DETER) MINATION OF WetGuT oF AN OBE PRI OF Ecevit NCIPLE OF MOMENTS Aim Date ‘Yo determine the wo) apparatus required: at ofan object Using the principle of moments, Anette scale, a knife ody Aine ge, slotted Weights, thread, 4, Ametre seale is Supporte tied to its centre so that ¢ equilibrium position, Aknown weight W, a Ang he woe Seay Wwknown weight Wy are Suspended from to either side of the seale 4, 4 —x—__ Ape os 1 wy, Fix the position of one weight hanger and adjust the position of the second weight hanger such ‘T USING THE dd ALIS contre of gravity by a Qe pended ga thread ocean gravity by a knife suspended by wwinga thread hehorizontal position, Ensure that the seale ts \n 3, that the scale is in equitibrium. 4, — Measure the distance di and daof the two, weight hangers (rom the centre of the seale accurately 5. The for different positions of the unknown weight. Measure the distances Unknown weightDETERMINATION OF FOCAL LENGTH OF A CONVEX LENS Exercise No: 2 pate _Ain: To determine the focal length ofa convex lens by using 1, Distant object method 2. uv method apparatus required: A convex lens, stand, wire gauze object, screen and measuring scale. Formula: ewe | : . (uty) Here,u is the distance betweenthe object (light source) and the convex lens. vis the distance of the image (screen) from the convex lens. fis the focal length of the convex lens, A Distant object Method: : ‘ Fix the given convex lens vertically on the stand and place it on the table near an open window of the laboratory. Locate a distant object (tree or building) through the open window. f ce iton the table. ens (sa ata distance greater th3, Place the scree x Non th inverted and di We right sid mi le of the « C1 nished image, © CONVEX Hens and adjust its position Lo Mok A shar, 4. Measure the distan: z Sncasure the distance between the screen and the lens (Vv): Repeat the same same procedi as lure, by changing the distance of the object (u) and tabulate your opservation: Focal len; igth of the convex lens (By distance object method) Is ( 12cm, = 2hem, Distance between | Focal length of convex lens | t= em \ Jens (v) cm (uty) ~ 10.40 10.47 a 10.47 \ aK 1057 4047 h material ofthe given coil of wire. battery, key, ‘ammeter, voltmeter, rheostat andCirewie Diagram: Connect the battery, ammeter, given wire, rheostat and key in series, 25 shown in the circuit Connect the voltmeter in parallel to the unknown resistor. Close the key and hence the circuit is closed. Adjust the rheostat such that the ammeter reads a current of 0.5 ampere. Note down the potential difference across the resistor as shown by the voltmeter. ‘Adjust the rheostat and change the current in steps of 0.5A (that is 0.5A, L.0A, 5A, etc). For each current, note down the corresponding potential difference as shown by the Tabulate the observations. Measure the diameter of the wire using a screw gauge. Measure the length of the coil using metre scale. Observations;Radiusof th i ewite,r= ates 049 Area of Cross section of the ae ie oa 2 Length of the wire L ire, A= mr? = 0,196me =1m Resistivity o' hater =P=|—| R=0.196 x ssistivity of the rial of the wire =p = 196 p jr . 4 a =0,9212 Om e resistivity of the material of the wire = 0.92120m CHEMISTRY ENTIFY T! D HE orn OF THE GIVEN SALT WHETHER IT IS OTHERMIC OR ENDOTHERMIC xercise No: 4 Date: yim: To test the dissolution of given salt is exothermic or endothermic. principle: 4. _ Ifthe reaction or process liberates the heat, then tis called exothermic. 2, Ifthe reaction or process absorbs the heat, then itis called endothermic. Apparatus required: Two beakers, thermometer, stirrer, weighed amount oftwo samples. procedure: Aand B. 4, Take 50 ml of water in two beakers and label them as Note the temperature of the water from beaker Aand B. 2. 3. Then, add 5g of sample A into the beaker A and stir well until it dissolve completely. 4, Record final temperature of the solution. 