Digital Design Guide —3rdth Edition

Digital Design Guide • 4 Edition

DIGITAL DESIGN GUIDE
DIGITAL VIDEO FOR PROFESSIONAL AV SYSTEMS

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Extron Digital Design Guide
Over the past decade, the AV industry has evolved through multiple major technological transitions.
High resolution digital video, collaboration, and networking technologies now permeate the modern AV
systems used in organizations worldwide to facilitate communication and information sharing. As a leading
manufacturer of products engineered for the commercial AV market, Extron has an extensive history with
the development of product solutions and technologies for digital video system integration. We are pleased
to be offering the AV industry’s most complete portfolio of products for switching and distribution, signal
processing, signal extension, streaming over networks, and more.

This Digital Design Guide is an essential resource for the latest digital video formats and technologies, as well
as principles for formulating effective approaches to system design. It offers guidance in addressing common
AV design challenges, from reliably transmitting digital video over long distances, to successfully managing
EDID and HDCP throughout a system, and accommodating the newest 4K sources and displays. Ultimately,
the Guide aims to provide a solid technical and practical foundation for successfully designing systems that
fully satisfy an end user’s expectations for performance, reliability, and serving as an integral aspect of the
facility or organization’s core operations.

Extron Commitment to Technology and Product Development

At Extron, we maintain a very extensive R&D facility and a highly talented engineering staff, with a constant
focus on emerging technologies, and a continual dedication to creating AV solutions that satisfy the needs
of our customers. Among our greatest priorities today is delivering new products that make it easier for
integrators to successfully design high performance 4K video systems. Every year, we bring more products
to the pro AV marketplace than any other manufacturer, and our engineers are continually working on a long
list of exciting products in the pipeline. But our industry-leading R&D is only part of the story. Extron maintains
world-class, high capacity manufacturing facilities that are capable of satisfying market demands in a very
timely manner.

We’re very pleased to be offering the most comprehensive range of professional AV technology solutions.
Only Extron can provide all the products and solutions you need for designing AV systems to suit any
application, from a basic switching system with a single display, all the way up to large-scale AV distribution
installations for an entire university or corporate campus. We can even provide the means for you to integrate
AV between locations around the world.

Every product from Extron has been extensively designed and engineered specifically for professional AV
integration, with very high reliability, longevity, and performance. We’ve included a host of features and
capabilities to make it straightforward and efficient for designing, configuring, and commissioning systems,
and ensuring that they always function at their best for your clients. We’ve also built our products for
ruggedness and dependability in 24/7, mission-critical applications. Most importantly, we back each and
every one of our products with a complete satisfaction guarantee and a host of dedicated support services
unmatched by any other manufacturer in the professional AV industry.

Extron Worldwide Sales Offices

USA West USA East Europe Middle East India

Asia China Japan Korea

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
DIGITAL VIDEO FOR PROFESSIONAL AV SYSTEMS

Introduction to Digital Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Understanding 8K and 4K Video Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Digital Video Signal Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Anatomy of a Digital Video Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Understanding EDID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
DRM for the AV Professional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
System Design Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Professional AV Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Industry Leading Technololgy Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Support Services for AV System Designers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGNS

Multipurpose Room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Classroom with Live Streaming and Lecture Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Active Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Crisis Response Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
House of Worship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Operations Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Corporate Training Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Medical Operating Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Corporate Lobby Videowall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Open Space Meeting Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Meeting Room with Video Conference System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Basic Meeting Room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Huddle Room with Video Conference System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Scalable AV Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Museum Exhibit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Video Game Player Experience Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Esports Training Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

EXTRON DIGITAL VIDEO PRODUCT SOLUTIONS

DTP Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

XTP Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
FOX3 Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
NAV Pro AV Over IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Collaboration Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
USB for Pro AV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
H.264 Recording and Streaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Scalers and Signal Processors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Videowall and Multi-Window Processors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Audio Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

GLOSSARY

Digital AV Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

[Link] 1
Introduction to Digital Video

AV systems today are designed with a digital signal • DVI – The predecessor to HDMI, DVI is found on monitors,
infrastructure to support the video formats widely prevalent computers, and graphics cards.
in AV applications. These formats, including HDMI and • SDI – A family of professional digital video formats and
DisplayPort, are mainstays in projectors and displays, as digital video interface standards for broadcast, production,
well as computers, UHD Blu-ray players, media players, and cinema, and medical applications.
mobile devices such as tablets, smartphones, and laptops.
AV Sources and Destinations
Video technologies continue to evolve at a fast pace, Computers, laptops, Blu-ray players, and media players are
hand‑in‑hand with advancements in computing and IT. the sources traditionally associated with AV systems. Tablets
Software and mobile-driven technologies and applications, and smartphones are also popular since they provide a
including unified communications and collaboration, are convenient way to deliver AV content. Other source devices
bringing many new possibilities for communicating and include cameras, document cameras, videoconferencing
sharing content. As a result, there is the potential for new codecs, and set-top boxes.
opportunities as well as challenges for professional AV
integrators. Typical AV systems may include display devices such as
projectors, displays, and computer monitors. Additional AV
destinations may also be present, such as videoconferencing
A successful digital AV system design results
codecs, video recording and lecture capture systems, and
from a solid understanding of digital video
media servers.
fundamentals and the ability to formulate
effective design strategies. Distribution, Processing, and Infrastructure
Commercial AV installations require a means of distributing
Nonetheless, AV systems continue to be essential for signals between sources and destinations, as well as signal
optimizing communication through audience presentations, processing to ensure compatibility. See Figure 1-1. Also
conferencing, collaboration, digital signage, network essential is a dependable infrastructure for distributing
monitoring and control, entertainment, visualization, and AV signals throughout a room, between rooms and floors in a
numerous other applications that depend on reliable, high- building, across a campus, or over vast geographical regions.
quality video and audio. Successful AV system design AV can be transmitted and distributed over video cables,
requires a solid understanding of digital video fundamentals twisted pair cable, fiber optics, IP networks, and through
and the ability to formulate effective design strategies to wireless technologies.
ensure optimal performance and a fully satisfied end user.
Proper selection and design of an AV signal infrastructure
The Extron Digital Design Guide was created to help enhance is one of the most critical aspects of a successful system
your understanding and awareness toward these objectives. design. Later in this Guide, we’ll delve into further detail on
that topic.
A Brief Overview of Digital AV Systems
Digital Video Formats Challenges in Digital Video Integration

Digital video formats in use today include the following: Historically, there have been a number of well-known issues
and challenges in successfully integrating digital video into
• HDMI – The format commonly associated with consumer
AV systems and ensuring reliable, consistent image display
devices. HDMI is the most prevalent interface standard in
and source switching. Digital video signals are susceptible
both consumer and commercial AV applications.
to signal losses and jitter over long cable runs. Careful
• DisplayPort – An interface standard used in computers, considerations are necessary when passing signals through
computer monitors, commercial displays, and some multiple devices en route to the displays, because signal
televisions. losses and jitter can inhibit proper image display. When
a new connection or switch occurs, digital video devices
require two-way signal handshaking between them for EDID
- Extended Display Identification Data and HDCP - High-

­2 Extron Digital Design Guide

Figure 1-1. bandwidth Digital Content Protection. This handshaking may
AV systems include signal distribution and processing
result in noticeable latency issues when switching between
between sources and destinations.
sources. Switches can result in objectionable delays of up to
several seconds as the devices renegotiate the handshaking
between them.

Fortunately, technologies and fundamental understanding

Display
Desktop PC of digital video signals have evolved to the point that system
performance and reliability have greatly improved. With a
combination of advanced digital signal processing and some
Tablet Smartphone good practices in planning for digital video, a system can be
AV Distribution Monitor
& Processing highly reliable and deliver robust performance with very high
image quality. In this Guide, you will learn about several Extron
4K Blu-ray Player
Projector digital video technologies that allow extension of digital video
signals over long distances, provide the capability to distribute
Media Player signals in large or complex systems without degradation,
Lecture Capture
and ensure excellent system performance with nearly
instantaneous source switching.
Video Camera Videoconferencing

Figure 1-2.
8K is the new frontier for AV presentations, delivering four times as many pixels as available in 4K video and 16 times that of
1080p.

7680
3840 3840

2160
4320
2160

[Link] 3
Introduction to Digital Video Technology

Constant Evolution of Technologies addressing specific end user requirements for communication
AV integrators and system designers are faced with another and collaboration in their organizations. As a result, system
challenge: keeping up with the constant and rapid evolution integrators need to continually identify new opportunities and
of video and computing technologies. This includes the use cases for AV, and also ensure that systems designed
inevitable end user demand to support them in AV systems. today are capable of supporting the new developments that
New mobile devices continue to emerge, as well as new come tomorrow.
software applications for communication and collaboration.
Support for Legacy Analog Video
Parallel development is occurring in video technologies,
including the capability to deliver higher resolutions such as The pro AV industry has largely transitioned away from analog
8K, as illustrated in Figure 1-2, along with advancements video and the legacy formats that had been predominant
in color depth, dynamic range, and frame rates. Display for decades in computers, VCRs, monitors, and projectors.
technologies have also evolved with notable enhancements in Digital video is now the essential bridge for interfacing sources
resolution, color fidelity, durability, aesthetics, and more. and displays into AV presentation systems. Despite this, many
end users and organizations continue to require support
for legacy devices that cannot readily be replaced by newer
AV integrators and system designers are equipment or technology. This is especially relevant to vertical
faced with another challenge: keeping up with markets such as education. Extron offers a wide variety of
the constant and rapid evolution of video and products designed to easily integrate analog video-based
computing technologies with the inevitable devices into an all-digital video signal infrastructure.
end user demand to support them in
Successful System Design is Key
AV systems.
An AV system can be as simple as a connection between
a computer and a monitor or as complex as a system that
Other technologies have made it easier to deliver AV content distributes AV content throughout a facility or an entire
wirelessly or to stream it over IP networks. The evolution campus. AV systems can even span distant endpoints located
of all these technologies leads to greater demands on pro thousands of miles or kilometers apart by utilizing wide area
AV integrators. They need to provision systems that will networks - WANs or the Internet. No matter how basic or
support the newest video formats and source devices, while elaborate the AV system may be, a design is successful only
if it fully satisfies an end user’s expectations for performance,

AV systems vary widely

in scale and scope,
from basic switching
systems for small
meeting rooms to
large-scale switching
and processing
applications for
auditoriums, building-
wide signal distribution,
and interconnecting
AV systems across or
between campuses.

­4 Extron Digital Design Guide

reliability, and perhaps most importantly, how the AV wireless – Extron offers the most
system benefits an enterprise or organization’s functional comprehensive family of product solutions
requirements. for professional AV integration. All Extron
products are backed with a 100% customer
A major portion of this Guide is devoted to system design.
satisfaction guarantee.
The following is a brief overview of the most important areas
to consider when designing an AV system: Extron abides by a core philosophy of never compromising

• Developing a complete scope of work when it comes to quality and performance. Every product
is the result of extensive planning, R&D, testing, validation,
• Asking key questions about the intended line-of-business
and quality assurance. We back all of our products with
functions as a starting point in defining AV needs and
an unmatched commitment to serving our customers with
use cases
dedicated S3 support services before, during, and after the
• Identifying the general requirements for the AV system, sale. Extron maintains a full staff of engineers and customer
including equipment, size, scale, and the possible need for support professionals at our offices worldwide and in the
future-proofing or expansion field, and offers a wealth of online technical resources,
• Selecting the right AV signal infrastructure and products design guides, system design support services, training and
certification programs, and much more. ■
• Creating effective system design strategies for handling
digital video signals and formats, as well as any legacy
devices

Extron Digital Video Products and Technologies

When it comes to digital AV switching, distribution, and
processing, Extron is a total system solution provider, offering
all the products and technologies you need for a
fully functional, high-performance AV system. From 8K to
HD and legacy analog, and all mediums for AV distribution –
video cables, twisted pair, fiber optics, streaming, and

[Link] 5
Understanding 8K and 4K Video Signals

8K and 4K Video Resolutions They are not mutually compatible. For example, a computer
8K refers to video resolution of 7680x4320 pixels, four times monitor that only accepts VESA 4K is not capable of showing
that of 4K/UHD. 8K is emerging as the new standard for an image from a media player sending out a CTA/SMPTE
consumer video, and major manufacturers have introduced 4K video signal.
a variety of 8K displays and projectors. Sources of 8K video
Data Rates for 8K and 4K/UHD Video Signals
content include cameras, computer video cards, and game
consoles. Some cameras and projectors also support a The primary factors that affect the bandwidth required for a

DCI 8K resolution of 8192x4130. video signal are the resolution, frame rate, color bit depth, and
color sampling. 8K video has over 33 million pixels per frame.
4K display systems have been available for over a decade, At 60 frames per second and 8 bits per color, it requires over
supporting applications such as digital cinema, advanced 60 Gbps to transport without compression. Table 2-1 lists the
visualization in scientific research and medical imaging. data rate requirements for 8K and 4K video signals as defined
Also effective is 4K in immersive environments, from military by VESA and CTA/SMPTE at various combinations of frame
simulation to themed attractions. Generally, 4K may refer to rate, color bit depth, and color sampling parameters.
either 3840x2160 or 4096x2160 resolution. The television
industry adopted the UHD resolution of 3840x2160, which
8K video has over 33 million pixels per frame.
maintains the same 16:9 aspect ratio of 1080p HD video.
At 60 frames per second and
The Digital Cinema Initiatives - DCI established a standard
8 bits per color it requires over 60 Gbps to
resolution of 4096x2160 for 4K digital cinema projectors,
maintaining the same aspect ratio as the 2K DCI resolution of
transport without compression.
2048x1080. Projectors supporting 4K DCI were some of the
first 4K display systems to appear on the market. Capabilities of Digital Video Signal Formats to
support 8K/4K
CTA/SMPTE vs. VESA timing for 8K/4K HDMI
CTA/SMPTE and VESA have defined different formats for HDMI 2.1 has a maximum data rate of 48 Gbps. Uncompressed
8K (7680x4320) and 4K (3840x2160) video. The VESA 8K video is supported at 30 Hz with up to 10 bits per color,
formats are used in computer applications, while the and 60 Hz refresh can be supported with 4:2:0 chroma
CTA/SMPTE formats are used in consumer and broadcast subsampling. This specification can also transport 4K video
video applications. Even though the number of pixels and with higher color depths and frame rates up to 120 Hz. HDMI
aspect ratios are identical, the VESA and CTA/SMPTE video 2.1 supports DSC – Display Stream Compression which when
formats differ in the timing of vertical and horizontal blanking, invoked, allows 10K video with 10240x4320 resolution to be
and therefore have slightly different data rate requirements. transmitted at a 120 Hz frame rate.

