Refrigeration and Air

Conditioning
By
Dr. Sukanta Roy
Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Mizoram
Adjunct Associate Professor, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia
PhD (IIT Guwahati), MTech (NIT Silchar), BEng (NIT Agartala) , MASME, MIE CEng (India), SFHEA (UK)
Erasmus Mundus Post-Doctoral Fellow (ECN, France)
Post-Doctoral Fellow (IRPHE/AMU, France)

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Engineering Inspection and Quality Control | Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
 First Law of Thermodynamics adaptation of the Law of Conservation of Energy
differentiates between three types of energy transfer: Heat, Thermodynamic Work, and Energy
associated with matter transfer.

Law of Conservation of Energy, states that energy can not be created or destroyed; it can only
be redistributed or changed from one form to another.

From the first law of thermodynamics,

Q is positive when it is added to the system

and negative if it is taken out of the system.

W, Output Work (done on other systems) is

negative, Input Work (done on the system) is
positive.
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
Second Law of Thermodynamics:
According to the second law of thermodynamics,
any naturally occurring process will always cause
the universe’s entropy (S) to increase. The law
simply states that the entropy of an isolated system
will never diminish over time.

The second law of thermodynamics states

that the heat energy cannot transfer from a
body at a lower temperature to a body at a
higher temperature without the addition of
energy.

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
Heat Engine Vs Refrigerator Vs Heat Pump

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
Part 1: Efficiency of a Heat Engine

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
Part 2: COP of a Heat Pump

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
Part 3: COP of a Refrigerator

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
 The net work, thus the cycle efficiency, can be maximized by using processes
that require the least amount of work and deliver the most, that is, by using
reversible processes.

• Reversible cycles cannot be achieved in practice because the irreversibility

associated with each process cannot be eliminated.

• However, reversible cycles provide upper limits on the performance of real cycles.

• Heat engines and refrigerators that work on reversible cycles serve as models to
which actual heat engines and refrigerators can be compared.

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
Air Refrigeration Cycle OR Reversed Carnot Cycle

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
Air Refrigeration Cycle OR Reversed Carnot Cycle

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram
 Thank you

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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning| Dr. Sukanta Roy | National Institute of Technology Mizoram