DOON INTERNATIONAL

PUBLIC SCHOOL
Higher Secondary
Science - Commerce

HSC Board Exam - March 2025

Practice Papers
Socials : @dipsmaninagar
Contact : 9429867172
 DOON INTENATIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOL
Date : 20-12-2024 STD 12 Commerce Statistics Total Marks : 100
Time : 3 hour practice paper 1

Section A

* Choose The Right Answer From The Given Options. [20]

1. Which index number gives idea of the standard of living of people?

(A) Index number of industrial (B) Quantity index number
production (C) Fisher's index number
(D) Cost of living index number
2. The price of an item increased by 4.5 times in the current year as compared to
the base year. What will be the price index number ?
(A) 45 (B) 450 (C) 550 (D) 350
3. The measurement unit of a variable ‘Weight’ is kg and that of ‘Height’ is cm.
What can you see about the measurement unit of the correlation coefficient
between them ?
(A) kg (B) cm
(C) km (D) does not have any unit
4. Which kind of the correlation can be obtained if the two variables are varying in
opposite direction in constant proportion ?
(A) Perfect Positive correlation (B) Perfect Negative correlation
(C) Partial Positive correlation (D) Partial Negative correlation
5. Which regression line is used if the sale of a commodity depends on its
advertisement cost ?
(A) Regression line of advertisement cost on sale
(B) Regression line of advertisement cost on advertisement cost
(C) Regression line of sales on advertisement cost
(D) Regression line of sales on sales
6. What is error e in estimation in case of line of regression of Y on X ?
(A) y – ŷ (B) x̂ – ŷ (C) x – x̂ (D) ŷ – x̂
7. Which of the following variations are due to cyclical component ?
(A) Rise in demand during winter
(B) Decrease in the share prices due to recession in share market.
(C) Decrease in the agricultural produce due to excessive rains
(D) Continuously decreasing death rate

Page 1
 8. Which component of the time series is impossible to predict ?
(A) Random component (B) Trend
(C) Seasonal component (D) Cyclical component
9. Which of the following statement for probability of elementary events H and T

of random experiment of tossing a balanced coin is not true ?

(A) P(T) = 0.5 (B) P(H) + P(T) = 1 (C) P (H ∩ T ) = 0.5 (D) P(H) = 0.5
10. Which random experiment from the following random experiments has an
infinite sample space ?
(A) Throwing two dice (B) Selecting two employees from an
office.
(C) To measure the life of electric bulb (D) Select a card from 52 cards

11. A random variable X assumes the values −2, 0 and 2 only with respective
probabilities 1

5
,
3

5
and K . If \(0
(A) 1

5
(B) 4

5
(C) 2

5
(D) 3

12. For the probability distribution of a discrete random variable, E(X) = 5 and
E (X
2
) = 35 . What will be the variance of this distribution?
(A) 40 (B) 30 (C) 20 (D) 10

13. Mean and variance of a discrete probability distribution are 3 and 7 respectively.
What will be E (X
2
) for this distribution?
(A) 10 (B) 4 (C) 40 (D) 16
14. The area of the region covered between normal curve and X-axis is…….
(A) 0.5 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) > 1

15. Normal distribution is denoted by which symbol?

(A) N (μ, σ) (B) N (μ, σ 2
) (C) N 2
(μ, σ) (D) N ( μ
2
, σ) .

16. What is the value of “e” in the probability density function of a normal
distribution?
(A) 3.1416 (B) 3.8271 (C) 2.7183 (D) 2.1614

17. What is the value of lim x→3 3x − 1 ?

(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 4

3
(D) 8

18. If modulus form of N (a, 0.07) is \(|x-10|

(A) a (B) 0.7 (C) 0.07 (D) 9.93
19. If the function f (x) is increasing at x = a then which is the correct option from
the following ?
(A) f ′
(a) < 0 (B) f ′
(a) > 0 (C) f ′
(a) = 0 (D) f ′′
(a) > 0

20. If u and v are functions of x then what is the formula for derivative of v

u
?

Page 2
 du dv du dv dv du dv du
v −u v +u u +v u −v

(A) dx

2
v
dx
(B) dx

2
v
dx
(C) dx

2
u
dx
(D) dx

2
u
dx

Section B

* Answer The Following Questions In One Sentence. [10]

21. What is weight ?

22. If r(x,y):0.3 then find r(u,v) for the following.
u =
5−x

2
and v =
5+y

23. What is the value of error if a sample point is on the fitted line ?
24. State the components of time series.
25. State the limitations of statistical definition of probability.
26. State the relation between the probability of success and failure in Bernoulli
trials.
27. Which value of normal variable divides the area of normal curve in two equal
parts?
28. For which value of standard normal variable, the standard normal curve is
symmetric on both the sides?
29. Find the value of lim x→5 (3x + 5) .
30. What are the stationary points of a function?

Section C

* Answer The Following Questions as Directed. ( Write Any 7 ) [14]

31. The data about bi-monthly closing prices of shares of a company in the year
2014 are given. Compute the chain base index numbers from these data.
Month January March May July September November
Price (₹) 22 21.20 22 23 24.7 26
32. The following results are obtained from a bivariate data.
n = 10, Σ(x − x̄)(y − ȳ ) = 72, sx = 3 and Σ(y − ȳ )
2
= 160 Find the correlation
coefficient.
33. If u = 5(x − 40), v = 2(y − 18) and byx = 1.6 , find the value of bvu .

34. State the merits of the method of moving average to measure trend.
35. Write the sample space of a random experiment of randomly selecting any one
number from the natural numbers.
36. The mean and variance of a binomial distribution are 3.9 and 2.73 respectively.
Find the number of Bernoulli trials conducted in this distribution and write p(x) .
37. 5

Find the value of

5
(x+h ) − x
lim h→0
h
.