CTA/SMPTE VESA
Resolution Frame Rate Bits per Color Chroma Sampling
Data Rate Data Rate

8K 30 Hz 8 4:4:4 32.08 Gbps 27.82 Gbps

8K 30 Hz 10 4:4:4 40.10 Gbps 34.77 Gbps
8K 60 Hz 8 4:4:4 64.15 Gbps 56.42 Gbps
8K 60 Hz 10 4:4:4 80.19 Gbps 70.53 Gbps
8K 60 Hz 8 4:2:0 32.08 Gbps 27.82 Gbps
8K 60 Hz 10 4:2:0 40.10 Gbps 34.77 Gbps
4K/UHD 30 Hz 8 4:4:4 8.91 Gbps 7.88 Gbps
4K/UHD 30 Hz 10 4:4:4 11.14 Gbps 9.85 Gbps
4K/UHD 60 Hz 8 4:4:4 17.82 Gbps 16.00 Gbps
4K/UHD 60 Hz 10 4:4:4 22.28 Gbps 20.00 Gbps
4K/UHD 120 Hz 8 4:4:4 32.08 Gbps 29.64 Gbps
4K/UHD 120 Hz 10 4:4:4 40.10 Gbps 37.05 Gbps

Table 2-1. Bandwidth requirements for 8K and 4K/UHD video signals are different for CTA and VESA standards, even when
resolution, frame rate, color depth, and chroma sampling parameters are identical.
­6 Extron Digital Design Guide
 Video Standard Max Data Rate Max Uncompressed Resolution Max Resolution with DSC

DisplayPort 2.1 80 Gbps 10K/60 4:4:4 16K/60

DisplayPort 1.4 32.4 Gbps 8K/60 4:2:0 (VESA) 10K/60
DisplayPort 1.3 32.4 Gbps 8K/60 4:2:0 (VESA) N/A
DisplayPort 1.2 21.6 Gbps 4K/60 4:4:4 N/A
HDMI 2.1 48 Gbps 10K/60 4:2:0 10K/120
HDMI 2.0 18 Gbps 4K/60 4:4:4 N/A
HDMI 1.4 10.2 Gbps 4K/60 4:2:0 N/A
12G-SDI 11.88 Gbps 4K/60 4:2:2 N/A
6G-SDI 5.94 Gbps 4K/30 4:2:2 N/A

Table 2-2. Maximum video resolution of various standard digital video formats

HDMI 2.0 has a maximum data rate of 18 Gbps, and DSC is could be multiple monitors, streaming encoders, video
not an available feature. So, only 4K video is supported at a processors, recording devices, or connections to an
frame rate up to 60 Hz. HDMI 1.4 has a 10.2 Gbps maximum additional signal distribution system. When this occurs,
data rate that can support 4K/60 4:2:0 or 4K/30 4:4:4. system designers must manage the different video
capabilities found in a wide variety of equipment to optimize
DisplayPort
system performance and image quality. While AV designers
DisplayPort 2.1 has a maximum data rate of 80 Gbps, roughly
have always dealt with such issues, 8K and 4K video can
double the bandwidth of HDMI 2.1 and enough to transport
pose some novel challenges.
8K resolution at 60 Hz without compression. DSC is also
available with DisplayPort 2.1, supporting higher resolutions Supporting Multiple Resolutions
and refresh rates while maintaining visually lossless image If system components have incompatible video resolution
quality. capabilities, then format conversion or video scaling is
necessary. To minimize the cost of adding video conversion,
DisplayPort 1.4 and DisplayPort 1.3 both have a maximum
specified system components should support the same
data rate of 32.4 Gbps and are capable of 8K/60 (VESA
video format as often as possible. Keep in mind that a
timing) 4:2:0 resolution without compression. DSC is optional
product labeled as "8K" or "4K" compatible may support
for DisplayPort 1.4 and enables up to 10K/60 resolution
the VESA format, the CTA/SMPTE format, or both. Beyond
when invoked. With a maximum data rate to 21.6 Gbps,
specifying video converters that are capable of handling the
DisplayPort 1.2 can transmit 4K/60 4:4:4 as well as
required video resolutions, it is important to hold the number
5K/30 4:4:4.
of video scaling stages to a minimum. Avoid applying scaling
12G-SDI, 6G-SDI and 3G-SDI to a signal that has already been processed by a scaler
12G-SDI has a maximum data rate of 11.88 Gbps and has the to maintain image quality. For optimal switching speed, a
capacity to transport 4K/60 video over a single cable. 6G-SDI scaled video signal should feed a display without going
has a maximum data rate of 5.94 Gbps, enough to transport through intervening switchers. This way, the display receives
4K/30. 3G-SDI has a maximum 2.97 Gbps data rate and a consistent video signal at all times, without additional
requires multiple cables to transport 4K resolutions. processing delays within the display itself during video source
switches.
The maximum video resolutions of various standard digital
video formats are summarized in Table 2-2. Aspect ratio
4K DCI has a resolution of 4096x2160 and an aspect ratio
System Design and Integration Challenges of 1.9:1, whereas 4K UHD has a resolution of 3840x2160 for
Based on the applications and desired functionality specified a 1.78:1 aspect ratio. When a display with a native resolution
by technology users, it is very common to have multiple video of one standard is trying to show an image formatted in
sources and destinations in a professional AV system. This another standard, the result is an aspect ratio mismatch.

[Link] 7
Understanding 8K and 4K Video Signals

This manifests as either letterbox or pillarbox borders that

4K/100A 4K/100B 4K/100AB
preserve the geometry of the original video content, or if
the screen is filled, the video content geometry is distorted 4K/120A 4K/120B 4K/120AB

and stretched horizontally or vertically. If an AV system 8K/50A 8K/50B 8K/50AB

must support both 4K DCI and 4K UHD, then aspect ratio 8K/60A 8K/60B 8K/60AB
mismatch is unavoidable. At that point, the AV system’s
Depiction of popular resolutions in relation to DSC support
stakeholders need to decide on whether to accept content
distortion while filling the display screen or to accept letterbox/
Cable distance
pillarbox borders.
Professional AV installations often require connecting video
HDR components located farther apart than can be spanned by
Besides more pixels, 8K and 4K video sources and displays standard HDMI and DisplayPort cables, necessitating the use
may feature HDR – high dynamic range video. To support of signal extension techniques. The high data rates required
HDR, all equipment in the signal chain from source to display to transport 8K and 4K video make signal extenders more
must support the exchange of the requisite InfoFrame and important than ever. These devices can take the form of active
EDID metadata. Each device must also meet the minimum cables or extenders for twisted pair, optical, or AV-over-IP
data rate and color depth requirements. For example, infrastructure. Depending on the technology, signal extenders
extenders, switchers, and matrix switchers must be capable are available to reach across a room, a building, a campus, or
of transferring at least 11.14 Gbps to support 4K/60 4:2:0 or the world.
4K/30 4:4:4 and 10 bits per color. A display’s HDR capabilities
Multiple links
indicated in its EDID tables has to be propagated and
The use of multiple video links to build large scale, high-
presented to video sources, so any switching equipment in
resolution display systems has long been the province of
between must process the EDID data correctly. Similarly,
professional and broadcast AV system integration. Examples
InfoFrame metadata from HDR sources must be transmitted
include videowalls, projector edge blending, LED walls,
to displays without being incorrectly modified by the
and multiviewers. In such applications, synchronization of
intervening equipment of the infrastructure connecting them.
the separate video streams that make up the final image is
Finally, the minimum 10-bit color depth must be maintained
necessary to ensure good image quality, especially for video
throughout.
content with motion. This requires specialized equipment and
DSC skilled video system integrators and designers.
The latest HDMI and DisplayPort releases both support
Extron 8K and 4K Solutions
DSC – Display Stream Compression to reduce the bandwidth
Extron provides high-performance signal extension, routing,
requirements for transporting higher video resolutions. Similar
and distribution of 8K and 4K video signals. The wide variety
to HDR, DSC is an optional feature and enabled in the
of product solutions include scalers, videowall processors,
metadata exchange between video sources and displays,
so proper EDID and InfoFrame processing will be necessary
for success.

The HDMI organization has designated subscripts to be

attached to indicate a product’s support for various video
Extron provides high-performance
resolutions with and without DSC: signal extension, routing, and
distribution of 8K and 4K video signals.
• A
– supports uncompressed mode

• B – supports compressed mode streaming encoders and decoders, media players, and fiber
• AB – supports both optic and twisted pair signal distribution products. Extron 8K
and 4K solutions support an extensive array of displays, rather
than limiting your design options to a short list of certified
displays.
­8 Extron Digital Design Guide
• XTP II CrossPoint® Series of modular matrix switchers with
50 Gbps digital switching backplane exceed HDMI 2.1 and
DisplayPort 1.4 bandwidth requirements.

• DP Pro Plenum Series DisplayPort 8K optical cables

supporting DisplayPort 1.4 signals up to 32.4 Gbps are
available in lengths up to 150 feet (45.7 meters).

• Extron's Vector™ 4K scaling engine delivers the power

and precision required to manage the high pixel counts of
today's 4K displays and content.

• Extend, switch, and distribute 4K video over shielded CATx

and fiber optic cabling.

• XTP DTP 24 and XTP DTP 22 cable achieve full

transmission distances up to 330 feet (100 meters) at
4K and UHD resolutions without cable length restrictions.

• Scalable HDCP-compliant videowall processors are

optimized for use with 4K displays, windowing large
numbers of standard definition, high definition, and UHD
sources across displays with resolutions up to 3840x2160
or greater.

• NAV® Pro AV over IP products stream 4K material with

ultra‑low latency and lossless image quality.

• Playback devices for film and video content produced for

UHD and digital cinema 4K resolution displays.

For assistance designing a system, please contact your

local Extron Customer Support representative. An Extron
Applications Engineer will be assigned to your project and will
work with you to ensure your complete satisfaction.

Conclusion
By increasing your knowledge of the technology and
understanding as the governing bodies of the AV industry
establish and evolve the standards, you will be able to design
and deploy open architecture systems that do not reduce
your design options to a single distribution scheme.

Understanding product capabilities while becoming

educated on the technology is the best practice to
ensure that your systems meet the rigorous demands of
8K/4K/UHD applications. ■

[Link] 9
 VGA - VESA
E-DDC host assignment

Digital Video Signal Formats

HDMI
There are a variety of standard signal formats in use for digital type A
video transmission. These include:

• HDMI - High-Definition Multimedia Interface

• DVI - Digital Visual Interface

PIN FUNCTION PIN FUNCTION
• DisplayPort
1 TMDS Data2+ 11 TMDS Clock Shield
DisplayPort
• SDI - Serial Digital Interface, a family of professional video 2 source-side
TMDS Data2 Shield 12 TMDS Clock-
formats that includes SDI, HD-SDI, 3G-SDI, 6G-SDI, and 3 TMDS Data2- 13 CEC

12G-SDI. 4 TMDS Data1+ 14 HEAC Data-

5 TMDS Data1 Shield 15 SCL
Except for DVI, all are regularly updated through their 6 TMDS Data1- 16 SDA

respective standards revision processes. Each digital video 7 TMDS Data0 17 DDC/CEC Ground

format has its own technical advantages as well as unique 8 TMDS Data0 Shield 18 +5 V Power
9 TMDS Data0-
capabilities to meet specific integration requirements within 19
Hot Plug Detect /
10 TMDS Clock+ HEAC Data+
the AV industry. Let’s take a look at each one in some detail.
Table 3-1
HDMI - High Definition Multimedia Interface
The HDMI format incorporates the TMDS video functionality
Association in standard CTA-861. The six types of
of DVI and extends TMDS to carry digital audio and control
InfoFrame data are summarized in Table 3-2.
information. By consolidating high definition video, audio, and
control into a single, compact connector, HDMI has been very • Support for YCBCR 4:2:2 and YCBCR 4:4:4 digital
successful in the consumer audio/video market. component color spaces in addition to RGB 4:4:4,
along with support for limited range (16-235 for 8 bits)
The most common HDMI is the 19-pin Type A, illustrated quantization typical of consumer and broadcast-oriented
in Table 3-1. It contains a single TMDS link plus DDC and video, and full range (0-255 for 8 bits) quantization used in
HPD lines. A 5‑volt power supply line is also provided. HDMI computer video.
connectors incorporate the CEC - Consumer Electronics
• The use of HDCP encryption for content protection
Control line, which is used for integrated control of multiple
devices within an AV system. CEC control protocols tend • The use of CEC for control of connected AV components
to be proprietary to each equipment manufacturer, and
HDMI versions 1.1 and 1.2, released in May 2004 and
there is limited CEC compatibility between manufacturers.
August 2005, respectively, were incremental in nature and
However, there are implementation guidelines for CEC and
did not introduce major new features.
manufacturers have worked together to standardize control
across their products. HDMI 1.3 was released in June 2006. Compared to
previous versions, HDMI 1.3 specified a twofold increase
The HDMI specification and licensing is administered
in the maximum TMDS single link clock rate to 340 MHz,
by HDMI Licensing, LLC. In contrast to DVI, the HDMI
corresponding to 10.2 Gbps. The increased bandwidth
specification has evolved through several standards revisions.
of HDMI 1.3 enabled up to 16 bits per color – also known
Version 1.0 of the HDMI specification was released in
as Deep Color, an extended color space, the latest high
December 2002. It incorporated all of the functions of the DVI
resolution surround sound audio formats for Blu-ray Disc, and
TMDS interface, with added features including:
video resolutions up to WQXGA 2560x1600. Version 1.3 also
• The definition of Data Island Periods within the horizontal mandated the inclusion of HDCP - High-bandwidth Digital
and vertical video blanking intervals to transport up to 8 Content Protection, a digital rights management scheme
channels of PCM digital audio, as well as metadata known that prevents the copying of digital video and audio content.
as InfoFrames. See Figure 3-1. InfoFrame data formats In addition, a smaller Type C connector was introduced,
and content are specified by the Consumer Electronics identified as the HDMI Mini Connector. Type C connectors
can be found in many cameras and laptops.

