SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, South Cotabato

GENERAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

___________________________________________________

LEARNING MODULE
FOR
GE 119: LIFE AND WORKS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL

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WEEK 1

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 COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE CODE : GE 119

TITLE : Life and Works of Dr. Jose Rizal
TARGET POPULATION : All First Year Student
INSTRUCTOR : Rommel A. Sorongon, LPT
charmel161@[Link]
Enrico G. Balbanida

Overview:

This course deals with the life, works and writings of national hero Jose P. Rizal. It puts
emphasis on the impact of his martyrdom and to present a critical view of the social order
in which he lived, his opinions on nationalism, government, religion as well as his
philosophy of life through an analysis of his works and letters and relevance of these
ideas to contemporary Philippine scene.

Objectives:

General Objective

 Learn and understand the life of Dr. Jose P. Rizal from his birth to his martyrdom.
 Analyze the impact of Rizal’s life in relation to his contribution on the socio-political
situation of the Philippines then and the present time.
 Critically understand Rizal’s heroism and realize the significance of his ideas in the
present time
 Interpret the selected poem, essays and novels and its impact to socio-political situation
during the past and present time.

The following are the topics to be discussed

Week 1 Vision, Mission, Classroom and School Policies

INTRODUCTION
Week 2 1st MAJOR PERIODS IN THE LIFE OF DR. JOPSE RIZAL (BIRTH AND
BOYHOOD)
Week 3 2nd MAJOR PERIODS 1872-1882 (EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS)
Week 4 GRADUATED WITH HIGHEST HONOURS
Week 5 3rd MAJOR PERIODS 1882-1892 (FIRST AND SECOND TRAVEL ABROAD)

Instruction to the Learners

Each chapter in this module contains a major lesson involving the Rizal’s life and [Link] units
are characterized by continuity, and are arranged in such a manner that the present unit is related to the
next unit. For this reason, you are advised to read this module. After each unit, there are exercises to be
given. Submission of task will be given during your scheduled class hour.

Let me ask you two simple questions and you decide for yourself. All answer is accepted.
Answers should be composed of 5 sentences. Use the Rubric below as your guide. Write your
answer in a 1 whole sheet of paper. (Hand Written)

1. Who chose Rizal to be our country’s national hero?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. Why Jose Rizal is the National Hero

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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Level Description
Outstanding Well written and very organized. Excellent grammar mechanics. Clear and
concise statements. Excellent effort and presentation with detail.
Demonstrates a thorough understanding of the topics.
Value: 9-10
Level Description
Good Writes fairly clear. Good grammar mechanics. Good presentation and
organization.
Sufficient effort and detail.
Value: 7-8
Level Description
Fair Minimal effort. Good grammar mechanics. Fair presentation. Few
supporting details.
Value: 6
Level: Description
Poor Somewhat unclear. Shows little effort. Poor grammar mechanics.
Confusing and incomplete sentences. No organization of thoughts.
Value: 4-5
Level: Description
Very Poor Lacking effort. Very poor grammar mechanic. Very unclear. Doesn’t
address topic. Limited attempt.
Value: 1-3
10 points Rubric

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 WEEK 1
VISION
A premier institution that provides quality education and globally empowered individuals.

MISSION
To produce competent, community-oriented and globally competitive individuals through
holistic education.

CORE VALUES
 Service
 Excellence
 Accountability
 Innovation
 Teamwork

SEAIT HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The South East Asian Institute of Technology, Inc. located at National Highway, Crossing
Rubber, Tupi, South Cotabato, was founded by Engr. Reynaldo S. Tamayo, Jr. and co-founded by
Rochelle P. Tamayo, his wife, in 2006. Mr. and Mrs. Reynaldo S. Tamayo, Jr. were Department of
Science and Technology (DOST) scholars in Bachelor of Information Technology at Cebu
Institute of Technology. They wish to help the youth in Tupi to earn their college degree so they
can become productive citizens of the country.
Strongly driven by deep commitment to contribute to nation-building by creating a landmark
of social development through education in Tupi, the couple planned to realize this particular
dream with the all-out support of the entire Tamayo family. With the Tamayo family as the
couple’s stronghold, they thought of opening a higher education institution in 2006. However,
they decided to open first a technical-vocational school in the said year.
The school was named SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC. or SEAIT.
The name was anchored in the vision offering quality education to impact not only in the region
but also in the South East Asian countries. At first, the school offered Computer Programming
NC-IV and Computer Hardware Servicing NC II. With respective certificates from the TESDA XII,
SEAIT offered Computer Programming NC-IV and Computer Hardware Servicing NC-I in 2006.
After a year, Hotel and Restaurant Management was added to its program offerings.
The couple manage to upgrade SEAIT in 2008. They added BSIT with very affordable tuition
and other fees per semester. As the year past, SEAIT continue to grow and offered more courses
until today. It also provided assistance and scholarship grants from Tulong-Dunong and CHED to
help the youth in the municipality value affordable and quality education. And in 2016, the
Universal Financial Assistance for Tertiary Education (UNIFAST) became an “amazing come on
among higher education institutions, including SEAIT, in the region.
As an educational institution, SEAIT has existed for 15 years. It has graduated 12 batches in
college. It is known for its Information Technology niche as this is the field of specialization of
the founder and co-founder. It is also known for its Civil Engineering program as this is the field
of specialization of the parents of the founder and the current president.

ACADEMIC POLICIES
A. Academic Rights: Every students has the right to receive competent instruction and
relevant quality education.
B. General Enrolment Procedures: All prospective students with their necessary credentials
must enrol during the prescribed registration period. To facilitate registration, students
should read guidelines posted online via SEAIT official page or on the bulletin board and
be guided by the registration procedures.
C. Class Attendance: Every student is required prompt and regular attendance. Tardiness
and absences are recorded from the first day of classes. There is a corresponding
sanction with a multiple absences or tardiness.
D. Examination and Grading System: There are 3 major examination administered every
semester, namely Prelim, Midterm, and Final Examination. The registrar determines the
schedule of the major examination. Grading System: 40% Quizzes; 20% Class Standing;
40% Examination.
E. Graduating with Latin Honors: The office of the Registrar in close coordination with the
Office of the Vice President for Academics shall determine and recommend to the
administrator a student who completes his baccalaureate degree with honors provided
with standard qualifications.

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 F. Student Fees: Includes the registration and other fees.
G. Scholarship Programs: The school recognizes excellence in academic achievement. This
is manifested in its scholarship programs given to deserving students. Other
scholarships funded by the Government and private benefactors are acknowledged
provided that a Memorandum of Agreement has been duly processed and approved by
the School President.

NON-ACADEMIC POLICIES
A. Code of Discipline for Students: The rules and regulations of the institution are intended
to maintain the order necessary for an academic environment and to ensure an
atmosphere conducive to the formation of values for men and women and for others.
B. School Identification Card (SID): SID cards will be issued and validated by the SAO upon
enrolment. Student is required to wear his SID card at all times while he is within the
school premises.
C. Uniforms/Dress Code: The school uniform must be worn with respect and dignity. Only
students wearing the prescribed uniform will be allowed to enter the school premises and
the classroom.
D. Prescribed haircut for Criminology students: Female- 2/3 (hairnet shall be used to those
who don’t want to cut their hair; Male- 2/0

CLASS POLICIES
1. Awareness of intended audience
(e.g. classes are meant for students currently enrolled in the course and you must not enter or
share a class meeting with someone unauthorized)
2. General etiquette
(e.g. mute microphones when not speaking, raise hand virtually to ask question, turn off camera
if you're stepping away)
3. Discussion
(e.g. you can disagree with others but should do so respectfully and constructively)
4. Privacy
(e.g. students should consult with the instructor to receive permission to record the class)
5. Communicate instances of disruptive behaviors to the proper instructor, faculty member,
or escalate the complaint when necessary.

INTRODUCTION TO LIFE AND WORKS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL

“Our liberty will not be secured at the sword’s point. We must secure it by making
ourselves worthy of it. And when the person reaches that height, God will provide a
weapon, the idols will be shattered, tranny will crumble like a house of cards, and
liberty will shine out like the first dawn”
-Dr. Jose [Link]

RIZAL LAW

The Rizal law, also known as RA 1425, mandates the, study of Rizal’s life and works, as
known in section 1. This Republic Act calls for an increased sense of nationalism from the
Filipinos during a time of a dwindling republic act is a law that has already been passed and
implemented. In contact to this, a bill is merely a proposed law, in others words it may or may
not be passed by the Congress.

The Republic Act was signed by the President on June 12, 1956. From the notes preceding

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the body of the document, one may infer that the bill was originally proposed in the Legislative
arm of the Philippine Republic, in the Senate and House of the Representatives. According to
the official Gazzete, the law was made effective thirty days after its implementation. The mere
fact that the Act was passed on the date of our independence seeks to stir up a greater sense of
fervor in the Filipino, believe in their own country and national identity- who we are as a nation.
It was the time when the Philippines were heavily dependent on the American government for
support and guidance. Also, based on the fact that Jose Rizal is honored by the Philippines as
the Philippine Hero, it is but appropriate that the document written to commemorate his
accomplishments written here, in the land of his birth.

Another important point from RA 1425 is “Whereas, all education institutions are under the
supervision of, and subject to regulation by the State, and all schools are enjoined to develop
moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience, and to teach the duties of citizenships.” It
is important to use our educational institutions to instill these values to the children who are at
their prime years of growing 0and learning. During one’s educational years especially the
college level is when individuals formulate their priorities make students realize that the country
should be a part of their priorities and serving one’s country is an innate and inborn duty for all.
Also embedding a profound and authentic moral character and a strong sense of personal
discipline in the youth would yield proficient, genuine, and selfless Filipinos of the future who
would turn the Philippines from an impoverished country to a globally competitive nation.

THE BIRTH OF FIIPINO NATIONALISM

The rise of the Filipino nation was slow but inevitable. Even in the pre-Spanish era the
Filipinos were already possessed of qualities and traits for nationhood- a common love for
freedom. Spain, unwittingly, helped to unite the Filipinos by giving them the Christian religion,
the Spanish civilization, and a centralized government. Unfortunately, the growth of nationalism
was slow because of the difficulty in social and economic intercourse among them. But the
nineteenth century saw the flowering of the national spirit stimulated by the following influences:
(1.) The opening of the Philippines to world trade, (2) the rise of an enlightened middle class, (3)
the Spanish revolution of 1868, (4) the opening of the Suez Canal, (5) the influx of liberal ideas,
(6) the Cavite Mutiny of 1872, and (7) the martyrdom of Fathers Burgos, Gomez, and Zamora.

Opening of the Philippines to World Trade. The opening of the nineteenth century was
Europe adopting a more liberal commercial policy. Spain, following the example of other
European powers, liberalized her economic policy in the Philippines by permitting foreign firms
to do business in Manila. In 1809, the first English firm was established in the city. By 1859,
there were fifteen foreign firms in Manila, of which seven were English, three American, two
French, two Swiss, and one German.

In the year 1834, Manila was officially opened to world trade. In later years more ports were
thrown open to world commerce, such as Sual, Iloilo, and Zamboanga in 1855; Cebu in 1860;
Legaspi and and Tacloban in 1873.

Owing to contact with the world trade, the Philippines experience a remarkable progress in
agriculture, trade, and industry. There was material prosperity, and the people enjoyed a higher
standard of living. With material prosperity came political awakening. Then, too, contact with the
outside world broadened the people’s minds and made them conscious of the evils of Spain’s
colonial administration.

Rise of an enlightened middle class. Material prosperity produced an enlightened middle

class, consisting of well-to-do farmers, teachers, lawyers, physicians, writers and government
employees. They read books and newspaper discussed political problems and reforms, and
sent their children to colleges and universities in Manila and abroad.
From the enlightened middle class came the leading intellectuals of the country and patriots of

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the propaganda movement who stirred the Philippines into revolutions. Dr. Jose Rizal, Marcelo
H. Del Pilar, the Luna brothers (Juan and Antonio) Jose Ma. Panganiban, Mariano Ponce,
Graciano Lopez-Jaena and Dr. Pedro A. Paterno were among such men.

The Spanish Revolution of [Link] September 19, 1863, a revolution broke out in Cadiz,
Spain, against the autocratic rule of Queen Isabella II 9 (1836-1868), led by two able generals-
Serrano and Prim. The revolutionist took advantage of the time when the queen, with her family
and court, was vacationing at San Sebastian, a seaside resort in Spain. The queen unable to
stem the tide of a revolution that had the support of the nation, fled to France, and the Spanish
patriots, flushed with victory, established provisional government, with General Serrano as
reagent.

The triumph of liberalism in Spain echoed in her colonies across the seas. Colonial officials
with democratic ideas were sent to Manila and the Filipinos soon enjoyed the blessings denied
to them before-religious toleration, freedom of assembly, freedom of speech, and freedom of
the press.

Opening of the Suez Canal (1869).The opening of the Suez Canal to the world shipping
on November 17, 1860, greatly affected the course of the Philippine History. The Canal built by
Ferdinand de Lesseps, a Frenchmen, connects the Red Sea and the Mediterranean linking
Europe and the Orient closer. It shortened, in particular, the sailing distance between Barcelona
and Manila. Formerly, a steamer from Barcelona had to sail around the Cape of Good Hope and
would reach Manila after a hazardous voyage of more than three months. By sailing via Suez
Canal, the same streamer could make the trip in on month.