Page 3
38. Find the value of lim x→2
2x+3
.
x−1

39. Find dy
for 4
y = x − 3x
2
+ 2x − 3
dx

Section D

* Answer The Following Questions as Directed. ( Write Any 8 ) [24]

40. The prices per unit R) of six food items in the year 2014 and 2015 are given in
the following table. Taking 2014 as the base year, compute the general index
number for the price of food items and state the overall rise in prices of these
food items.
Price per unit (₹) of the item
Item Unit
Year 2014 Year 2015
Bread Packet 25 28
Eggs Dozen 30 35
Ghee Tin 375 380
Milk Litre 36 40
Cheese Kilogram 440 500
Butter Kilogram 265 300
41. The prices of three items A, B and C among five items have increased in the year
2015 by 90 %, 120 % and 70 % respectively with respect to the year 2010,
whereas the prices of two items D and E have decreased by 2 “/0 and 5 "a
respectively. Item A is four times important than item B and item C is six times
important than item A. The importance of items D and E is two and half times
the importance of item B. Compute the general price index number of the year
2015 for all the five items.
42. The principal of a school has conducted a test for five students selected in a
sample to judge the relation between the knowledge of Mathematics and
memory ability in the subject of History of the students. The ranks given to
these five students in the subjects of Mathematics and History are given below.
Find the rank correlation coefficient between ranks of two subjects using this
information.
Student A B C D E
Rank in Mathematics 2 5 1 4 3
Rank in History 4 1 5 2 3
43. If x̄ = 5, ȳ = 11 and b = 1.2 , obtain the regression line of Y on .
X

44. The following information is obtained for monthly advertisement cost and the
sales of the last year for a company providing online shopping:
Advertisement cost (ten Sales (lakh
Particulars
thousand ₹) ₹)

Page 4
 Mean 10 90
Standard
3 12
Deviation
r=0.8

Obtain the regression line of the sales on the advertisement cost.

45. The number of accounts opened in different weeks in a branch of a certain bank
are given below. Find the trend using three-weekly moving averages.
Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
No. of accounts opened 26 27 26 25 22 24 25 23 22 21
46. 3 persons from medical profession and 5 persons from engineering profession
offer services at a social organization. 2 persons are randomly selected from
these persons with the purpose of forming a committee. Find the probability
that both the persons selected belong to the same profession.
47. The probability that a person from a group reads newspaper X is 0.55 , the
probability that he read newspaper Y is 0.69 and the probability that he reads
both the newspaper X and Y is 0.27 . Find the probability that a person selected
at random from this group.
(1) reads at least one of the newspapers X and Y .
(2) does not read any of the newspapers X and Y .
(3) reads only one of the newspapers X and Y .
48. Two balanced dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability that at least
one of the two dice shows the number 3 .
49. A random variable X denotes the number of accidents per year in a factory and
the probability distribution of X is given below :
X=x 0 1 2 3 4
p(x) 4K 15 K 25 K 5K K
(i) Find the constant K and rewrite the probability distribution.
(ii) Find the probability of the event that one or two accidents will occur in this
factory during the year.
(iii) Find the probability that no accidents will take place during the year in the
factory.
50. Determine when the following distribution is a probability distribution of
discrete variable. Hence obtain the probability for x = 2 :
x
1
p(x) = c( ) , x = 1, 2, 3, 4
4

51. The number of vehicles arriving at toll station during busy hours of national
highway follows normal distribution. The mean of this distribution is ,u and its
standard deviation is 0'. The number of vehicles arriving at two different busy

Page 5
 time periods are 88 and 64 and if the respective values of Z-score for these
values are 0.8 and -0.4 then find mean and standard deviation of number of
vehicles arriving at the toll station during busy period.

Section E

* Answer The Following Questions as Directed. ( Write Any 3 ) [12]

52. The monthly income of workers working in a production house follows normal
distribution. Their average monthly income is ₹ 15,000 and standard deviation is
4000. (1) If a worker is selected at random then find the probability that his
monthly income is between ₹ 10,000 and ₹ 25,000. (2) Find the percentage of
workers having monthly income between ₹ 12,000 and ₹ 22,000 in the
production house.
53. The average weight of grown up children living in a large society is 50 kg and its
standard deviation is 5 kg. If their weight follows normal distribution and a
grown up child is selected at random then find (1) the probability that his
weight is between 55 kg and 65 kg. (2) the probability that his weight is between
35 kg and 45 kg.
54. Find lim x→1
1
, x ∈ R − {1} by tabular method.
x−1

55. If the production cost function for a producer is 2

C = 100 + 0.015x and revenue
function is R = 3x then find the profit function. How many units should be
produced by the producer for maximum profit ?

Section F

* Calculate The Following Sums In Detail. ( Write Any 4 ) [20]

56. The details of expenses on fuel for a group of workers of a region are as follows
:
Base year 2012 Year 2014
Item
Quantity Price per unit (₹) Price per unit (₹)
Coal 5 Kilogram 25 30
Kerosene 20 Litre 40 45
Wood 5 Kilogram 22 25
Match-box 10 Boxes 0.90 1

Prepare the index number of the group of fuel expenditure from these data. If
the expenditurefor food, clothing, house rent and miscellaneous groups in the
year 2015 are 3, 2.5, 4.5 and3.25 times respectively that of the year 2012, and if
the expenditures on these groups are42 %, 15 %, 10 % and 12 % respectively of
the total expenditure then prepare the cost ofliving index number for the
workers.
57. The details of monthly sale of mobile phones (in thousand units) and its profit
(in lakh ₹) for the last six months for a company making mobile phones are
given below.
No. of mobile phones sold (thousand units) x 3 8 12 5 7 5
Profit (lakh ₹) y 6 10 15 10 9 8

Find the correlation coefficient between ‘number of mobile phones sold’ and its
‘profit’.
58. In order to study the relation between the performance of students of a school
in terms of marks in the subjects of Gujarati and Statistics, the following data
are collected by taking a sample of six students.
Marks in Gujarati x 65 72 66 70 72 69
Marks in Statistics y 90 95 88 92 85 90

Compute the correlation coefficient between the marks obtained by the

students in two subjects from this data.
59. In order to determine the relationship between monthly income (in thousand ₹)
and monthly expenditure (in thousand ₹) of people of a group, a sample of
seven persons is taken from that group and the following information is
obtained.
Person 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Monthly income (thousand ₹) 60 70 64 68 62 65 72
Monthly expenditure(thousand ₹) 50 59 57 50 53 58 60