­10 Extron Digital Design Guide

 Types of InfoFrame Data

Vendor Specific Information Used by product manufacturers to transport information not defined elsewhere

Describes the properties of the video being transmitted, including color space,
Auxiliary Video Information
chroma sampling, resolution, 3D format, etc.

Source Product Description Data such as the name and product type of the video source

Describes the properties of the audio being transmitted, including sampling rate,
Audio
number of channels, encoding format, speaker mapping, etc.

Describes compression properties of the video being transmitted, such as bit rate
MPEG Source
and frame type (I, B, or P)

Provides for carrying metadata originally intended to be broadcast during NTSC

NTSC VBI
vertical blanking intervals, such as timecodes and closed captions

Dynamic Range and Carries data related to the EOTF - Electro-optic transfer function and metadata
Mastering associated with the dynamic range of the video stream

Table 3-2. HDMI InfoFrames

InfoFrame data formats and content are specified by the Consumer Electronics Association in standard CTA-861.

HDMI 1.4 was released in May 2009. It added two new be sent from the sink or destination device, such as a display,
communication channels: HEC - HDMI Ethernet Channel back to the source device. This replaces the need for a
and ARC - Audio Return Channel. HDMI Ethernet enables separate digital audio cable connection.
standard IP communication for connected devices. This
To carry these channels, HDMI 1.4 specified a new pin to be
allows AV components to be networked, and to access
activated in the connector. While the physical dimensions
advanced services over the Internet. Integrating Ethernet
of the existing HDMI Type A connector were still the same,
inside the HDMI cable potentially eliminates the need for
the new standard called for a “utility” signal on pin 14, which
Ethernet switches and cables to IP-capable AV components.
had been unconnected in earlier HDMI versions. This utility
The Audio Return Channel enables a digital audio signal to
signal and the existing Hot Plug Detect - HPD signal on pin
19 were to carry both the HEC and the ARC. Together, pins
Figure 3-1. 14 and 19 are called the HDMI Ethernet and Audio Return
Simplified Structure of One Frame of TMDS Video Channel, or HEAC. Older HDMI cables do not support
HEAC functions since pin 14 is unconnected. Pins 14 and 19
carry high-speed differential HEC data, thus the HDMI 1.4
HDMI adds vertical Data Island Vertical
specification called for the wires to be a twisted pair within the
Periods containing audio and Blanking cable. The new specification also called for new connector
InfoFrame packets Period
Types D and E, both of which would carry the same signals
HDMI adds as the Type A connector. Type D connectors, also known as
horizontal HDMI Micro Connectors, are even smaller than the compact
Data Island
Periods Active Video Data Active
Type C. HDMI Type D connectors are comparable in size to
containing
Lines USB Micro connectors, and are commonly found in tablets,
audio and
InfoFrame smartphones, cameras, and other mobile devices. Type E
packets
connectors are intended for automotive applications.
Horizontal
Blanking Active Pixels HDMI 1.4 did not define an increase in the maximum TMDS
Period
clock rate, which remained at 340 MHz. It did add new video
TMDS retains timing parameters such as horizontal sync, vertical sync,
formats. These included new 4K video formats at 30 frames
and blanking intervals from analog RGB video. For DVI, no data is
transmitted during the vertical and horizontal blanking intervals. On the per second, as well as formats for transmitting stereoscopic
other hand, HDMI takes advantage of the blanking intervals to transmit
Data Island Periods containing embedded audio and metadata such as 3D video.
CEA InfoFrames. This enables extended capabilities and functions with
new revisions of the HDMI standard.

[Link] 11
Digital Video Signal Formats

The content protection mechanism remained largely supports a 1536 kHz audio sampling rate. Other new features
unchanged for HDMI 1.4. The specification referenced HDCP include support for HDR – high dynamic range video,
revision 1.4, released in July 2009. The main difference resolutions with wider aspect ratios such as 2560x1080
between HDCP 1.4 and HDCP 1.3 is in the definition of (2.37:1), and YCBCR 4:2:0 chroma subsampling. The use of
hot plug detection. HDCP 1.4 referred to a hot plug detect YCBCR 4:2:0 cuts TMDS data rate requirements in half as
state called HDCP_HPD, whereas earlier versions referred compared with 4:4:4. For example, 4K/60 at 12 bits per color
to the physical HPD line. Otherwise, HDCP 1.4 operations, requires 26.73 Gbps at 4:4:4, and cannot be transported
encryption algorithms, and restrictions on signal distribution over HDMI 2.0. However, 4:2:0 chroma subsampling reduces
remained identical to the existing HDCP 1.3 standard. the data rate to 13.36 Gbps, which is within the 18 Gbps
The major changes embodied in HDCP 2.0, released in capability of HDMI 2.0. Furthermore, 4K/60 at 8 bits per color
October 2008, were not adopted in HDMI 1.4. HDCP and its and 4:2:0 requires only 8.91 Gbps. This creates the possibility
specification revisions are explored later in further detail. for some HDMI 1.4 distribution equipment to transport 4K/60
8-bit 4:2:0 video, but only if both the source and display are
capable of HDMI 2.0.
HDMI 2.1 was released in November 2017
and added a packetized data transport HDMI 2.1 was released in November 2017 and added a
scheme called FRL – Fixed Rate Link. FRL packetized data transport scheme called FRL – Fixed Rate
Link. FRL repurposes the TMDS clock signal as a fourth
repurposes the TMDS clock signal as a
high speed data lane. The maximum data rate is 48 Gbps,
fourth high speed data lane.
with each of the four data lanes running at 12 Gbps. Lower
lane data rates and three-lane operation are also defined for
HDMI 2.0 was released in September 2013. It specifies FRL. Although the physical HDMI type A connector remains
a maximum TMDS data rate of 18 Gbps and 600 MHz unchanged, a certified Ultra High Speed HDMI cable is
maximum pixel clock. This enables transmission of 4K video required to support the higher data rates enabled by FRL.
at 60 frames per second, with 8-bit color and 4:4:4 color TMDS is supported for backward compatibility with previous
sampling. The increased data rate also allows transmission HDMI versions at lower data rates.
of up to two independent video streams and up to four audio
A data rate of 48 Gbps can support maximum uncompressed
streams. Additionally, HDMI 2.0 increases the maximum
video resolutions of 10240x4320, or 10K, at 60 Hz refresh
number of audio channels from 8 to 32 per stream, and
with 4:2:0 or 30 Hz refresh at 4:4:4. HDMI 2.1 can support

Supported HDMI 1.0 HDMI 1.1 HDMI 1.2 HDMI 1.3 HDMI 1.4 HDMI 2.0 HDMI 2.1
Feature Dec 2002 May 2004 Aug 2005 Jun 2006 May 2009 Sep 2013 Nov 2017
Max Data Rate 4.95 Gbps 4.95 Gbps 4.95 Gbps 10.2 Gbps 10.2 Gbps 18 Gbps 48 Gbps
2-ch to 8-ch 2-ch to 8-ch 2-ch to 32-ch 2-ch to 32-ch
2-ch to 8-ch 2-ch to 8-ch 2-ch to 8-ch
Audio PCM, PCM, PCM, PCM,
PCM PCM PCM
bitstream bitstream bitstream bitstream
Color Depth (Bits per Pixel) 24 24 24 24, 30, 36, 48 24, 30, 36, 48 24, 30, 36, 48 24, 30, 36, 48
RGB, YCBCR RGB, YCBCR RGB, YCBCR RGB, YCBCR
Color Space RGB, YCBCR RGB, YCBCR RGB, YCBCR
xvYCC, others xvYCC, others xvYCC, others xvYCC, others
480p/60 up to 480p/60 up to 480p/60 up to 480p/60 up to 480p/60 up to
480p/60 up to
1080p/60 1080p/60 1080p/60 1080p/60 4K/30 480p/60 up to
Video Resolution 10K/30,
and and and and and 4K/60
uncompressed
1920x1200 1920x1200 1920x1200 2560x1600 2560x1600
3D Video No No No No Yes Yes Yes
Audio Return Channel No No No No Yes Yes Yes
HDMI Ethernet Channel No No No No Yes Yes Yes
Max Number of Audio Streams 1 1 1 1 1 4 4

Table 3-3. HDMI Version Summary Gray text denotes optionally supported features.

­12 Extron Digital Design Guide

even higher resolutions by invoking DSC – Display Stream
Compression, a low latency, visually lossless compression Many advanced HDMI capabilities, such as
standard. Other capabilities introduced in HDMI 2.1 include higher video resolutions, Deep Color,
dynamic HDR, and support for variable refresh rate monitors HBR - high bit rate, and lossless audio
and GPUs that optimize gaming performance. HDMI 2.1a are optional. They may not be completely
was released in January 2022, adding SBTM - Source-Based implemented by all products that claim
Tone Mapping to enable video sources to assist in HDR compliance with the standard.
processing.

Table 3-3 summarizes the required and optional features of HDMI requirements call for licensed manufacturers to promote
the various versions of HDMI. the supported HDMI features on a product-by-product basis.
The only way to ensure that a product you are considering
Many advanced HDMI capabilities such as higher video can support the HDMI features you need is to carefully review
resolutions, Deep Color, HBR - high bit rate, and lossless the manufacturer’s specifications or contact a representative.
audio are optional. They may not be completely implemented
DVI - Digital Visual Interface
by all products that claim compliance with the standard.
HDMI and DVI are based on a common signaling scheme
Each version of HDMI adds new features, but most of
for video known as TMDS - Transition Minimized Differential
these features are not requirements. The result is products
Signaling. A TMDS link consists of three serial data channels,
with various and possibly incomplete or incompatible
one for each color – red, green, and blue – plus a fourth
implementations of HDMI features. Video system designers
channel carrying a pixel rate clock. The clock provides
need to be aware that compatibility with a particular version of
the timing reference that keeps the three color channels
HDMI does not mean that a product is capable of all features
synchronized. All TMDS data and clock lines are differential,
associated with that specification.
or balanced, and are carried on twisted pairs within DVI and
In January 2012, the HDMI organization began actively HDMI cable assemblies. See Figure 3-2.
enforcing the HDMI Adopted Trademark and Logo Usage
To support different resolution requirements, the DVI
Guidelines to address longstanding market confusion about
specification provides for one or two video links per
HDMI compatibility. The guidelines required the removal
connector, commonly known as single link or dual link,
of numeric references to a particular version of the HDMI
respectively. The maximum pixel rate for single link DVI is
standard, eliminating possible implications of performance
165 MHz, corresponding to a data rate of 4.95 Gbps. This
that may not be supported by the product. For example,
“HDMI 2.1a” may not be used by itself to market a product.

DVI-I Dual Link DVI-D Dual Link DVI-I Single Link DVI-D Single Link
analog and digital digital only analog and digital digital only

PIN FUNCTION PIN FUNCTION PIN FUNCTION

1 TMDS Data2- 9 TMDS Data1- 17 TMDS Data0-
2 TMDS Data2+ 10 TMDS Data1+ 18 TMDS Data0+
3 TMDS Data2/4 Shield 11 TMDS Data1/3 Shield 19 TMDS Data0/5 Shield
4 TMDS Data4- 12 TMDS Data3- 20 TMDS Data5-
5 TMDS Data4+ 13 TMDS Data3+ 21 TMDS Data5+
6 DDC Clock [SCL] 14 +5 V Power 22 TMDS Clock Shield
7 DDC Data [SDA] 15 Ground (for +5 V) 23 TMDS Clock+
8 Analog Vertical Sync 16 Hot Plug Detect 24 TMDS Clock-
VGA - VESA
Analog GND Return:
C1 Analog Red C5 E-DDC host assignment C3 Analog Blue
(Analog R, G, B)
C2 Analog Green -- -- C4 Analog Horizontal Sync

Table 3-4. DVI Pin Configurations

[Link] 13
HDMI
type A
Digital Video Signal Formats

Figure 3-2. What’s going through the DVI and HDMI connections?

CH 0

CH 1

CH 2

DVI Connector Clock

One TMDS Character

• DVI TMDS video data lines (CH 0, CH 1, CH 2) are essentially digitized versions of the
red, green, and blue color lines of analog RGBHV video
• HDMI adds support for YCBCR component video format, using CH 0, CH 1, and CH 2
• TMDS encoding transmits a 10-bit character for every 8 bits of video data to reduce EMI
and aid clock recovery
• DVI and HDMI 1.x transmit TMDS clock at the character rate (1∕10 of data rate). HDMI 2.0
transmits higher resolutions using a TMDS clock at 1∕4 character rate (1∕40 of data rate).
HDMI Connector

is more than sufficient for WUXGA 1920x1200 and HDTV equipment manufacturers, including Extron, accommodate
1080p/60, with a color depth of 8 bits per color. Dual link this preference by offering a number of products with DVI
DVI supports higher resolutions and greater color depths, connectors that are compatible with HDMI capabilities,
handling pixel rates up to 330 MHz and resolutions as high including embedded audio, enhanced color depth, and
as 3840x2400. component color space.

