¯’vq Ryb gv‡mi we`y¨r
cÖevwnZ Zwo‡Zi gvb wbY©q Ki|
LiP KZ?
N. †ivaK¸‡jv mgvšÍiv†j mvRv‡j cÖ‡Z¨KwU †iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ
N. evj¦¸‡jv‡K mgvšÍiv‡ji cwie‡Z© wmwi‡R hy³ Ki‡j we`y¨r mvkªqx
Zwor cÖev†ni mgwó Zzj¨‡iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ Zwor cÖev†ni mgvb
n‡e wKbv? MvwYwZK we‡kølY K‡i gZvgZ `vI|
n‡eÑ MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
(M)
(M)
•e`y¨wZK hš¿¸‡jv mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ _vKv Ae¯’vq Ryb gv‡mi we`y¨r LiP
R1, R2 I R3 †kªYx‡Z mshy³ nIqvq Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS| :-
RS = R1+ R2 + R3 evwZi Rb¨,
= 30 + 40 + 50 W1 = Pt P = 2  60W
= 120. = 120W  180h = 120W
Avgiv Rvwb, = 21600Wh t = 6h  30
V 21600 = 180h
I =R = 1000 kWh
S
W1 = ?
6V = 21.6unit
=
120 d¨v‡bi Rb¨,
= 0.05A W2 = Pt P = 2  100W
= 200W  180h. = 200W
(N) = 36000Wh t = 6h  30
E 6V 36000kwh
R1 †iv‡ai Rb¨ Zwor cÖevn I1 = R = = 0.2A = 180h
1 30 = 1000
W2 = ?
E 6V = 36. Unit
R2 †iv‡ai Rb¨ Zwor cÖevn I2 = = = 0.15A
R2 40
 †gvU we`y¨r LiP = (21.6 + 36) Unit
E 6V
R3 †iv‡ai Rb¨ Zwor cÖevn I3 = R = = 0.12A = 57.6 Unit
3 50

wbg©j Kzgvi m~Îai c„ôv- 8 ‡gvevBj- 01619002297

 gva¨wgK c`v_©weÁvb GKv`k Aa¨vq: Pj Zwor

(N) Avgiv Rvwb,

V2 P = 60W E
P= I=
R V = 220V RS
V2 R=? 3V
R= P =
26
(220V)2 = 0.115A
= 60W
= 806.66 (N)
evj¦ `ywU †kªwY‡Z mshy³ _vK‡j Zzj¨‡iva RS ÔMÕ n‡Z cvB, I = 0.115A
RS = 806.66 + 806.66 awi, R1 = 10
= 1613.33 R2 = 15
WS = Pt V = 220V R3 = 20
2
V RS = 1613.33 ‡h‡nZz R3 Zwor Dr†mi mv‡_ mivmwi hy³ ZvB R3 Gi ga¨ w`‡q
=R t
S t = 6h  30 eZ©bxi g~j Zwor cÖevn P‡j| awi R3 Gi ga¨w`‡q cÖevwnZ Zwor I3|
(220V)2 = 180h
=  180h I3 = I = 0.115A
1613.33 WS = ? R3 Gi wefe cv_©K¨ V3 = I3R3
= 5400.01Wh
= 0.115A  20
= 5.4kWh
= 2.30V
= 5.4 unit
‡h‡nZz R1 I R2 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| myZivs Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wefe
ÔMÕ n‡Z, evj¦ `ywU mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³ _vK‡j e¨wqZ kw³ = 21.6Unit
mgvb n‡e|
R1 I R2 Gi wefe h_vµ‡g V1, V2 n‡j
m„Rbkxj : 12
V1 = V2 = (3  2.30)V
wPÎwU †`‡L wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:
= 0.70V
 R1 Gi ga¨ w`‡q Zwor cÖevn,
V1
I1 = R
1
0.7V
=
10
= 0.07A
M. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î I Gi gvb KZ n‡e? R2 Gi ga¨w`‡q Zwor cÖevn,
N. 20Ω †iv‡ai `yB cÖv‡šÍ wefe cv_©K¨ †ei Ki| mgvšÍivj ms‡hv‡M V2
hy³ _vKv cÖ‡Z¨K cwievn‡Ki g‡a¨ w`‡q Kx cwigvY Zwor hv‡e Zv I2 = R
2
we‡kølY Ki| 0.7V
=
(M) 15
R1 I R2 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP| = 0.046A
1 1 1
RP = R1 + R2 m„Rbkxj :13
1 1 wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ¨ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|
= +
10 15
3+2
=
30
5
=
30
30
RP = 
5
= 6 M. K Ab Ae¯’vq Ameter Gi cvV †ei Ki|
RP I R3 †kªYx‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS| N. K Ab I Ad Ae¯’vq 6Ω †iv‡ai Rb¨ wefe cv_©K¨ †Kgb n‡e|
 RS = RP + R3 MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
= 6 + 20 = 26