Obtain the regression line of monthly expenditure on monthly income. If a

person of the group has monthly income of ₹ 75 thousand, estimate his monthly
expenditure.
60. The dropout rate of students of standard 1 to 5 from primary schools of a
district is as follows :
Year 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Dropout
3.24 2.98 2.29 2.2 2.09 2.07 2.04
rate
Estimate the dropout rate for students from standard 1 to 5 for the year 2016-
17 and 2017-18 by fitting a linear equation for trend.
61. The profit earned (in lakh ₹) by a company making computers is as follows. Find
the linear equation for the trend from these data by least square method and
estimate the profit for the year 2017.
Year 2,011 2,012 2,013 2,014 2,015
Profit(Lakh₹) 31 35 39 41 44
----- -----
 DOON INTENATIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOL
Date : 20-12-2024 STD 12 Commerce Statistics Total Marks : 100
Time : 3 hour practice paper 1

Section A

* Choose The Right Answer From The Given Options. [20]

1. Which index number gives idea of the standard of living of people?

(A) Index number of industrial (B) Quantity index number
production (C) Fisher's index number
(D) Cost of living index number
Ans. : Cost of living index number
2. The price of an item increased by 4.5 times in the current year as compared to
the base year. What will be the price index number ?
(A) 45 (B) 450 (C) 550 (D) 350
Ans. : 550
3. The measurement unit of a variable ‘Weight’ is kg and that of ‘Height’ is cm.
What can you see about the measurement unit of the correlation coefficient
between them ?
(A) kg (B) cm
(C) km (D) does not have any unit
Ans. : (D) does not have any unit
4. Which kind of the correlation can be obtained if the two variables are varying in
opposite direction in constant proportion ?
(A) Perfect Positive correlation (B) Perfect Negative correlation
(C) Partial Positive correlation (D) Partial Negative correlation
Ans. : (B) Perfect Negative correlation
5. Which regression line is used if the sale of a commodity depends on its
advertisement cost ?
(A) Regression line of advertisement cost on sale
(B) Regression line of advertisement cost on advertisement cost
(C) Regression line of sales on advertisement cost
(D) Regression line of sales on sales
Ans. : Regression line of sales on advertisement cost
6. What is error e in estimation in case of line of regression of Y on X ?
(A) y – ŷ (B) x̂ – ŷ (C) x – x̂ (D) ŷ – x̂

Page 1
 Ans. : y – ŷ
7. Which of the following variations are due to cyclical component ?
(A) Rise in demand during winter
(B) Decrease in the share prices due to recession in share market.
(C) Decrease in the agricultural produce due to excessive rains
(D) Continuously decreasing death rate
Ans. : (B) Decrease in the share prices due to recession in share market.
8. Which component of the time series is impossible to predict ?
(A) Random component (B) Trend
(C) Seasonal component (D) Cyclical component
Ans. : (A) Random component
9. Which of the following statement for probability of elementary events H and T

of random experiment of tossing a balanced coin is not true ?

(A) P(T) = 0.5 (B) P(H) + P(T) = 1 (C) P (H ∩ T ) = 0.5 (D) P(H) = 0.5

Ans. : (C) P (H ∩ T ) = 0.5

10. Which random experiment from the following random experiments has an
infinite sample space ?
(A) Throwing two dice (B) Selecting two employees from an
office.
(C) To measure the life of electric bulb (D) Select a card from 52 cards
Ans. : (C) To measure the life of electric bulb
11. A random variable X assumes the values −2, 0 and 2 only with respective
probabilities 1

5
,
3

5
and K . If \(0
(A) 1

5
(B) 4

5
(C) 2

5
(D) 3

Ans. : 1

12. For the probability distribution of a discrete random variable, E(X) = 5 and
E (X
2
) = 35 . What will be the variance of this distribution?
(A) 40 (B) 30 (C) 20 (D) 10

Ans. : 10
13. Mean and variance of a discrete probability distribution are 3 and 7 respectively.
What will be E (X
2
) for this distribution?
(A) 10 (B) 4 (C) 40 (D) 16
Ans. : 16
14. The area of the region covered between normal curve and X-axis is…….

Page 2
 (A) 0.5 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) > 1

Ans. : 1
15. Normal distribution is denoted by which symbol?
(A) N (μ, σ) (B) N (μ, σ 2
) (C) N 2
(μ, σ) (D) N ( μ
2
, σ) .

Ans. : N (μ, σ )
2

16. What is the value of “e” in the probability density function of a normal
distribution?
(A) 3.1416 (B) 3.8271 (C) 2.7183 (D) 2.1614

Ans. : 2.7183
17. What is the value of lim x→3 3x − 1 ?
(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 4

3
(D) 8

Ans. : 8
18. If modulus form of N (a, 0.07) is \(|x-10|
(A) a (B) 0.7 (C) 0.07 (D) 9.93
Ans. : 0.07

19. If the function f (x) is increasing at x = a then which is the correct option from
the following ?
(A) f ′
(a) < 0 (B) f ′
(a) > 0 (C) f ′
(a) = 0 (D) f ′′
(a) > 0

Ans. : ′
f (a) > 0

20. If u and v are functions of x then what is the formula for derivative of v

u
?
du dv du dv dv du dv du
v −u v +u u +v u −v

(A) dx

v
2
dx
(B) dx

v
2
dx
(C) dx

u
2
dx
(D) dx

u
2
dx

dv du
u⋅ −v⋅

Ans. : dx

u
2
dx

Section B

* Answer The Following Questions In One Sentence. [10]

21. What is weight ?

Ans. : The number associated with items in proportion to their importance is called
weight.
22. If r(x,y):0.3 then find r(u,v) for the following.
and
5−x 5+y
u = v =
2 2

Ans. : While defining u and v from the properties (no. 4 and no. 5), the value of r(u,
v) will be dependent on the signs of the coefficients of X and Y.i.e. r(u, v) = r(x, y) or

