14 Beam: (0.3% (plain bar) and 0.2% (HYSD bar), maximum: 4% Column: 0.8% (minimum) and 6% (maximum), practically: 4%, Slab: 0.15% (MS bar) and 0,129 (HYSD bar) Standard bend: 90° bend and standard hook: 180° bend. % Considering seismic forces inclination of stirrups should be 135° with its alignment having 10*dia, But not less than 75mm, ss Minimum diameter of stirrup/link/hoops: 6mm. = Column imum bar diameter: 12mm inimum no. of bar: 4 (rectangular), 6(cireular) and 8(octagonal) Steel requirement: 0.8% (minimum) and 6% (maximum), practically: 4%. Bar spacing should not be more than 300mm. ts Scheduling tool (bar chart) Bar chart > Bar chart is the t technique developed by Henry Gnatt in 1900 AD used in planning of project. > Itisalso known as Gnatt chart, > On the chart, by means of horizontal bars, different activities are represented. > Each bar is divided longitudinally into two portions. The top portion indicates the progress or completion of the activity whereas the bottom portion indicates the duration of activity. > Itis suitable for minor project. Model Questions Of Building Construction Technology 1. The lowest part ofa structure which transmits the load to the soil is known as ‘A Super-structure B Plinth C Foundation D. Basement 2. The foundation ina building is provided to ‘A distribute the load over alarge area B, increase overall stability ofthe structure C. transmit load to the bearing surface (sub soil) ata uniform rate. all of the above 3. The failure of foundation of a building is due to [Link] drawl of subsoil moisture B. unequal settlement of soil [Link] escape of the supporting material D. —_allofthese 4. The ability of sub-soll to support the load of the structure without yielding is known as A. bearing value of soil B. bearing power of soil . bearing capacity of soll [Link] one of these 5. The maximum beating capacity of soil is that of Ahardrocks —B, _black cotton soil [Link], coarse sandy soil D. __ fine sandy soil |[Link] the walls are subjected to heavy loading and the bearing capacity of the soil is very low, then the wall is constructed on Avreinforced concrete footing —_B. column footing. lean concrete footing [Link] of these 7. The minimum depth of foundation for buildings on clays is A02t004m B 04t006m GC — 06t009m D. —-09to16m 8. When heavy structural loads from columns are required to be transferred to a soil of low bearing capacity, the most economical foundation is A-shallow foundation _B.deep foundation _C. raft foundation. D. grillage foundation ‘9, In made-up ground having a low value of its bearing power, heavy concentrated structural loads are generally supported by providing ‘A-combined footing B. strap footing [Link] footing [Link] ofthese 110. Which of the following foundation is used for weaker soil? [Link] footing, B. Grillage footing € — Raftfooting —D._-—_allof these By:HariMahatara___National Academy(01 ye Class)-9824540310 erent gi B4RORIR(Physical)15 11. The raft foundations are generally used when the required area of footing is. ‘A-more than one-fourth [Link] than one-fourth C. more thanone-half _D. less than one-half 112. When two or more footings are connected by a beam, itis called ‘A-beam footing B. combined footing _C. strap footing D. mat footing 13. A foundation consisting of thick reinforced concrete slab covering the entire area of the bottom of the structure, is known as A pile foundation [Link] foundation C, raft foundation D. machine foundation 14, A black cotton soil is unsuitable for foundations because it A. undergoes volumetric changes with the change of atmospheric conditions B. swells excessively when wet C. shrinks excessively when dry [Link] ofthe above 115, When a heavy structure is to be constructed in sandy soil, the foundation used is ‘A pier foundation B. strap foundation [Link] foundation, D. any one ofthese 16. Pile foundation is generally used when the soil is, ‘A-compressible B. —water-logged C made-up type D. allof these 117, The type of foundation most suitable for bridges is ‘A pier foundation B. _raftfoundation © pillefoundation D. strap foundation 18. A combined footing is commonly used ‘A. when two columns are spaced close to each other B. when two columns are spaced far apart [Link] a set of columns D. under a set of walls 119. The best spacing of timber piles from centre to centre is, ‘A600 mm. B 700mm © 800mm Dd. 900mm 20, The maximum load on the wooden pile should not exceed ASOKN B 100kN Co 150kN D. —_200kN 21, When the pile is required to penetrate beds of hard soll or soft rack to reach its required depth, the best method od driving the pile is by [Link] hammer B. steam hammer C— waterjets D. boring 22, A temporary structure constructed in a river for excluding water from a given site to enable the building operation to be [performed on dry surface, is called ‘A-caisson B. —cofferdam well foundation D. _raftfoundation 23, A watertight structure constructed in connection with excavations for foundations of bridges, piers etc, is known as ‘[Link] B. cofferdam —C.