The Philippines was thus brought nearer to Spain. The canal facilitated travel and
communication. More and more Spaniards flocked to the colony and swelled the Spanish
Population. In 1810 there were only 4,000 Spaniards in the Philippines; this number increased
to 13, 500 in 1870 and to 34,000 in 1898. Not only Spaniards, but also world travelers with new
ideas came to the Philippines via Suez Canal.

The Influx of Liberal ideas. The ships that came to the open ports of the Philippines via
the Suez Canal carried with them men of liberal ideas from America and Europe. They bought
newspaper and books that contained the enlightened thoughts of Montesquieu, Rousseau,
Locke, Stuart Mill, Jefferson, Medison, as well as the democratic ideologies of the American and
French Republics. The Filipinos, after reading such things, began to wonder at the deplorable
political conditions inn their country. They began to discuss politics and reforms, liberty and
justice; and , in the course time, they become bold enough to yearn for reforms in the
government- reforms which were ten urgently needed to promote the happiness and welfare of
their country.

De La Torre, Liberal Spanish Governor (1869-71). The fall of Queen Isabella II and the rise
of liberalism in Spain brought a new Spanish governor-general to Manila- General Carlos Maria
De La Torre, an able soldier and true democrat. The Filipino people and the Spanish liberals
welcomed him, and cheered him as he took office on June 23, 1869.

Governor de la Torre, as was expected, proved to be true liberal. He lived simply without the
pomp and pageantry of his predecessors. He did away with the palace halberdiers who had
surrounded the Spanish governors-general since 1591 with the “pomp of power and boast of
heraldy.” He went out the city streets in civilian clothes unescorted by guards. Without a taint of
racial prejudice, he fraternized with the Filipinos as with the Spaniards and the mestizos.

Achievements of De La Torre. During his two-year term, Governor de la Torre had made
some notable achievements. He abolished the censorship of the press and fostered free
discussion of political problems, which right was guaranteed by the Spanish Constitution.
Because of this tolerant policy, Father Burgos and his compatriots agitated for the Filipinization
of the parishes.

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 On July 7, 1869, Governor de la Torre suppressed flogging as a form of punishment for
dissertation by Filipino soldiers. He substituted one month’s imprisonment for it. Evidently a
more humane penalty than flogging.

What is considered De La Torre’s greatest achievement, however, was the peaceful

settlement of the agrarian reform trouble in Cavite. It should be recalled that Cavite had been a
hotbed of agrarian unrest since middle of the 18th century, because of the oppression suffered
by the Filipino tenants and the loss of their land. In 1822 Luis Silang, Calamba, Binan, Tanawan,
and other towns; but it was finally put to an end by Governor ricafort in 1828. Years later,
however, another agrarian trouble flared up, this time led by Eduardo Camerino. Governor de la
Torre, to prevent further bloodshed, went to Imus, Cavite, and after a conference pardoned
Camerino and his followers. To give them decent livelihood, he appointed them members of as
new police force called Guias De La Torre (Aides of La Torre), with Camerino as captain.

The Cavite Mutiny of [Link] sunrise of February 17, 1872 Father Burgos, Gomez, and
Zamora, together their co-accused Zaulda, were escorted under heavy guard from Fort
Santiago to the Lunet. A vast crowd of soldiers and civilians, Filipinos and foreigners, were on
hand to witness the tragic event. Zaulda was executed first. Apparently, the Spanish promise of
a sum gold, which he was supposed to receive for testing falsely against the three priests, was
not fulfilled.

Of the priest-martyrs, Father Gomez, 73 years old, was the first to be garroted. As he
dignifiedly walked towards the garrote (strangulation machine), his spectacles accidentally fell
to ground. He picked them up, slowly put them on, and said: “Let us go where the leaves never
more without the will of God.” These were his last words. He was followed by father Zamora,
age 37, who died unaware of his fate, for he had lost his mind.

The last to be executed was Father Burgos, age 35, the youngest and most brilliant of the
martyred triumvirate. The executioner knelt before him said: “Father, forgive me, for I’m going to
kill you.” Calmly Father Burgos replied to Him: “I forgave you, my son. I know you are but
complying with your duty. Proceed then with your work.” As he was being strangled, Father
Burgos prayed: “My Lord, Father of Mine, receive unto your Bosom the soul of an inno…” Death
cut short his last prayer.

Significance of the Martyrdom. The execution of Fathers Gomez, Burgos and Zamora
was a colossal blunder on the part of the Spanish officials in the Philippines. Fortunately, the
Church was not a party to the injustice done by the state. Prior to the execution, Archbishop
Gregorio Meliton Martinez was requested by Governor Izquierdo to degrade the three priests by
taking off their priestly habits; but he refused this unholy request, and thereby manifesting the
Church’s doubt as to their guilt. On the day of the execution, the church bell of the city tolled as
funeral dirge as Christendom’s farewell salute to the departing souls of the martyrs.

The Filipino people were stunned by the execution of the three priests. They knew they
were innocent and they died for a noble cause; thus they regarded them as true martyrs of their
fatherland. In their indignation, they forgot tribal differences and regional barriers; they joined
together as one people to fight for a common cause. The execution of Fathers Gomez, Burgos,
and Zamora hastened the growth of Philippines nationalism, which ultimately brought about
Spain’s downfall.

Rizal’s Tribute to the Martyr. The martyrdom of Fathers Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora is
now a cherished memory to the Filipino people. The greatest tribute ever paid to them was
written by Dr. Jose Rizal who dedicated to them his immoral novel El Filibusterismo. The
dedication reads as follows:

The Church, by refusing to degrade you, has place in doubt the crime that has been
imputed to you; the Government, by surrounding you trials with mystery and shadows, cause
the belief that there was some error, committed in fatal moments; and all the Philippines by

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worshipping your memory and calling you martyrs, in no sense recognizes your capability in the
Cavite mutiny is not clear proved, as you may not have been patriots, and as you may not have
cherished sentiments for justice and for liberty, I have the right to dedicate my work to you as a
victims of the evil which I undertake to combat. And while we await expectantly upon Spain
someday to restore your good name and cease to be answerable for your death, let these
pages serve as a tardy wreath of dried leaves over unknown tombs, and let it be understood
that everyone who without clear proofs attacks your memory stains his hands in your blood!

Such as sublime and touching tribute to the martyrs by Dr. Jose Rizal himself a great martyr,
is rare in world literature. Perhaps never in history has a renowned martyr given a magnificent
tribute to other martyrs.

IMPORTANT EVENTS AND NOTABLE ASIAN PEOPLE DURING THE

TIME OF DR. JOSE RIZAL

IMPORTANT EVENTS

The Philippines and Spain of Rizal’s Time in the 19th Century. The Spanish colonization of
the Philippines was planned for Spain to have a base on the Silk Road and a platform for her
expansion towards idea. Once the Crown realized that its Asian projection was unfeasible, it
decided to remain on the islands. Because of their strategic importance, Spain linked her new
territory to the Mexican viceroyalty of New Spain and set up a minimum colonial administration
made up of military, civil servants and religious orders. During the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries, the Philippines went from being an agrarian subsistence economy to an
intermediating economy, bridging to gap between Asia, America and Europe by means of the
commercial route of the galleon that joined Manila and Acapulco. The impulse of trade,
entrepreneurial activity and investments in the archipelago are steady, above all in the second
half of the nineteenth century, thanks to the opening of the Panama Canal and the foreign
capital. The Spanish government was incapable of adapting colonial policy to the new situation
and maintaining itself as the preferential market, preserving instead a stagnant administration
opposed to autonomist reforms. Nevertheless, in contrast with the negative and unfair outlook
that all colonial processes entail, the integration of the Philippines in the Spanish Empire
brought about the social cohesion that favored the construction of a national identity. In addition
to the contribution of Catholicism- which exerted a great influence in Philippines society- and to
the immersion of the islands in an international economy, the empire also promoted public work
such as the building of lighthouses, the Manila Harbor Board and the Hydro graphic Committee
of the Pacific, and favored incipient scientific development with the construction of the Manila
Observatory.

A census drawn up in 1894 based on parish registrations shows a population of

6,414,373 inhabitants, to whom we should add another million who were not registered, made
up of ‘heathen’ natives, Chinises, Moros and foreigners. This same census also includes
another reference, that of the Regular and Lay Clergy, comprising 2,751 members, while
Military Personnel comprised 21,513 individuals, under three thousands of whom were from
Spanish peninsula and the rest were natives. These figures inform us of the religious and
military imperialist regime, dominated by an organized Spanish minority that used all the
ideological and coercive resources at its disposal.

The 1800’s were a time of change for the global world order likewise a time of flux among
different European powers. In the Philippines, the Filipinos were still under Spanish rule and
resistance to it were largely still under Spanish rule and resistance to it were largely ineffected
owing largely to the Spaniards’ policy of keeping the natives illiterate and divided along ethnic
lines.

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 The Philippines of Rizal’s Time in 1808

Ferdinand VII was a king of Spain during the critical years following the Napoleonic Wars.
The country was sharply divided between Liberals, who supported a constitutional government,
and Traditionalists, who distributed modernist ideas, particularly regarding “reforms’ of church
property. The South American colonies were in revolt, the country was recovering from a
horrifically destructive war, the government had been in the hands of foreigners for over seven
years, the treasury was nearly bankrupt, and a new construction which radically reordered the
government had been ratified by the Cortes. An honorable, principled, and moderate leader
was would have had difficulty ruling well during the age, and Ferdinand was none of the above.

The Philippines of Rizal’s Time in 1810

Filipinos gain representation in the Spanish Cortes. As an overseas colony of Spain, was
represented in the Spanish Cortes, which drafted and signed the constitution by Ventura de los
Reyes, a Filipino businessman from the Ilocos.

The Philippines of Rizal’s Time in 1812

The Cadiz Constitution is written the most important legacy of the Cadiz Constitution to
the Philippines was the termination of the oppressive galleon trade. It put an end to the
sufferings of the natives- the harmful effect of the trade. In 1815 the last galleon- the
Magallanes- left Acapulco, Mexico to return to Manila.

The Philippines of Rizal’s Time in 1812

Carlist Wars erupt in Spain. Carlism is a traditionalist and legitimist political movement in
Spain seeking the establishment of a separate line of the bourbon family on the Spanish throne.
This line descended from Infante Carlos, Count of Molina (1788-1855), and was founded due to
dispute over the succession laws and widespread dissatisfaction with the Alfonso line of the
house of Bourbon. The movement was its strongest in the 1830s but had a revival following
Spain’s defeat in the Spanish-American war in 1898, when Spain lost its last remaining
significant colonies, Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines.

NOTABLE ASIAN PEOPLE

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2 October 1869-30 January 1948) commonly known

as Mahatma Gandhi or Bapu (Father of Nation), was the preeminent leader of Indian
nationalism in British –ruled India. Employing non-violent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to
independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights, and freedom across the
world. The son of a senior government official, Gandhi was born and raised in a Bania
community in coastal Gujarat, and trained in law London. Gandhi become famous by fighting for
civil rights of Muslim and Hindu Indians in South Africa, using new developed. Returning to
India in 1915, he set about organizing peasants to protest excessive land-taxes. A lifelong
opponent of “communalism” (i.e. basing politics on religion) he reached out widely to all
religious groups. He became a leader of Muslims protesting the declining status of the
Caliphate. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Ghandi led nationwide
campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women’s rights, building economic and ethnic amenity,
ending untouchability, increasing economic self-reliance, and above all for achieving Swaraj-
the independence of India from British domination.

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 Dr. Sun Yat-sen (12 November 1866- 12 March 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary,
first president and founding father of the Republic of China (“Nationalist China’). A the foremost
pioneer of republic of China, Sun is referred to as the “Father of the Nation” in the Republic of
China (ROC), and the “forerunner of democratic revolution” in the people’s Republic of China.
Sun played an instrumental role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty during the years leading
up to the Double ten Revolution. Although he was in St. Louis, Missouri at that time, he was
appointed to serve as president of the provisional Republic of China, when it was founded in
1912. He later co-founded the Koumintang (KMT), serving as its first leader. Sun was uniting
figure in post-Imperial China, and remains unique among 25th century Chinese politicians for
being widely revered amongst the people from both sides of Taiwan Strait.