Page 3
 -r(x, y)
5−x 5+y
r( , ) = r(u, v) = −0.8
2 2

23. What is the value of error if a sample point is on the fitted line ?
Ans. : The value of error is zero if a sample point is on the fitted line.
24. State the components of time series.
Ans. : The components of time series are :
Long-term component or Trend,
Seasonal component,
Cyclical component and
Random or Irregular component.
25. State the limitations of statistical definition of probability.
Ans. : The limitations of statistical definition of probability are as follows:
The infinite value of n cannot be taken in practice.
The exact value of probability cannot be known.
26. State the relation between the probability of success and failure in Bernoulli
trials.
Ans. : The relation between the probability of success and failure in Bernoulli trials
is p + q = 1 .
27. Which value of normal variable divides the area of normal curve in two equal
parts?
Ans. : The value of normal variable X = μ mean divides the area of normal curve in
two equal parts.
28. For which value of standard normal variable, the standard normal curve is
symmetric on both the sides?
Ans. : For Z = 0, the standard normal curve is symmetric on both the sides.
29. Find the value of lim x→5 (3x + 5) .
Ans. : lim x→5 (3x + 5) = 3(5) + 5 = 20

30. What are the stationary points of a function?

Ans. : The change in revenue due to small change in demand is called marginal
revenue.

Section C

* Answer The Following Questions as Directed. ( Write Any 7 ) [14]

31. The data about bi-monthly closing prices of shares of a company in the year
2014 are given. Compute the chain base index numbers from these data.
Month January March May July September November

Page 4
 Price (₹) 22 21.20 22 23 24.7 26
Ans. : The price for the month before January is not given here. Hence, we will take
the index number for January, 2014 as 100. The calculation of index numbers for
remaining months using the chain base method are shown in the following table.
Price of share Chain base index number
Month
(₹) =
Value of the variable in current month
× 100
Value of the variable in preceding month

January 22.00 =100

March 21.20 21.20

22.00
× 100 = 96.36

May 22.00 22.00

21.20
× 100 = 103.77

July 23.00 23.00

22.00
× 100 = 104.55

September 24.70 24.70

23.00
× 100 = 107.39

November 26.00 26.00

× 100 = 105.26
24.70

32. The following results are obtained from a bivariate data.

n = 10, Σ(x − x̄)(y − ȳ ) = 72, sx = 3 and Σ(y − ȳ )
2
= 160 Find the correlation
coefficient.
Ans. : From the available results, first we shall find sy .
−−−−− −− − − −−−−
2
Σ(y − ȳ ) 160
sy = √ = √
−−
= √16 = 4 Now, substituting the necessary values in the
n 10

Σ(x − x̄)(y − ȳ )
r =
nsx sy

72

following formula, =
10(3)(4)

72
=
120

∴ r = 0.6

33. If u = 5(x − 40), v = 2(y − 18) and byx = 1.6 , find the value of bvu .

Ans. : - If u = x−A and v = y −B then byx = bvu

- If and then
y−B cy
x−A
u = v = byx = bnu ⋅
cx cy cx

Since and
x−40 x−A y−18 y−B
u = 5(x − 40) = 1
= v = 2(y − 18) = 1
=
cx cy
5 2

1
( )
cy cx 5
2
byx = bvu ⋅ ∴ bvu = byx ⋅ = 1.6 × = 1.6 × = 0.64
cx cy 1 5
( )
2

34. State the merits of the method of moving average to measure trend.
Ans. : The merits of the method of moving average to measure trend are as
follows :
The effect of short-term component is eliminated to a large extent and
trend values of the time series are obtained.

Page 5
 In this method the calculation to find trend is easy and it is simple to
understand.
35. Write the sample space of a random experiment of randomly selecting any one
number from the natural numbers.
Ans. : The natural numbers are 1, 2, 3, … . If one number is randomly selected from
these numbers then the sample space will be as follows :
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, … . }

It should be noted here that this is an infinite sample space.

36. The mean and variance of a binomial distribution are 3.9 and 2.73 respectively.
Find the number of Bernoulli trials conducted in this distribution and write p(x) .
Ans. : Here, variance = npq = 2.73 and mean = np = 3.9 .
Variance 2.73
∴ q = = = 0.7 and p = 1 − q = 0.3
Mean 3.9

Now n =
np

p
=
Mean

p
=
3.9

0.3
= 13

Thus, the number of Bernoulli trials conducted in this distribution is 13. Since
n = 13, p = 0.3 and q = 0.7 in the distribution, its p(x) can be written as follow :
13 x 13−x
p(x) = Cx (0.3) (0.7) , x = 0, 1, 2, … . , 13.

37. 5

Find the value of

5
(x+h ) − x
lim h→0
h
.

5 5
(x+h ) − x
lim
h
h→0

(Taking x + h = t, when h → 0, t → x)

Ans. :
5 5
t −x
= lim (∵ x + h = t)
t−x
t→x

n n
5−1 x −a n−1
= 5(x) [∵ lim = na ]
x−a
x→a

4
= 5x

38. Find the value of lim x→2

2x+3
.
x−1

2x + 3 2(2) + 3
lim =
x→2 x−1 2−1

Ans. : 7
=
1

= 7

39. Find dy
for y = x
4
− 3x
2
+ 2x − 3
dx

Page 6
 4 2
y = x − 3x + 2x − 3

dy d 4 2
∴ = (x − 3x + 2x − 3)
dx dx
d d d d
4 2
= (x ) − (3x ) + (2x) − (3)
Ans. : dx dx dx dx
d d d d
4 2
= (x ) − 3 (x ) + 2 (x) − (3)
dx dx dx dx
3
= 4x − 3(2x) + 2(1) − (0)

3
= 4x − 6x + 2

Section D

* Answer The Following Questions as Directed. ( Write Any 8 ) [24]

40. The prices per unit R) of six food items in the year 2014 and 2015 are given in
the following table. Taking 2014 as the base year, compute the general index
number for the price of food items and state the overall rise in prices of these
food items.
Price per unit (₹) of the item
Item Unit
Year 2014 Year 2015
Bread Packet 25 28
Eggs Dozen 30 35
Ghee Tin 375 380
Milk Litre 36 40
Cheese Kilogram 440 500
Butter Kilogram 265 300
Ans. : A general index number for the price of these items for the current year
2015 is to be obtained with the base year 2014. We will find price relatives by
p
1

p0

taking base year price as p0 and current year price as p1 . The calculation is shown
in the following table :
Price of item (₹)
Item Price relative =
p1

p
0

p0 p1

Bread 25 28 28

25
= 1.1200

Eggs 30 35 35

30
= 1.1666

Ghee 375 380 380

375
= 1.0133

Milk 36 40 40

36
= 1.1111

Cheese 440 500 500

440
= 1.1364

Butter 265 300 1.1321

Total 6.6795

Page 7
 p1
Σ[ ]

General index number of six food items

p
0
I = × 100
n

6.6795
= × 100
6

= 111.33

∴ General price index number of six food items is I = 111.33.