___ well foundation D. _raftfoundation 24, The minimum depth of foundation for the load bearing wall ofa building is restricted to ‘A600 mm. B- 700mm 800mm Dd. 900mm 25, The dampness in a building is due to ‘A ground moisture B.rainwater_ —C._—_ defective construction D. allof these 26, The dampness on roof may be due to use of porous materials B. insufficient lap of covering material C. bad workmanship in plumbing D. —_allofthese 27. The most commonly used material for damp proofing is ‘[Link] [Link] C. cement solution D. cement concrete 28. In case of buildings without basement, the best position for damp-proof course (D-P.C) lies at Aoplinthlevel_ [Link] level €.150mm above plinth level. 150 mm above ground level 29. The best material is used for damp proofing is ‘Abitumen [Link] C.—_cement solution D. cement concrete 30, A semi-rigid material which forms an excellent impervious layer for damp-proofing is called ‘[Link] B. mastic asphalt c alumina D. _ bituminous felt 31, For D.P.C. at plinth level, the best material is ‘[Link] sheeting B. plastic sheeting . mastic asphalt D. cement concrete 32, A watertight structure constructed in connection with excavations for foundations of bridges, piers etc, is known as ‘[Link] B. —cofferdam well foundation D. raft foundation 33. The cavity wall is generally provided for ‘A preventing dampness B. —heatinsulation C. sound insulation [Link] of these 34, A flexible material used for D.P.C. is, A. bitumen sheeting B. plastic sheeting C mastic asphalt [Link] concrete 35. The cavity wall is provided for By:HariMahatara___National Academy(Online Class)-9824540310__ arene ga-0234R0R2R(Physical)16 ‘A preventing dampness B. —heatinsulation [Link] insulation _D. noise proof 36. A horizontal layer of bricks laid in mortar is known as Accourse B. stretcher header D. closer 37. The brick laid with its length perpendicular to the face of the walls called a Accourse BL stretcher. =. header D. closer 38, The brick laid with ts length parallel to the face of the wall is called a A-course B stretcher © header D. closer 39, Abrick which is cut in such a way thatthe width ofits one end is half that ofa full brick, is called ‘[Link] closer [Link] closer © bevelled closer D. queen loser 40, A brick which is half as wide asa full brick, is called ‘[Link] closer B. —mitredcloser C—_bevelled closer D. queen closer 41, Frogis defined as a ‘A. depression on the top face ofa brick B. _topmosteourse of plinth [Link] whose one end is cut splayed or mitred for the full width D._brick used forthe corner of a wall 42. The most important purpose of frogiin a brick isto ‘A-emboss manufacture's name B. __reduce'the weight of brick form keyed joint between brick and mortar D. improve insulation by providing ‘hollows! 43. In brick masonry, for good bonding ‘[Link] bricks need not be uniform in size B. bats must be used in alternate courses only : C vertical joints in alternate courses should fallin plumb. cement mortar used must have surkhi as additive 44. King closers are related to ‘[Link] post truss [Link] posttruss _Cebrick masonry D. doors and windows 45. A horizontal member of stone, concrete or wood provided to give suppor forthe vertical members ofa wooden window, called Ajamb B. reveal cil D.