The DVI specification also provides for additional lines of DisplayPort

communication that are essential in achieving successful DisplayPort is a digital interface
DVI transmission between devices. The DDC - Display between sources and displays
Data Channel is a serial connection for EDID and HDCP that is positioned as an alternative
communication, which are detailed in subsequent sections of to HDMI for PC equipment DisplayPort Connector
this Guide. manufacturers. DisplayPort uses
a digital video transmission scheme that differs from TMDS
HPD - The Hot Plug Detect pin allows a video source, such
and is not directly compatible with HDMI or DVI. The 20-pin
as a computer, to detect the initial connection of a display and
DisplayPort connector is illustrated in Table 3-5. It can be
begin data communications without user intervention. The DVI
used to pass HDMI signals, provided that the device already
specification describes several different pin configurations:
supports HDMI. For example, if a video source only has a
DVI-D, with pins for digital signals only, and DVI-I, which adds
DisplayPort connector, but also has HDMI signaling capability,
pins for analog RGBHV, and can carry both analog and digital
then it is possible to use a DisplayPort-to-HDMI adapter to
video. Each of these configurations is offered in versions
connect the source to an HDMI-equipped display. Such
supporting single link or dual link DVI signals, thus totaling four
DisplayPort connections, referred to as “dual-mode” or “multi-
available types of connectors. See Table 3-4.
mode,” are symbolized by the DisplayPort logo and two plus
DVI is a royalty-free standard originated by the DDWG - signs.
Digital Display Working Group. Version 1.0 of the DVI
specification was released in April 1999, and there have
been no subsequent revisions since then. Despite the lack
of technical updates, some AV professionals continue to
use DVI because the physical connector is more secure
and less prone to inadvertent disconnection. Some AV 1
This is a VESA-specific timing with reduced blanking. It is distinct from the
SMPTE UHD video timing.
­14 Extron Digital Design Guide
 Originally, dual mode DisplayPort adapters were limited within a device, such as the connection between the
to a maximum TMDS clock rate of 165 MHz to match the motherboard and display on a laptop PC.
available capability of HDMI. Since the HDMI standard has
VESA - Video Electronics Standards Association released
been updated for high data rates, VESA introduced a “Type 2”
the initial version 1.0 of the DisplayPort standard in 2006,
dual mode adapter standard in January 2013. It provides a
and then version 1.1 in 2007. DisplayPort 1.2 was released in
maximum TMDS clock rate of 300 MHz, enabling support
Dual Link DVI-D Dual Linkresolutions
2009 and introduced the 5.4 Gbps data rate per lane, multiple
g and digital
for HDMI 1.4 video such
DVI-I as 4K/30
Single Link or 1080p
DVI-D Single Link
digital only analog and digital digital only independent video streams, the Mini DisplayPort connector,
3D at 60 Hz. Type 2 DisplayPort adapters are backwards
and support for 3840x2160 at 60 Hz with 4:4:4 color sampling
compatible with older “Type 1” dual mode DisplayPort
and 30‑bit color depth. DisplayPort 1.3 was released in
sources. However, they are limited to a maximum TMDS clock
September 2014 and introduces the 8.1 Gbps data rate per
rate of 165 MHz. To achieve the 300 MHz maximum TMDS
lane. It added support for HDCP 2.2 and 4:2:0 color sampling.
clock rate, both the dual mode DisplayPort source and the
In February 2016, DisplayPort 1.4 was introduced, adding
adapter must be “Type 2 enabled.”
support for Display Stream Compression and HDR video.
DisplayPort video and audio signals are carried on four lanes The maximum data rate was not increased, remaining at
of differential wires, with each lane running at 1.62, 2.7, 5.4, 32.4 Gbps.
8.1, or 20 Gbps for a maximum data rate of 80 Gbps. See
DisplayPort 2.0 was introduced in June 2019 and increased
Figure 3-3 for further information. DisplayPort is capable of
the maximum data rate per lane to 20 Gbps, for a total
supporting Deep Color, multi-channel high resolution audio,
maximum data rate of 80 Gbps. For lower data transmission
and uncompressed video resolutions up to 10240x4320.
VGA - VESA overhead, 128b/132b channel coding was included with the
Analogous to E-DDC
the DDC channel for HDMI, DisplayPort
host assignment
existing 8b/10b. With 128b/132b coding, almost 97% of the
connectors recognize a differential AUX channel for EDID
total system bandwidth of 80 Gbps is available for the data
communication. In addition, DisplayPort may incorporate
HDCP digital rights management or an alternative DRM
protocol known as DisplayPort Content Protection or DPCP. DisplayPort 2.1 was released in October 2022
HDMI
type A
to align more closely with USB. The maximum
DisplayPort is intended to provide cost savings by unifying data rate was unchanged.
the interface signals for both internal and external connections

DisplayPort
source-side

Figure 3-3. What’s going through the DisplayPort connection?

Lane 0

PIN FUNCTION PIN FUNCTION Lane 1

1 ML_Lane 0 (p) 11 GND Lane 2

2 GND 12 ML_Lane 3 (n) Lane 3

3 ML_Lane 0 (n) 13 GND Micro Packet Micro Packet
4 ML_Lane 1 (p) 14 GND
5 GND 15 AUX CH (p) • DisplayPort transmits video using up to four data lanes at rates from 1.62 up to
20 Gbps per lane
6 ML_Lane 1 (n) 16 GND
• 1, 2, or 4 lanes may be active at the same time
7 ML_Lane 2 (p) 17 AUX CH (n)
• Timing is recovered from each lane’s data, eliminating a separate clock line
8 GND 18 Hot Plug Detect • Video data is arranged into micro packets. Different resolutions and color depths
9 ML_Lane (n) 19 Return occupy different packet and lane formations.
10 ML_Lane 3 (p) 20 DP_Power • Packetized data allows flexibility to add features, such as multiple simultaneous
streams with mixed video resolutions
Table 3-5. DisplayPort Pin Configuration (Source-Side) • Adjacent lanes transmit packets at staggered intervals to improve noise immunity

[Link] 15
Digital Video Signal Formats

payload, compared with 80% for 8b/10b channel coding. be useful for AV signal distribution. Transmission distance
DisplayPort 2.1 was released in October 2022 to align more for SDI signals depends on cable construction, equipment
closely with USB. The maximum data rate was unchanged. quality, and data rate. Extron SDI products can achieve cable
distances of 590 feet (180 meters) for 3G-SDI and 230 feet
As with HDMI, some DisplayPort features and capabilities
(70 meters) for 12G-SDI. SDI is strictly a serial, one-way
are optional. These include audio support, color bit depth
protocol for video, audio, and ancillary data such as time,
greater than 24 bits per pixel, HDR, and support for content
closed captioning, date stamps, or GPS coordinates. There
protection. Again, the system designer should ensure that all
are no provisions for other auxiliary communications. Refer to
system components can support a desired capability.
Figure 3-4 for further information.

SDI - Serial Digital Interface

Video Format Compatibility
SDI is a set of video standards, defined by SMPTE - Society
AV systems can be comprised of components that incorporate
of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, for serial
a diverse mix of video formats. It is often necessary to convert
transmission of video and audio over standard RG59 or
between the various formats to achieve the desired system
RG6 coaxial cable. See Table 3-6. SDI standards encompass
functionality. Format conversions must be chosen carefully
a variety of data rates from 270 Mbps to 11.88 Gbps. SDI
since they can have a dramatic impact on system cost
connections are primarily utilized on professional broadcast
and performance. Depending on the video formats to be
and video production equipment. They can also appear in
converted, it may require active electronic converters. Low-
devices used for live events, rental and staging, medical
cost mechanical adapters may suffice in some applications.
imaging, digital cinema, and telepresence cameras and video
Table 3-7 summarizes the requirements to convert among
recording. Because of the benefits of inexpensive cabling and
VGA, DVI, HDMI, DisplayPort, and SDI video formats.
ease of termination, an SDI-based video infrastructure can

Standard Name Data Rate Video Format Color Encoding Coax Distance

SMPTE 259M-C SDI 270 Mbps 480i, 576i 4:2:2 YCBCR 300 meters
up to 11.88 Gbps 720p, 1080i,
SMPTE 292M HD-SDI 4:2:2 YCBCR 100 meters
for 12G-SDI 1080p/30
SMPTE 372M Dual Link HD-SDI 2.97 Gbps 1080p/60, 2K various 100 meters
SMPTE 424M 3G-SDI 2.97 Gbps 1080p/60, 2K various 100 meters
SMPTE ST-2081 6G-SDI 5.94 Gbps 4K/30 various 80 meters
SMPTE ST-2082 12G-SDI 11.88 Gbps 4K/60 various 70 meters

Table 3-6. SMPTE - Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers SDI Standards

Figure 3-4. What’s going through the SDI connection?

Ancillary Data SAV Active Video EAV

Active Video Data End of Active Blanking / Audio Start of Active Video Data End of Active Blanking / Audio
Video, Line Active Video Video, Line
Number, CRC Number, CRC
One Line of Video

• SDI is truly serial - the SDI cable has one physical connection at each end.
• No separate clock line is available – timing is recovered from the transmitted data.
• Data rates can range from 270 Mbps for SDI up to 11.88 Gbps for 12G-SDI.
• SAV and EAV packets bookend each line of active video data - packets contain unique bit
patterns and are used for timing reference, line numbering, and error checking.
• Default color space is 4:2:2 YCBCR. 3G-SDI adds support for 4:4:4 YCBCR and 4:4:4 RGB.

­16 Extron Digital Design Guide

 VGA DVI-I DVI-D HDMI DisplayPort SDI
Mechanical Electronic Electronic Electronic Electronic
VGA Compatible
Adapter Conversion3 Conversion3 Conversion3 Conversion3
Mechanical Mechanical Dual-mode Electronic Notes:
DVI-I Compatible 1
Simple adapters only
Adapter4 Adapter2,4 Adapter1,2,4 Conversion3
work for devices supporting
Mechanical Dual-mode Electronic dual-mode DisplayPort
DVI-D Compatible
Adapter2 Adapter1,2 Conversion3 2
No audio unless specifically
Dual-mode Electronic supported by device
HDMI Compatible manufacturer
Adapter1,2 Conversion3
3
Interfacing these signal types
Electronic requires active electronic
DisplayPort Compatible
Conversion3 format conversion
4
Simple adapters only
SDI Compatible work for digital portion of
DVI-I connector
Table 3-7. Converting Between Video Signal Formats

Emerging Formats
USB 3.2 enables higher data transfer rates when using the
Advancing technology and increasing video traffic on IP
USB-C connector, which houses an additional pair of high
networks mean new mechanisms and interfaces for video
speed transmit and receive lanes (TX2, RX2). This doubles the
transport. Some emerging interfaces originally created for
maximum data rate to 20 Gbps when running USB 3.2 over
transporting general digital data have evolved into specialized
the USB-C connector.
mechanisms for digital video.
USB4 requires the use of the USB-C connector and doubles
Universal Serial Bus - USB
the maximum transfer rate to 20 Gbps, for a total of 40 Gbps
USB is a ubiquitous digital data interface used for connecting
maximum data rate when both sets of high speed lanes are
and powering devices. Since the introduction of USB 1.0
active. In Alternate Mode, USB4 can support the maximum
in the 1990s, USB data throughput capability has grown
DisplayPort 2.0 data rate of 80 Gbps by using all the data
from the original 1.5 Mbps to 40 Gbps for USB4. Earlier
lanes for transmit only.
versions up to USB 2.0 had one data lane, thus only half-
duplex operation was possible. USB 3.0 introduced separate USB4 version 2.0 introduces PAM3 signaling for 80 Gbps
“high speed” transmit and receive data lanes (TX1, RX1) throughput at 40 Gbps per lane. Active cables are defined
to enable bidirectional, full-duplex operation. To maintain for increased distance at 80 Gbps. For high performance
backward compatibility, USB 3.0 Type A connectors have displays, a 3-lane mode for 120 Gbps transmission is defined.
these new high speed pins in addition to a full set of USB 2.0
pins. Concurrent with USB 3.1, a smaller, reversible USB-C USB device connectivity includes AV equipment such as
connector specification was introduced. Reversibility requires cameras and touchpanel displays. The USB video device
that pins be duplicated on each edge of a USB-C connector. class - UVC specification defines the interfacing of still-
This connector specification takes advantage of the image and video cameras and other video sources to a
abundance of pins by allowing the high speed and auxiliary computer. UVC devices are natively supported by Windows®,
SBU - sideband use pins to be reassigned to perform Mac OS X®, Linux®, and several UNIX® variants. Software
alternate functions, such as sending analog audio to a driver installation is typically not necessary. UVC supports
pair of headphones or supporting other formats. These uncompressed video, as well as compressed formats such as
include DisplayPort, Thunderbolt, MHL, and superMHL. MJPEG, MPEG 2, and H.264.
See Table 3-8 for a summary of USB pinouts.
Thunderbolt
Following the introduction of USB 3.1, USB 3.0 was Thunderbolt™ was introduced by Intel® in 2009. It is intended
retroactively renamed USB 3.1 Gen 1 with a maximum to connect computers to a wide range of external devices,
5 Gbps data throughput, while USB 3.1 Gen 2 specifies up including high speed storage drives and video displays.
to 10 Gbps data rate capability. Both Gen 1 and Gen 2 were Each Thunderbolt connection consists of four lanes, two for
again renamed in September 2017 with the introduction of transmit and two for receive, with 10 Gbps per lane. Initially,
USB 3.2. the Thunderbolt connector was physically identical to a

[Link] 17
Digital Video Signal Formats

USB 2.0 TYPE A USB 3.0 TYPE A USB TYPE C

PIN FUNCTION PIN FUNCTION PIN FUNCTION PIN FUNCTION

1 +5 VBUS 1 +5 VBUS A1 GND B1 GND
2 Data- 2 Data- A2 SSTX1+ B2 SSTX2+
3 Data+ 3 Data+ A3 SSTX1- B3 SSTX2-
4 GND 4 GND A4 +5 VBUS B4 +5 VBUS
5 SSRX- A5 CC1 B5 CC2

6 SSRX+ A6 Data1+ B6 Data2+

7 GND_DRAIN A7 Data1- B7 Data2-
8 SSTX- A8 SBU1 B8 SBU2
9 SSTX+ A9 +5 VBUS B9 +5 VBUS
A10 SSRX2- B10 SSRX1-
A11 SSRX2+ B11 SSRX1+
A12 GND B12 GND