wbg©j Kzgvi m~Îai c„ôv- 9 ‡gvevBj- 01619002297

 gva¨wgK c`v_©weÁvb GKv`k Aa¨vq: Pj Zwor

(M) m„Rbkxj :14

R1 I R2 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP| wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ¨ Ki Ges cÖkœMy‡jvi DËi `vI|
1 1 1 R1 = 6
R =R +R
P 1 2 R2 = 5
1 1 R3 = 10
= +
6 5
5+6
=
30
11
=
30
30 M. Pvwe K eÜ ev mshy³ _vKv Ae¯’vq eZ©bxi Zzj¨ †iva wbY©q Ki|
RP = 11
N. K eÜ I †Lvjv _vKv Ae¯’vq eZ©bxi g~j Zwor cÖev‡ni †Kvb
= 2.72 cwieZ©b n‡e wK? e¨vL¨v Ki|
RP I R3 †kªYx‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS| (M)
 RS = RP + R3 K eÜ _vKv Ae¯’vq Kvh©Ki †iva
= 2.72 + 10 R1 = 2
= 12.72 R2 = 4
E E = 10V R3 = 2
I=R
S RS = 12.72 R4 = 3
10V R3 I R4 †kªYx‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS|
ev, I =
12.72  RS = R3 + R4
= 0.786 = 2 + 3
= 5
(N) RS, R1 I R2 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP|
K Ab Ae¯’vq 1 1 1 1
‡h‡nZz R1 I R2 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³, ZvB Zv‡`i wefe cv_©K¨ n‡e  = + +
RP RS R1 R2
Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iv‡ai wefe cv_©‡K¨i mgvb| R1 I R2 Gi Zzj¨‡iva RP 1 1 1
= + +
= 2.72 (M n‡Z) 5 2 4
6 †iv‡ai wefe cv_©K¨, 4 + 10 + 5
=
V = IRP I = 0.786A 20
= 0.786A  2.72 RP = 2.72 19
=
=2.14V. 20
K Ad Ae¯’vq 20
RP = 19
R1 I R3 Kvh©Ki R1 = 6
= 1.05
R1 I R3 †kªYx‡Z mshy³ Zzj¨‡iva RS n‡j, RS R2 = 5
= R1 + R3 R3 = 10
(N)
= 6 + 10 = 16
K eÜ _vKv Ae¯’vq Zzj¨ †iva RP = 1.05
E 10V E = 10V E E = 5V
I=R = I=R
S 16 RS = 16
P RP = 1.05
5V I=?
= 0.625A =
1.05
6 †iv‡ai wefe cv_©K¨,
= 4.76A
V = IR1
K ‡Lvjv _vKv Ae¯’vq Kvh©Ki †iva
= 0.625A  6
R3 = 2, R4 = 3
= 3.75V
R3 I R4 †kªYx‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS|
 RS = R3 + R4
= 2 + 3
= 5

wbg©j Kzgvi m~Îai c„ôv- 10 ‡gvevBj- 01619002297

 gva¨wgK c`v_©weÁvb GKv`k Aa¨vq: Pj Zwor

E E = 5V m„Rbkxj :16
I=R
S RS = 5 wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ¨ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|
5V I=?
=
5
= 1A