Ho Chi Minh, real name Nguyen Tat Thanh (1890-1969), Vietnamese Communist
leader and the principal force behind the Vietnamese struggle against French colonial rule. Ho
was born on May 19, 1890, in the village of Kimlien, Annam (Central Vietnam), the son of an
official who had resigned in protest against French domination of his country. Ho attended
school in Hue and then briefly taught at a private school in PhanThiet. In 1911 he was employed
as a cook on a French steamship lines and thereafter worked in London and Paris. After World
War I, using the pseudonym Nguyen Ai Quoc (Nguyen the Patriot), Ho engaged in radical
activities and was in the founding group of the French Communist party. He was summoned to
Moscow for training and, in late 1924, he was sent to Canton, China, where he organized a
revolutionary movement among Vietnamese exiles. He was forced to leave China when local
authorities cracked down on communist party (IPC). He stayed in Hong Kong as a
representative of the Communist International. In June 1931 Ho was arrested there by British
police and remained in prison until his release in 1933. He then made his way back to the
Soviet Union, where he reportedly spent several years recovering from tuberculosis. In 1938 he
returned to China as served as an adviser with Chinese Communist armed forces. When Japan
occupied Vietnam in 1941, he resumed contact with ICP leaders and helps to found a new
Communist-dominated independence movement, popularly known as a Vietninh that fought the
Japanese. In August 1945, when Japan surrendered, the Vietminh seized power and
proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) in Hanoi.

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 ACTIVITY #1

Discussion Points and Exercise Questions

Direction: Read and understand this module. Provide what is being asked. Answers should be
composed of 5 sentences. Use the Rubric below as your guide. Write your answer in a long bond
paper (Hand written) and attached to the last page of this module.

TASKS:
Define each of the following in your simplest way.

1. Rizal Law (10 points)

2. Opening of Suez Canal (1869) (10 points)

3. Cadiz Constitution (10 points

10 points Rubric
Level Description
Outstanding Well written and very organized. Excellent grammar mechanics. Clear and
concise statements. Excellent effort and presentation with detail. Demonstrates a
thorough understanding of the topics.
Value: 9-10
Level Description
Good Writes fairly clear. Good grammar mechanics. Good presentation and
organization.
Sufficient effort and detail.
Value: 7-8
Level Description
Fair Minimal effort. Good grammar mechanics. Fair presentation. Few supporting
details.
Value: 6
Level: Description
Poor Somewhat unclear. Shows little effort. Poor grammar mechanics. Confusing and
incomplete sentences. No organization of thoughts.
Value: 4-5
Level: Description
Very Poor Lacking effort. Very poor grammar mechanic. Very unclear. Doesn’t address
topic. Limited attempt.
Value: 1-3

End of first week

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 SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, South Cotabato

GENERAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

___________________________________________________

LEARNING MODULE
FOR
GE 119: LIFE AND WORKS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL

_____________________________________________________

WEEK 2

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 WEEK 2
1ST Major Period in the Life of Dr. Jose Rizal
(1861-1872)
BIRTH AND BABYHOOD OF THE HERO

“I have to believe in God because I have lost my faith in man.”

- Jose Rizal, Nili Me Tangere (Touch Me Not)

Each of us has always something memorable to say about our childhood, although gone
were the days they remain essential to our totality as a person. Once in a while we look back
over those times when things were obviously simple yet exceptionally enjoyable. We might
have listened curiously to make-believe stories, then, owing to our amusement became part of
our imaginative and inquisitive world. We might have scolded for our unlikely behavior due to
our innocence which served as lessons for our moral development. We might have been forced
to read and write despite of our lack of interest yet it equipped us a strong foundation of reason.
We might have received bruises and wounds while playing carelessly at the garden or at the
streets that helped us develop our deep care for nature and sense of social commitment. These
and other facts about us being “kids” at one point make up who we truly are. Thus, it is our
extraordinary National Hero also had his own share of vivid childhood reminiscence. This
chapter will bring the students of this course a closer view to the exciting life of the child name
“Jose”.

BIRTH OF THE FIRST FILIPINO

It was just an ordinary midnight of June 19, 1861 until an

infant’s first cry echoed in a house owned by a well-to-do family
known by the surname Mercado. It was Wednesday and the
moon shone beautifully over the town of Calumba amidst the
agricultural province of Laguna. Had it not to the divine
providence, the infant’s mother could have died during her
delivery. The newborn was given the full name Jose Protasio
Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda, the apostle of Philippine
freedom; and as reasonably branded by the late Hon. Leon Ma.
Guerrero, the “First Filipino”.

Guerrero (2003) argued that Rizal was the first among the
indios to refer to himself as a “Filipino” as found in his works and
writings. History has it that the people referred to as Filipinos at
that time were the fact the insulares or those Spaniards who were
born in the Philippines archipelago (Ocampo, 2012).

Three days later Jose was christened in the town’s church by Father Rufino Collantes and it
was witnessed by his family, close relatives, and friends to the Mercados. His mother, Doña
Todora Alonso y Realonda, a firm Catholic, chose “Jose” since she was devotee of San Jose,
the patron saint of workers (Zaide and Zaide, 2008). His father, Don Francisco Mercado y
Alejandro, gave the second name “Protasio” as near to “protesto” as he thought wise to spell it
(Craig, 1992). Despite of its seemingly radical thought of naming his son, he was also raised as
a stern Catholic whose devotion included his regular pilgrimage to Antipolo in the nearby
province of Morong ( now known as the province of Rizal, aptly named after our National Hero).

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 OF NOBLE ANCESTRY

The family name “Mecado” had been given to Jose’s great-grandfather by their Chinese
great-great-grandfather Domingo Lam-co in 1731, who migrated to the Philippines From Amoy,
China and whose succeeding generations had an important place in a society largely topped by
elite Spaniards. Again in 1850 the Spanish Governor General Narciso Claveria had decreed
that “Mercado” Should be the family [Link] Governor General had, indeed, been pleased to
grant names, both new and old, through the Royal Decree of 1849, to a vast number of the
families all over the Spanish-occupied areas through the release of Catalogo Alfabetico de
Apellidosor Catalogue of Alphabetical Surnames.

However, it happened that Jose’s father was a man of independent thought. To be called
“Mercado”, which means “market”, crossed his mind to be unsuitable for an inquilino or tenant
farmer. Don Francisco, called by the townsfolk as Mang Kikoy, was responsible for clearing,
wedding, preparing the fields, planting seedlings, raising them untilmaturity, harvesting and
preparing the crops for sale, and providing draft animals and tools. Therefore, he decided to
modify his family’s surname and adopted the word “racial”, which means “green field”, changed
the spelling to “Rizal”, and gave his children that name, just for the sake of his independent soul
and his sense of fitness. However, Rizal himself revealed (Guerrero, 2003):” I am the only Rizal;
because at home my parents, my sisters, my brother, and my relatives have always preferred
our old family name, Mercado”. Don Francisco’s independent spirit, which his sons and
daughter inherited, did not get him in trouble that time, but it did later.

If Jose Rizal inherited his free soul from his father, he inherited his genius largely from his
mother. Aling Lolay, as Doña Teodora came to be known in the neighborhood, had ancestors
and uncles by dozen who had distinguished themselves as leaders and thinkers (Sta. Maria,
2012). Her brothers, Gregorio, Manuel, and Jose Alberto were all unusual men. Her father
Lorenzo Alberto Alonso was a distinguished engineer, who had received the title of “Knight of
the Grand Order of Isabel the Catholic”. One grandfather was attorney was Manuel de Quintos;
the other grandfather was Captain Cipriano Alonso. At least three of her great-grandfathers
were captains, and one of these came from the famous “Florentino” family at that time (Craig,
1992).

THE ILLUSTRIOUS FAMILY

Both Jose’s parents were educated in well-established school at the time. Don Francisco
studied at the Cologio de San Jose in Manila while Doña Teodora completed her ducation at the
Cologio de Santa Rosa, a prestigious college for girls in Manila. Jose described Mang Kikoy as
a great model attributed to his honesty, frugality, productiveness, composure, and profound
dignity. Jose described Aling Lolay as a woman of discipline, culture, literature, and religion.
She was a good wife and a mother of warmth affection. Both of his parents were his source or
virtues of patience and self-sacrifice.

The Mercados and the Alonsos belonged to the principalia. That is to say, they had enough
land and money to raise a living, stone houses which were among the first of its kind in the town
of Calamba, sari-sari store of no other competitors, horses that only affluent families could own,
preferences in civic and in religious processions. They were the illustrados, that is to say, they
could read, write and figure, they owned the largest built-in library in Calamba, they subscribed
to newspapers, they travelled abroad, they went to court, and they were completely oriented on
the dynamics of political, economic, and social affairs of the time.

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 Other members of Jose’s remarkably affectionate family are as follows: Saturnina, the
eldest, born in 1850, Paciano, the only brother, born in 1851, Narcisa, born in 1852, Olympia,
born in 1855, Lucia, born in 1857, and Maria, born in 1859, were all older than him; the younger
sisters were Josefa, born in 1865, Trinidad, born in 1868, and Soledad, the youngest, born in
1870. As a matter of fact, in between Jose and Josefa there was Concepcion, also called
Concha, born in 1862, who only live for three years and died of illness. He could remember very
well the death of Concha, thus he recounted: “For the first time I wept tears of love and grief, for
until then I had only shed them out of a stubbornness which my loving and prudent mother knew
so well how to correct”

Jose was fondly called by his parents and siblings as Ute. Among his friends and
acquaintances especially during his Ateneo days, Jose was known by the nicknames “Pepe” as
people of the time used to call anyone Jose by such. It was so since the Latin for “Foster father”
is “pater putativus”, shortened by the Spaniards as “pp”. Pronounced as “fhefhe”, and converted
into “pepe”. Jesus Christ foster father is Joseph or Spanish, Jose.

The religiosity of the Mercado family could be traced back to their affluent ancestry. The fact
that Doña Teodora almost did upon giving birth to Jose subsequently made her to vow to go on
pilgrimage to the Virgin of Peace and good Voyage in Antipolo. In effect, the Mercado children
were bred in a firm Catholic environment and grew up morally upright. Jose and his siblings
were trained to offer prayer altogether each day, like the Angelus at dusk and the Rosary before
resting to bed. They were accompanied to hear mass in the town church during Sundays and
Christian feast days. At five years of age, Jose was able to read, though short of fluency, the
Spanish family bible knows during the time as Historia Sagrada. Jose profound religiously
would be challenged and put at risk eventually as he face many adversaries while fighting for
social reforms.

In later life, Jose’s siblings would rather become his firmest supporters to his vision of
bringing transformation in the land they claimed for all the oppressed natives. Each member of
the Mercado family, both parents and siblings, played crucial roles in the formation of his heroic
consciousness. On this note, the hero we have come to known as Jose Rizal was surrounded
and molded by likely heroes as well.

MEMORIES AND STORIES LIKE NO OTHER

The Mercado family had a simple and happy life. Mang Kikoy and aling Lolay loved their
children. They were reared with strong faith and proper etiquette. They were thought to give
respect and show obedience to their elders. They were inculcated of social custom like kissing
the hands of their parents. The younger ones were taught to address politely their elder sister
with “Señora” and their brother with “Señor”.

Among the stories he heard of, it was his

mother’s fable about the moth that appeared to
leave him an everlasting fascination. It was one
late night, whom the whole Mercado family was
sleeping except Jose and his mother, that such a
story was narrated in full. He was inattentive and
busy doodling on some pages of a book while
Doña Teodora was teaching him to read in
Spanish, a proof that she was the hero’s first
teacher. Soon he was allured by the flame
contained in an oil lamp and the moths circling
about it. Then his mother stopped a little and told
the child Jose to listen for she was about to read
him a wonderful story. In his delight of hearing the
word “story”, Jose settled down to listen with
complete curiosity and expectation. So the fable

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of the moth was related by Doña Teodora. The story was that a young moth was mesmerized by
the beautiful flame, flew closer to it despite its mother’s warning not to do so, soon dazzled until
it was consumed by the flame and perishes in it. Jose’s thoughts were stuck at the dreadful fate
of the insect and never realized that the story had come to an end. After its narration, Doña
Teodora warned Jose that if he would not adhere to the advice of his parents he would like
supper the same thing as to that of the young moth. On this note, the fable could serve fittingly
the allegory of a young insurgent charmed by the light of reason who died in it as well, very
much like the fate of Jose Rizal.

Behind the stone-house was a large garden filled with tress including atis, santol, macopa,
duhat, sampaloc, papaya, nanca, coffee, orange, kamias, chico, tampoy, balimbing, cahew and
coconut, all of which became abode to different species of birds like maya, kalaw, maria-capra,
Martinez, pitpit that rendered a hymn and orchestrated a concert as the sun slowly vanished
behind the mountain of Laguna. He and his sisters often rushed to pick fruits that fell to the
ground. They plucked fruits from low-slung branches there were also some varieties of flowers
whose aroma roamed around the area. Jose spent a lot of time in this place where a small nipa
hut stood, constructed by Don Francisco for his children. Jose was also presented by his father
of a donkey name “Alipato” and a dog name “Usman”. These pets and the garden made him
closer to nature over which he developed deep sense or prudence and affection. This childhood
bliss always brought back memories to Jose that he would treasure for the rest of his life.

THE TOWN THAT ISPIRE A HERO

Calamba is located in the midst of a rich

agricultural region in Laguna, the lake province of
Luzon, famed for coconuts on the hillsides and sugar
cane in the valleys. It is enclosed between the vast
Laguna de Bay and the enchanted Mt. makiling. It is
endowed with breathtaking landscape and comforting
nature that tenderly fondles the townsfolk from dawn
to twilight.