Table 3-8. USB Pinouts

Mini DisplayPort connector, with a hybrid data interface of PCI • Expanding AV content distribution to computer desktops
Express - PCIe and DisplayPort protocols. Thunderbolt allows and mobile devices
daisy-chaining up to six devices. A DisplayPort-equipped • Digital signage
display may be directly connected to a Thunderbolt interface
• Video recording and playback
on a computer or as the final device in a Thunderbolt chain.
• Long-distance video distribution over wide
Thunderbolt 1 is the initial version of the interface technology geographic areas
and supports DisplayPort 1.1a. Thunderbolt 2 is a subsequent
revision that allows an aggregate 20 Gbps transmit and a There are many considerations when planning to integrate
20 Gbps receive channel, plus support for DisplayPort 1.2. streaming AV with IP networking. Please refer to the Extron
Thunderbolt 3 allows up to 40 Gbps transmit and 40 Gbps AV Streaming Design Guide to learn more about the
receive. It runs over a USB-C interface and can carry two technologies, challenges, and applications for distributing AV
4K/60 video signals. Thunderbolt 4 was released in 2020 over IP networks.
and adds support for USB4 and 8K video while keeping the
Wireless Interfaces
maximum data rate at 40 Gbps.
Solutions for transmitting video wirelessly may be divided into
Streaming Over IP Networks two broad categories:
The reach and capability of IP networking technology • Wireless extender solutions – A source video signal such
continues to grow and encompass many aspects of business as HDMI is converted to a modulated RF signal for wireless
and industry, including professional AV. With IP networking transmission to a receiver connected to a display.
infrastructure already in place at enterprises and other
• Collaboration solutions – A computing device such as a
organizations, it may be advantageous to transport AV
laptop, smartphone, or tablet encodes and transmits video
signals over IP networks. Benefits may include lower overall
content over a Wi-Fi network to a gateway connected to
cost, especially in large-scale systems, along with enhanced
a display.
functionality because of the great reach of IP networks.
Applications of video transmission over IP include: In general, wireless extender solutions can work with more
types of video sources because a computing device is not
required. Video performance parameters such as frame
­18 Extron Digital Design Guide
rate, resolution, and latency are generally better than Wi-Fi network, and the density and reliability of Wi-Fi access
because the entire bandwidth is dedicated to video. There points. A direct Wi-Fi connection between a mobile device
is little need for compression. For example, the WirelessHD and the base unit may provide more stable access than the
standard operates in the 60 GHz band with data rates up to house network.
25 Gbps. In contrast, the data rates achievable with Wi-Fi are
Regulatory issues – Most wireless AV products designed
much lower, and bandwidth is shared between video and
for short-range applications operate at low power in typically
other traffic on the network. Video compression is necessary
unlicensed RF bands. For professional AV products, licensing
to accommodate the lower data rates.
requirements and frequency band allocations are ultimately
Collaboration solutions over Wi-Fi are popular because of the defined by regional government regulations. Such regulations
wide availability of the underlying networking and compression affect a wireless product’s suitability and legal status to operate.
technologies. Computers, tablets, and smartphones already
Interoperability – Professional AV installations often require
have built-in Wi-Fi and can be loaded with software to perform
switching among multiple sources and displays, or several
video compression. Thus, the gateway is the only hardware
rooms with similar wireless capabilities may be located in
required for video. No cable or external transmission device
close proximity. The capability of a particular wireless video
needs to be attached. With the mobile device acting as the
transmission technology to fit such requirements may be
transmitter, these collaboration systems are less physically
an important consideration. How a wireless video solution
cumbersome to use in presentation environments. Software
integrates with other AV switching and distribution systems
running on the presenter’s device may encode and transmit
may need to be considered, as well as how the proposed
using many different protocols and formats, depending on the
wireless video system impacts any existing wireless data or
solution. These include Apple® AirPlay® and other proprietary
video systems.
protocols.
Software requirements – Video transmission solutions based
When implementing wireless video connections, the AV
on Wi-Fi may require installing proprietary software on end
professional should consider the following:
users’ devices. The operation, management, and features of
Range – The specified range between the wireless transmitter this software must be of sufficient quality to satisfy the end user.
and receiver must be suitable for the application. Intervening Additionally, devices owned by the organization usually require
walls or other obstructions between the transmitter and IT department approval before applications can be installed.
receiver degrade the usable range, especially at higher
Security – End-user organizations have specific requirements
frequencies. Operation at the 60 GHz band requires direct
for network security and access authorization to network
line of sight, without any obstructions between transmitter
resources. A successful wireless video implementation
and receiver.
must be capable of providing the necessary level of security
RF interference – When selecting a wireless video established by IT policy. ■
technology, assess potential sources of RF interference in
the frequency band of operation. For example, the popularity
and ubiquity of Wi-Fi frequently leads to situations where
multiple, independent networks are operating simultaneously.
This is particularly true on university campuses and in dense
urban environments. The wireless video technology should be
designed to deliver optimal performance under conditions of
high RF interference. The Extron AV Streaming
Design Guide provides
technical reference data and
Network availability – For systems based on Wi-Fi, the real-world system designs
available bandwidth can be unpredictable and fluctuate that illustrate practical and
effective AV streaming
greatly. This is caused by several factors, including RF applications using Extron
streaming products.
interference, the presence of many devices accessing the

[Link] 19
Notes

­20 Extron Digital Design Guide

Notes

[Link] 21
Anatomy of a Digital Video Signal

Digital video signals have specific performance and timing Because it is binary, a digital signal is fundamentally
requirements that must be maintained throughout the entire robust. A receiver only needs to distinguish between high
signal path. Being familiar with digital signal characteristics, and low levels for each clock period in order to completely
how they may be degraded in real-world installations, reconstruct the original transmission. However, this becomes
and knowing how to minimize the causes and counteract increasingly difficult as the signal swing is decreased and
the effects of signal degradation are keys to a successful as timing becomes less accurate. Rise and fall times, signal
installation. Therefore, knowledge of signal conditioning swing, and timing accuracy are all subject to degradation
requirements for digital signals is essential, and must be in digital signal transmission caused by cable attenuation,
understood accordingly before designing a digital-based cable capacitance, impedance mismatch, noise interference,
AV system. crosstalk, and so forth. It is important to quantify the amount
of signal degradation so that standards for signal integrity can
be defined.
Being familiar with digital signal
characteristics, how they may be degraded If the signal degrades beyond the receiver’s ability to
in real-world installations, and knowing distinguish high and low signal values with correct timing, the
how to minimize the causes and counteract receiver’s output abruptly becomes incoherent, and the signal
the effects of signal degradation are keys disappears. This is known as the cliff effect. In contrast, for
to a successful installation. analog transmission, the receiver’s output gradually degrades
as the signal worsens, but remains at least intelligible long into
its degraded state.
All standard digital video signal formats, including SDI, DVI,
One of the key contributors to timing errors is jitter. Jitter is
HDMI, and DisplayPort are synchronous. The value of a
defined as the variation of the clock period in relation to the
synchronous digital signal may change only at specific
reference clock signal. Jitter can occur over long lengths of
intervals determined by a reference signal known as the
low quality cable, or through the cumulative effect caused
clock. Digital video signals are binary in nature – the signal
by cascading several digital devices between the source and
value can be either a "high" or a "low" level. See Figure 4-1.
the destination.
The amount of time it takes for a digital signal to transition
from low to high is known as the rise time, and the time it Eye diagrams are useful in quantifying digital signal integrity.
takes for the signal to transition from high to low is known They can be produced on an oscilloscope by sampling a
as the fall time. The difference between the high and the series of digital pulses in succession, and overlaying the
low values of the signal level is called the signal swing. The samples on the oscilloscope display. See Figure 4-2.
minimum allowable time interval between transitions is known
as the clock period. The resulting diagram displays the aggregated levels and
timing characteristics of the signal being transmitted, as
Figure 4-1.
illustrated in Figure 4-3. The open, eye-shaped regions
Digital Data Parameters between the waveforms give the “eye” diagram its name. To

Clock Period Clock Period

determine whether the value of the signal is high or low, the
High signal should be captured at intervals corresponding to the
Level
midpoints within these regions. These intervals are also the
midpoints in time between signal transitions. The smaller
Signal the opening of the eye, the more difficult it is to accurately
Swing
determine the signal value. Digital video format specifications
include the requisite values for eye openings as minimum
Low
Level standards for signal integrity. These values can be overlaid
onto eye diagrams as a reference or limit “mask” when
Rise Fall
Time Time making signal quality measurements.

­22 Extron Digital Design Guide

 Swing
Волнаdel
Amplitude
Signal-
Oscilación
Signal
segnale
du
deсигнала
größe
lasignal
Swingseñal

Низкий
Nivel
Niedriger
Niveau
Basso
Low
уровень
bajo
livello
Pegel
bas
Level

Tiempo
Tempo
Temps
Anstiegs-
Время
Risede Temps
Tiempo
Tempo
Abfall-
Время
Fall de
de subida
подъема
montée
diTime
zeit
rise de
descente
падения
diTime
bajada
zeit
rise

Figure 4-2. Figure 4-3.

An eye diagram is formed by repeated sampling of a digital signal. Eye Diagram Parameters

Clock Period
Signal Level
Uncertainty

Usable Minimum
Signal Eye Opening
Swing Mask

Signal Level
Uncertainty

Timing Jitter/Uncertainty Timing Jitter/Uncertainty

Maintaining Digital Signal Integrity Figure 4-4. Fail

A clean digital signal path is crucial for signal integrity. Cable

lengths should not exceed the drivingCycle
capability
Periodo
Тайминг
Clockd’horloge
period
Taktperiode
Period
of digital
del reloj
signal sources. As the
Signalpegel
Signal
Incertidumbre
Incertitude
Incertezza
Нестойкийenlength increases, cable capacitance
Level
liée
del
уровень сигнала
el
au Schwankung
Uncertainty
nivel
livello
niveaudedu
del lasignal
señal
segnale
and attenuation degrade signal rise and fall times as well
as amplitude. Since standard DVI, HDMI, and DisplayPort
Minimal
Amplitude
Swing
Amplitud
Готовая
del
Nutzbare
Usable Máscara
Ouverture
Maschera
Minimumde
Минимальное
geöffnetes
cables are madede up internally of twisted
utilisable
segnale
волна
la señal
Signal-
Signal
utilizzabile
du
utilizable
сигнала
signal
größe
Swing
pairs
apertura
con
Eye en
глаз- of wires, skew
œil de
apertura
Opening
открытие
Augendiagramm
ojos
ad
minimum
occhio
mínima
Mask
маски
диаграммы
is introduced at long cable lengths due to the variations in
twist rates ofIncertidumbre
individual
Signalpegel
Signal Level
Incertitude
Incertezza
Нестойкийen
liée
del
wire pairs in the cabling. Skew impacts
уровень сигнала
the relative eltiming
nivel
aulivellode
niveau lasegnale
Schwankung
deldu señal
Uncertainty
signal
between the video data lines. The signals
Figure 4-5. Pass
carried by these internalTemblor
wire
Джиттер/Нестойкость
Gigue
Jitter
Timing
pairs
dedel
de
may interfere
sincronización/
timing/
temps/
Zeittakt-Jitter/
Jitter/Uncertainty Temblor
with each
Джиттер/Нестойкость
Gigue
Jitter
Timing dedel
de
sincronización/
timing/
temps/
Zeittakt-Jitter/
Jitter/Uncertainty
incertidumbre
Incertitude
Incertezza
Schwankung incertidumbre
Incertitude
Incertezza
Schwankung
other due to coupling effects.

There may also be external sources of interference in the form

of adjacent cables, or nearby electrical equipment such as
motors or even fluorescent lighting. The compromised eye
pattern in Figure 4-4 shows distortion caused by attenuation
losses, interference, and skew-related timing errors from long
cable lengths. The resulting waveform encroaches on the limit
mask, which potentially leads to erratic images, or no image Assessing signal integrity using a standardized
displayed at all. minimum eye opening mask.

Signal conditioning can be applied within digital video

equipment via features such as input signal equalization and
output signal reclocking. These advanced features provide
compensation for losses experienced throughout the signal
chain. It is important to note that such losses are not limited
to the signal path, but may also be related to the source
device itself. The direct signal output from the source device
[Link] 23
Anatomy of a Digital Video Signal

is often assumed to be good, but this is not always the case. depicts the substantial degradation that can be caused
Awareness of this is key to managing the integrity of the by simply inserting a coupler between two cables. In this
overall system. example, the eye diagram shows the result of a 1920x1200
source signal passing through a 6' (1.8-meter) HDMI cable,
In situations where long cable lengths are unavoidable,
then through an HDMI female-to-female coupler, and finally
active cable equalizers can be deployed to restore signal
an additional 6' HDMI cable. This emphasizes the importance
integrity and extend drive distances. Active equalizers are
of proper design considerations for management of all high
designed to compensate for the effects of long cable runs.
resolution digital signals. To best accommodate specific
Special amplifiers and filters matched to cable losses restore
design challenges that may compromise digital video signal
signal swing, as well as rise and fall times. Clock and data
integrity, system interconnects should be kept to a minimum
recovery circuitry can remove jitter and restore clock timing,
and signal distribution equipment should always feature signal
resulting in a measurable opening of the signal eye pattern.
conditioning capabilities.
Figure 4-5 shows the result of signal conditioning applied by
an Extron twisted pair extender to the distorted “eye” pattern
System interconnects should be kept to a
in Figure 4-4. Signal conditioning features, such as including
input equalization and output reclocking are common to many
minimum, and signal distribution equipment
Extron digital product solutions. should always feature signal conditioning
capabilities.
As video resolutions and associated signal frequencies
increase, the signal becomes ever more susceptible to
discontinuities along the cable. Such discontinuities cause
reflections that degrade the signal. Therefore, a cable's bend
radius should be kept as large as possible and cable splices, Figure 4-6. Substantial signal degradation caused by
simply inserting an HDMI coupler.
joiners, or gender changers should be avoided. Figure 4-6
HDMI
Female-to-Female
Adapter

6 ft (1.8 m) 6 ft (1.8 m)
HDMI Cable HDMI Cable

The ABCs of Digital Video Signals is an Extron white

paper that offers an introduction to digital video signals
and formats, eye diagrams, and the importance of
digital video signal conditioning.