m„Rbkxj :15
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ¨ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|
M. eZ©bxi Zzj¨‡iva wbY©q Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki PviwU †iva‡K Kxfv‡e hy³ Ki‡j eZ©bxi g~j Zwor cÖevn
1A cvIqv hv‡e? wPÎ AsK‡bi gva¨‡g MvwYwZK hyw³ `vI|
(M)
awi, R1 = 10
R2 = 10
M. eZ©bxi Zwor cÖevn wbY©q Ki|
R3 = 10
N. eZ©bxi ga¨ w`‡q 30s a‡i we`y¨r cÖevn Pj‡j Kx cwigvY we`y¨r kw³
R4 = 10
e¨q n‡e? wbY©q Ki|
R2 I R3 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP|
(M)
1 1 1
R1 = 10 = +
RP R2 R3
R2 = 5 1 1
R3 = 20 = +
10 10
R2 I R3 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP| 2
1 1 1 =
10
R =R +R
P 2 3 10
1 1 RP = 2
= +
5 20 = 5
RP = 4 R1, RP I R4 †kªYx‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS|
R1 I RP †kªYx‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS| RS = R1 + RP + R4
 RS = R1 + RP = 10 + 5 + 10
= 10 + 4 = 25
= 14
E E = 220V (N)
I=R
S RS = 14 E = IR E = 10V
220V E I = 1A
= R= I
14
R=?
= 15.7A 10V
= 1A
(N) = 10
W = Pt E= V = 220V A_©vr eZ©bxi Zwor cÖevn 1A cvIqv hv‡e hLb eZ©bxi †iva 10
= VI  t I = 15.7A
n‡e| eZ©bxi PviwU 10 †iva‡K wb‡Pi wPµvbyhvqx mvRv‡j Zzj¨‡iva
= 220V  15.7A  30s t = 30s
n‡e 10 A_©vr Zwor cÖevn n‡e 1A|
= 1.04  105J W=?
eZ©bxi ga¨ w`‡q 30s a‡i we`y¨r cÖevn Pj‡j 1.04  105J kw³ e¨q
n‡e|

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 gva¨wgK c`v_©weÁvb GKv`k Aa¨vq: Pj Zwor

hyw³ - m„Rbkxj :18

R1 I R2 †kªYx‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS1| wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ¨ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|
RS1 = R1 + R2 R1 = 10
= 10 + 10 R2 = 10
= 20 R3 = 10
R4 = 10
R3 I R4 †kªYx‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS2|
RS2 = R3 + R4
= 10 + 10 = 20
M. eZ©bx‡Z I = ?
RS1 I RS2 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP|
N. eZ©bx‡Z 20 †iv‡ai cwie‡Z© KZ gv‡bi †iva e¨envi Ki‡j I Gi
1 1 1 1 1 2
RP = RS1 + RS2 = 20 + 20 = 20 gvb 1A n‡e?
(M)
20
 RP = = 10 R2 I R3 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP|
2
E 10V 1 1 1 R1 = 5
I=R = = 1A  = +
P 10 RP R2 R3 R2 = 10
1 1 R3 = 20
= +
10 20
m„Rbkxj :17
2+1
mvCg Zvi evmvi 220V jvB‡b 22Ω †iv‡ai GKwU Avqib Pvjv‡Z =
20
wM‡q jÿ¨ Kij †h, 8A Gi GKwU wdDR evi evi †K‡U hv‡”Q| mvCg
3
10Ω Gi GKwU †iva Avqi‡bi mv‡_ †kªwY mgev‡q hy³ K‡i mgm¨vi =
20
mgvavb Kij|
20
M. 10Ω †iva hy³ Kivi c~‡e©, cÖevngvÎv wbY©q Ki| RP =
3
N. mvCg 10Ω Gi †ivawU †kªwY mgev‡q hy³ Kivi d‡j mgm¨vi = 6.66
mgvavb n‡jvÑ MvwYwZK hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki| R1 I RP †kªYx‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS|
(M)
 RS = R1 + RP
E E = 220
I=R = 5 + 6.66
R = 22
= 11.66
220V I =?
= E E = 6V
22 I=R +r
S RS = 11.66
= 10A.
6V r = 0.25
=
11.66 + 0.25 I=?
(N)
6V
R1 I R2 †kªYx‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS| =
11.91
RS = R1 + R2 R1 = 22 = 0.5A.
= 22 + 10 R2 = 10
= 32 (N)
 Zwor cÖevn g‡b Kwi 20 †iv‡ai cwie‡Z© R3 †iva e¨envi Ki‡j eZ©bxi Zwor
E E = 220V cÖevn cvIqv hv‡e 1A.
I =R
S RS = 32 E I = 1A
220V I=? I=R+r
= E = 6V
32
E r = 0.25
= 6.87A R+r= I
R=?
‡h‡nZz 8A Gi wdDR A‡cÿv Zwor cÖevn (6.87A) Kg, ZvB E
mgm¨vi mgvavb n‡jv| R= I r
6V
= 1A  0.25
= 6  0.25 = 5.75