The town of Calamba and its haciendas at the

same time were virtually owned by the Dominican
friars, hence, non-Spanish families were only renting
the lands they titled and were subject to pay taxes,
mostly excessive, in money or kind. This system
known as encomienda became an instrument of the
unscrupulous friars for their personal gains. It left the
people vulnerable to many forms of cruelty and
discrimination. However, despite of this difficult
circumstance, life in Calamba offered much better
opportunities than the other towns in and out of
Laguna.

Just like many other children of Calamba. Jose was captured by the picturesque impression
of their town and from there he developed his powerful senses dedicated to poetry and visual
arts. His town essentially became one of his elated inspirations in his life bounded by many
challenges. When a few years later Rizal recalled those joyous days of his childhood in
Calamba, he revealed his heart in the poem entitled “Un Recuerdo Ami Pueblo” (In Memory of
my Town)

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 MANY SPLENDID TALENTS

Jose was designed by nature to be an artist. This he revealed before he was five years of
age, for without any assistance from others he began to draw with his pencil and to mold in wax
or clay of any objects. His parents including his uncles recognized this unusual talent and gave
him all encouragement. They offered the boy an almost ideal environment for building of genius.
Uncle Jose Alberto, a fine artist himself, helped him develop his innate gift in arts. Uncle
Gregorio, a tireless reader, often lectured the eager child on the foundations of success and
profound logic and was immensely important for an eye-minded boy like him in learning twenty
languages in his later life. Uncle Manuel, a sports and fitness enthusiast, encouraged him to
nurture his frail body by way of athletic drills, martial arts, and physical exercises.

Jose, in all proportion, was endowed with many skills and talents over which he had a full
exploit in his later life. His deep sensibilities in visual arts amazed everybody, though sometimes,
he was teases by her siblings due to his seemingly naive crafts. One time, the young boy Jose
was seen in his bahay kubo by his señoras molding a clay figure which appeared to be early
part of the 19th century. His sisters laughed at him but the childlike defense of his masterpiece
he remarked that people would eventually create a standing monument in his image.

Another happy influence in building Jose’s character was parish priest who lived in the
convent just around the corner from Rizal home. Father Leoncio Lopez was an independent
thinker with wide intelligence and around judgment. He loves children, but above all the eager
little boy who asked serious leading questions about the things he had heard his elders say.
Years later in Noli Me Tangere, one of Rizal’s pair of novels he paid a beautiful tribute to Father
Leoncio. Perhaps, too, he had this beloved old priest in mind when in El Filibusterismo he
makes Father Florentino utter the most famous of all quotations from Rizal’s prose writings
(Craig, 1992): “Where are the youth, who will consecrate their rosy hours, their dreams, and
their enthusiasm for the welfare of their motherland”?

When he was nine years old he was sent to a school for boys in the town of Biñan, where
his uncle Jose Alberto was residing. His teacher was Señor Justiano Aquino Cruz. He was a
strict practitioner of the ancient method of pounding knowledge not only into eye and ear but
also into the palm of the hand. He used an especially tough switch for this purpose. Had it not
been tough it would soon have worn out. Jose’s childhood story preserve his memories of the
just teacher where he recounted: “I used to win in the competitions, for nobody happened to be
better than I. of these successes I made the most. Despite of the reputation I had of being a
good boy, rare were the days when the teacher did not call me up to receive five to six blows on
the hand… how it hurt!” Then, a few months later, Jose was instructed to go home because he
had learned all there was to be taught at Biñan. When his father found it out, Jose was scolded
and hurried back to school. Señor Justiniano told Don Francisco that the boy’s statement was
true. So in1871, Jose left Biñan for the Christmas vacation.

The Mercado family or might as well can now be called Rizal as it will appear in the
succeeding chapters, was determined that Jose should continue his education in Manila. He
was making preparations to depart when an injustice occurred which threw the first shadow
across his happy young life. His mother was thrown into prison, accused of a crime of which she
was so wholly incapable that everybody against her was that she had conspired with her brother,
Alberto, to kill his wife, who had separated from him. The real reason for the arrest, as
everybody in the town well knew, was that honest, independent Don Francisco had been too
frank in dealing with two Spanish officials and denying them of their requests, a feed for their
horses, and that these men now sought to wreak vengeance on their father of Jose by arresting
his mother. The poor Doña Teodora was forced to walk from Calamba to Santa Cruz, a distance
of 50 kilometers, and upon reaching there she was imprisoned at the provincial jail for two
years.

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 ACTIVITY #2

Discussion Points and Exercise Questions

Direction: Read and understand this module. Provide what is being asked. Use the Rubric below as
your guide. Write your answer in a long bond paper (Hand written) and attached to the last page of
this module.

TASKS:
Draw a family tree showing all the members of Mercado (Rizal) family.

GRAPHIC ORGANIZER RUBRIC

Criteria 4 3 2 1
Exceeding meeting

Organization Extremely well Organized. Somewhat Poorly

organized. Structure allows organized organized. A
Order & structure of reader to move structure allows clear sense of
information is through content reader to move direction is not
compelling and flows without confusion. through some of evident. Flow is
smoothly Flows smoothly the content frequently
without confusion. interrupted.
Flow is
sometimes
interrupted.

Content Thorough and Complete Shows some Shows incomp

insightful understanding of understanding of lete
understanding of content content understanding
content of material

Creativity Enthusiastically uses Use of materials Shows some use Shows minimal
materials and ideas and ideas for of materials and effort for
for enhancement enhancement ideas enhancement
of materials
and ideas

Ideas Insightful and well Ideas Ideas are Ideas are

considered ideas are considered; somewhat on unclear
making multiple more than one topic; makes few
connections thoughtful some connections connections
connection is
made

End of second week

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 SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, South Cotabato

GENERAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

___________________________________________________

LEARNING MODULE
FOR
GE 119: LIFE AND WORKS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL

_____________________________________________________

WEEK 3

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 WEEK 3
2nd MAJOR PERIOD IN THE LIFE OF DR. JOSE P. RIZAL
(1872-1882)
EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS

The glory of saving a country doesn’t mean having to use the

measure that contributed to its ruin!”
-Dr. Jose P. Rizal, El Filibusterismo

School Inclusive Years Age Started Course

Biñan 1869-1871 9

Ateneo Municipal 1872-1877 16

Santa Isabel College 1873-1874 Spanish Private Lesson

University of Santo 1877-178 17 Philosophy and Letters

Tomas
University of Santo 1878-1882 21 Medicine
Tomas
Universidad Central de 1882 23 Philosophy and Letters
Madrid
Universidad Central de 1882-1884 Medicine Specialization
Madrid (Ophthalmology)
Paris 1885 24 Practice of Eye
Specialization
University of Eye 1886 25 Practice of Eye
Hospital Specialization
University of 1886 25 Lecture on History and
Leipzig Psychology
University of 1887 26 Completed His Eye
Heidelberg Specialization
University of 1887 26 Attended Classes
Paris

Precedent Event to the Ignition Life

- Paciano, Rizal’s brother was studying at Colegio de San Jose under the tutelage of Fr. Jose
Burgos
-Cavite mutiny took place on January 20, 1872 led by Sergeant La Madrid
-GOMBURZA execution February 17, 1872
-Arrest of his mother Doña Teodora
-Rizal took and passed the entrance test in Letran
-Rizal matriculated in Ateneo in June 10, 1872

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 RIZAL’S EARLY INFORMAL EDUCATION

The first teacher of Rizal was his mother, who was a remarkable woman of good character
and fine culture. On her lap, he learned at the age of three the alphabet and the prayers. “My
mother,” wrote Rizal in his student memoirs, “taught me how to read and to say haltingly the
humble prayers which I raised fervently to God”

As Doña Teodora was patient, conscientious, and understanding. It was she who first
discovered that her son had a talent for poetry. Accordingly, she encouraged him to write poems.
To lighten the monotony of memorizing the ABC’s and to stimulate her son’s imagination, she
related many stories.

As Jose grew older, his parent employed private tutors to give him lessons at home. The
first was Maestro Celestino and the second, Maestro Lucas Padua. Later, an old man named
Leon Monroy, a former classmate of Rizal’s father, became the boy’s tutor. This old teacher
lived at Rizal home and instructed Jose in Spanish and Latin. Unfortunately, he did not live long.
He died five months later. After a Monroy’s death, the hero’s parents decided to send their gifted
son to a private school in Biñan.

The Mercado family enjoyed relative wealth as landowners who rented the land of their
hacienda to the Dominican friars in Laguna. Hence education was a priority for the Mercado
family and young Jose Protacio was sent to learn from Justiniano Aquino Cruz, a tutor from
nearby Biñan, Laguna. But the education of a small town and a tutor did not sufficiently quench
the young man’s thirst for knowledge and soon, the family began to make preparations for his
admission to the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, in the capital of the Philippines.

The school was run by the Jesuit Order and was one of the most prominent and academic
institutions in the country which centered to the rich, the powerful and most intelligent students
that country had, certainly a place for a young man like Jose Protacio Mercado.

STUDYING IN BIÑAN

Rizal has his early education in Calamba and Biñan. It was a typical schooling that son of
an illustrado family received during his time, characterized by the four R’s- reading, writing,
arithmetic, and religion. Instruction was rigid and strict. Knowledge was forced into the minds by
means of tedious memory method aided by the teacher’s whip. Despite the defects of the
Spanish system of elementary education, Rizal was able to acquire the necessary instruction
preparatory for college work in Manila and abroad. It may said that Rizal who was born a
physical weakling, rose to become an intellectual giant not because of, but rather in spite of ,
the outmoded and backward system of instruction obtaining in the Philippines during the last
decades of Spanish regime. Jose goes to Biñan.

One Sunday afternoon in June, 1869, Jose, after kissing the hands of his parents and a
tearful parting from his sister, left Calamba for Biñan. He was accomplished by Paciano, who
acted as his second father. The two brothers rode in a carromata, reaching their destination
after one and one-half hours drive. They proceeded to their aunt’s house, where Jose was
lodge. It was almost night when they arrived, and the moon was about to rise.

The same night, Jose with his cousin name Leandro, went sightseeing in town. Instead of
enjoying the sight, Jose became depressed because of homesickness. “In the moonlight,” He
recounted. I remembered my home town, my idolized mother, and my solicitous sisters. And
how sweet to me was Calamba, my own town, inspite of fact, that it was not wealthy as Biñan”.

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 FIRST DAY IN BIÑAN

The next morning (Monday) Paciano bought his younger brother to the school of Maestro
Justiniano A quino Cruz.

The school was in the house which was a small nipa hut about 30 meters from the home of
Jose’s aunt.

Paciano knew the teacher quite well because he had been a pupil under him before. He
introduced Jose to the teacher, after which he departed to return to Calamba.

Jose described his teacher in Biñan as tall, thin, long-necked, with sharp nose and body
slightly bent forward, and he used to wear sinanay shirt, woven by the skilled hands of the
women of Batangas. He knew by heart grammars by Nebrija and Gainza.

FIRST SCHOOL BRAWL

In the afternoon of his day in school when the teacher was having his siesta, Jose met the
bully, Pedro. He was angry at bully for making fun of him during his conversation with the
teacher in the morning.

Jose challenges Pedro to a fight. The latter readily accepted, thinking that he could easily
beat the Calamba boy whom was smaller and younger.

The boys wrestled furiously in the classroom, much to the glee of their classmates. Jose,
having learned the art of wrestling from his athletic Tio Manuel, defeated the bigger boy. For this
feat, he became popular among his classmates.

After the class in the afternoon, a classmate named Andres Saladanan challenged him to n
arm-wrestling match. They went to sidewalk of a house and wrestled with their arms. Jose,
having the weaker arm, lost and nearly cracked his head on the sidewalk.

In succeeding days he had other fights with boys of Biñan. He quarrelsome by nature, but
he never ran away from fight.

PAINTING LESSON IN BIÑAN

Near the school was the house of an old painter called Juancho, who was the father-in-law
of the school teacher. Jose, lured but his love for painting, spent many leisure hours at the
painter’s studio. Old Juancho freely gave him lessons in drawing and painting. He was
impressed by the artistic talent of the Calamba lad.

BEST STUDENT IN SCHOOL

In academic studies, Jose beat all Biñan boys. He surpassed them in Spanish, Latin, and
other subjects.

END OF SCHOOLING IN BIÑAN

Before the Christmas season in 1870, Jose received a letter his from his sister Saturtina,
informing him of the arrival of the streamer Talim, which would take him from Biñan to Calamba.
Upon reading the letter, he had a premonition that he would not return to Biñan, so that he
beamed sad. He prayed in the town church, collected pebbles in the river for souvenirs, and
regretfully bade farewell to his teacher and classmates.

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 He left Biñan on Saturday afternoon, December 17, 1870, after one year and a half of
schooling in that school in that town. He has thrilled to take passage on the streamer Talim, for it
was the first time he ever rode a streamer. On board was a Frenchman named Arturo Camps, a
friend of his father, who took care of him.