— quoin 46, The exposed vertical surface left on the sides of an opening after the door or window frame has been fitted in position, called Ajamb B reveal ce Wail D. —quoin 47. A batis the portion of a ‘[Link] not exposed to weather B. brick cutacross the width C. wall between facing and backing D. brick cut in such a manner that its one long face remains luncut 48, Hearting is the portion of a ‘A. wall not exposed to weather B. brick cut across the width C. wall between facing and backing D. brick cut in such a manner that its one long face remains uncut 149. A course of stone provided immediately below a cornice, is called A blocking course B. coping [Link] D. parapet 50, A course of stone masonry provided immediately above the cornice, is called A blocking course B. coping C frieze D. parapet 51, The type of stone masonry commonly adopted in the construction of residential building is A-uncoursed rubble masonry [Link] rubble masonry [Link] rubble masonry D. dry rubble masonry 52. In the frst class coursed rubble masonry ‘All the coruses are of the same height B. minimum heightof the course is limited to 150 mm .the length of the quoin is generally kept 450 mm. [Link] ofthe above 53, The type of masonry in which the stones of irregular size and shapes are used and there are no regular courses, is known as ‘[Link] rubble masonry B. coursed rubble masonry [Link] rubble masonry. dry rubble masonry 54, The minimum thickness ofa wall in stone masonry should not be less than ‘4.100 mm. 200 mm 350mm D. 450mm 55, A type of bond in a brick masonry consisting of alternate course of headers and stretchers, is called ‘A English bond B. Flemish bond stretching bond D. heading bond 56. A type of bond ina brick masonry in which each course consists of alternate headers and stretchers, Is called ‘[Link] bond B. Flemish bond [Link] bond D. heading bond 57. Ina stretching bond By:HariMahatara___National Academy(Online Class)-9824540310__arerer qHa-0234R0R2R(Physical)v7 ‘[Link] the bricks are laid as headers B, the arrangement of bricks is similar to English bond . all the bricks are laid as stretchers _D. the bonding bricks are laid at any angle other than zero or ninety degrees 58, Corince is defined as a A horizontal course of masonry projecting from the face of the wall B. horizontal moulded projection provided near the top ofa building C. covering placed on the exposed top of an external wall [Link] shaped portion of masonry at the end ofa sloped roof 59, Coping is defined asa A horizontal course of masonry projecting from the face of the wall B. horizontal moulded projection provided ner the top of a building C. covering placed on the exposed top of an external wall [Link] shaped portion of masonry at the end ofa sloped roof [60. A type of bond in which all the bricks are laid as headers on the faces of walls, is known as ‘A-raking bond B. — dutchbond = C.—_—facing bond. D. heading bond (61. A bond consisting of heading and stretching courses so arranged that one heading course comes after several stretching. courses, is called ‘A-raking bond B — dutchbond = C.——_—facing bond. D. heading bond 62, A stretcher bond is usually used for ‘A half brick wall B. —onebrickwall C. one andhalfbrickwall__D. two brick wall 63, The heading bond is usually used for Avhalf brick wall B. one brick wall .one and half brick wall D. two brick wall 64. The most commonly used bond for all wall thicknesses is A English bond B. Flemish bond [Link] bond —_D heading bond [65, Herring-bone bond is commonly used for A brick paving [Link] thick walls C. partition walls D. footings in foundations 66, The filing in cavities with cement slurry is known as A-coping [Link]-filling C grouting D. ——guniting (67. Ina raking bond ‘all the bricks are laid as headers B. the arrangement of bricks is similar to English bond . all the bricks are laid as stretchers D. the bonding bricks are laid at any angle other than zero or ninety degrees 168, The arrangement of bricks is similar to English bond in ‘Avraking bond —B, dutch bond facing bond D. heading bond 69. A wall built to resist the pressure of earth filling. is known as ‘[Link] wall B. retaining wall . parapet wall D. buttress 70, A retaining wall may be built in ‘Addrystone masonry _B. stonemasonry C plain cement concrete [Link] ofthese 71, Aretaining wall is commonly required in the construction of ‘hill roads B. masonry dams [Link] walls [Link] ofthese 72. A stone wall provided to protect the slopes of cutting in natural ground from the action of weather, is known as ‘A retaining wall B. breast wall C parapet wall D. buttress 73. A partition wall may be A folding B. collapsible [Link] D. any one of these 74, Plain brick type of partition wall is constructed by A. laying bricks as stretchers in cement mortar _B. laying bricks as headers in cement mortar c. reinforcing the