wbg©j Kzgvi m~Îai c„ôv- 12 ‡gvevBj- 01619002297

 gva¨wgK c`v_©weÁvb GKv`k Aa¨vq: Pj Zwor

R2 I R3 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP|

RP I R1 †kªYx‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva R-Gi mgvb
 R = RP + R1 R1 = 5
5.75 = RP + 5 R2 = 10
RP = 5.75  5
= 0.75
Avevi, Zzj¨‡iva RP -Gi Rb¨, R1 I R2 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP|
1 1 1 1 1 1
RP = R2 + R3 RP = R1 + R2
1 1 1 1 1 2
ev, = +R = + =
0.75 10 3 3 3 3
1 1 1 3
ev, =  RP = 2
R3 0.75 10
 R3 = 0.81 = 1.5
RP I R3 †kªYx‡Z mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RS|
m„Rbkxj :19 RS = RP + R3
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ¨ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| = 1.5 + 3
= 4.5
E E = 9V
I=R
S RS = 4.5
9V I=?
=
4.5
= 2A
M. DÏxc‡Ki eZ©bxi Zzj¨‡iva KZ?
N. †iv‡ai cwieZ©b bv K‡i eZ©bxi †iva¸‡jv Kxfv‡e mvRv‡j Zwor
cÖevn 2A n‡e wPÎmn eY©bv Ki|
(M)
R1, R2 I R3 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³| awi, Zv‡`i Zzj¨‡iva RP|
1 1 1 1 R1 = 3
= + +
RP R1 R2 R3 R2 = 3
1 1 1 3 R3 = 3
= + + =
3 3 3 3
ev, RP = 1

(N)
E E = 9V
I=R
I = 2A
E R=?
R= I
9V
= 2A
= 4.5
A_©¨vr eZ©bxi gyj Zwor cÖevn 2A cvIqv hv‡e hLb eZ©bx †iva 4.5
n‡e| eZ©bxi †iva¸‡jv‡K wb‡Pi wPÎvbyhvqx Zzj¨‡iva 4.5 n‡e A_©¨vr
Zwor cÖevn cvIqv hv‡e 2A.

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 gva¨wgK c`v_©weÁvb GKv`k Aa¨vq: Pj Zwor

mgvšÍivj mwbœ‡e‡k Zzj¨‡iva wbY©q R1, R2......... Rn cÖf„wZ n msL¨K †iva mgvšÍivj mwbœ‡e‡k hy³ Ki‡j
cvB,
1 1 1 1
RP = R1 R2+ + ............. + Rn