LIFE AND STUDIES AT ATENEO (1872-1877)

Ateneo Municipal- a college under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits

 Escuela Pia (Charity School)- formerly name of Ateneo, a school for poor boys in Manila
which was established by the city government in 1817
o Escuela Pia----> Ateneo Municipal---> Ateneo de Manila
 June 10, 1872- Rizal accompanied by Paciano went to Manila
o Father Magin Ferrando- was the college registrar, refused to admit Rizal in Ateneo
for two reasons: (1)he was late for registration (2) he was sickly and undersized
for his age
o Manuel Xerez Burgos-because of his intercession, nephew of Father Burgos,
Rizal was reluctantly admitted at the Ateneo
o Jose was the first of his family to adopt the surname “Rizal”. He registered under
this name at Ateneo because their family name “Mercado” had come under the
suspicion of the Spanish authorities
o Rizal was first boarded in a house outside Intramuros, on Caraballo Street. This
was owned by a spinster named Titay who owed the Rizal family the amount of
300 pesos

JESUIT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

 It trained the character of the student by rigid discipline and religious instructions

Students were divided into two groups:

Roman Empire- consisting of internos (boarders); red banner
Carthaginian Empire- composed of the externos (non-boarders); blue banner

Emperor- the best student in each “empire”



Tribune- the second best

Decurion- the third best

Centurion-the fourth best

Stand-bearer- the fifth best
 The Ateneo students in Rizal’s time wore a uniform which consisted of “hemp-fabric
trousers” and “striped cotton coat” The coat material was called rayadillo

FIRST YEAR IN ATENEO (1872-1873)

 Father Jose Bech

Rizal’s first professor in Ateneo whom he described as a “tall thin man, with a
body slightly bent forward, a harried walk, an ascetic face, severe and inspired,
small deep-sunken eyes, a sharp nose that was almost Greek, and thin lips
forming an arc whose ends fell toward the chin.

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  A Religious picture
Rizal’s first prize for being the brightest pupil in the whole class

 To improve his Spanish, Rizal took private lessons in Santa Isabel College during the
noon recesses. He paid three pesos for those extra Spanish lessons.
 At the end of the school year in March, 1873, Rizal returned to Calamba for summer
vacation.
 When the summer vacation ended, Rizal returned to Manila for his second year term in
Ateneo.
 This time he boarded inside Intramuros at No. 6 Magallanes Street. His landlady was an
old widow named Doña Pepay

SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO (1873-1874)

 At the end of the school year, Rizal received excellent grades in all subjects and a gold
medal.
 The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas- the first favorite novel of Rizal which
made a deep impression on him.
 Universal History by Cesar Cantu- Rizal persuaded his father to buy him this set of
historical work that was a great aid in his studies.
 Dr. Feodor Jagor- a German scientist-traveler who visited the Philippines in 1859-1860
who wrote Travels in the Philippines.
 Rizal was impressed in this book because of
(1) Jagor’s keen observations of the defects of Spanish colonization
(2) His prophecy that someday Spain would lose the Philippines and that America would
come to succeed her as colonizer.

THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO (1874-1875)

 Rizal grades remained excellent in all subjects but he won only one medal—in Latin
 At the end of the school year (March 1875), Rizal returned to Calamba for the summer
vacation. He himself was not impressed by his scholastic work.

FOURTH YEAR IN ATENEO (1875-1876)

 June 16, 1875- Rizal became an interno in the Ateneo

 Padre Francisco de Paula Sanchez- a great educator and scholar, one of Rizal’s
professors who inspired him to study harder and to write poetry
 Rizal described this Jesuit professor as “model of uprightness, earnestness, and love for
the advancement of his pupils”
 Rizal topped all his classmates in all subjects and won five medals at the end of the
school term.
LAST YEAR IN ATENEO (1876-1877)

 Rizal’s studies continued to fare well. As a matter-of-fact, he excelled in all subjects. The
most brilliant Atenean of his time, he was truly “the pride of the Jesuits”.
 March 23, 1877- Commencement Day, Rizal, who was 16 years old, received from his
Alma Mater, Ateneo Municipal, the degree of Bachelor of Arts, with highest honors.

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  Marian Congregation- a religious society wherein Rizal was an active member and later
became the secretary
 Rizal cultivated his literary talent under the guidance of Father Sanchez
 Father Jose Vilaclara- advised Rizal to stop communing with the Muse and pay more
attention to more practical studies
 Rizal studied painting under the famous Spanish painter, Agustin Saez, and sculpture
under Romualdo de Jesus, noted Filipino sculptor
 Rizal carved an image of the Virgin Mary on a piece of batikuling (Philippine hardwood)
with his pocket knife
 Father Lleonart- impressed by Rizal’s sculptural talent, requested him to carve for him an
image of Sacred Heart of Jesus

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 ACTIVITY #3

Discussion Points and Exercise Questions

Direction: Read and understand this module. Provide what is being asked. Use the Rubric below as
your guide. Write your answer in a long bond paper (Hand written) and attached to the last page of this
module.

TASKS:
1. Write a biographical essay consisting of 150-200 words that compare your early childhood as
a student and in Rizal’s time.
2. Write a narrative essay consisting of 150-200 words on the topic: “Rizal and the Lessons
His Mother Taught Him”.

20 POINTS RUBRIC
Level Description
Outstanding Well written and very organized. Excellent grammar mechanics. Clear and
concise statements. Excellent effort and presentation with detail. Demonstrates a
thorough understanding of the topics.
Value: 18-20
Level Description
Good Writes fairly clear. Good grammar mechanics. Good presentation and
organization.
Sufficient effort and detail.
Value: 15-17
Level Description
Fair Minimal effort. Good grammar mechanics. Fair presentation. Few supporting
details.
Value: 10-14
Level: Description
Poor Somewhat unclear. Shows little effort. Poor grammar mechanics. Confusing and
incomplete sentences. No organization of thoughts.
Value: 5-9
Level: Description
Very Poor Lacking effort. Very poor grammar mechanic. Very unclear. Doesn’t address
topic. Limited attempt.
Value: 1-5

End of third week

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 SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, South Cotabato

GENERAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

___________________________________________________

LEARNING MODULE
FOR
GE 119: LIFE AND WORKS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL

_____________________________________________________

WEEK 4

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 WEEK 4
GRADUATED WITH HIGHEST HONOURS

Prior to his enrollment in the prominent learning institution, his older brother Paciano Rizal
Mercado, Insisted that Jose drop the surname “Mercado”, to ensure that the younger Mercado
would be disassociated with the outspoken and borderline subversive reputation of his older
brother. As much, the young man known as Jose Protacio Rizal enrolled at the Ateneo
Municipal de Manila.

Being the child of a family of wealthy landowners, Jose Rizal decided to study for a degree
in Land Surveying and assessment at the Ateneo de Municipal de Manila where he graduated
on March 14, 1877, with honor’s or sobresaliente. He took and passed the licensure exam for
land surveying and assessment in 1878 but was not given a license until 1881 when he turned
21.

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 In 1878, after his competition of his degree from Ateneo Municipal de Manila, he pursued
his passion for the arts as he enrolled at the Faculty of Arts and Letters for a degree in
Philosophy at the University of Santo Tomas. Although he excelled at philosophy, the news of
his mother’s impending blindness convinced him to study Medicine, and in 1878 he enrolled in
the Faculty of Medical Sciences at University of Santo Tomas to specialize in ophthalmology.

Rizal enters the University (1877-1882)

In April 1877, Rizal who was nearly 16 years old, matriculated in UST, taking the course on
Philosophy and letters. He enrolled in this course for two years:
(1) His father like it and
(2) He was “still uncertain as to what career to pursue”.

He had written to Father Pablo Ramon, Rector of the Ateneo, who had been good to him during
his student days in that college, asking for advice on the choice of a career. But the Father
Rector was then in Mindanao so that he was unable to advise Rizal. Consequently, during his
first year term (1877-1878) in the University of Santo Tomas, Rizal studied Cosmology,
Metaphysics, Theodicy, and History of Philosophy.

It was the following term (1878-79) that Rizal, having received the Ateneo Rectors’ advice to
study medicine, took up medicinal course, enrolling simultaneously in the preparatory medicinal
course and regular first year medical course. Another reason why he chose medicine for a
career was able to cure his mother’s growing blindness.

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 \

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 DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD

After finishing the fourth year of his medical course, Rice decided to study in Spain. He
could no longer endure the rampant bigotry, discrimination, and hostility in the University of
Santo Tomas. His older brother readily approved his going to Spain and so did his two sisters
Saturnina (Neneng) and Lucia, Uncle Antonio Rivera, the Valenzuela family, and some friends.

For the first time, Rizal did not seek his parent’s permission and blessings to go abroad,
because he knew that they, especially his mother, would disapprove it. He did not bring his

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beloved Leonor into his confidence either. He had enough common sense to know that Leonor,
being a woman, young and romantic at that, could keep secret. Thus Rizal’s parents, Leonor
and the Spanish authorities knew nothing of his decision to go abroad in order to finish his
medical studies in Spain, where the professors were moral liberal than those of the University of
Santo Tomas.

Citing discrimination against Filipino students by the Dominican professors in Medicine,

Rizal left the medical program in 1882. Believing that education in the country was limited, he
boarded as ship to Spain with the support of his brother Paciano but without informing his
parents. The ten years he would spend on the European continent would leave an indelible
mark on his personality and open his eyes to the world, develop his natural talents and
strengthen his devotion to his motherland.

ACADEMICS IN EUROPE

In Spain, he continued the studies that were stalled in the Philippines and enrolled at the
Universidad Central de Madrid where he graduated in 1884 with a degree in Medicine, and a
year later with a degree in Philosophy and letters from the same institution. Even after the
completion of these degrees, he still was not satisfied and traveled to France and studied at the
University of Paris.
In his pursuit to further increase his knowledge in his chosen field of specialization –
ophthalmology- he studied at the University of Heidelberg under the distinguished eye specialist,
Professor Otto Becker.

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 ACTIVITY #4

Discussion Points and Exercise Questions

Direction: Read and understand this module. Provide what is being asked. Use the Rubric below as
your guide. Write your answer in a long bond paper (Hand written) and attached to the last page of this
module.

TASK:
Discuss why Rizal changed his surname instead of Mercado. What is the meaning of this surname
as well as relevance to his personality?

20 POINTS RUBRIC
Level Description
Outstanding Well written and very organized. Excellent grammar mechanics. Clear and
concise statements. Excellent effort and presentation with detail. Demonstrates a
thorough understanding of the topics.
Value: 18-20
Level Description
Good Writes fairly clear. Good grammar mechanics. Good presentation and
organization.
Sufficient effort and detail.
Value: 15-17
Level Description
Fair Minimal effort. Good grammar mechanics. Fair presentation. Few supporting
details.
Value: 10-14
Level: Description
Poor Somewhat unclear. Shows little effort. Poor grammar mechanics. Confusing and
incomplete sentences. No organization of thoughts.
Value: 5-9
Level: Description
Very Poor Lacking effort. Very poor grammar mechanic. Very unclear. Doesn’t address
topic. Limited attempt.
Value: 1-5

End of fourth week

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 SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, South Cotabato

GENERAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

___________________________________________________

LEARNING MODULE
FOR
GE 119: LIFE AND WORKS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL

_____________________________________________________

WEEK 5

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 WEEK 5
RIZAL’S FIRST TRAVEL ABROAD

1882

3 May
Rizal left the Philippines for the first time for Spain. He boarded the boat Salvadora using a
passport of Jose Mercado which was procured for him by his uncle Antonio Rivera, father of
Leonor Rivera. He was accompanied to the quay where the Salvadora was moored by his
uncle Antonio, Vicente Gella, and Mateo Evangelista.
4 May
He got sea-sick on boarding the boat.
5 May
He conversed with the passengers of the ship; he was still feeling sea-sick.
6 May
He played chess with the passengers on board.
8 May
He saw mountains and islands.
9 May
Rizal arrived at Singapore.
10 May
He went around the town and Singapore and made some observations.
11 May
In Singapore, at 2:00pm. Rizal boarded the boat Djemnah to continue his ship for Spain. He
found the boat clean and well kept.
12 May
He had a conversation with the passengers of the boat.
13 May
Rizal was sea-sick again.
14 May
On his way on Marseilles, Rizal had a terrible dream. He dreamed he was traveling with
Neneng (Saturnina) and their path was blocked by snakes.
15 May
Rizal had another disheartening dream. He dreamed he returned to Calamba and after
meeting his parents who did not talk to him because of not having consulted them about his
first trip abroad, he returned travelling abroad with one hundred pesos. He was so sad and
broken hearted. Soon he woke up and found himself inside his cabin.
17 May
Rizal arrived at Punta de Gales, Colombo (Sri Lanka)
18 May
At 7:30am; he left Punta de Gales for Colombo. In the afternoon, Rizal arrived at Colombo
and in the evening the trip was resumed.
26 May
Rizal was nearing the African coast.
27 May
He landed at Aden at about 11:30am. He made observations of the town.
2 June
He arrived at the Suez Canal en route to Marseilles.
3 June
He was quarantined on boarding the Djemnah in the Suez Canal.
6 June
It was his fourth day in the Suez Canal and was still quarantined on boarding the boat.