brick wall with iron straps D. brick work built within a frame-work of wooden members 75. Brick nogging type of partition wall is constructed by A. laying bricks as stretchers in cement mortar B. laying bricks as headers in cement mortar Ic. reinforcing the brick wall with iron straps _ D. brick work built within a frame-work of wooden members 76. In a brick nogging type of partition wall the vertical wooden members are called By:HariMahatara___National Academy(Online Class)-9824540310__ arene Ga-0234R0R2R(Physical)18 ‘A-noggings B. studs csills D. templates 77. The sill in a wooden partition wall is the [Link] [Link] _C.upperhorizontal__D. intermediate horizontal, 78. In constructing concrete partition wall, the concrete mixture usually adopted is, AM100 B.M150 cM 200 D.M250 79. The brick flooring may be done with bricks A Tad flat [Link] right angle to the walls, [Link] on edge arranged in herring-bone fashion _D. all of the above '80. A type of flooring made with special aggregate of marble chips mixed with white and coloured cement, is called [Link] [Link] flooring. mosaic flooring D. asphalt flooring, 81. The moulding provided under nosing to beautify the elevation of a step of stair, is called A flier B. soffit c scotia D. tread’ '82, The horizontal upper part of a step on which foot is placed in ascending or descending a stairway, iscalled Ariser B tread flight D. nosing 183. A series of steps without any platform, break or landing in thetr direction, is called Ariser Bo tread. fight D. nosing 84. The brick flooring is used in [Link] B.—_godowns C.—_verandahs D. “none ofthese {85. The flooring made with small pieces of broken tiles of china glazed or of marble arranged in different pattern, is known as ‘[Link] flooring, B. mosaic flooring [Link] flooring —_D. granolithic flooring 186, In stairs, the fier is [Link] portion ofa step providing a support to the tread B. astraight step having a parallel width of tread [Link] under surface ofastair __D. the angle which the line of nosing of the stair makes with the horizontal 187. In stairs, the soffit is ‘[Link] portion ofa step providing a support to the tread B.a straight step having a parallel width of tread [Link] under surface ofa stair _D. theangle which the line of nosing of the stair makes with the horizontal 188, The projecting part of the tread beyond the face of riser is called Apiteh B. nosing C. baluster D. stringer 189, Ina public building, the stairs should be located near the ‘A-entrance B. centre © end D. toilet 190, The angle which the line of nosing of the stair makes with the horizontal, is called Avriser B flier Csoffit D. pitch or slope 91, In stairs, the vertical portion ofa step providing a support to the tread, is known as. Avriser Bo flier Csoffit D. pitch or slope 192, The size of a step commonly adopted for residential buildings is ‘A.250 mm x 160 mm B.270mmx150mm —C.300mmx130mm —_D.350mmx 100mm. 193, In residential building, the average value of stair width is ‘A600 mm 8.700 mm. ¢.800 mm D.900 mm. 194, The pitch of stair should never exceed ‘A200 B25 C300 D400 195. In designing a stair, the sum of going (in cm) and twice the rise (in cm) should be equal to Aso B50 Cr) D 70 106, In designing a stair, the product of going (in em) and the rise (in cm) should be equal to A300 B 350 c 400 D450 197. In wooden stairs, the thickness of tread is adopted as. A.28mm B 38mm CG 48mm D. 58mm 198. The vertical members which support the door frame are called A-reveals B styles C posts D. jambs 199. The external jamb of a door or window opening at right angles to the wall face, is called ‘A-reveals B styles posts D. jambs 1100. A horizontal member of a frame employed to sub-divide a window opening horizontally is called By:HariMahatara___National Academy(Online Class)-9824540310__arerer Wa-0234R0R2R(Physical)19 Asill B.—mullion © transom D. horn 1101. The bottom or lowermost horizontal part of a window frame is known as Asill B.