5, Now, repeat the same for the sample B. 6. __ Record the observation. Inference (temperature increases or decreases) hysiroxide is Exothermic reaction. Nitrate is endothermic reaction. e, calcium oxide etc. May be given as the sample: X- PracF THE SALT TESTING THE SOLUBILITY © eas Bxorvise Noy § Alm: saturation of the solution a To tost the solubility ofthe given salt based on the saturation ands f glven temperature, Principle: ven tem Ivent ata given temperature 1, solution in which no more solute can be dissolved In mele called saturated solution, ution is called 2 Ifthe solvent can dissolve more solute than what Is presents the 5° ‘unsaturated solition, Materials Required: ring jar, table sal A250 ml beakor, a stirrer, sufficient quantity of distilled water, OE ballad ons three packets Weighing ax 25g, Ug and 1g. Procedure: 1, 14250 mb beaker, pour 100 ml water using measuring Ja- 2 "To this water add table salt (25g) from first packet. 3 Stir the content very well, 4 Add the next packet containing 11g salt followed by constant stirring. Nowa the third packet containing 1g salt. 6 Record your observations,~~ THE w, No: 6 AT sorts? ER OF HYDRATION OF SALT a To check whether the iven sa presence of water molecules ; nthe ga osseses ciple: drated sal Water of crystallization or water molecules are Patt of Present inside t) Eg:Crystalline copper Sulphate Cy: yaterials Required: Date: ‘Water of Hydration’ or not. To verify the It. ydration is the Phenomenon shown by certain salts in which he crystals are responsible for their colour and geometry ui 04.5120, Apinch of crystalline Copper sulphate ina te ‘ procedure: ‘st tube, tongs, spirit lamp, 1. Apinch of crystalline copper sulph; i tube and heated for ‘niet ag 2, Water droplets are seen on the inner walls of the test tube. 3, This shows that the given salt contains water of crystallization. a If the above observation is not noticed for the given salt, the water of hydration is absent. calculation: i Heating 4+ 5H20 CuSO4.5H20 oolnes CuSO4+ SHaI Blue colour ColourlessOF ACID OR TEST THE GIVEN SAMPLE FOR THE PRESENCE Bass Date: Exercise No: 7 Aim: To identify the presence of an acid or a base in a given sample. Materials Required: carbonate salt and ange, sodium car! Test tubes, test tube stand,glass rod, phenolphthalein, methyl orang the given sample, Prificiple: ' ee et Inacid medium ~ inbasemedium | is .| Phenolphthalein is colourless, Phenolphthalein i eaitainn | .| Methyl orange is pink in colour. | 2.| Methyl orange is ye! See GIUL .| Sodium carbonate gives brisk 3. Sodium carbonate does not g) | effervescence. effervescence. pink in colour, | x il i Observation Inference (Acid | i (Colour change) / Base) Beal i eee ea ai and Nochangeincolour. | Presence of acid Take 5 ml of the test solution ina test tube and | Solution Turns pink in Presence of acid add a few drops of Methyl Orange in it. colour. EEE | } | 0 Sa ee Bend Bick efervsscence _ | Presence of acia | Inference (Acid Hf Base) Presence of base Presence of base Presence of baseot - BOTANY pHOTOSYNTHESIs - : fled TUBE AND FUNNEL EXPERIMENT MONSTRATION) 5 cise No: 8 Fg To prove that oxygen is evolyeq duri ial required: ~ Bs ‘rest tube, funnel, beaker, Date: 8 Photosynthesis, Pond water and Hydrilla plant. Take a few twi igs of 2 es Hydrilla plant in a beaker containing pond Wwerted funnel over the plant, eee Invert a test tube fill 5 led with water over the stem of the funnel. Keep ipparatus in the ‘Sunlight for few hours. be the top of the test tube and it displaces i ‘the mouth of the test tube. X- PracticalPARTS OF A FLOWER Exercise No: 9 Date: Alm: To dissect and display the parts of the glven flower and observe the Calyx, Corolla, Androeciuty, and Gynovelum, Draw labelled sketches, Materials required; Flower, needle and paper. Procedure: ; ; With the help of the needle dissect the different whorls of the flower. Floral Parts e Accessory organ Androecium - Male