It can be seen from the value of the index number I that there is an overall rise in
prices of food items by (111.33 — 100) = 11.33 % in the year 2015 as compared to
the year 2014.
41. The prices of three items A, B and C among five items have increased in the year
2015 by 90 %, 120 % and 70 % respectively with respect to the year 2010,
whereas the prices of two items D and E have decreased by 2 “/0 and 5 "a
respectively. Item A is four times important than item B and item C is six times
important than item A. The importance of items D and E is two and half times
the importance of item B. Compute the general price index number of the year
2015 for all the five items.
Ans. : The percentage increase and decrease in the prices of items is given here.
Similarly,the weight W of the items are the numbers showing their relative
[Link] the relative importance of item Bis [Link] the importance of
item A will be 4, importance of C will be 24 and that of D and E will be 2.5 [Link]
general price index number will be calculated as follows :
Percentage Index number
Weight
Item increase(+) I = (100 + increase) IW
W
decrease (-) = (100 - decrease)
A + 90 100+90=190 4 760
B + 120 100+120=220 1 220
C + 70 100+70=170 24 4080
D -2 100-2=98 2.5 245
E -5 100-5=95 2.5 237.5
Total 34 5542.5

ΣI W
General price index number =
ΣW
5542.5
=
34

= 163.0147

≃ 163.01

Thus, it can be said that there is a rise of(163.01 — 100) = 63.01 % in the prices in
the current year 2015 as compared to the base year 2014.

Page 8
42. The principal of a school has conducted a test for five students selected in a
sample to judge the relation between the knowledge of Mathematics and
memory ability in the subject of History of the students. The ranks given to
these five students in the subjects of Mathematics and History are given below.
Find the rank correlation coefficient between ranks of two subjects using this
information.
Student A B C D E
Rank in Mathematics 2 5 1 4 3
Rank in History 4 1 5 2 3
Ans. : Here, n =5 and the ranks are already given. So, we prepare the following
table to compute the rank correlation coefficient.
Student R_(x) R_(y) d=R_(x)-R_(y) d^(2)
A 2 4 -2 4
B 5 1 4 16
C 1 5 -4 16
D 4 2 2 4
E 3 3 0 0
Total - - 0 40

2
6Σd
r = 1−
n (n2 − 1)

6(40)
= 1−
5(25 − 1)

240
= 1−
120

= 1−2

∴ r = −1

Since the performance of five students in Mathematics and History are exactly in
opposite order, we get r = -1.
43. If x̄ = 5, ȳ = 11 and b = 1.2 , obtain the regression line of Y on .
X

Ans. : Here, b = 1.2, x̄ = 5 and ȳ = 11 .

Now, a = ȳ − bx̄
∴ a = 11 − 1.2(5)

= 11 − 6

∴ a = 5

We get the regression line of Y on X as follows.

^ = a + bx
y

∴ y
^ = 5 + 1.2x

Page 9
44. The following information is obtained for monthly advertisement cost and the
sales of the last year for a company providing online shopping:
Advertisement cost (ten Sales (lakh
Particulars
thousand ₹) ₹)
Mean 10 90
Standard
3 12
Deviation
r=0.8

Obtain the regression line of the sales on the advertisement cost.

Ans. : Here, X = Advertisement cost and Y = Sales
∴ x̄ = 10; ȳ = 90; Sx = 3; Sy = 12; r = 0.8

Now, b = r ∙
Sy

Sx

∴ b = 0.8 × 12

= 3.2
a = ȳ – bx̄
a = 90 – 3.2 (10)
= 90 – 32
= 58
The regression line of the sales (Y) on the advertisement cost (X):
Putting a = 58 and b = 3.2, in ŷ = a + bx, we get ŷ = 58 + 3.2x.
45. The number of accounts opened in different weeks in a branch of a certain bank
are given below. Find the trend using three-weekly moving averages.
Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
No. of accounts opened 26 27 26 25 22 24 25 23 22 21
Ans. :
Wee No. of accounts Three weekly Three weekly moving
kt opened y moving total average
1 26 - -
2 27 26+27+26=79 79

3
= 26.33

3 26 79-26+25=78 78

3
= 26

4 25 78-27+22=73 73

3
= 24.33

5 22 73-26+24=71 71

3
= 23.67

6 24 71-25+25=71 71

3
= 23.67

7 25 71-22+23=72 72

3
= 24

8 23 72-24+22=70 70

3
= 23.33

9 22 70-25+21=66 66

3
= 22

Page 10
 10 21 - -
46. 3 persons from medical profession and 5 persons from engineering profession
offer services at a social organization. 2 persons are randomly selected from
these persons with the purpose of forming a committee. Find the probability
that both the persons selected belong to the same profession.
Ans. : There are in all 3+5 = 8 persons. Hence, 2 persons can be selected in
8
C2 =
8×7

2×1
ways.
= 28

Thus, the total number of mutually exclusive, exhaustive and equi-probable

outcomes in the sample space is n = 28 .
Event that both the persons selected belong to medical profession = A
Even that both the persons selected belong to the engineering profession = B
Event that both the persons selected belong to the same profession = A ∪ B
The two events A and B can not occur together that is A ∩ B = ϕ
Thus, the events A and B are mutually exclusive. Hence, from the law of addition of
probability,
P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B)

For which we first find P (A) and P (B).

