CE-117: Engineering Mechanics
MODULE 7:
Geometrical properties of Plane areas-II
(Moment of inertia, Polar Moment of inertia & Product of Inertia)
1
Lecture Objectives
To develop a method for determining the moment of inertia and product
of inertia for an area.
To calculate the moment of inertia and product of inertia for
composite areas area.
The design of these structural members
requires calculation of their cross-sectional
moment of inertia.
3
Moment of inertia of area
4
Moment of inertia of area
5
Polar moment of inertia
Referring again to Fig. 9.1, the polar moment of inertia of the area about point O
(strictly speaking, about an axis through O, perpendicular to the plane of the area) is
defined by
6
Problem 7.1
For a rectangle, compute the moment of inertia about the x-axis by
integration
Solution:
Caution: Magnitude of Ix will change by changing the position of reference x-axis 7
Problem 7.2
Determine the moment of inertia of the area about
the x- and y-axes.
8
Problem 7.2
Ix= ?
9
Problem 7.2
Iy= ?
10
Parallel-axis theorems
There is a simple relationship between the moments of inertia about two
parallel axes, provided that one of the axes passes through the centroid of the
area.
Referring to Figure, let C be the centroid of the
area contained in the plane region and let the
x - axis be the centroidal axis that is parallel to
the x-axis.
11
Parallel-axis theorems
12
Parallel-axis theorems
13
Parallel-axis theorems
14
Radius of gyration
In some structural engineering applications, it is common practice to introduce
the radius of gyration of area. The radii of gyration of an area about the x-axis,
the y-axis, and the origin O are defined as
15
Problem 7.3
For a rectangle, compute the following: (1) the moment of inertia about
the x-axis by integration; (2) the moment of inertia about the centroidal
axis that is parallel to the x-axis; and (3) the polar moment of inertia about
the centroid
Solution:
Ix for rectangular areas has already been calculated in Problem 15.1:
16
Problem 7.3
yʹ
xʹ
17
Problem 7.3
(3) the polar moment of inertia about the centroid.
Method 1
18
Problem 7.3
(3) the polar moment of inertia about the centroid.
Method 2
yʹ
d xʹ
19
Problem 7.4
Solution
20
Problem 7.4
21
Problem 7.5
Determine Ix by integrating properties of vertical differential strip
22
Problem 15.5
yʹ
xʹ
𝑦
We solved part 1 of problem 15.2 by
Ix= 2.13 m4 using parallel axis theorem 23
Inertial Properties of Plane Areas
24
Inertial Properties of Plane Areas
25
Inertial Properties of Plane Areas
26
Inertial Properties of Plane Areas
27
Inertial Properties of Plane Areas
28
Problem 7.6
For the area shown in Fig. (a), calculate the radii of gyration about the
x- and y-axes.
29
Problem 15.6
+ -
30
Problem 7.6
31
Problem 7.6
32
Problem 7.6
33
Problem 7.6
Composite Area
To determine the properties for the composite area, we superimpose the foregoing results
(taking care to subtract the quantities for the circle) and obtain
34
Problem 7.7
For the area, with centroid located in Problem 6.3, calculate Moment of
inertia about its centroidal x- and y-axes.
𝑦
333.36 mm
66.64 mm
391.08 mm
308.92 mm
35
Problem 7.7 𝑦1′
66.64 mm
𝑦
3
4
𝑥1’
𝑥
4 2 308.92 mm
3
4
4 2
4
Problem 7.7
2 𝑦
𝑦2 ′
2
4 66.64 mm
4
4 2
𝑥2’
4 𝑥
4 4 308.92 mm
4 2
4
Problem 7.7
𝑦 𝑦3′
2 333.36 mm
3
4
4 2
𝑥3’
4 391.08 mm
𝑥
3
4
4 2
4 4
4
Product of inertia
The product of inertia of a plane area (also called the product of area)
about the x- and y-coordinate axes is defined by
39
Product of inertia of symmetrical areas
40
Parallel-axis theorem
It can be proved that products of iner a about x -y
axes is:
41
Problem 7.8
Calculate the product of inertia Ixy for the angle shown in Fig. (a) by the
method of composite areas.
42
Problem 7.8
= +
43
Problem 7.8
44
Exercise 7
Determine the moment of inertia of the area about
the x- and y-axis
Ix= 0.607 m4 , Iy=0.222 m4 Ix= 1.54 in.4 , Iy=0.333 in.4
45
Exercise 7
Determine the moment of inertia of the area about
the x- and y-axis
Ix= 789x106 mm4 , Iy=10.3x109 mm4 Ix= 52.7x106 mm4 , Iy=2.51x106 mm4
46
Exercise 7
Determine the moment of inertia of the area about
the centroidal axes
Ixʹ= 124x106 mm4 , Iy ʹ =1.21x109 mm4
Ixʹ= 64 in4 , Iy ʹ =136 in4 47
Exercise 7
Determine the product of inertia for the area with
respect to the x and y axes.
Ixy =48 in4
Ixy =-110 in4 48