­24 Extron Digital Design Guide

Solutions for Extending Digital Video Signals provides a means to conveniently route cabling through
The customized nature of professional AV systems usually walls and within ceiling spaces, as well as furniture, terminate
presents many digital video distribution challenges to the cables in the field, and send signals over extended distances.
integrator, including the need to send signals over significant
CATx twisted pair cable offers a cost-effective, easily
distances. Extron offers a variety of products for specific
installed and terminated option for digital signal transmission
digital video formats to help meet infrastructure-related
distances up to 330' (100 m). Fiber optic cable is ideal for
requirements. For example, most installations call for cable
much longer distance transmission requirements up to
runs of 35' (11 meters) or beyond, including within walls and
several miles or kilometers, and it is also easy to install and
up into ceiling spaces. This can be a problem with standard
terminate. Additionally, fiber optic transmission is important for
digital cable assemblies, since the connectors are often too
applications where security or outside electrical interference
large to conveniently run through conduits and raceways, as
are of concern. CATx and fiber optic cables are far more
illustrated in Figure 4-7. Additionally, terminating HDMI and DVI
suitable for pulling through conduit than cable assemblies, as
cables in the field is difficult. Even when this is possible, most
illustrated in Figure 4-7.
standard cable assemblies offer insufficient performance to
send signals over significant distances. For some specific AV applications, digital video content can be
transmitted wirelessly and streamed over IP networks. All of
Fortunately, products and solutions are available that offer
the available options for distributing AV is further detailed in this
the flexibility to address specific system needs. A popular
guide’s section entitled System Design Considerations. ■
alternative to standard cable assemblies is to use an active
transmitter and receiver pair to send digital signals over
shielded CATx twisted pair or fiber optic cable. This approach

Figure 4-7.
Running HDMI, twisted pair, and fiber optic cable through conduit.

1" Conduit

HDMI cable with 4 CATx twisted pair Fiber optic cables

Type A connector cables can transmit (6-strand)
4 HDMI signals Each cable can transmit
6 HDMI signals

[Link] 25
Understanding EDID

The rapid developments in professional AV and control information, including the vendor, model, serial number, date
technologies have given rise to challenges in system of manufacture, physical image dimensions, display transfer
deployment of digital AV interfaces such as HDMI, USB-C, characteristics – gamma, and color characteristics – RGB
DisplayPort, and DVI. The emergence of HDMI 2.1 and USB-C primaries and white point.
video in Alternate Mode, in particular, have different types
In addition to a sink, EDID may also be stored in repeater
of configuration that require a greater level of understanding
devices situated in between a source and a sink. Switchers,
of standard protocols and EDID management. AV systems
distribution amplifiers or DAs, and signal processing
today include increased display resolution up to 8K HDR and
equipment are common examples of repeaters.
higher, multiple audio formats, smart LED displays, enhanced
encryption techniques, large scale video distribution, along Consumer televisions or monitors with HDMI ports require
with use of voice-controlled and networked AV devices. EDID with additional 128-byte extension blocks. Standardized
as CTA-861-H by the Consumer Technology Association,
Though largely successful, each development brings with
it defines parameters for compatible video and audio
it many challenges in delivering a solidly robust, trouble-
formats when connected to a device such as an AV receiver,
free video system to the end user. Such challenges may be
4K Blu-ray Disc player, mobile device, or a computer. The
associated with the integrity of digital video signals as they
CTA-861-H block data also specifies, whenever appropriate,
travel along cables and pass through equipment and the
3D video formats, color bit depths for Deep Color, color space
reliability of the cable connections as well as terminations.
compatibility including xvYCC, and parameters for lip sync.
They may also be related to two-way digital communication.
When a source device connects to a sink, EDID is sent to
This two-way communication first encompasses EDID
the source, which uses it to produce a video output properly
exchange, with HDCP authentication to follow if the content
formatted for the display. For example, a computer receives
to be displayed is HDCP-encrypted. Successful completion of
EDID from a sink indicating 4K native resolution via the sink’s
both is prerequisite to enabling the flow of digital AV content
HDMI port, and responds accordingly by sending video to
from source to display. Problems with EDID or HDCP are
the sink at the same resolution. EDID is intended to enable
major causes of system failure leading to this very common
a simple plug-and-play connection while automatically
symptom: a scrambled, blank, or blue screen accompanied
optimizing video compatibility between source and sink.
with a message that reads “No Signal Present” or something
similar. Issues with HDCP handshaking are well-known in the EDID exchange is standardized by VESA - Video Electronics
field. EDID also has a long history in AV and is widely familiar Standards Organization. It was first introduced in 1994
to integrators. However, it is also difficult to fully understand, for analog VGA because of the proliferation of CRT data
and perhaps more importantly, to effectively troubleshoot display models with various preferred resolutions. To simplify
when things go wrong in a digital video setup. connection from a computer, attributes of the display are
automatically communicating attributes of the display to the
What is EDID?
graphics card. As a result of its wide implementation, EDID
EDID - Extended Display Identification Data consists of 128-
has been incorporated into the HDMI, DVI, and DisplayPort
byte data structures stored in a video display device – also
standards.
referred to as a sink. EDID specifies a sink’s characteristics
and must contain a primary data block, which is also In 2017, VESA released the latest version of DisplayID, which
known as VESA block 0. Block 0 lists the display’s preferred uses a similar handshaking mechanism as EDID between
resolution and refresh rate, other resolutions and refresh rates video sources and displays, but with reformatted data
that can be accepted, and color characteristics. The preferred structures to accommodate computer displays with higher
resolution is usually, but not always, the same as the display’s resolutions and higher refresh rates than can be supported by
native resolution. EDID also contains a wide range of ancillary EDID. These displays often combine DisplayID and EDID data
to allow access to advanced features and provide backward
compatibility.

­26 Extron Digital Design Guide

 What’s in EDID?

Here are some of the essential details contained within EDID. Extron EDID Manager 2.1 software lets the user
view and edit EDID files for easy customization of AV parameters, such as timing, audio channels, bit depth
and more.
The software
translates EDID to
readable information

Model name
of the display

Preferred or native
resolution and
refresh rate

Supported audio
format

Video format

Full list of supported

timings

Custom CVT 1.2 calculator

List of audio formats

supported by the sink
or repeater

Speaker allocation
for a specific audio
format

Additional information,
such as compatible
3D video formats or
color bit depths

[Link] 27
Understanding EDID

Figure 5-1.
EDID Communication, Step by Step

EDID EXCHANGE
Display is Connected

Just got hooked up.

It’s time to assert myself.

I sense a disturbance
in the video output lines...
HPD went from LOW to
Display drives HPD HIGH so it means something
signal HIGH changed at my output port.
HPD I must investigate!
Zzz...
Initial Connection

HPD goes HIGH

My name is Elsie Dee

I was born on... Video Output
I prefer to display 4K/60
and I can play stereo audio.
Here’s a list of other video
resolutions that I can
handle: 1080p, WUXGA... The user commanded
me to generate 1080p, so
that’s what you’ll get. This
video is protected content,
so next let’s exchange
Tell me about yourself HDCP Keys...
so I’ll know what
signals to generate. Video and DDC
lines active
DDC lines active

EDID Exchange

For protected content, interaction continues to HDCP negotiations.

2. Acknowledgement of source connection and

EDID has been incorporated into the HDMI, handshaking – Once the sink’s EDID circuitry is powered up,
DVI, and DisplayPort standards. it signals confirmation of the connection by driving the HPD -
Hot Plug Detect signal from “low” to “high.” The HPD pin is
EDID Communication Protocol, Step by Step separate from the DDC and its +5 volt supply line.
The protocol for establishing the exchange of EDID is
3. Request for EDID from the sink – When the source has
standardized by VESA as the DDC - Display Data Channel.
received an HPD “high” signal, it then sends a command
It is based on I2C, a standard serial bus protocol for two-way
requesting the sink’s EDID via the DDC.
communication in many types of electronic devices. The DDC
specifies three pins on the HDMI or DVI connector for signal 4. Transmission of EDID to the source – The sink receives
transmission and data exchange, including the SDA - serial the command and responds by sending its EDID to the
data line and SCL - serial clock line for I2C and a +5 volt source through the DDC.
supply from the source.1 Signals passing through the DDC are
separate from the TMDS lines that carry video and audio. 5. Source video output based on EDID – The source
reads the data within the EDID and responds accordingly by
1. Initial source connection – A source device is connected sending its video output to the sink at the preferred resolution,
to the sink and is powered up. Per the DDC specification, the refresh rate, and color space. The preferred resolution may
source supplies +5 volts to the sink. This powers the sink’s be overridden if the user selects an alternate output resolution
EDID circuitry so that EDID exchange can take place without that complies with the supported video timings in the EDID.
the need to fully power the display.
6. HDMI sinks and sources such as consumer televisions
and 4K Blu-ray Disc players – For HDMI sink devices,
1
 isplayPort supports DDC but does not utilize the I2C bus for transmitting DDC signals or
D EDID usually contains one or more extension data blocks,
EDID between devices. Instead, it translates the I2C bus into a designated auxiliary channel
at the source and sink connections. providing compatible timings, as well as supported audio

­28 Extron Digital Design Guide

formats, speaker allocation, and if present, lip sync delay. The Common symptom. No image seen at all. Or if the source
source detects the presence of these extension blocks via a is a computer, the image seems to be at a low resolution and
flag in the primary EDID block, and then requests them from appears fuzzy, stretched, or does not fill the screen.
the sink.
Explanation. Integrators working with HDMI in the field are
The HPD and EDID handshake process is illustrated in quite aware of the dramatic effects on image quality that
Figure 5-1. It is important to mention here that DisplayPort, result from a loss of signal integrity in the TMDS video lines.
HDMI, and DVI specifications require successful EDID Signal degradation can occur because of transmission over
communication before a source will output its video. EDID long cables, poor connections, the use of couplers to extend
communication, in turn, is dependent on successful HPD cables, cascading multiple devices in the signal path, and
handshaking. In the event of a handshake failure, some sink other factors.
devices may display a lower resolution without proper EDID
Similarly, signal integrity problems can affect the DDC and
communication.
HPD lines and affect image display reliability. Signals passing
Additionally, for HDCP-encrypted content, EDID through DDC and HPD essentially follow standard TTL binary
communication must be completed before HDCP logic. According to the specifications for HDMI, a “low” signal
authentication can occur. Exchange of information for HDCP is detected if it falls within the range of 0 to 0.8 volts. A “high”
occurs over the same DDC lines as EDID exchange. signal is detected if it is sensed within the range of 2.0 to
5.3 volts.
Figure 5-2. EDID Communication Issues
Common symptoms of an
Problems related to EDID Signal integrity problems can affect
EDID-related problem
communication may occur as the DDC and HPD lines and impact
a result of DDC or HPD signal
image display reliability.
degradation due to cable losses,
poor terminations, or EMI/RFI
interference. They may also Long cables can cause logic signals to drift lower, possibly
Normal image display originate in the sink, source, or causing an intended high signal to be misinterpreted at the
sometimes a repeater, such as a receiving end. Figure 5-3 illustrates the effect of HPD signal
switcher, and be related to how loss over a long HDMI cable. The signal from the sink has
No Signal! HPD or EDID are being handled lost enough voltage that when it reaches the source, the
or managed within the system. signal is detected below the range defining high HPD. As a
Common symptoms include no
Figure 5-3.
No image on-screen
image shown on-screen or the Long cables can result in HPD signal loss, causing an
image is present but appears intended high signal to be misread by the source.
distorted, fuzzy, or does not fill
the screen – see Figure 5-2. This HPD HPD
signal
"High" Threshold "High" Threshold
can make it difficult to isolate signal

the problem. The balance of time time

Image does not fill the screen

this section identifies the most HPD

prominent field issues related to EDID, with suggestions for Laptop

HDMI
Projector

successfully overcoming them.

result, the source fails to request EDID from the sink and the
Signal Integrity Problems in the DDC or HPD Lines
handshake process terminates. Similar problems can occur
Typical system scenarios. (1) A source is connected to a
with signal extenders and twisted pair cables that are too
sink over a long HDMI connection. (2) A source is connected
long. Even if the DDC or HPD lines have been affected, the
far away from a sink and uses a twisted pair extender.
TMDS video lines may still be intact since they are handled
differently. Many sources fail to output video if the handshake

[Link] 29
Understanding EDID

Figure 5-4.
Computer graphics settings include information such as display resolution, monitor
information, and various timing parameters.

2
Although a source usually requires EDID exchange to output its content, a sink device can display
incoming signals without EDID communication.

fails, but computers typically send an output at a default low A video test pattern generator can be used to check the
resolution, such as 1024×768, to ensure the user can still work integrity of the TMDS video lines – see the sidebar for more
with the computer.2 In this scenario, just a few selectable low information. If the TMDS lines are found to be good, an EDID
resolutions are available when manually configuring the output management device, such as the Extron EDID 101H 4K PLUS,
from the computer. can provide a quick and effective solution when system
modifications are impractical or inconvenient. Typically, the
Unlike previous versions of Windows®, the generic
device is connected at the source output over a short cable.
Windows 10/11 ‘display’ settings no longer reveals the make
The EDID 101H 4K PLUS automatically manages EDID
and model of the sink based on EDID. Instead, the system
communication with the source, so that the device essentially
reports back as a Generic PnP Monitor. Alternatively, users
simulates the function of a sink. The source then outputs its
may access the Video Graphics settings of the GPU to
content to the EDID 101H 4K PLUS, which passes the signals
determine the model of the monitor.
through to the display.
In this way, the user can still find the output resolution and
Extron technologies for EDID management are EDID Minder®
monitor information on the graphic card’s control panel. This
and EDID Emulation. They enable EDID communication with
is significant to identify whether the video output is native to
the source using pre-stored EDID tables, available at various
the resolution of the display. See Figure 5-4.
resolutions with or without audio, which can be selected by
Recommended solutions. To help prevent DDC and HPD the user to match the display’s native or preferred resolution.
signal degradation, employ the same practices recommended EDID Minder builds on EDID Emulation by allowing the EDID
for good digital video signal integrity. Keep cables as short as management-equipped device to initiate a handshake with
possible, ensure that connections are solid and robust, and the display to receive its EDID. It can then be stored and
simplify the signal path by minimizing discontinuities in the subsequently communicated to the source, reducing some
chain. If using signal extenders over twisted pair cable, cable uncertainty associated with determining the best resolution for
lengths should be kept within manufacturer guidelines. the display.