A = Event that both the persons selected belong to medical profession.

The number of favourable outcomes of A is m =

3
C2 = 3 .
Probability of event A P (A) =
m

3
=
28

B = Event that both the persons selected belong to engineering profession.

The number of favourable outcomes of B is m =
5
C2 = 10 .
Probability of event B P (B) =
m

10
=
28

Now,

P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B)

3 10
= +
28 28
3 + 10
=
28
13
=
28

Required probability =
13

28

47. The probability that a person from a group reads newspaper X is 0.55 , the
probability that he read newspaper Y is 0.69 and the probability that he reads
both the newspaper X and Y is 0.27 . Find the probability that a person selected
at random from this group.
(1) reads at least one of the newspapers X and Y .

Page 11
 (2) does not read any of the newspapers X and Y .
(3) reads only one of the newspapers X and Y .
Ans. : If the event that a person from the group reads newspaper X is denoted by
event A and reads newspaper Y by event B then the given information can be
shown as follows:
P (A) = 0.55, P (B) = 0.69, P (A ∩ B) = 0.27

(1) Event that the selected person reads at least one of the newspapers = A∪ B

From the law of addition of probability,

P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B) − P (A ∩ B)

= 0.55 + 0.69 − 0.27

= 0.97

Required probability = 0.97

(2) Event that the selected person does not read newspaper A = A
′

Event that the selected person does not read newspaper B = B ′

Hence, event that the selected person does not read any of the newspaper X and
Y = A ∩ B
′ ′
.
Probability of ′
A ∩ B
′

′ ′ ′
P (A ∩ B ) = P (A ∪ B)

= 1 − P (A ∪ B)

= 1 − 0.97

= 0.03

Required probability = 0.03

(3) If the event that the selected person reads only one of the newspapers X and Y

is denoted by C then the event C can occur as follows:

The person reads newspaper X (event A ) and does not read newspaper Y (event
B
′
)
OR
The person does not read newspaper X (event ′
A ) and reads newspaper Y (event
B )

Thus ′
C = (A ∩ B ) ∪ (A ∩ B)
′

Since the events A∩ B

′
and ′
A ∩ B are mutually exclusive,
′ ′
P (C) = P (A ∩ B ) + P (A ∩ B)

= [P (A) − P (A ∩ B)] + [P (B) − P (A ∩ B)]

= [0.55 − 0.27] + [0.69 − 0.27]

= 0.28 + 0.42

= 0.7

Required probability = 0.7

48. Two balanced dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability that at least
one of the two dice shows the number 3 .

Page 12
 Ans. : Event that the first die shows number 3 = A
Event that the second die shows number 3 = B
Event that at least one die shows number 3 = A ∪ B
The number of favourable outcome for event A is m = 1

Probability of event A P (A) = m

1
=
6

The number of favourable outcomes for event B is m = 1

Probability of event B P (B) =

m

1
=
6

Since the events A and B are independent, the events A

′
and ′
B are also
independent. Moreover, ′
P (A ) = 1 − P (A) = 1 −
1

6
=
5

6
and
′
P (B ) = 1 − P (B) = 1 −
1

6
=
5

6
.
Probability of the event that at least one die shows number 3 = P (A ∪ B)

′ ′
= 1 − P (A ∩ B )
′ ′
= 1 − [P (A ) × P (B )]

5 5
= 1−[ × ]
6 6

25
= 1−
36
11
=
36

Required probability −
11

36

49. A random variable X denotes the number of accidents per year in a factory and
the probability distribution of X is given below :
X=x 0 1 2 3 4
p(x) 4K 15 K 25 K 5K K
(i) Find the constant K and rewrite the probability distribution.
(ii) Find the probability of the event that one or two accidents will occur in this
factory during the year.
(iii) Find the probability that no accidents will take place during the year in the
factory.
Ans. : (i) By the definition of discrete probability distribution, we must have
p(0) + p(1) + p(2) + p(3) + p(4) = 1

That is 4K + 15K + 25K + 5K + K = 1

∴ 50K = 1

1
∴ K =
50

= 0.02

Page 13
 Thus, when K = 0.02 , the given distribution becomes a probability distribution of a
discrete variable, which is given below :
X=x 0 1 2 3 4 Total
p(x) 0.08 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.02 1
(ii) Probability of occurrence of one or two accidents
= P (X = 1) + P (X = 2)

= 0.30 + 0.50

= 0.80

(iii) Probability that accidents do not occur :

= P (X = 0)

= 0.08

50. Determine when the following distribution is a probability distribution of

discrete variable. Hence obtain the probability for x = 2 :
x
1
p(x) = c( ) , x = 1, 2, 3, 4
4

Ans. : Here,
2 3 4
1 1 1 1 1 1
p(1) = c ( ) , p(2) = c( ) = c( ) , p(3) = c( ) = c( ) , p(4) = c( )
4 4 16 4 64 4

1
= c( )
256

Now, total probability should be 1 for a discrete probability distribution.

p(1) + p(2) + p(3) + p(4) = 1

1 1 1 1
∴ c( ) +c( ) +c( ) +c( ) = 1
4 16 64 256

1 1 1 1
∴ c[ + + + ] = 1
4 16 64 256

85
∴ c[ ] = 1
256

256
∴ c =
85

Thus, when c = 256

85
, the given distribution becomes probability distribution of a
discrete variable.
Now, P (X = 2) = c(
2
1
)
4

256 1
= ×
85 16
16
=
85

∴ The probability of X = 2 is 16

85
.
51. The number of vehicles arriving at toll station during busy hours of national
highway follows normal distribution. The mean of this distribution is ,u and its
standard deviation is 0'. The number of vehicles arriving at two different busy
time periods are 88 and 64 and if the respective values of Z-score for these

Page 14
 values are 0.8 and -0.4 then find mean and standard deviation of number of
vehicles arriving at the toll station during busy period.
Ans. : Here, X = number of vehicles arriving at toll station during busy period. The
mean of this distribution is μ and its standard deviation is σ
X−μ
Z-score =
σ

When then therefore

88−μ
X = 88 Z = 0.8 0.8 =
σ

∴ 0.8σ = 88 − μ ⋯ ⋯ (1)

When X = 64 then Z = −0.4 therefore −0.4 =

64−μ

∴ −0.4σ = 64 − μ ⋯ ⋯ (2)

Solving equations (1) and (2),

0.8σ = 88 − μ

−0.4σ = 64 − μ

+ − +

1.2σ = 24

∴ σ = 20

By putting σ = 20 in equation (1), 0.8(20) = 88 − μ

∴ 16 = 88 − μ

∴ μ = 72

Thus. the mean of given data is μ = 72 vehicles and its standard deviation is σ = 20

vehicles.