part of the flower } Raraave gas ~_ Gynoecium Female part of the ower I Draw an fate the parts fthe Rewer.7 EES MONOHYBRID CROSS sportise No: 10 wi Date: To study the mono} yatio snd genous ie ingen pag nga! A peture / photograph. To Rnd out the phentyn re er board, ict parent; Depict pi al generation and the gametes Using colour chalk pieces. pefinition: “q ‘ ; is } Allthe F1 hybrid plants were ashes Pure breedingdwar pant (Ty, 4, _ Selfing the F1 hybrid plants resu ited in tall and dwarf plants in F2 generation. (Pure tall) (Dwarf) Parents: TT tt Gametes: F, Monohybrid Tt (Heterozygous tall) AL selfing X- PractOBSERVATION oF TRANSVERSE SECTION OF DICOT STEM AND DICOT ROOT Exercise No; 11 Date: Aim: To observe transverse se of Dicot Stem / Dicot Root from permanent slides. Observation; A. The given slide is identified as TS of Dicot Stem. Reasons: 1 Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring. 2, Conjoint, collateral, endarch and open vascular bundle. 3; Ground tissued differentiated into cortex, endodermis, pericycle and pith. 4. 3 to 6 layer of collenchymas tissues present in hypodermis. Observation: B. The given slide is identified as T.S of Dicot Root. 1, Radial vascular bundle, 2. 2 to 4 xylem present, 3. Cortex is made up of parenchymatous cell. Reasons; 4: Vascular bundle are radial. 2 Xylem is exarch and Tetrarch 3: Casparian strips and passage cells are present in endodermis 4. Cortex is made up of parenchymatous cells Epidermal hair — Cuticle Epidermis Collenchyma Chiorenchyma Parenchynia Endodermis —— Phioem )-~— tambium Xylem PithBIV - ZOOLOGY OBSERVATION 9 F MODELS - HUMA\ cee N HEART AND Hi Identiti ae ae en! Exercise No: 12 cation of longitudinal section (L.S) of the human heart. Aim: To observe and draw a labelled sketch of Es £1. of human h ee Materials required :Model showing the LS of human a oo es Observation : ‘The given model is identified as LS. of human heart 1 ‘The human heart has four chambers. It is made up of two auricles and two ventricles. 2 The auricles are separated by net ‘oe interauricular spetum and Palmot ak ventricles are separated by eas interventricular septum. It prevents the mixing of oxygenated = “#™"s™ aries and decoxygenated blood. eer 3. Tricuspid valve - It is located Lisertd eer between the right auricle andthe ——yrjcuspia valve Dicuspid valve right ventricle. 7 Fee Right ventricle Left veutricle 4 Bicuspid valve -Itis located Vee between the left auricle and the left vent Inferior venaeava cardiac muscle * eart is covered by a protective Internal structure of human heart _. double walled membrane called dio} hose ium. 6. ‘The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body. Identification of L.S of the human brain tch of LS of human brain and comment on it. activities. embrane or meninges: Duramater Arachnoid ly forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. X- PractIDENTIFICATION OF BLOOD CELLS Exercise No; 13 Date: fe the given aide Aim: Identification of blood cells (Red blood cells and white blood cells). To draw a neat labelled diagram and write anote on the blood cells identified. Materials required: r Permanent prepared [Link] blood cells, Mic >10 re Adéntification: 2. __ The given slide is identified as Red blood cells: |=; ei Pty ire biconcave and disc shaped, Ory % 2. They are also known as. erythrocytes, 3. Mature mammalian RBC’s do not have nucleus, y Haemoglobin is a respiratory Pigment which gives red colour, 5. _Ittransports oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon - dioxide from tissues to lungs, Red Blood Cells b. The given slide is identified as White blood cells: NbTes poels WBCs are colourless and they have nucleus, ‘They are also known as Leucocytes, i 2, gland is identified as Islets of Langerhans in the Pancreas. » seen embedded in the pancreas which is located in the it in liver and muscles. | (80 - 120 mg/dl) by their antagonistic X-Practicals