—mullion © transom D. horn 1102. The width of jambs is A57mm to 76mm B76mmtoll4mm — ¢.114mmto138mm D.138 mm to 152 mm 1103. The depth of jambs is A57mm to 76mm B.76mmtoll4mm — C.114mmto138mm D.138 mm to 152 mm 1104. Which of the following statement is correct? ‘[Link] flat members connecting the jambs atthe top is called head. _B. The head is of the same size as the jamb C. The jamb are tennoned into the head and wedged, [Link] ofthe above 1105. The projections which help in securing the head of a door frame to the masonry, are called. A-reveals B. stops horns D. styles 1106. The window which projects outward from the walls of a room to provide an increased area of opening for admitting greater light and ventilation, is called ‘A dormer window B. corner window c —_ bay window [Link]-storey jwindow 1107. The window used with the object of providing light and air to the enclosed space below the roof, is called ‘A dormer window B. corner window © —— baywindow _D. clear-storey window 1108. The window usually provided near the main roof of a room and opens above the adjoining verandah, is called ‘Adormer window B. corner window ~baywindow _D. clear-storey window 109. In air conditioned building a door has to serve both purposes of opening and closing. The most suitable type of door for this purpose is A sliding door B. swinging door “evolving door D. none of these 110. The vertical distance between the wall plate and top of the ridge is called Arise B. pitch C template D. gable 1111. A ridge formed by the intersection of two sloped surfaces having an exterior angle greater than 180, is called A gable B hip C verge D. template 1112. block of stone or concrete provided under the end of tie beam to spread the load from the roof over a large area of bearing, is called [Link] Bhp C verge D. template 1113. The horizontal members of wood or stee! used to support the common rafter ofa sloping roof, are called ‘A purlins B cleats C —hiprafters DD. valley rafters 1114 In a sloping roof, the inclined wooden members laid from the ridge to the caves are known as Ahip rafters B. —jackrafters C.-——common rafters D. valley rafters 1115. A pitched roof in which rafters slope to one side only is called [Link]-to roof B. Pent roof CG — Aisteroof sD. anyone of these 1116. The combination of a king-post truss and queen post truss is known as ‘Accouple roof B. —collarbeam roof, © mansard roof D.—purlin {roof 117. The coupled roof is suitable for spans upto A35m Bo Sm © 65m D 8m 1118. The type of truss commonly used for spans varying from 5 to 9 metre is ‘[Link] post truss Bing post truss C —mansard truss D. composite truss 1119. A queen post truss is commonly used for spans Aupto35m — B.from3.5toSm Cfrom 5 to8m D. from 8 to 12m 1120. A couple-close roofis used for spans upto A3Sm BSm com D.4m 121. In pitched roofs, the term gable is defined as the ‘A-apex line of the sloping roof B. triangular upper part of a wall formed at the end ofa pitched roof [Link] distance between the internal faces ofthe walls, D. inclination of the sides of a roof to the horizontal plane By:HariMahatara___National Academy(Online Class)-9824540310__wrerer ga-0234R0R2R(Physical)20 1122. The term pitch in connection with pitched roofs is defined as the ‘A-apex line of the sloping roof B. inclination of the sides ofa roof to the horizontal plane C-horizontal distance between the internal faces ofthe walls, D. triangular upper part of a wall formed at the end of a pitch roof 123. The inner surface of an arch is called A-extrados B. _intrados © crown D. —voussoir 1124, The surface ofthe abutment on which the arch rests, is known as, Aspan B keystone C — skewback =D. crown 125. The highest point on the extrados is called Askewback — B.—_crown © voussoir D. keystone 126, The vertical distance between the springing line and the highest point on the intrados is called, [Link] Bo rise. =G.——haunch D. —extrados 1127. The wedge shaped unit (voussoir) placed at the crown of an arch, is called Askewback — B.—_intrados © —— extrados D. keystone 128. The perpendicular distance between the intrados and extrados of an arch, is called A pitch of an arch B. depth of an arch [Link] of anarch __D. thickness of an arch. 1129. The arch consisting of fully dressed stones, is called Aaxedarch =—-B.