Section E

* Answer The Following Questions as Directed. ( Write Any 3 ) [12]

52. The monthly income of workers working in a production house follows normal
distribution. Their average monthly income is ₹ 15,000 and standard deviation is
4000. (1) If a worker is selected at random then find the probability that his
monthly income is between ₹ 10,000 and ₹ 25,000. (2) Find the percentage of
workers having monthly income between ₹ 12,000 and ₹ 22,000 in the
production house.
Ans. :

Page 15
53. The average weight of grown up children living in a large society is 50 kg and its
standard deviation is 5 kg. If their weight follows normal distribution and a
grown up child is selected at random then find (1) the probability that his
weight is between 55 kg and 65 kg. (2) the probability that his weight is between
35 kg and 45 kg.
 Ans. :

54. Find lim x→1

1
, x ∈ R − {1} by tabular method.
x−1

Ans. : We have f (x) = . We shall take the values of

1

x−1
x very near to 1 and prepare
a table in the following way :
x f(x) x f(x)
0.9 -10 1.1 10
0.99 -100 1.01 100
0.999 -1000 1.001 1000
0.9999 -10000 1.0001 10000
. . . .
 . . . .
. . . .
It is clear from the table that when the value of x is brought nearer to 1 by
increasing or decreasing its value, the value of f (x) does not approach to a
particular value. That is, when x → 1, f (x) does not tend to a particular value. Thus,
limit of the function does not exist.
∴ lim x→1
1

x−1
does not exist.
55. If the production cost function for a producer is C = 100 + 0.015x
2
and revenue
function is R = 3x then find the profit function. How many units should be
produced by the producer for maximum profit ?

Ans. : Production cost function C = 100 + 0.015x

2
and revenue function R = 3x

Now, profit function P = R − C

2
= 3x − (100 + 0.015x )

2
∴ P = 3x − 100 − 0.015x

dP
∴ = 3 − 0.015(2x)
dx

= 3 − 0.03x

Putting dP

dx
= 0

3 − 0.03x = 0

3 = 0.03x

3
x =
0.03

x = 100

∴ 3 = 0.03x

3
∴ x =
0.03

Now
2
d P
2
= 0 − 0.03(1)
dx

= −0.03

Here putting in
2

x = 100
d

dx
P
2
,
2
d P
2
= −0.03 < 0
dx

∴ At x = 100 , profit is maximum.

Section F

* Calculate The Following Sums In Detail. ( Write Any 4 ) [20]

56. The details of expenses on fuel for a group of workers of a region are as follows
:
Base year 2012 Year 2014
Item
Quantity Price per unit (₹) Price per unit (₹)
Coal 5 Kilogram 25 30
 Kerosene 20 Litre 40 45
Wood 5 Kilogram 22 25
Match-box 10 Boxes 0.90 1

Prepare the index number of the group of fuel expenditure from these data. If
the expenditurefor food, clothing, house rent and miscellaneous groups in the
year 2015 are 3, 2.5, 4.5 and3.25 times respectively that of the year 2012, and if
the expenditures on these groups are42 %, 15 %, 10 % and 12 % respectively of
the total expenditure then prepare the cost ofliving index number for the
workers.
Ans. : First of all, we shall prepare the group index number for fuel-expenditure
from its details. We will take the base year 2012 and obtain the index number by
total expenditure method.
Note : The method of family budget can also be used here for calculation.

Σp1 q0
Index number for fuel expenditure = × 100
Σp0 q0

1185
= × 100
1044

= 113.5057

≃ 113.51

The expenditure for the groups of food, clothing, house rent and miscellaneous
are 3, 2.5, 4.5 and 3.25 times respectively than the base year. Hence, the index
numbers of these four groups are (3× 100) = 300; (2.5 × 100) = 250; (4.5 × 100) = 450

and (3.25 × 100) = 325 respectively. The index number of fuel category is obtained
as 113.51 . We will take the percentage expenditure for all the five groups as the
weights for their corresponding index numbers to find the cost of living index
number.
 The expenditures for the groups of food, clothing, house rent and miscellaneous
are given here as ,
42% 15%, 10% and 12% respectively. These will be taken as their
respective weights W . Total expenditure is 100% . Hence, the weight for fuel
expenditure index number will be 100 − (42 + 15 + 10 + 12) = 21% .
The calculation of cost of living index number is as follows.

ΣI W
Cost of living index number =
ΣW
27133.71
=
100

= 271.3371

≃ 271.34

Thus, it can be said that there is a rise of (271.34 − 100) = 171.34% in the cost of
living in the current year as compared to the base year.
57. The details of monthly sale of mobile phones (in thousand units) and its profit
(in lakh ₹) for the last six months for a company making mobile phones are
given below.
No. of mobile phones sold (thousand units) x 3 8 12 5 7 5
Profit (lakh ₹) y 6 10 15 10 9 8

Find the correlation coefficient between ‘number of mobile phones sold’ and its
‘profit’.