AbyµwgK/ †kªwY mwbœ‡e‡k Zzj¨‡iva wbY©q

wPÎvbyhvqx, R!I R2 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³

Ges B we›`yi wefe, VB= V
C we›`yi wefe, VC= V
D we›`yi wefe, VD= 0
E we›`yi wefe, VE= 0 wPÎvbyhvqx, R!I R2 †kÖwY‡Z mshy³
awi, R!I R2 †iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ Zwor h_vµ‡g I1I I2 | Ges A we›`yi wefe, VA= V
GLb, C we›`yi wefe, VC= 0
R!I R2 -Gi Rb¨ In‡gi m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB, awi, B we›`yi wefe, VB= VB
VB – VE Ges cÖwZwU †iv‡ai ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ Zwor I|
R! -Gi Zwor cÖevn, I1 = ...............(1)
R1 GLb,
VC – VD R1I R2 -Gi Rb¨ In‡gi m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB,
R2 -Gi Zwor cÖevn, I2 = ...............(2)
R2
R1 -Gi wefe cv_©K¨, VA− VB = IR! ...............(1)
(1+2) Kwi,
R2 -Gi wefe cv_©K¨, VB− VC = IR2 ...............(2)
VB – VE VC – VD
I1+ I2 = R1
+ R (1+2) Kwi,
2
V–0 V–0 VA− VC = I(R!+ R2)
ev, I = R + R ev, V− 0 = I(R!+ R2)
1 2

V V ev, V= I(R!+ R2) ...............(3)

ev, I = +
R1 R2 GLb R1 Ges R2 gv‡bi †iva `yBwUi cwie‡Z© RS gv‡bi GKwU †iva
1 1 A I C we›`yi g‡a¨ hy³ Ki‡j hw` Zwor cÖevn I Ges wefe cv_©K¨ V
ev, I = V ( R + R )...............(3)
1 2
AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K Zvn‡j RS B n‡e H mgev‡qi Zzj¨‡iva|
GLb R1 Ges R2 gv‡bi †iva `yBwUi cwie‡Z© RP gv‡bi GKwU †iva
B I E we›`yi g‡a¨ hy³ Ki‡j hw` Zwor cÖevn I Ges wefe cv_©K¨ V
AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K Zvn‡j RP B n‡e H mgev‡qi Zzj¨‡iva|

RS -Gi Rb¨ cybivq In‡gi m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB,

RS -Gi wefe cv_©K¨, VA− VC = IRS
ev, V− 0 = IRS
RP -Gi Rb¨ cybivq In‡gi m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i cvB,
ev, V = IRS ...............(4)
VB – V E V – 0
RP -Gi Gi Zwor cÖevn, I = R = R (3) I (4) mgš^q K‡i cvB,
P P
IRS = I(R!+ R2)
V
ev, I= R ...............(4) ev, RS = R!+ R2
P

(3) I (4) mgš^q K‡i cvB, R1, R2......... Rn cÖf„wZ n msL¨K †iva ‡kÖwY mwbœ‡e‡k hy³ Ki‡j
V 1 1 cvB,
RP = V ( R1 + R2 ) RS = R!+ R2 + .......... + Rn
1 1 1
ev, R = R + R
P 1 2

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 gva¨wgK c`v_©weÁvb GKv`k Aa¨vq: Pj Zwor

g~jeB- Gi mvaviY cÖ‡kœi DËi Amxg msL¨K 1 ‡iva mgvšÍiv‡j hy³ _vK‡j Ges Zzj¨‡iva RP n‡j,
1| K¨vcvwmUi‡K wK e¨vUvwi wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv m¤¢e? 1 1 1 1 1
= + + + ......... +
K¨vcvwmUi‡K e¨vUvwi wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv m¤¢e Z‡e Lye Aí mg‡qi RP 1 1 1 1
Rb¨| KviY K¨vcvwmU‡ii `ywU mgvšÍivj avZe cv‡Zi gv‡S Avavb ev = 1-1 + 1-1 + 1-1 + ......... + 1-1 = -1
PvR© Rgv †i‡L wefe cv_©K¨ •Zwi Kiv nq| avi‡Ki †mB `y‡Uv cvZ 1
 RP =  = 0.
GKUv Zvi w`‡q Ry‡o w`‡j gyn~‡Z©i g‡a¨ cy‡iv PvR© cÖevwnZ n‡q Zv‡`i 
wefe cv_©K¨ k~b¨ n‡q hv‡e| 1 `yBwU †iva †kªwY‡Z hy³ Ki‡j, Zzj¨‡iva RS n‡j
RS = 1 + 1
2| wdjv‡g›Uhy³ jvBU ev‡j¦i wdjv‡g›U IÕ‡gi m~Î gvb‡Q wK bv cixÿv = 2.
Kiv KwVb †Kb? ZLb RP I RS †kªwY‡Z hy³ Ki‡j, Zzj¨‡iva R′S n‡j
wdjv‡g›Uhy³ jvBU ev‡j¦i wdjv‡g›U IÕ‡gi m~Î gvb‡Q wK bv cixÿv R′S = RP + RS
Kiv KwVb| KviY wdjv‡g‡›Ui ga¨w`‡q hLb Zwor cÖevwnZ nq ZLb = 0 + 2 = 2.
wdjv‡g›U DËß n‡q I‡V| †h‡nZy ZvcgvÎv e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ cwievnxi
†ivaI e„w× cvq, ZvB wfbœ wfbœ cÖev‡n †iv‡ai gvb wfbœZi nq| ZLb 2.
cÖevwnZ Zwo‡Zi cwigvc wefe cv_©‡K¨i mgvbycvwZK nq bv|