­30 Extron Digital Design Guide

 EDID management devices improve system reliability by
keeping the EDID handshake closer to the sources. This
Essential Troubleshooting Tools eliminates the uncertainties associated with sending HPD
for EDID-Related Field Issues
and DDC signals over extended cable lengths or through
successive devices in the signal path. It is generally
recommended that EDID be delivered from as close to the
Having a number of tools on hand can save a lot of time
and effort, and expedite the process of troubleshooting source as possible or practical.
digital video-related problems in the field, including
those related to EDID. One of the most effective tools is Other considerations. Signal degradation effects caused
a Quantum Data 780 test generator and HDMI analyzer. by EMI/RFI interference, ground loops, and more can cause
However, many other tools can also be effective without voltages to drift upward, potentially leading to misdetection
requiring significant capital outlay.
of low logic signals. When extending HDMI signals over CATx
cables grouped with other cables, or in close proximity with
• Viewing and Editing EDID. Free software, such as
®
Extron EDID Manager 2.1 is available for viewing and power sources, shielded twisted pair cables and connectors
editing the contents of an EDID. Examining an EDID are recommended for protection against interference.
is the best way to determine a display’s preferred and
compatible resolutions, as well as audio formats and EDID Management Not Configured
other attributes. Typical system scenario. An AV device with EDID
management is installed right out of the box and put into
• Video test generator. Video test generators can
output test patterns through the TMDS lines without operation.
requiring EDID handshake with the sink. Some can
also show the native resolution of an attached sink
Common symptom. There’s no problem getting the image
device by reading its EDID, making it handy for quick displayed on-screen. However, the image seems to be at the
validation. Extron video processors similarly have wrong resolution for the display, looking slightly fuzzy, possibly
built-in test pattern generators, so having one on distorted, or not filling up the screen.
hand can be very helpful whenever troubleshooting
is needed. Explanation. Many types of AV products, including those
from Extron, incorporate EDID management. Examples are
• EDID management device. The Extron
EDID 101H 4K PLUS and similar products are small
switchers, matrix switchers, DAs, scalers, and video signal
and compact, and can be used to help quickly processors, plus long distance extenders. Having EDID
debug field issues related to integrity of the DDC or management in these products can improve system reliability
HPD lines, or some other problem related to EDID. by keeping the EDID handshake closer to the sources.

• HDMI line tester. Affordable line testers are available These devices likely have factory default settings for EDID
that can provide a quick integrity check of the TMDS,
management. Extron AV products are shipped from the
DDC, HPD, and +5 volt supply lines.
factory with a default pre-stored EDID setting to 1080p or
• Network cable tester. Testers for network cables 720p, depending on the model. The 1080p resolution is
can be very useful in installations with twisted pair widely compatible with today’s televisions and monitors,
extenders. They can be used to check for problems while most of the modern desktop monitors natively support
related to terminations, shielding, and signal integrity,
1920x1080 resolution.
and to determine whether there may be significant
crosstalk. The quality of connector terminations plays
These default settings usually ensure reliable image display,
an important role in the performance of systems with
twisted pair signal transmission.
but the image may not be optimal. For example, if a system
includes a source capable of 1080p output and a sink at
1080p native resolution, equipment with default 720p EDID
forces the source to output at 720p for the display. The
image, upscaled to 1080p, does not appear to be as sharp
as it should be. In addition to resolution mismatch, aspect

[Link] 31
Understanding EDID

In this case, nothing may appear at all on the display. Or a

EDID Management Software computer sends out an image at a default low resolution,
often 1024×768, and just a few selectable low resolutions are
available when trying to configure the output. Again, properly
In a complex system, it becomes increasingly important setting up EDID management resolves the issue.
to address the EDID incompatibilities in the system setup.
Be aware that 4K Blu-ray Disc players usually only output a
Typical issues due to signal integrity, slow source
limited set of consumer TV resolutions. If connected to EDID
switching, dim or washed out image, audio compatibility,
management that is set to a computer resolution, the player
no picture etc. may require modifying EDID in the
devices. In this scenario, an EDID Management Software most likely sends a low resolution output at 480p that is
tool easily corrects the incompatibilities between the universally compatible with sinks.
display EDID and the product capabilities.
Slow or Unreliable Source Switching
®
Extron EDID Manager 2.1 enables users to manage
Typical system scenarios. (1) A basic or low-cost HDMI
display device capabilities such as supported video rates,
switcher is used in an AV system. (2) A system design includes
color space, chroma sampling, color bit depth, audio
capabilities, and overall video format – all from a single multiple HDMI sources connected directly to the inputs of
convenient software interface. The software allows you to a display.
open, view, modify, and convert EDID display formats, as
well as generate PDF status reports that provide critical Common symptom. Switching between sources is slow. For
information about the display device. It can connect some displays, the built-in switching may even be unreliable
and transfer EDID directly to select Extron products,
with some source devices.
simplifying project start-up and commissioning.

Explanation. Basic HDMI switchers handle transitions

An Extron factory-default EDID library is included
between sources by simply disconnecting the signal lines
as a starting template from which users can begin
creating custom EDID configurations. User-modified including TMDS video, DDC, and HPD. When the lines
EDID configurations can be accessed from other are reestablished following an input selection, the EDID
Extron software such as PCS, VCS, and XTP® System negotiation process has to be reinitiated between the display
Configuration Software to connect and transfer custom
and the newly selected source device. This renegotiation of
EDID configuration to Extron products.
EDID can result in some switching lag. This latency may be

Figure 5-5.
An Extron SW2 HD 4K PLUS Series switcher actively
maintains continuous EDID communication with both
connected input sources, resulting in consistent and
reliable operation. Generic switchers simply pass DDC
ratio issues can occur, such as in a system with a 1440×900 information from only the selected input directly to the
output. This necessitates reinitiating EDID communication
monitor and a computer. A default EDID at 720p forces a
between the source and display upon each switch. This
lower resolution output to the sink, which then distorts the can contribute to unreliable operation, switching lag, and
video image by stretching it to fill the screen or display the visible glitches of the displayed image.
image within a black frame. Display Display

Recommended solution. Set up the EDID management

feature to capture the EDID from the sink and then
communicate it to the source. Alternatively, set the EDID EDID EDID

management to communicate pre-stored EDID at the Extron

Generic
SW2 HD 4K PLUS
Switcher
preferred or native resolution of the sink. 1 2 Switcher
1 2

Other considerations. Problems can occur if the pre-stored EDID EDID

No EDID communication
EDID ! for unselected input
or captured EDID is at a resolution that a source, such as a
computer or its graphics card, does not recognize or accept.
Laptop 4K Blu-ray Player Laptop 4K Blu-ray Player

­32 Extron Digital Design Guide

prolonged if the new source presents a different resolution or of the inputs and communicated to the sources. No EDID
color space to the sink. management setup is required, which simplifies installation.

Switching lag can be especially noticeable when switching Images Look Great on Some Displays but Not
between a display’s built-in HDMI. Additionally, a display may on Others
handle a new input selection by switching only the TMDS or Typical system scenario. A matrix switcher with EDID
DDC lines from the previous source, but doing nothing with management is used so that several displays can reliably
the HPD line. This can be a problem, because some sources show content from an HD source. The displays are LCD flat
wait for the HPD line to change state before sending video. In panels and a combination of smaller 1080p and larger 4K
such cases, switching between inputs on a display can result models.
in no viewable picture until the system is power-cycled.
Common symptom. The picture looks very good on the
Recommended solution. Avoid using a display’s integrated 1080p screens, but not sharp enough on the 4K displays.
switching whenever possible. Instead, use a switcher with
Explanation. Matrix switchers with EDID management
EDID management, such as the Extron SW HD 4K PLUS
are similar to switchers in that EDID is communicated to
Series switchers. They speed up switching by exchanging
each source connected to an input. EDID management in a
EDID with each connected source. The HPD and DDC
matrix switcher can be very effective in managing resolution
lines are never disconnected, so the sources continuously
compatibility between sources and various displays.
output video regardless of the input currently selected on the
switcher. See Figure 5-5. When using EDID management in a matrix switcher, a
common practice is to determine the native resolutions of the
By default, the SW HD 4K PLUS Series automatically captures
displays to be tied to an input source, and then determine
EDID from the display device when it is connected to the
the highest common resolution between them. Pre-stored
switcher and powered on. Then, this EDID is stored for each

Figure 5-6.
The Extron XTP System Configurator software includes a user-friendly GUI for managing EDID
throughout the system.

[Link] 33
Understanding EDID

Figure 5-7.
Graphics formatted for 1080p are likely to appear fuzzy Additional EDID-Related
when scaled up on a native 4K display. Pitfalls and Issues
Native 1080p Native 4K
FCC Compliance Testing at Extron
Military, Government,
In addition to the common field-related EDID issues
Medical Apps
Other

10
10
discussed in this guide, there are several other situations
65
and issues that can be related to EDID.
15
Pro AV ITE

Commercial • Consumer • Military

• HDMI and DisplayPort inputs. Many sinks designed

Desktop PC
FCC Compliance Testing at Extron
for commercial applications have separate HDMI and
Military, Government,
Medical Apps

DisplayPort inputs that may have different capabilities

Other
10
10

15
Pro AV
65
ITE

1080p Output HDMI Matrix Switcher

Commercial • Consumer • Military

between them. It is vital to incorporate the correct

EDID video format for the AV device, especially
in applications where there is a mix of HDMI and
or display captured EDID based on this resolution is then DisplayPort interfaces. Depending on the standard,
communicated to the source, so that the output is compatible it is essential to note that DisplayPort does not carry
Ethernet data and audio features such as ARC -
with all displays. Figure 5-6 illustrates EDID management
Audio Return Channel and would require proper EDID
setup for an Extron XTP II CrossPoint® matrix switcher. management in place when active adapters are used
with the downstream HDMI devices and vice versa.
For example, a 4K television and a 1080p display are to be fed
from a computer via a matrix switcher. The highest common • Cascading devices with EDID management. In
some systems there are more than one device in the
resolution is 1080p, so the EDID management would be set
chain with EDID management capability. Generally,
to this resolution. Although an image is reliably shown on it is best to manage EDID as close to the source as
both displays, graphics look sharp on the 1080p display but possible, so EDID management should be limited to
may appear somewhat fuzzy on the 4K TV. See Figure 5-7. the device connected directly to the source.

Additional issues can arise when mixing and matching • EDID from the sink required. In some applications,
displays of various aspect ratios. the original EDID from the sink must be used when
applying EDID management. A particular example
Recommended solution. Complaints and service calls can is 3D video from a Blu-ray Disc. The EDID within a
3D-capable sink specifies the supported 3D video
be avoided by taking an important step during the needs
formats supported, which need to be conveyed to
assessment phase of system design. Discuss with the end the player. EDID management can be used to capture
user the application requirements for displaying sources this EDID from the sink and then communicate it to
on multiple displays. Determine the sources, their content the player.

resolutions, and the native resolutions for the displays. Ask • Corrupt EDID in display. This is not very common,
about the end user’s expectations for image quality, and but may happen with legacy displays. Corrupt
whether some compromises are acceptable if a source is to EDID is not likely to be an issue with newer
HDMI-equipped sinks. These devices conform
feed a mix of display resolutions and aspect ratios.
to the CTA‑861 standard, which requires that the
EDID be write-protected in the display to prevent
The importance of image quality may depend on the nature
accidental corruption.
of the content. When scaling resolution up or down, video
and photos are more likely to be acceptable than graphics. • Customizing an EDID. There may be circumstances
in which neither the EDID in the sink or the emulated
Whenever possible, high resolution graphics for digital
EDID is ideal. For example, a source needs to send an
signage and other applications should be presented pixel-for- HDMI output to a display at a specific resolution, and
pixel to ensure that details are sharp and clear. also send out audio. Emulated EDID can be provided
by the EDID management but with no provision for
Other considerations. When combining televisions with audio. The solution is to customize the EDID. This can
computers and desktop monitors, be aware that many TVs be done using a software application, such as Extron
EDID Manager 2.1.
may only accept a very limited range of computer resolutions.
In these situations, 1080p may be the best common
resolution.

­34 Extron Digital Design Guide

Color Space Switching or Compatibility Issues Source Compatibility Problems
Typical system scenario. A mix of HDMI and DVI sources Typical system scenario. A computer had been configured
are connected to a sink through a switcher. The DVI source to a specific output resolution. It is then connected to a new
is sending RGB color space video to the sink. A user then display, either manually or through a switcher.
selects a new HDMI source that outputs component color
Common symptoms. The image does not look right – fuzzy,
space video to the sink.
stretched, or partially filling the screen. There may even be no
Common symptoms. The screen momentarily flashes image at all.
magenta, the image is permanently tinted in magenta and
Explanation. After connecting to the new sink, the computer
green, or there is no image at all.
failed to follow its EDID and retained the previous resolution
Explanation. The DVI specification supports RGB color setting. It does not match the sink’s native or preferred
space only and does not mention component color space. resolution. If the sink is incompatible with the computer’s
HDMI expands on the DVI spec to include optional support output resolution, an error message may be displayed.
for component color space, so a display’s HDMI input usually
Recommended solution. Go into the display settings or
accepts it.
open the program for the graphics card. Select the native
When suddenly receiving a different color space into an HDMI resolution for the display. Make sure the new resolution
input, some displays smoothly handle the transition with no setting is retained if the computer is to be switched with other
glitches. Others may exhibit a brief visual artifact. This can sources. If the issue persists, connect an EDID 101H 4K PLUS
occur when a display, receiving RGB color space through or other EDID management device to the computer output or
its input, suddenly senses a component color space from a use a switcher with EDID management capabilities.
newly switched source. The screen may momentarily flash
Other considerations. A somewhat similar situation may
magenta as the display adjusts to the new color space.
occur when a laptop is newly connected to an external
In switching systems combining sources that output RGB display. The laptop may switch over to a specific presentation
and component color space, problems may occur if there are display mode, known as “Duplicate” in Windows 10/11, in
monitors with DVI inputs3. If a component color space video which the desktop is duplicated on the laptop’s internal
signal is switched to a display’s DVI input, the result may be screen and the display. The video output is identical on
no image display or a picture tinted with magenta and green. both displays, so the resolution chosen must be mutually
compatible. This resolution may not be optimal for either or
Recommended solution. Though not directly related to
both displays, unless they share the same native resolution.
EDID, EDID management can avoid these potential color
space issues by communicating EDID to all input sources For example, if the laptop’s internal screen resolution is
that only specify RGB compatibility. The HDMI specification 1920×1080 and the external projector is 3840×2160 native,
requires that sources and sinks, at minimum, be compatible 1920×1080 is sent to both. This may even happen without
with RGB color space. the internal screen being active. If the best possible image
is desired for the external display, this issue usually can
Other considerations. If EDID management does not resolve
be resolved easily in Windows 10/11 by holding down the
color space issues, then it may be necessary to check the
Windows logo key and tapping “P” to cycle through the
color space settings on the sources and sinks. Changing the
available display modes to “Projector only.” If you intend to use
color space format to “auto” on the source, sink, or both often
the external display to extend your desktop, select “Extend.”
resolves the problem.
Some presenters like to use the laptop’s internal screen as
3
 hile this is generally the case for computer monitors with DVI inputs, many PCs,
W
graphics cards, and displays have DVI ports that are actually HDMI compliant. a confidence monitor. If the laptop screen resolution equals
or exceeds the native of the presentation display, this should
not be a problem. But the presentation image may be less
than desirable if the laptop is connected to a higher resolution
projector or display.
[Link] 35
Understanding EDID

HDMI Audio Issues Figure 5-9.