Ans. : Here, n = 6, x̄ = Since the means x̄ and ȳ

Σx 40 Σy 58
= = 6.67, ȳ = = = 9.67
n 6 n 6

are fractional and the values of X and Y are not very large, we can compute r as
follows.
 nΣxy − (Σx)(Σy)
r = −−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−
√nΣ x2 − (Σx)2 ⋅ √nΣ y 2 − (Σy )2

6(431) − (40)(58)
= −−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
√6(316) − (40) ⋅ √6(606) − (58)

2586 − 2320
= −−−−−−− −−− −−−−−−− −−−
√1896 − 1600 ⋅ √3636 − 3364

266
= −−− −−−
√296 ⋅ √272

266
= −−−−−
√80512

266
=
283.7464

= 0.9375

∴ ≃ 0.94

We can see that the value of r is close to 1. Thus, there is a high degree of positive
correlation between sale of mobile phones and its profit.
58. In order to study the relation between the performance of students of a school
in terms of marks in the subjects of Gujarati and Statistics, the following data
are collected by taking a sample of six students.
Marks in Gujarati x 65 72 66 70 72 69
Marks in Statistics y 90 95 88 92 85 90

Compute the correlation coefficient between the marks obtained by the

students in two subjects from this data.

Ans. : Here, n = 6, x̄ = Σx Σy 540

414
= = 69, ȳ = = = 90
n 6 n 6

Since both the means x̄ and ȳ are integers, we can obtain r as follows.
 Σ(x − x̄)(y − ȳ )
r = −−−−−−−− −−−−−− − −
√Σ(x − x̄)2 ⋅ √Σ(y − ȳ )2

8
= −− −−
√44 ⋅ √58

8
= −−−−
√2552

8
=
50.5173

= 0.1584

∴ r ≃ 0.16

We can see that the value of r is close to 0. Thus, there is low degree of positive
correlation between the marks of students in these two subjects.
59. In order to determine the relationship between monthly income (in thousand ₹)
and monthly expenditure (in thousand ₹) of people of a group, a sample of
seven persons is taken from that group and the following information is
obtained.
Person 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Monthly income (thousand ₹) 60 70 64 68 62 65 72
Monthly expenditure(thousand ₹) 50 59 57 50 53 58 60

Obtain the regression line of monthly expenditure on monthly income. If a

person of the group has monthly income of ₹ 75 thousand, estimate his monthly
expenditure.
Ans. : Since the regression line of monthly expenditure on monthly income is to be
obtained, we shall take 'monthly expenditure' as variable Y and 'monthly income'
as variable X .
Here, x̄ = and
Σx 461 Σy 387
= = 65.86 ȳ = = = 55.29
n 7 n 7

So, by taking A = 65 and B = 55 , we can define u and v as follows.

u = x − A = x − 65 and v = y − B = y − 55
b can be obtained by short-cut method as follows.

nΣuv − (Σu)(Σv)
b = byx = bvu =
nΣ u2 − (Σu)2

7(69) − (6)(2)
=
7(118) − (6)2

483 − 12
=
826 − 36

471
=
790

= 0.5962

∴ b ≃ 0.60

Now, a = ȳ − bx̄

= 55.29 − 0.60(65.86)

= 55.29 − 39.516

= 15.774

∴ a = 15.77

So, the regression line of Y on X is

^ = a + bx
y

∴ ^ = 15.77 + 0.60x
y

Putting X = 75 ,

^ = 15.77 + 0.60(75)
y

= 15.77 + 45

= 60.77

∴ ^ = 60.77
y
 So, if a person has monthly income of ₹ 75 thousand, his approximate monthly
expenditure is ₹60.77 thousand.
60. The dropout rate of students of standard 1 to 5 from primary schools of a
district is as follows :
Year 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
Dropout
3.24 2.98 2.29 2.2 2.09 2.07 2.04
rate
Estimate the dropout rate for students from standard 1 to 5 for the year 2016-
17 and 2017-18 by fitting a linear equation for trend.
Ans. : The data are given for n = 7 years. We will thus denote the given years as
t = 1, 2, … , 7 respectively.

Calculations for fitting linear trend

 Σt 28 Σy 16.91
t̄ = = = 4, ȳ = = = 2.4157 ≃ 2.42
n 7 n 7

nΣty−(Σt)(Σy)
b = 2
2
nΣt −(Σt)

7×62.02−28×16.91
= 2
7×140−(28)

434.14−473.48
=
980−784

−39.34
=
196

= −0.2007

≃ −0.2

a = ȳ = b ī

= 2.42 − (−0.2) × 4

= 2.42 + 0.8

= 3.22

Equation for trend y

^ = a + bt

^ = 3.22 + (−0.2)t
∴ y

= 3.22 − 0.2t

We take t = 8 for the year 2016 − 17 .

^ = 3.22 − 0.2 × 8
∴ y

= 3.22 − 1.6

= 1.62

We take t = 9 for the year 2017 − 18 .

∴ y
^ = 3.22 − 0.2 × 9

= 3.22 − 1.8

= 1.42

Thus, the estimates of dropout rates for the students of standard 1 to 5 in this
district for the years 2016 − 17 and 2017 − 18 are 1.62 and 1.42 respectively.
61. The profit earned (in lakh ₹) by a company making computers is as follows. Find
the linear equation for the trend from these data by least square method and
estimate the profit for the year 2017.

Year 2,011 2,012 2,013 2,014 2,015

Profit(Lakh₹) 31 35 39 41 44
Ans. : The values of profit are given for n = 5 years. We will thus denote the given
years as t = 1 , 2, … , 5 respectively.
Calculation for fitting linear trend
 2
Y ear P rof ity t t ty

2011 31 1 1 31

2012 35 2 4 70

2013 39 3 9 117

2014 41 4 16 164

2015 44 5 25 220

T otal 190 15 55 602

Σt 15 Σy 190 nΣty − (Σt)(Σy) 5 × 602 − 15 × 190

t̄ = = = 3, ȳ = = = 38 b = =
2 2
n 5 n 5 nΣ t − (Σt) 5 × 55 − (15)2

3010 − 2850 160

= = = 3.2 a = y − b t̄ = 38 − 3.2 × 3 = 38 − 9.6 = 28.4 Equation for
275 − 225 50

trend ^ = a + bt
y ^ = 28.4 + 3.2t
∴ y We take t = 7 for the year 2017 .

∴ ^ = 28.4 + 3.2 × 7
y

= 28.4 + 22.4

= 50.8

∴ y
^ = ₹50.8 lakh

Thus, the estimated trend value of profit for the year 2017 is ₹50.8 lakh.
----- -----