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7 June
Rizal arrived at Port Said. In a letter to his parents, he described his trip en route to Aden
and along Suez Canal.
11 June
Rizal disembarked and accompanied by a guide, he went around the City of Naples for one
hour. This was the first European ground he set foot on.
12 June
At ten o’clock in the evening, the boat anchored at Marseilles. He slept on board.
13 June
Early in the morning he landed at Marseilles and boarded at the Hotel Noalless. Later he
went around for observation
14 June
His second day in Marseilles
15 June
He left Marseilles for Barcelona in an express train.

Rizal in Barcelona, Spain

16 June
At 12:00 noon, Rizal arrived at Barcelona and boarded in the Fonda de Espana.
23 June
In a letter, Rizal related to his parents his experiences during his trip from Port Said to
Barcelona. In the same letter, he requested them to send him his birth certificate and a
statement showing that he had his parents in the Philippines.
18 August
P. Leoncio Lopez of Calamba issued a certified copy of Rizal’s birth certificate.
20 August
His article “Amor Patrio” was published in the Diariong Tagalog, a Manila newspaper edited
by Basilio Teodoro. This was the first article he wrote abroad.

Rizal in Madrid, Spain

12 September
Rizal matriculated at the UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE MADRID. He took up the following
subjects: medical clinic, surgical clinic, legal medicine and obstetrical clinic.
2 October
He attended his regular classes which started in all earnest.
4 October
Asked to deliver a poem by the members of Circulo Hispano-Filipino, gathered together in
an effort to save the association from disintegration, Rizal recited “Meppiden versos.” The
meeting was held at the HOUSE OF PABLO ORTIGA Y REY.
7 October
He attended again the meeting of the Circulo Hispano-Filipino held in THE HOUSE OF MR.
ORTIGA
7 November
Rizal wrote an article entitled “Las Dudas.” The article was signed laong-Laan.
30 December
In a letter, Rizal revealed to Paciano his plan of going to Paris or Rome in June. He wanted
to practice French in Paris and Italian in Rome and to observe the customs of people in
those cities.

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 In the evening, Rizal dreamed he was an actor dying in the scene, feeling intensely the
shortage of his breath, the weakening of his strength, and the darkening of his sight. He woke
up tired and breathless.

1883

15 January
He attended the birthday party of Pablo Ortiga with some of the Filipinos
16 January
He attended Masquerade ball in ALHAMBRA with some of his countrymen
13 February
In a letter, Rizal apprised his brother Paciano of his activities in MADRID, his impressions of
the city and his meetings with his friends in gatherings. In part he said “the Tuesday of the
Carnival we had Filipino luncheon and dinner in the HOUSE OF THE PATERNOS, each
one contributing one duro. We ate with our hands, boiled rice, chicken adobo, fried fish and
roast pig.”
2 May
Rizal collected his past impressions when he left his hometown CALAMBA. This day he
attended fiesta in Madrid
26 May
In a letter, Rizal was informed by Paciano of the 1350 loaves of milled sugar produced from
the PANSOL FARM and at the same time granting him to proceed to PARIS as soon as he
finished the medical course in MADRID.
15 June
Rizal left Madrid for Paris to spend his summer vacation to observe the big French City

Rizal in France

17 June
Rizal arrived at Paris. He spent the whole day walking around and observing the beautiful
buildings.
18 June
With Felipe Zamora and Cunanan, he visited the Leannec Hospital to observe how Dr.
Nicaise treated his patients. He was stunned to see advanced facilities and the
accommodations in the said hospital
19 June
He again visited Dr. Nicaise who showed them the technique of operation. Later, he went to
see Dupytren Museum.
20 June
Rizal visited the Lariboisiere Hospital where Felix Pardo de Tavera was an extern. Here, he
observed the examination of different diseases of women.
21 June
After watching the operation done by Dr. Duplay, he went to Jardin d’ Acclimitation situated
outside Paris in the forest of Bologna. He found there plants of all species and the rarest
and most beautiful birds
5 July
In a letter to his parents, sisters and brother, Rizal continued describing the museums,
buildings and hospitals he had visited in Paris.
2 August
In a letter to his parents, he continued describing his visits to museums and his excursions
to important places in Paris.

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 Rizal back in Madrid

20 August
Rizal was back in Madrid from his summer vacation in Paris.

6 September
He changed his residence from Barquillo St. No. 32, 4° to San Miguel No 7, 1 centro.
28 September
He enrolled at Central Universidad de Madrid for the second course in medicine.
October
He came to know the imprisoned, by order of St. Vicente Barrantes, of the 14 rich innocent
persons in Manila. The prisoners who knew nothing of the cause of their detention and who
became sick later, where kept in humid prison cell. Rizal was indignant of this inhumane
act.
16 October
He learned from Maria Katigbak about the 400 cholera victims in Lipa and 3 of Beri-beri.
The name Rizal according to Katigbak, became very well known in Lipa as one of those
who excelled in their studies abroad.
28 October
He had a new address. He lived with Eduardo Lete and the two Llorente brothers, Julio and
Abdon, In Baño 15 Pral.
21 November
Rizal informed his family of his plan to graduate in medicine at the end of the course in
June.
27 November
Rizal was given a letter by his sister Maria that Soledad was married on November 4, 1883.
He was also informed by Narcisa that the causes of the delay in sending him letters were
the cholera, the typhoon, and the death of the parish priest, events which occurred in
succession.
31 December
In the evening, Rizal delivered a speech in banquet held at the Cafè de Madrid. Many
Filipinos were gathered in the restaurant to bid goodbye to the year 1883.

1884

2 January
Rizal proposed to the members of Circulo, assembled in the house of the Paternos the
publication of a book by the association. This idea became the embryo of his first novel Noli
Me Tangere.
3 January
Early in the morning, Rizal went to the University of San Carlos only to find out that there
was no class. He immediately went to Cafè de Madrid to meet the members of Circulo who
were gathered again to discuss the proposed book.
4 January
Rizal received letters from his uncle Antonio Rivera. They were according to him, full of
good and interesting news.
5 January
Rizal and the Filipino students were reunited again in the house of the Paternos to
reorganize the association. Since no action was taken on that day, it was agreed to gather
again next Sunday.
6 January
Rizal met Valentin Ventura. They took their support in the English Restaurant in Madrid.

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7 January
Rizal’s professor in Greek slashed at the students accusing them of insubordination. The
students of the University of San Carlos were on strike, thus preventing him to attend the
class.
8 January
Rizal finished two drawings. He met Ruiz who proposed to him that if there would be
someone who would pay the expenses of the Circulo, Rizal would be made president.
9 January
He did not spend a single centavo on this day. He attended Greek classes and finished his
figure drawing.
10 January
Rizal received two letters: one from his uncle Antonio dated December 2, and the other
from Paciano dated November 30.
11 January
In Madrid, Rizal was visited by Antonio Aguirre. Later, he went to class and met Pareda
there.
12 January
Rizal went to the theatre. He enjoyed seeing the “El octavo no mentir” and “Unaño mas.”
13 January
In the afternoon, in the house of Paternos, Rizal attended the meeting of the Filipino
students.
15 January
Rizal and other Filipino students in Madrid attended the birthday party of Pablo Ortiga y
Rey. There was a dance.
16 January
In the morning, Rizal went to class. After his class, he visited his patient on Number 10 bed,
who thanked Rizal for the help he extended. The patient recovered immediately.
17 January
He went with Llorente to witness the proceedings in the senate. At 6:00p.m., after more
than five hours of waiting outside, they were able to enter the hall.
18 January
Rizal was not able to attend his class due to the demonstration of the students of the
College of Law and the College of the Medicine against the Minister of Finance.
19 January
Still no class and Rizal did not go to the University. He went around collecting the debt due
him from his friends studying in Madrid.
20 January
Rizal met Valentin Ventura and Rafael. He spent the C.O (Consuelo Ortiga) a piece of
Guimaras cloth. He brought a tenth part of a lottery tickets for pesetas.
21 January
He went to class. The student of the college of law still refused to enter. They waited the
abolition of the decrees. Rizal, thru Eduardo Lete, received the thanks of C.O. for the
Guimaras cloth.
23 January
Rizal visited the artist Esteban and Melecio (Figueroa). Then he visited the Paternos. He
met Antonio and Maximo and later Paterno. The Paternos requested him to exhibit his
photos, but Rizal refused because the pictures contained dedications.
24 January
Rizal was visited by Valentin Ventura. The strike of the students in the University of San
Carlos was settled and the students on the College of law entered their classes.
25 January
Rizal had a sad dream. He dreamed he returned home, but what a sad reception! His
parents did not meet him.
26 January
Rizal with Esteban Figueroa, Sanmarti, Eduardo Lete and Rafael went to the house of
Etermes Figueron. This was the most peaceful reunion of the Filipinos had.
27 January

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 He had a picture taken in the house of Otero. He was visited by Maximo and Antonio
Paterno. They planned to see the Ateneo, Madrid, but the weather did not permit them.
28 January
He visited the Ateneo with Antonio and Maximo (Paterno). It was beautiful, side and well
decorated. He met a beautiful girl at the door of his neighbor’s house.
29 January
He attended the masquerade ball in Madrid in which he enjoyed by dancing in every piece.
There were two masked persons who were joking him but whom he did not recognize.
30 January
Rizal sent three letters to the Philippines, onefor his uncle Antonio Rivera, another for Jose
Cecilio (Chengoy) and the other for Lolay. He sent also newspapers: El Imparcial, El Dia
and El Liberal.
31 January
For the month of January, he spent a total of 329.63 pesetas.
1 February
He went to the theatre of Eslava to hear politics and bull-fighting. Later he went to the Café
de Madrid.
2 February
Rizal in the Filipino students was gathered in the house of D. Paul, to discuss the affairs of
the association.
3 February
He was visited by the Cortabitarte sisters accompanied by their mother. He receives them
amiably.
4 February
He stayed at home, seriously reviewing his lesson for the examination.
5 February
He visited Valentin Ventura who was slight sick of dermatitis.
6 February
Rizal felt sad for the death of hid professor in History, D. Federico Lara. Of the professor,
Rizal said: "very nice person, at least by the little I knew of him."
7 February
He witnessed the discussion between the two Spaniards in the street of Lobo, one
sustained that all Spaniards are brave and the other, that not all are brave.
9 February
He was very much disgusted of the result of the "La Macosta" which he saw for 2.10
pesetas.
10 February
Rizal had a work around the University District. Later, he went to see Consuelo Ortiga.
13 February
He sent letters to his uncle Rivera and to his family, the latter with a picture.
17 February
Rizal made operation on arterial vein in the Hospital de la Princesa.
25 February
He attended the carnival where he saw at his side a beautiful girl, with blue eyes and a
pleasant smile.
7 March
Rizal performed an operation with Mariani. In the evening, he attended English lecture
conducted by a Mr. Schuts in the Ateneo de Madrid.
9 March
He was visited by Cunanan and Valentin Ventura. They talked on various matters.
11 March
Rizal receive an information from his uncle Antonio to the effect the Sra. Ticang became
crazy.
- He bought a German on this day.
15 March
He visited D. Quintin Meynet in Atocha Street, Madrid. Later He and Eduardo Lete,
Sanmarti, Paco Esquivel and Esteven Figueroa were gathered in the house of Pablo Ortiga.
19 March

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 He receives postcards from Pepe Esquivel, Aguirre, from the family of Ruiz, Eriate, D.
Pablo y Carillo, and Pedro Paterno.
30 March
Rizal wrote letters for home, for Leonor Rivera and for his uncle Antonio Rivera.
31 March
He enjoyed his visit with the family of V: talked with the children. For him, this day was full of
recollections. He realized that days ran fast.

8 April
He started his sculptural work representing the "wounded gladiator."
13 April
He receives letters from Leonor Rivera, Uncle Antonio, and from Chengoy (Jose Cecilio). He
was very much contented with the news, although not of the health of the Leonor.
17 April
He saw Rossi, the Italian actor representing the Kean, Dumas’ drama. He was surprise of
the effect – well represented. Jose Cecilio informed him about the rivalry between Leonor
Valenzuela and Leonor Rivera. He told rizal in a letter about the desire of Miss Rivera to see
Miss Valenzuela with the object of settling the rivalry.
- From the same letter learned that two thirds medical students studying University of Santo
Thomas failing grades.
20 April
He receive uncle Antonio 500 pesetas he went to visit the brother, but they were home.
24 April
In the evening he saw Hamlet presented and he had a pleasant moment how wonderfully
was interpreted.
1 May
He stopped eating in Calle de Lobo, Madrid; he went to the Calle de Principe. He dropped
his German language lessons in order to devote the entire month to his studies for the
coming examinations.
6 May
Rizal answered Lorenzo D’Ayot who published an article entitled "El Teatro Tagalo."
5 June
He took the examination on medical clinic, 2nd course, in Central University de Madrid.
6 June
He took the examination in his last subject in Medicine, Surgical clinic, 2nd course. He got
grade of "ver good."
9 June
Rizal filed an application for graduation for the degree of Licentiate in Medicine.
13 June
He took an examination in Greek and Latin literature. He obtained a grade of "excellent" in
both subjects.
14 June
He took an examination in Greek, 1st course, and got a grade of "excellent."
17 June
Rizal pawned his ring to pay the fees for the examination.
21 June
Finished the degree of Licentiate in Medicine with the grade of aprobado from the Central
Universidad de Madrid.
25 June
Rizal won first prize in Greek contest, after which he delivered a speech in honor of the two
Filipino painters, Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo. The occasion commemorated
the triumph of the two, especially Luna who won the first prize for his Spoliarium during the
National Exposition of Fine Arts held in Madrid that year.
26 June
He took an examination in Universal History, 2nd course. He grade of "excellent."
27 June
He was informed in a letter by Mariano Katigbak about the deteriorating health of Leonor
Rivera caused by her too much loving and waiting for her love one.