3| we`y¨rcÖevn n‡”Q B‡jKUªb cÖevn| hLb we`y¨r cÖevn nq ZLb

B‡jKUªb¸‡jvi MwZ wKš‘ Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg _v‡K, wKš‘ gyn~‡Z©i gv‡S
we`y¨r cÖevwnZ nq - Kxfv‡e?
‡Kv‡bv cwievnxi `yB cÖv‡šÍ wefe cv_©‡K¨i d‡j m„ó Zwor‡ÿÎ
cwievnxi wfZ‡ii gy³ B‡jKUª‡bi Ici Zwor ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i| G‡Z †Zvgvi eÜz 1mm cyiæ bvB‡µv‡gi cvZ w`‡q 10cm  10cm
B‡jKUªb¸‡jv GK cÖKvi e¨vcb Pvc Abyfe K‡i| GB Pv‡ci d‡j e‡M©i GKwU †iwR÷i •Zwi K‡i‡Q| Zzwg 1m  1m e‡M©i GKwU
FYvZ¥K cÖvšÍ wb¤œ wefe n‡Z B‡jKUªb cwievnxi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges †iwR÷i •Zwi K‡iQ| †Zvgvi eÜzi •Zwi †iwR÷‡ii gvb KZ?
Zv D”PZi wef‡ei w`‡K Aew¯’Z Zvi cvk¦©eZ©x B‡jKUªb‡K Pvc †`q|
d‡j cwievnxi FYvZ¥K cÖvšÍ n‡Z B‡jKUªb abvZ¥K cÖv‡šÍ (D”P wefe)
cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges Zwor cÖevn m¤úbœ nq| GB Pvc Lye `ªyZ wµqv Kivq
B‡jKUª‡bi MwZ Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg n‡jI gyn~‡Z©i gv‡S we`y¨r cÖevwnZ
nq|

4| mgvb wefe cv_©‡K¨ ‡ewk †iva †ewk Zvc •Zwi K‡i bvwK Kg †iva
†ewk Zvc •Zwi K‡i| eÜzi Rb¨
R †iv‡ai `yB cÖv‡šÍi wefe cv_©K¨ V n‡j Gi ga¨ w`‡q t mgq a‡i L bvB‡µv‡gi †ivaKZ¡,
R= A
V2t  = 100  10-8m
Zwor cÖev‡ni Rb¨ m„ó Zvckw³ H n‡j, H= R 100  10-8 m  0.1m L = 10cm = 0.1m
=
1 1  10-4m2 A = 10cm  1mm
V I t aªæe n‡j, Hα R
= 0.001 = 0.1m  0.00lm
A_©vr, mgvb wefe cv_©‡K¨ Kg †iv‡a †ewk Zvc •Zwi nq| = 1  10-4m2
R=?
g~jeB- Gi MvwYwZK cÖ‡kœi DËi Avgvi Rb¨
L  = 100  10-8m
1. Amxg msL¨K 1 †iwR÷i e¨envi K‡i 2 †iwR÷i •Zwi K‡iv| R=
A L = 1m
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi g‡Zv K‡i Amxg msL¨K 1 †iwR÷i e¨envi K‡i 2 100  10-8m  1m A = 1m  1mm
†iwR÷i •Zwi Kiv m¤¢e| = 0.001m2 = 1m  0.00lm
= 0.001 = 0.001m2
R=?