—_gaugedarch ashlararch _ D. rouble arch 1130. In a flat arch, the skew back is made to rest in an inclined position so as to make an angle of A30° BRB 640° «CSO Dd. 60" 131, The lower portion of an arch between the skew back and crown is called ‘A-depth Bo rise. =G~——haunch D. —intrados 132, The construction of a temporary structure required to support an unsafe structure, is called ‘Aunderpinning [Link] [Link] _D, jacking 1133. A temporary rigid structure having platforms raised up as the building increases in height, is called ‘[Link] [Link] _D- jacking 1134. The arrangement of supports provided underneath the existing structure without disturbing its stability, is known as, A-underpinning B. scaffolding, [Link] —__D. jacking 135. For a building on the side of a busy street where the ordinary scaffolding will obstruct the traffic on road, the type of scaffolding provided is ‘[Link]'s scaffold [Link]'s scaffold _C. steel scaffold D. needle scaffold 136. A system of providing temporary support to the party walls of two buildings where the intermediate building is to be pulled Jdown and built is called ‘A-ranking shore Bidead or vertical shore [Link] or horizontal shore. none of these 1137. The pointing which is extensively used in brick work and stone masonry face work, is ‘A flush poining, B. struck pointing .V-grooved pointing _D. tuck pointing 1138. The type of pointing in which the mortar is first pressed into the raked joints and then finished off flush with the edges of the bricks or stones, is called A. flust pointing B. struck pointing C.V-grooved pointing _D. tuck pointing 1139. The type of pointing in which the mortar is first pressed into the raked joint and then finished off flush with the face of the bricks or stones is called ‘A flush poining, B. struck pointing [Link] pointing —_D. tuck pointing 140. The process of filling up all mail holes, cracks etc. with putty is known as Aknotting B. priming © stopping D. finishing 144. The strength and durability of concrete depends upon [Link] of aggregates B. grading of aggregates C. moisture contents of aggregates [Link] ofthese 142. The breaking up of cohesion in a mass of concrete is called [Link] B. bleeding . segregation [Link] 143. The workability of concrete is defined as the ‘ease with which it can be mixed, transported and placed in position in a homogeneous state B. breaking up of cohesion in a mass of concrete By:HariMahatara___National Academy(Online Class)-9824540310__wrerer qa-023430R2R(Physical)21 C. separation of water or water-cement mixture from the freshly mixed concrete [Link] of the above 1144, Segregation in concrete results in ‘A-honey combing B. porous layers surface scaling [Link] of these 1145, Harshness in concrete is due to the excess of Awater [Link] particles [Link] sized particle D. coarser particles 1146. The type of ime used in lime concrete is A fatlime B. poor lime [Link] lime D. hydraulic lime 1147, Ferro-concrete is another name given to [Link] cement concrete [Link] cement concrete _C. prestressed cement concrete [Link] of these 1148. Plain cement concrete is strong in taking [Link] stress [Link] stress C. shear stress _D.all of these 149. The cement concrete in which high compressive stresses are artificially induced before its actual use, is called ‘A plain cement concrete [Link] cement concrete. prestressed cementconcrete_D. lime concrete 1150. For heat and sound insulation purposes, we shall use ‘[Link] concrete Bair-entrained concrete [Link] dust concrete. both (b) and (c) 151. The approximate ratio between the strengths of cement concrete at 7 days and 28 days is 3/4 b)2/3 gue os 152. The approximate ratio of strength of 15 cm x 30 cm concrete cylinder to that of 15 cm eube of the same concrete is. a) 1.25 b) 1.00 085 4) 050 153. The optimum number of revolutions over which concrete is required to be mixed in a mixer machine is a)10 b) 20 950 4) 100 154. The ratio of tensile strength to compressive strength of concrete is about 1/5 bya 91/0 ais 155. A cube of concrete as compared to cylinder of concrete is expected to have compressive strength a) less by 5% by) less by 15.% ©) more by 5% 4) more by 15% 156. The minimum mixing time, of cement concrete, in minutes is limited to a)2 by 310 ) 30 157. Tensile strength of concrete is measured by 2) direct tension test in the universal testing machine _b) applying compressive load along the diameter of the cylinder /c) applying third point loading on a prism 4d) applying tensile load along the diameter of the cylinder By:HariMahatara___National Academy(Online Class)-9824540310__ arene qa-0234R0R2R(Physical)Answer Sheet (Construction Technology) TA Tos ]ecp-][ayTeaye 32 C62 uf eee iced epee sete |c 38 oa_[_a_|_ 94 123) 36 6 |< | 96 126 38 a a 2 5 a3 D a5 D 46 B B a slo]a]>|alofal>|ola]a}s|o}> By:HariMahatara___National Academy(Online Class)-9824540310__wrerer qHa-0234R0R2R(Physical)