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1 July
Explained the term "Filibusterismo" in the newspaper of Madrid El Progreso, calling the
attention of the Spanish authorities over the case of future of the Filipinos. He asked for
freedom of the press and the right of representation of the Spanish Cortes.
29 August
Came to know how Pedro Tobin of Nagcarlan Laguna, was gypped in Madrid. The man was
fooled and all his cash was lost. He relayed the news to the Philippines thru his parents.

31 August
The popularity of his speech delivered during the Luna-Hidalgo banquet held in Madrid,
reached the Philippines via two ways: one thru the draft Rizal sent to Antonio Rivera and
the other thru the periodicals he sent to his friends.
30 September
He was issued the diploma of ordinary prize obtained during the examination given last
June 30, in the subjects of Greek and Latin Literature at the Central Universidad De Madrid.
5 November
He receives the news from Paciano that the cause of the sickness of their mother was his
speech delivered during the banquet in honor of two Filipino painters. Their mother feared
that Rizal could no longer return to the Philippines as opined by both his friends and
enemies in the country.
16 November
He wrote a letter to his family in Calamba asking their permission for him to return to the
Philippines. Because of the treaty of commerce being negotiated between Spain and United
States and the plan of England to enter into the said treaty, Rizal predicted the fate of the
Philippine sugar. He said it would turn from bad to worse.
20 November
Rizal witnessed the tumultuous scene in the Central Universidad de Madrid where the
students and professors staged a strike against excommunication imposed by the bishop
on the lecture proclaiming the freedom of science and of the teacher.
21 November
With Valentin Ventura, he escaped from being arrested by a police lieutenant and a secret
service man in connection with strike staged by the University students.
22 November
He disguised himself three times to evade arrest by the law agents who were eyeing on
him. The indignation rally of the students continued and more arrest were affected.
26 November
Desirous to help the family, Rizal in a letter reiterated his wish to return home.
11 December
Teodora Alonso admonished not to meddle in things which would give her displeasures, not
tom fail to comply with the duties of good Christian, and not to expect too many letter from
her and she was already very old and could not see very well due to her failing sight.

1885

1 January
Paciano begged Rizal to wait for the opportune time to return to the Philippines. In a letter,
he told Rizal that their parents would see him in Hong kong sometime in the future, and not in
the Philippines were the situation was dangerous for him. Paciano asked for some
information about sugar beets in Europe, and advised Rizal to write tell their parents things
that would always please them.
26 February
In a letter Rizal told Jose Cecilio to marry Miss Leonor Valenzuela, than see her married to
the other person. The letter arrives on the Philippines last April 5 1885, on the same boat
which took Governor General Emilio Torero.

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30 March
Rizal sent a letter to his brother Paciano why not receive his pension. In the same letter he
mentioned his going either to England or Germany to specialize in ophthalmology.
18 April
He asked Jose Cecilio for advice as to who, between two Leonors, would be an ideal partner
in life. Cecilio, as an answer to the question, selected Leanoe Rivera for being more
feminine, more ductile, sweeter, milder, nicer, and above all more educated.
16 June 1885
Rizal receives a letter from Manuel Hidalgo informing him of another cholera case which
occurred in Manila. He requested by a letter to buy for him (Hildalgo) tha Spanish book
Emilio written by Rousseau.
He receives one hundred pesos (P100) from Saturnina and Manuel Hidalgo as their
contribution to his expenses in finishing Doctorate degree.
19 June
Rizal finished the degree in Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters with grade sobresaliente
from the Central Universidad of Madrid.
28 June
Rizal wrote to P. Faura and Sr. Barrantes requesting them to work for the transfer of
Silvestre Ubaldo to Calamba from Albay were the letter was signed as post master and
telegraphic operator.
30 July
In a letter, he asked permission from his parents to cure cholera patients in towns were there
were no doctors in order to earn at least $12 a day. He was financially hard up and wanted to
help his parents.
30 September
He was issued a diploma of ordinary prize on Hebrew language, obtained during the
examination offered last June 13 at the Central Universidad de Madrid. He w2as also issued
on his date another diploma of ordinary prize on Greek language, 2nd course.
1 October
Rizal planned to leave Madrid by the middle of the month. He intended to go to Germany to
learn the German language and to study advance course of ophthalmology.

Rizal in France

19 November
While in Paris, Rizal recieved information from Ceferino de Leon about the prevailing vices
among the Filipinos in the house of Aceveno in Madrid, abetted by the lousy women
gamblers.
27 November
Rizal’s transfer to Paris was disapproved by Paciano who, at the same time, informed Rizal
that his letter caused their mother to shed tears; that Rizal’s brown horse would be sold, the
money to be remitted to him in Paris together with the chronometer watch worth $300
(Mexican dollars).
4 December
He was practicing ophthalmology with Dr. Weeker at the Crugen Clinic.
19 December
The news that the Filipinos in Madrid were preparing a Christmas banquet in spite of the little
money they had been relayed in a letter to Rizal in Paris by Ceferino de Leon who also
informed the former about his (de Leon’s) plan of going to Paris the following summer.

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 1886

1 January
Rizal represented to Paz Pardo de Tavera a pair of Greek vases which he painted the other
with the picture of the Filipinos engaged in cockfighting, and the other with the same people
at work as milkmen and as prisoners at hard labor.
January
In the album of Paz Pardo de Tavera, he entered the illustrated story of the monkey and the
turtle.

Rizal in Strasburg, Germany

2 February
Rizal arrived at Strasburg, Germany. He visited the celebrated cathedral and climbed a
tower of 142 meters high, the fourth highest of the European towers.

Rizal in Heidelberg, Germany

3 February
He arrived at Heidelberg. The town to him looked gay. On the streets he saw students with
cups of different colors.
6 February
Rizal was living in a boarding house costing him 28 duros a month. He found German life full
of potatoes; potatoes in the morning and potatoes in the evening.
9 February
He penned a letter to his family in Calamba describing his life in Heidelberg and his trip from
Paris to the city of flowers.
14 February
With an old woman as guide, Rizal visited the interior of the famous castle in Heidelberg. He
saw the hall of the pages, the waiting room, audience chamber, the court, and many other
parts of building.
17 February
In a letter, he informed his family in Calamba of his visits to the eye clinic of Dr. Otto Becker.
18 February
He planned to change his residence. He wanted to tranfer to 12 Ludwigsplats, near the
University.
19 February
He must have transferred to 12 Ludwigsplats. In a letter to his family in Calamba, he
described the duels he saw in Hirschgasse among students belonging to different
corporation.
11 March
He wrote to his younger sister, Trinidad, describing the German girl as "serious, studious,
and very much attached to his work" However, she did not have that "delicacy of hearth’ of
the Filipino woman. He advised Trinidad to read and read.
22 April
While in Heidelberg experiencing the feeling of nostalgia for his parents and his country,
Rizal wrote the poem "A Las Flores de Heidelberg."

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 Rizal in Wilhelmsfeld, Germany

26 April
He left Heidelberg for Wilhemsfeld to honor invitation extended to him by Reverend Karl
Ullmer whom Rizal meet one day in the woods with the Pastor’s wife, daughter Eta and son
Freidrich. In Wilhelmsfeld where Pastor Ullmer was staying and working, Rizal was invited to
visit the vicarage. Later, on Rizal’s choice, he boarded with the Ullmer family until he left
Wilhelmsfeld by last week of June.
9 June
From Wilhelmsfeld, he reiterated in a letter to his parents, the necessity of writing him the
badly needed amount.
20-25 June
Rizal left Wilhelmsfeld for Hiedelberg. In Wilhemsfeld he studied the German country life and
practice speaking good German with the Ullmer’s family with whom he live.

Rizal Returned to Heidelberg

26 June
From Heidelberg Rizal sent to Reverend Ullmer the note of 100 pesetas. He wanted to
comply with the promise of paying a latter the amount he incurred while he was in
Wilhemsfeld.
14 July
In Hiedelberg Rizal was admitted member of the chess Club Germany. The Club Presidents
F. Zeferenz and [Link].
31 July
He sent to Prof. Ferdinant Blumentritt a book in arithmetic written in Spanish in Tagalog. This
started the communication between the two and also the start of their lifelong friendship.
6 August
Rizal wrote few expressive lines dedicated to this beautiful city Heidelberg. He was to start
his travel thru the cities along Rhine River.

- On this day he witnessed the fifth centenary celebration of the founding of the University of
Heidelberg, which he enjoyed very much.

Rizal on His Way to Leipzig

9 August
Rizal left Hiedelberg for Leipzig
10 August
He left Bonn for Colonia, on his way to Leipzig.
12 August
He arrived at Coblentz, one of the cities along the Rhine River.
13 August
Rizal was in Ehrenfels, Germany.
14 August
At 10:10 in the morning, he left Frankfurt for Leipzig.

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 Rizal in Leipzig, Germany

15 August
Rizal arrived at Leipzig at 9:30 in the morning.
16 August
In a letter, Rizal offered his little knowledge in Tgalog to Prof. Blumentrit for thr latter’s study
of the language. He said that his knowledge in tagalog which he studied since boyhood is as
useful as that friars and chroniclers who had stayed for a short time in the Philippines.
2 September
He witnessed the fiesta of the Sedan, which was highlighted by the inauguration of the
beautiful fountain in front of the museum of Leipzig
13 October
Rizal, in company with the school teacher, Hering visited one of two big beer manufacturing
companies, situated in Reudnitz, and owned by a Mr. Riebek.
14 October
He got acquainted persolly with Doctor Hans Meyer, chief of the Bibliographical Institute of
the Germany, and author of one of the two famous encyclopaedical dictionaries of Germany.
21 October
Rizal left Leipzig for Halle to observe the country life of the people there. He returned in the
afternoon.

Rizal in Dresden, Germany

29 October
Rizal arrived at Dresden at 8:20 in the morning.
30 October
He visited the Palacio Japonais and many other interesting places in Dresden.
31 October
In Dresden, he met Dr. A.B. Mayer, naturalist of the Dresden University. He was shown
interesting things taken from the Palaos Islands and from tombs in the Philippines.
1 November
He left Dresden this morning for Berlin. In the station, he was nearly cheated by the taxi
driver.

Rizal in Berlin, Germany

November
At 1:25 P.M., Rizal arrived at Berlin and boarded at the Central Hotel.
2 November
Rizal wrote a letter to his friend Pastor Karl Ullmer informing the latter of his arrival at the big
German capital the day before. He wrote: "Remembrances to your loving wife, Eta and to
Friedrich."
4 November
In a letter he informed Prof. Blumentritt about his meeting with Dr. A.B. Meyer last October
31 in Dresden. He was already residing at Jaeger Straesse 71,111.
9 November
He was admitted to the Real Biblioteca de Berlin to do some research and to read other
books. His admission ended on March 1, 1887.
22 November
In a letter, he informed Pro. Blumentritt that he had already sent to his nephews in the
Philippines the tragedies of Schiller and the stories of anderson, which he translated into
Tagalog.

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27 November
He made a small outline of the Teruray, dialect of the binhabitants of the Western coast of
Mindanao,which he later sent to Prof. Blumentritt.
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accelerate the pancreaticdiabetes experiences the pill with your sexualfunction. Therefore,
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lifethreatening.
11 December
Maximo Viola joined Rizal in Berlin. Rizal was not able to meet Viola at the station because
the former was sick.
12 December
Early in the morning Rizal visited Viola at the Central Hotel. They took breakfast together I
the restaurant below then hotel.
15 December
He started teaching Viola the German language.
23 December
He started dreaming of his mother.
24 December
Rizal was high spirit although he just recovered from sickness. He was very happy to be with
Maximo Viola. He finished translating one third of the book Waitz.
25 December
Rizal wrote his mother: "It is three times now that I constantly dream of you and sometimes
the dream repeats itself in a single night. I would not like to superstitious even if the Bible and
the Gospel believe in dreams, but I like to believe that you are thinking constantly me and
this makes my mind reproduce what goes on in you for after all my brain was a part of yours,
and this is not strange because while I am asleep here, you were awake there."
27 December 1886
He was required by the German police to provide himself with the necessary passports or the
risk of being expelled from German soil after three weeks.
30 December 1886
In a letter, told Prof. Blumentritt, of a plan of Maximo Viola to cope with him to Leitmeritz during
his visit there.
31 December 1886
A certain Captain and ex-aide of Geneva Moltke of the French-pruss War invited Rizal to his
home to celebrate the incoming New Year. Before this fiesta, Rizal bought a pair of chin pitchers,
painting them figure of an old man representing the outgoing year and a boy personifying the
incoming year.
January 1887
He became a member of the Ethnographic Society of Berlin in whose meeting he had the rare
opportunity of hearing the interesting lecture of Dr. Donitz on pre-historic Japanese tombs which
contained sets of dishes and other decorations.
11 January 1887
He met personally Dr. Teodor Jagor who invited him to attend the monthly luncheon of the
member of the Geographic Society. In one of luncheons, he came to know the famous Virchow,
president of the Anthropological Society of Berlin.
24 January 1887
He was again sick of fever and in the evening had stopped working on the novel. If not for
Maximo Viola, he would have transferred to Italy where according to him the climate was
healthful.
26 January 1887
He planned to translate the book of travels of Dr. Jagor as soon as he would finish translating the
book of Waitz. By spring, he hoped to finish this works.
7 February 1887
He was very busy this day and the previous days going to the clinic and making some clinical
investigations. In the house, he was occupied reading the copies of the Globus sent him Prof.
Blumentritt.
February 1887
He became a member of the Anthropological Society and the Geographic Society of Berlin.

