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Mutations Worksheet Name Axel Moncada Date: ________ Per. _____
There are several types of mutations:
DELETION (a base is lost)
INSERTION (an extra base is inserted)
Deletion and insertion may cause what’s called a FRAMESHIFT, meaning the reading “frame”
changes, changing the amino acid sequence.
SUBSTITUTION (one base is substituted for another)
If a substitution changes the amino acid, it’s called a MISSENSE mutation.
If a substitution does not change the amino acid, it’s called a SILENT mutation.
If a substitution changes the amino acid to a “stop,” it’s called a NONSENSE mutation.
Complete the boxes below. Classify each as either Deletion, Insertion, or Substitution AND as either
frameshift, missense, silent or nonsense (hint: deletion or insertion will always be frameshift).
Original DNA Sequence: T A C A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T
mRNA Sequence: /A U G/ U G G/ A A C/ C G C/ U G C/ U G A/
Amino Acid Sequence: Tyrosine - Threonine - Leucine - Alanine - Threonine - Threonine
Mutated DNA Sequence #1: T A C A T C T T G G C G A C G A C T
What’s the mRNA sequence? /A U G/ U A G/ A A C/ C G C/ U G C/ U G A/ (Circle the change)
What will be the amino acid sequence?Tyrosine - Isoleucine - Leucine - Alanine - Threonine - Threonine
Will there likely be effects? yes What kind of mutation is this? Substitution: Missense
Mutated DNA Sequence #2: T A C G A C C T T G G C G A C G A C T
What’s the mRNA sequence? /A U G/ C U G/G A A/ C C G/ C U G/ C U G/ A (Circle the change)
What will be the amino acid sequence? Tyrosine - Aspartic acid - Leucine - Glycine - Aspartic acid - Aspartic acid
Will there likely be effects? yes What kind of mutation is this? Insertion: Frameshift
Mutated DNA Sequence #3: T A C A C C T T A G C G A C G A C T
What’s the mRNA sequence?/A U G/ U G G/ A A U/ C G C/ U G C/ U G A/ (Circle the change)
What will be the amino acid sequence? Tyrosine - Threonine - Leucine - Alanine - Threonine - Threonine
Will there likely be effects? yes What kind of mutation is this? Substitution: Silent mutation
Mutated DNA Sequence #4: T A C A C C T T G G C G A C T A C T
What’s the mRNA sequence? /A U G/ U G G/ A A C/ C G C/ U G A/ U G A/ (Circle the change)
What will be the amino acid sequence? Tyrosine - Threonine - Leucine - Alanine - Threonine - Threonine
Will there likely be effects? yes What kind of mutation is this? Substitution: Silent mutation
Mutated DNA Sequence #5: T A C A C C T T G G G A C G A C T
What will be the corresponding mRNA sequence? /A U G/ U G G/ A A C/ C C U/ G C U/ G A
What will be the amino acid sequence? Tyrosine - Threonine - Leucine - Proline - Alanine
Will there likely be effects? Yes What kind of mutation is this? Deletion: Frameshift
1. Which type of mutation is responsible for new variations of a trait? A frameshift mutation
2. Which type of mutation results in abnormal amino acid sequence? A missense mutation
A nonsense mutation
3. Which type of mutation stops the translation of the mRNA? ______________________________________________
Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickel cell anemia is the result of a type of mutation in the gene that codes for part of the hemoglobin molecule.
Recall that hemoglobin carries oxygen in your red bloods cells. The mutation causes the red blood cells to become
stiff and sickle-shaped when they release their oxygen. The sickled cells tend to get stuck in blood vessels,
causing pain and increased risk of stroke, blindness, damage to the heart and lungs, and other conditions.
Analyze the DNA strands below to determine what amino acid is changed and what type of mutation occurred.
Normal hemoglobin DNA C A C G T G G A C T G A G G A C T C C T C
Normal hemoglobin mRNA G U G/ C A C/ C U G/ A C U/ C C U/ G A G/ G A G/
Normal hemoglobin AA sequence Valine - Histidine - Leucine - Threonine - Proline - Glutamic acid - Glutamic acid
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Sickle cell hemoglobin DNA C A C G T G G A C T G A G G A C A C C T C
Sickle cell hemoglobin mRNA G U G/ C A C/ C U G/ A C U/ C C U/ G U G/ G A G
Sickle cell hemoglobin Valine - Histidine - Leucine - Threonine - Proline - Valine - Glutamic acid
Missense Mutation