Radar Signal Processing
Dr. Rajib Kumar Panigrahi
Course details
1. Subject Code: ECN – 550 Course Title: Radar Signal Processing
2. Contact Hours: L: 3 T: 1 P: 0
3. Examination Duration (Hrs.): Theory 0 3 Practical 0 0
3 3
4. Relative Weight: CWS 125 PRS 00 MTE 25 ETE 50 PRE 00
00
5. Credits: 0 4 6. Semester
Autumn Spring Both
7. Pre-requisite: Signal Processing, EM Theory, and Probability and statistics
8. Subject Area: MTech
Weightage:
CWS 25 % (20%Quiz+5% Matlab Assgn)
Midterm exam 25 %
EndTerm exam 50 %
Dr. Rajib Kumar Panigrahi, ECE Dept. IITR 3
Course Objective
• To learn the fundamentals of modeling,
filtering, designing, and detecting!!
Dr. Rajib Kumar Panigrahi, ECE Dept. IITR 5
Sl. No. Contents Contact Hours
Introduction to radar systems, History and applications of radar, Basic radar function, Radar classifications, elements of pulsed radar,
The radar equation, A preview of basic radar signal processing.
1. 6
Signal models, Components of a radar signal, Amplitude models, Clutter, Noise model and signal-to-noise ratio, Jamming, Frequency
models: the Doppler shift, spatial models.
2. 6
Sampling and quantization of pulsed radar signals, Domains and criteria for sampling radar signals, Sampling in the fast time dimension,
Sampling in slow time: selecting the pulse repetition interval, Sampling the Doppler spectrum,
3. 7
Radar waveforms, Introduction, The waveform matched filter, Matched filtering of moving targets, The radar ambiguity function, The
pulse burst waveform, frequency-modulated pulse compression waveforms, The stepped frequency waveform, Phase-modulated pulse
4. compression waveforms, Costas frequency codes. 8
Doppler processing, Alternate forms of the Doppler spectrum, Moving target indication (MTI), Pulse Doppler processing, Dwell-to-
dwell stagger, Additional Doppler processing issues, Clutter mapping and the moving target detector,
5. 7
6 Detection of radar signals in noise: detection fundamentals, detection criteria, Threshold detection in coherent systems, Threshold 8
detection of radar signals, binary integration, CFAR detection, CA CFAR.
Total
42
Textbook
Fundamentals of Radar Signal Processing
by M. Richards
McGraw-Hill, 2005, ISBN 0071444742
Introduction to Radar Systems
by M. Skolnik
McGraw-Hill , 2002, ISBN 0072881380
Radar Principles by Peyton Z.
PeeblePublisher: Wiley (2007)
ISBN-13: 978-8126515271
Dr. Rajib Kumar Panigrahi, ECE Dept. IITR 7
Introduction to Radar
What is a radar?
Dr. Rajib Kumar Panigrahi, ECE Dept., IITR
What is a radar?
• radar is derived from the phrase "radio
detection and ranging,"
• an electronic system
• used to locate objects beyond the range of
vision, and to determine their distance by
projecting radio waves against them.
Dr. Rajib Kumar Panigrahi, ECE Dept., IITR
A typical radar scene
Dr. Rajib Kumar Panigrahi, ECE Dept., IITR
Radar Basic Principles
Have you ever heard your own echo of your voice signal??
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Radar Basic Principles
Have you ever heard your own echo of your voice signal??
ct0
If Amp_echo>Threshold R=
2
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Radar advantages compared to Human vision:
Dr. Rajib Kumar Panigrahi, ECE Dept., IITR
Radar advantages compared to Human vision:
… Radar is able to operate day or night, in lightness or darkness
over a very long range.
… Radar is able to operate in all weathers, in fog and rain, it
can even penetrate walls or layers of snow.
… Radar has very broad coverage; it is possible to observe the
whole hemisphere.
… Radar detects and tracks moving objects, a high resolution
imaging is possible, that results in an object recognition; Radar
can operate unmanned, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Dr. Rajib Kumar Panigrahi, ECE Dept., IITR
Who is using the Radar system from time
immemorial??
Dr. Rajib Kumar Panigrahi, ECE Dept., IITR
BATS
Bats use a basic form of radar. They send sound waves that
reflect off of an object just as any radar systems do.
Dr. Rajib Kumar Panigrahi, ECE Dept., IITR
Historical Overview
Who invented the Radar
System??
Figure 1: “Würzburg Riese”, World War II
radar produced in 1940 by Telefunken
(Germany)
Dr. Rajib Kumar Panigrahi, ECE Dept., IITR
History: Important Theory , Inventions and Developments
1865 The Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell presents his
“Theory of the Electromagnetic Field”
1880+ The Indian physicist Prof. J. C Bose discovered
electromagnetic waves, thus demonstrating the Maxwell theory.
1897 The Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi achieved the first
long distance transmission of electromagnetic waves. Today
Marconi is known as pioneer of radio communication.
Dr. Rajib Kumar Panigrahi, ECE Dept., IITR
History: Important Theory and Inventions
1900 Nicola Tesla suggested that the reflection of electromagnetic waves could be
used for detecting of moving metallic objects.
1904 The German engineer Christian Hülsmeyer invents the "telemobiloscope" for a
traffic monitoring on the water in poor visibility.
1921 The invention of the Magnetron as an efficient transmitting tube by the US-
american physicist Albert Wallace Hull.
1922 The American electrical engineers Albert H. Taylor and Leo C. Young of the Naval
Research Laboratory (USA) locate a wooden ship for the first time.
In 1924, the British physicist Sir Edward Victor Appleton used radio echoes to
determine the height of the ionosphere.
1930 Lawrence A. Hyland (also of the Naval Research Laboratory), locates an aircraft
for the first time
Dr. Rajib Kumar Panigrahi, ECE Dept., IITR
British Radar in World War II
In 1939, in light of the threat
posed by Nazi Germany,
Great Britain built a series of
21 radar towers 90 miles
from London along the coast
facing France and Germany.
In 1940 the Nazis started a
series of bombing raids on
England. They knew that an
invasion would only be
successful if they could
establish air superiority. At
the time the Luftwaffe had
2,400 planes while the British
only had about 600. However
Britain have won many
battles.
Figure 2: Swingate Chain Home Radar Station
Dr. Rajib Kumar Panigrahi, ECE Dept., IITR
The stealth helicopters used in the 2011 raid on Osama bin
Laden are still cloaked in mystery
[Link]
Thank You