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21 February 1887
He communicated to Evaristo Aguirre telling the latter that the novel Noli was being rushed for
publication. He requested Aguirre not to divulge the real title "Sampagas". At 11:30 in the
evening, he finished writing the novel.
1 March 1887
His admission to Real Biblioteca, where he used to read the books about the Philippines, expired
on this day.
5 March 1887
Rizal translated into French the "History of a Mother" by Andersen written in German.
21 March 1887
Copies of his novel came off the press. He sent one copy to Ptrong>
By the end of April, Rizal left in Berlin for Dresden where the most famous "Musco Etnografico"
was located. He met there the wise Filipinoogist director of the museum, Dr. A. B. Meyer, uthor of
the excellent monographs.
11 May 1887
Accompanied by Maximo Viola, Rizal left Berlin to visit the cities of Eurupe, including Dresden,
Leitmeritz, Prague, Vienna, Munich, Nuremberg, Ulm, Lausanne, and Geneva.

Rizal in Leitmeritz, Bohemia

13 May 1887
Rizal and Viola arrived at Leitmeritz at 1:30 in the afternoon. They were met at the station by
Prof. Blumentritt who conducted them to the Krebs Hotel, Room No. 12.
14 May1887
Rizal and Viola attended the session of the Board of Directors of the Tourist Club in Leitmeritz
thru the invitation of Prof. Blumentritt who was the club secretary. They were cordially received
by the President of the Club, Jose Krombholz. Rizal delivered an extemporaneous speech in
German, which was very much applauded by the audience for his fluency.
15 May 1887
With Prof. Blumentritt as their guide, Rizal and Viola visited the churches , the residence of the
Bishop and other important buildings of the city. They also visited the special friend of Prof.
Blumentritt, Dr. Carlos Czepelak, who wanted very much to see Rizal personally.
16 May 1887
Professor Roberto Klutschak invited Rizal, Viola, and Prof Blumentritt to dine in his house, and in
the evening in return, Rizal and Viola invited them in Krebs Hotel. At 9:45 that same evening
Rizal and Viola, accompanied up to the station by the whole family of Prof. Blumentritt and Prof.
Kluschak, left Leitmeritz for Prague.

Rizal in Brunn

19 May 1887
Rizal bade goodbye to Prof. Dr. Willkomn, State Adviser in Brunn. The lovable daughter of the
professor reproached Rizal for not having told them of his artistic and poetic talents which they
read in Bohemia, a newspaper published in Prague. They left Brunn this day.

Rizal in Vienna

20-24 May 1887

Rizal and Maximo Viola arrived in Vienna at 2:30 P.M. of May 20th and both boarded at the Hotel
Metropole. 24 May 1887

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For the last 3 days, they were conducted around the city by Mr. Masner to see the points of
interest, especially the Museum. On this day, Rizal was interviewed by Mr. Alder of the
newspaper Extra Blatt.
25 May 1887
With Viola, Rizal left Vienna for Salzburg which they, too, left the following day, May 26, for
Munich.

Rizal in Munich, Germany

26-30 May 1887

Rizal and Viola were boarders of Rheinischer Hof or Rhine Hotel in Munich for five days. On May
29, 1887, they drank beer in the business establishment, LowenbranKeller Munich.
30 May 1887
they left for Stuttgart.

Rizal in Stuttgart, Germany

31 May, 1887
Rizal and Viola arrived at the Geneva and boarded at the Hotel Merquardt. They left for Basel the
following day, June 1.

Rizal in Basel, Switzerland

3 June 1887
Rizal and Viola drank beer in Baverieche, Bierhalle, Basel, Switzerland. A paper napkin with the
trademark of the said establishment proves that they were in this place on their way to Geneva.
They left the place the following day, June 4.

Rizal in Geneva, Switzerland

6 June
Rizal and Viola arrived at Geneva and boarded at Rue due Rhone 3, Pension Bel-Air. Here
Rizal expressed his feeling against the exhibition of the Igorots in Madrid side by side with
the animals and plants. In a letter to Blumentritt, he wished the Igorots would die
immediately to avoid further sufferings.
10 June
Rizal changed the original plan for his trip. He wanted now to pass Italy, te country of
European Laws, before leaving Europe. He hoped to stay in Geneva up to the 20th of the
month.
13 June
Rizal sent a letter to Fernando Canon requesting the latter to sell the copies of the Noli, not
less than 5 pesetas per copy. Canon was given 10% commission for the copies sold.
19 June
With Maximo Viola, Rizal celebrated his 26th birthday in Geneva, Switzerland. His attitude
towards revolution was manifested in his letter to Blumentritt on the following terms: "I do
not have interest of taking part in any conspiracy, which seems to me very premature and
risky. But if the government obliges it to us, meaning, when no other hope is left for us than
search for our perdition in war, when the Filipinos prefer to die supporting misery, then I
shall also become supporter of violent means. It is on the hands of Spain whether to select

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 peace or perdition because it is an evident fact which all know that we are patient, very
patient and peaceful."
23 June
Rizal and Maximo Viola parted at Geneva, after visiting European cities
-Rizal going to Rome and Viola to Barcelona

Rizal in Rome, Italy

27 June
Rizal arrived at Rome and walked around the whole day. He visited the Capitolio, the Roca
Tarperya, the Palatinum, the Forum Romanun, the Museum Capitolinum and the church of
Santa Maria, the maggiore. He tool a flower from the Palace of Septimius Severus, which he
sent to Blumentritt
29 June
From Rome, Rizal wrote his father: "I was in Turin, Milan, Venice, Florence, and for some
days I have been here." Heannounced his return to the Philippines between the 15th and
30th of August.
30 June
He considered the day a lucky one for him, meeting on the railway an Italian priest who
treated him like an old friend and whom he considered his Father Confessor.

Rizal on His Way to Marseilles, France

1 July
In the train on his way to Marseilles, Rizal treated with much amiability by and American
couple who invited him many times to dine and drink with them, and who, before separating
in Monaco, bought fruits for him.
2 July
Rizal in Marseilles searched the bodegas of the "Mensagerias Maritimas" for the box of
merchandise.
3 July
Rizal was in the Bureau of Posts of Marseilles at 8 o’clock in the morning. He received two
letters there: One form Manuel Hidalgo and the other from Ferdinand Blumentritt. He left
Marseilles bound for his homeland on board the boat Djemnah on the same day.

Rizal Bound for the Philippines

4 July
Rizal passed the island of Cerdeña.
7 July
In a letter he informed Fernando Canon about his trip on board the Djemnah, about the
different co-passengers he had the activies he did on board.
8 July
He arrived at Port Said, Egypt.
July
He arrived at the Suez Canal.
21 July
Rizal arrived at Colombo, Ceylon. He went ashore and bought a hat.
26 July
He wrote in a postcard from the Strait of Malacca: "Greetings from the Strait of Malacca in a
sea as tranquil as a mirror..."

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27 July
Rizal arrived at Singapore.
28 July
Rizal left Singapore for Saigon.
30 July
He arrived at Saigon and transferred to the S.S. Hayfong, a passenger ship.
2 August
He left Saigon for Manila on board the S.S. Hayfong.
3 August
He slept on deck the whole night. He must have been enjoying the magnificence of the sea
illumined by the full moon.

Rizal in Manila

5 August
At 9:00 o’clock in the evening, Rizal arrived at Manila after five years of study and patriotic
labors in Europe.
6 August
He saw sunset in Maiveles.
8 August
Taking the boat Biñan, he left Manila Monday morning for Calamba via the Pasig River. He
found the river more exuberant than before.
18 August
In a letter, Archbishop P. Payo instructed Fr. Gregorio Echevarria, Rector of the University of
Sto. Thomas, that an information about the novel Noli Me Tangere be issued by a
Commission composed of University professors Fr. Matias Gomez, Fr. Norberto del Prado
and Fr. Evaristo Fernandez Arias.
30 August
He left Calamba for Manila to see Governor-General on the issue of the Noli Me Tangere
which caused torment among the friars in the Philippines. Governor-General Terrero asked
him for a copy and Rizal, after a few days looking for copy, handed him a worn out one.
– On the same date, the Calustro Universitario formed by the Rector of Santo Thomas upon
the order of the Archbishop of Manila, issued an order prohibiting the possession and
reading of the Noli Me Tangere.
September
Rizal decided not to leave his family within this year. His sister Olimpia died of hemorrhage
while giving birth. His father did not permit him to go out alone and eat in the house of his
relatives.
26 September
He sent to Blumentritt 6 cigarettes, sampaguita, cinnamon, kamuning flowers, and a
Tagalog lighter which he himself invented in Calamba and which he called Sulpakan. All this
things were placed in a small box which was used by Prof. Blumentritt in sending Rizal the
pin the latter left in Kreb Hotel, Leitmeritz, while the hero was yet in Vienna. He also informed
his good friend (Blumentritt) about the death of his sister Olimpia.
October
In order to discourage his townmates from going to cockpits and other forms of gambling, he
encouraged and popularized physical exercises by giving classes in gymnastics.
Meanwhile, he was happy to know that Prof. Blumentritt was translating his (Rizal’s) novel to
German, saying it was a greaqt honor for him.
19 October
Rizal made a pencil drawing of a sailboat sailing on Lagunade Bay, which he saw with Jose
Taviel de Andrade, Lieutenant of the Civil Guards assigned by the Governor-General
Terrero to protect him, during an excursion to Los Baños. This drawing was sent to
Blumentritt.

GE 119: Life and Works of Dr. Jose Rizal

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December 1887
Rizal and Maximo Viola met again in Manila in the house of Pedro Serrano, on San Jose
Street (Trozo). Viola endorsed to Rizal a Patient named Lorenzo Tuazon for an eye
operation.
3 December
He was able to earn $900 from his medical practice. He thought of taking with him the
amount when he would leave for abroad.
29 December
The Permanent Board Of Censure headed by Fr. Salvador Font issued a judgment
absolutely prohibiting the circulation of the Noli Me Tangere in the Philppines. Upon the
recommendation of the Governor-General, Father Font said: "…Aside of attacking so
directly, as you have seen your Excellency, the Religion of the state, institutions and
respectable persons for their official character, the book is replete of foreign teachings and
doctrines; and the general synthesis of the same is to inspire among the loyal and
submissive sons of Spain in these distant islands, profound,and furious hate to the mother
country…"
8 January
Rizal wrote a petition to the Administrator of Public Islands of Laguna about the Haciendas of
the friars in Calamba. He cited all the grievances of the Calamba folks and tenants against
the supposed owner of the hacienda. He said the owner didn’t help in the improvement of
agriculture, in the celebration of the town fiesta, in the education of the children, and that the
profit of the hacienda incresed due to the increased rentals.
3 February
Rizal, after staying in the Philippines for almost six months, left Manila for Hongkong,
bringing with him P5, 000 which he earned from his medical practice.

GE 119: Life and Works of Dr. Jose Rizal

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 ACTIVITY #5

Discussion Points and Exercise Questions

Direction: Read and understand this module. Provide what is being asked. Use the Rubric
below as your guide. Write your answer in a long bond paper (Hand written) and attached to the
last page of this module.

TASKS:
1. Would you consider that secret departure of Rizal without consent from his parents was
a right thing to do? Explain.
2. Why did Rizal continue his medical studies despite of his difficulties in medical field?

20 POINTS RUBRIC
Level Description
Outstanding Well written and very organized. Excellent grammar mechanics. Clear and
concise statements. Excellent effort and presentation with detail. Demonstrates a
thorough understanding of the topics.
Value: 18-20
Level Description
Good Writes fairly clear. Good grammar mechanics. Good presentation and
organization.
Sufficient effort and detail.
Value: 15-17
Level Description
Fair Minimal effort. Good grammar mechanics. Fair presentation. Few supporting
details.
Value: 10-14
Level: Description
Poor Somewhat unclear. Shows little effort. Poor grammar mechanics. Confusing and
incomplete sentences. No organization of thoughts.
Value: 5-9
Level: Description
Very Poor Lacking effort. Very poor grammar mechanic. Very unclear. Doesn’t address
topic. Limited attempt.
Value: 1-5

End of fifth week

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GE 119: Life and Works of Dr. Jose Rizal

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
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