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 gva¨wgK c`v_©weÁvb GKv`k Aa¨vq: Pj Zwor

3. G†ÿ‡Î, Zzj¨‡iva, Rs = 2 + 3 R1 = 2
= 5 R2 = 3
E 6V
 Zwor cÖevn, I = = = 1.2A.
RS 5
wPÎvbyhvqx.
A we›`yi wefe, VA = 6V
C I D we›`yi wefe, VC = VD = 0V
GLb, R1-Gi Rb¨ wefe cZb, VAB = IR1
wPÎwU‡Z †`Lv‡bv mvwK©‡U hw` D we›`y‡K f~wg msjMœ Kiv nq Zvn‡j A, = 1.2A  2 = 2.4V
B, C I D we›`y‡Z †fv‡ëR KZ? I Gi gvb KZ?  B e›`yi wefe, VB = VA  VAB
eZbxi Zzj¨‡iva, = 6V  2.4V = 3.6V
Rs = 2 + 3 + 7 R1 = 2
= 12 R2 = 3 5.
E 6V R3 = 7
Zwor cÖevn, I = =
Rs 12 E = 6V
= 0.5A
wPÎvbyhvqx, A-Gi wefe, VA = 6V
Ges D -Gi wefe VD = 0V
GLb, R1 Gi Rb¨ wefe cZb, VAB = IR1
= 0.5A  2 = 1V
 B -Gi wefe VB = VA  VAB
= 6V  1V = 5V wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv mvwK©‡U D we›`y‡K fywg msjMœ Kiv n‡j mvwK©‡U A, B, C
Avevi, R2-Gi Rb¨ wefe cZb, VBC = IR2 I D we›`y‡Z †fv‡ëR KZ?
= 0.5A  3 = 1.5V wP‡Î, R1 = 2, R2 = 1, R3 = 1, R4 = 2
 C -Gi wefe,VC = VB  VBC R2, R3 †kªwY‡Z hy³, Zzj¨ †iva, Rs = 1 + 1 = 2
= 5V  1.5V = 3.5V Rs I R4 mgvšÍiv‡j mshy³, Zzj¨‡iva, Rp
1 1 1 1+1 2
 = + = =
4. Rp 2 2 2 2
 Rp = 1
R1 I Rp †kªwY‡Z mshy³, Zzj¨‡iva, Rs = R1 + Rp
= 2 + 1 = 3
E 3V
 Zwor cÖevn, I = = = 1A
Rs 3
wPÎvbyhvqx, A we›`yi wefe, VA = 3V
D we›`yi wefe, VD = 0V
R1-Gi Rb¨ wefe cZb, VAB = IR1 = 1A  2 = 2V
wPÎwU‡Z †`Lv‡bv mvwK©‡U D we›`y‡K fywg msjMœ bv K‡i hw` C we›`y‡K
 B we›`yi wefe VB = VA  VAB
f~wg msjMœ Kiv nq Zvn‡j †fv‡ëR KZ? I-Gi gvb KZ?
= 3V  2V = 1V
†h‡nZz, B I D we›`yi wefe h_vµvg 1V I 0V, ZvB B I D we›`yi
wefe cv_©K¨-VBD = VB  VD = 1V  0V = 1V
VBD 1V
 BD c‡_ Zwor cÖevn IBD = R = [RBD = Rs = 2]
BD 2
= 0.5A
R2-Gi wefe cZb, VBC = IBD  R2
= 0.5A  1 = 0.5V
wPÎvbyhvqx D we›`yi cwie‡Z© C we›`y‡Z fywg msjMœ Kiv n‡j R3 =
 C we›`yi wefe, VC = VB  VBC
7-Gi ga¨w`‡q †Kv‡bv Zwor cÖevwnZ n‡e bv|
= 1V  0.5V = 0.5V

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