A matrix switcher outputs de-embedded audio from
Typical system scenario. A source, such as a computer the HDMI signal and feeds a power amplifier for audio
or 4K Blu-ray Disc player, is connected to a sink over HDMI. distribution.
The intention is to watch video and listen to audio through the
speakers in the sink.
Projector
Common symptom. The audio is missing.
HDMI Matrix Switcher
Desktop PC
Explanation. HDMI provides the convenience of sending
audio together with the video on a single cable, which can De-Embedded Audio
Power Amplifier
simplify integration in applications where audio presentation is
needed. For some systems, HDMI audio is carried through to
a display and delivered through its built-in speakers. In other
Ceiling Speakers
installations, an intermediary device extracts the audio for
playback over a sound reinforcement system. Consumer AV
receivers commonly extract HDMI audio to provide surround
sink’s compatible audio formats. This encompasses PCM or
sound. The Extron HAE 100 4K PLUS HDMI Audio De-
the multi-channel audio formats from Dolby and DTS. The sink
Embedder is an example of a product ideal for commercial AV
must specify the channel count and speaker allocation. The
systems.
source provides audio compatible with the sink as specified in
In addition to EDID management with support for audio the EDID. Usually, the format most relevant to commercial AV
formats, the HAE 100 4K PLUS can be connected to a matrix systems is two-channel or 2.0 PCM.
switcher to extract embedded HDMI audio, while passing the
There are many instances in which a source may not send
HDMI signals on to the display.
audio over HDMI as expected. A computer may be overriding
An HDMI sink sends one or more EDID extension blocks to the EDID and defaulting to a mode with its analog audio
an HDMI source, which includes information establishing the output active and the HDMI audio turned off. Or a 4K Blu-ray
Disc player may have been manually set to output Dolby
Figure 5-8.
Digital 5.1, regardless of EDID, which the sink does not
Setting the HDMI output as the default audio device usually
solves HDMI audio problems. accept. In this case, “crackling” artifacts may be audible
through the sink’s speakers.

A less common situation, leading to no HDMI audio, is failure

to transmit the EDID extension blocks to the computer.
This is caused by the computer not following HDMI/DDC
specifications when requesting EDID from the sink.

Recommended solution. For a 4K Blu-ray Disc player,

select two-channel PCM output in the configuration menus.
For a computer, be sure the driver for the graphics card or
integrated graphics is up to date. Then, go into the sound
settings to activate HDMI audio output. See Figure 5-8.
Ensure that settings are retained if the system requires
switching with other sources. If the issue persists, connect
an EDID management device to the source output, or use a
switcher with EDID management.

Other considerations. Some projectors do not specify

audio output in their EDID, even over their HDMI ports. Thus,

­36 Extron Digital Design Guide

 Figure 5-10. Typical system scenario. A computer source connected via
Intel Graphics Display Settings.
HDMI to a consumer display through an AV device with EDID
management capability.

Common symptom. The image appears washed out on the

display, not utilizing the complete color range.

Explanation. Some sinks may represent the Video Capability

Block differently during EDID exchange4. This can create
incompatibility between the source and sink color ranges. The
source outputs full range but the sink processes it as limited,
leading to a washed out image.

The sink may incorrectly process the incoming signal

when the source declares AVI - Auxiliary Video Information
colorimetry and quantization output as “default.” This results
in the output image being washed out. In addition, some
there may be no HDMI audio output from the source. This is
monitors interpret quantization range based off the resolution.
also likely the case for displays without speakers. The lack of
If the source is outputting a SMPTE rate (720p, 1080p, etc),
audio in the EDID is a problem if there is a product in between
that is intended to extract the HDMI audio for output to a Figure 5-11.
sound reinforcement system. The Extron HAE 100 4K PLUS, EDID Manager 2.1 Video Capability Block
switchers, and matrix switchers with EDID management
can resolve this issue by sending EDID directly to the
source device that specifies audio output as well as video
at the projector’s preferred resolution, see Figure 5-9. Pre-
stored EDID is available that includes two-channel PCM or
multi‑channel audio formats via the EDID extension block.

Image Washed Out

Quantization refers to the process where the number of
distinct signal levels is defined in the system. Hence, it is
essential to properly define the most appropriate quantization
range for the display in EDID. Typically, consumer and
broadcast-oriented video supports limited color range (16-235
for 8 bits per color) quantization, while the full range (0-255 for
8 bits per color) is used in computer video.

It becomes important to adjust these parameters in the

computer's Display Settings when there is conflict between
the quantization ranges of the source and sink device during
EDID communication. See Figure 5-10. Some monitors are
specific when it comes to the supported quantization range in
the EDID Video Capability Block. The quantization range gives
the source the capability to declare its quantization output as
either: default, full, or limited. This, in turn, must be compatible
with the display.
4
Certain attributes may not be the same for all the sinks available in the market and
depends on how the sink device interprets what the source is sending when it is
declaring its output as “default”.

[Link] 37
Understanding EDID

then the sink assumes that the source is providing limited Identify special EDID requirements. Support for HDR video
when it declares its output as “default.” necessitates use of EDID from a HDR-compatible display
device. Many professional displays do not support audio, so
Recommended Solution. This can be fixed by either
EDID management with audio support is necessary if sound
selecting the appropriate quantization range of “Limited” or
system playback is required.
“Full” within the Display Settings of the computer source after
confirming that the Video Capability Block in EDID states Design systems with EDID management to every source.
“selectable” quantization range. This can be viewed using The system design should include AV equipment that
Extron’s EDID Manager 2.1 software, see Figures 5-10 and provides active EDID management to every source device.
5-11. Extron offers AV products where the default EDID states This ensures robust system operation and reliable video
“selectable” for its Quantization Range, forcing the source output from the sources, especially in systems with switching
to declare either full or limited range as opposed to default. and distribution.
Thereby, quantization range issues are eliminated in these
Determine whether multiple EDID settings should be
systems.
used. In most AV systems, a common EDID setting can
Develop an EDID Strategy be used for all sources. However, a specific EDID may
Every AV integrator has engineering standards in place to be required for some source devices. For example, a
provide guidelines for system design. An EDID strategy system with 8K/4K sources and displays may include a
section should be incorporated within these standards to videoconference codec that only supports 1080p output, or
address EDID management. A well thought-out, documented the system needs a specific surround sound format from a
4K Blu-ray Disc player.

A well thought-out, documented EDID Identify where EDID is being provided to each source
strategy applied in the early design stages device. A system design may include several AV system
components that manage EDID. To ensure the most
can greatly reduce the potential for on-site
consistent and reliable system operation, always apply EDID
issues during installation and commissioning.
management from the device nearest the source. ■

EDID strategy applied in the early design stages can greatly

reduce the potential for on-site issues during installation and
commissioning.

The following are key points to consider when

designing a system:
Identify destination resolution requirements. The native or
preferred display resolution determines the EDID setting. For
systems that incorporate multiple display devices, EDID for the
highest common resolution should be selected.

Identify audio application needs. Two-channel audio is

used for most sound reinforcement applications. If there is
a need to support surround sound, select pre-stored EDID
that includes multi-channel audio formats. If the pre-stored
EDID tables do not support the needed format, such as
multi‑channel high resolution audio, it is necessary to capture
EDID from the surround sound processor.

­38 Extron Digital Design Guide

Notes

[Link] 39
DRM for the AV Professional

What is DRM? when needs are being assessed for an AV integration project
DRM - digital rights management is used by owners and is also the time to determine the functional requirements of
holders of intellectual property to enforce restrictions on the a given system. This is when the sales engineer should ask
use of their copyrighted content. the right questions and inform the prospective customer on
the legalities involved with personal-use devices and material
In the AV industry, DRM is used to secure digital music and being used in public and commercial spaces. The old, familiar
video content to prevent unauthorized playback or copying. adage of “Just because one can, doesn’t mean one should” is
For digital video content protection, the most prevalent fully appropriate in this case.
DRM systems are HDCP - High-bandwidth Digital Content
Protection and AACS - Advanced Access Content System. HDCP-compliant systems are increasingly being requested by
HDCP is an encryption protocol applied to digital interfaces customers and integrators alike. This type of system could be
including HDMI, DVI, and DisplayPort. AACS is a standard used to show protected content in public spaces. Therefore,
for encrypting high definition optical discs that also works in users should be made aware of the potential issues that may
conjunction with HDCP. arise from inadvertent public display of content-protected
materials intended only for private use. During system
DRM exists to protect the rights of content creators and commissioning and training, the integrator should consider
owners to receive compensation for their original ideas and educating system operators, and even include discussion of
subsequently bringing them to market. Movies and music are DRM and content protection within system documentation.
the most recognized source content within the AV industry Of course, this is not as much of an issue for residential
that is impacted by DRM enforcement. An individual who installations, where the entire system is generally intended for
purchased a copy-protected 4K Blu‑ray Disc, for example, personal use.
is entitled to utilize that disc only within a personal-use
environment, which extends to the home or other private
Users should be made aware of the potential
viewing locale. For that movie to be played in a public space,
additional licensing requirements must first be met. If that
issues that may arise from inadvertent public
licensing has not been obtained, significant fines can be levied display of content-protected materials
against the offender. These fines may very well extend to the intended only for private use.
owner of the installed system.
DRM for Video – Two Separate Protocols That
AV systems in public spaces are the center of our industry, Work Together
with installations taking place on a daily basis. It is for HDCP
this reason that DRM considerations must be made and HDCP is designed to prevent unauthorized access of
addressed at the earliest point of system design. The time protected video content and to enforce restrictions on
authorized playback. HDCP-enabled video sources, such as
4K Blu‑ray Disc players, computers, and other digital media
devices always undergo a three-step process to protect the
video from unauthorized access:

1. Authentication. The video source determines that all

devices connected to its outputs are authorized and capable
of receiving encrypted video. This is accomplished by means
of an initial authorization handshake protocol, whereby
cryptographic public keys, a KSV - Key Selection Vector, and
encrypted messages are exchanged between the source and
the downstream devices connected to its outputs.

The HDCP 1.4 specification calls for a maximum of 127

Multiple display system in a public space environment. simultaneous devices connected downstream from the

­40 Extron Digital Design Guide

source, and up to seven allowable levels of repeater devices1 Until the introduction of HDCP 2.0, the basic protocol had not
between the source and the display – also known as the changed substantially. The only major differences between
sink. The source uses the initial handshake protocol to HDCP versions 1.0 through 1.4 are in the types of physical AV
determine that these system size restrictions are not violated. connections. HDCP version 1.0 applied to the DVI interface.
HDCP version 1.4 is currently the most widely implemented Version 1.1 incorporated HDMI, and support for DisplayPort
specification. HDCP 2.0 further restricts the maximum was added for version 1.3. With the release of version 2.0
allowable number of simultaneous devices and repeater in October 2008, HDCP became interface-independent. It
levels. could be applied to any two-way digital transmission between
sources and displays, wired or wireless, compressed or
2. Content Encryption. After the source authenticates that
uncompressed. See Table 6-1.
all downstream devices are HDCP-compliant and in good
standing, and that no system size restrictions are violated, HDCP 2.0 calls for many other important changes. It adds a
the source sends encrypted video downstream. The source locality check to the authentication protocol to ensure that only
periodically changes the encryption key for the video as an devices nearby are capable of receiving protected content.
additional security measure. Furthermore, HDCP 2.0 replaces the specialized 56-bit
HDCP 1.x encryption scheme with two standard algorithms
3. Renewability. Since HDCP relies on digital encryption
from the data security industry. For authentication, it provides
using secret keys, the system can be circumvented if the
an RSA system with 1024 and 3072-bit keys, and for content
secret keys residing in HDCP-licensed products are revealed.
encryption, a 128-bit AES - Advanced Encryption System.
A means was established to revoke any compromised
In addition, the maximum number of connected devices is
keys. The HDCP administration authority, Digital Content
reduced to 32, and the maximum level of repeaters is reduced
Protection, LLP can add a list of public keys of compromised
to four. As a result of all these changes, HDCP 2.0 is not
products to video content such as a 4K Blu-ray Disc. Video
directly backward compatible with HDCP 1.x.
sources read this data, store it in non-volatile memory, and
compare the public keys of any downstream devices against HDCP 2.1 was released in July 2011 and introduced a
this revocation list. If any key matches, no video is transmitted. mechanism for identifying high-valued content as Type 1,
such as movies or videos in 4K. In a network with mixed
Figures 6-1 and 6-2 on the following pages provide a step-
HDCP 1.x and HDCP 2.x equipment, content flagged as Type 1
by-step illustration of the communications that occur between
is restricted for processing and displays only on equipment
devices within an HDCP-compliant system.
capable of HDCP 2.1 or higher.
The multi-step process of HDCP
HDCP 1.x HDCP 2.x
authentication can take several seconds to
Authentication:
complete. This is a primary reason for the Data security industry standard RSA
Specialized 56-bit
1024 and 3072-bit asymmetric system
perceived sluggishness of some digital video Encryption Method
symmetric system used
for both authentication Video encryption:
systems, especially during startup and when and video encryption Data security industry standard
video signals are switched or re-routed, AES 128-bit symmetric system

requiring HDCP re-authentication. The best Applicable Interfaces DVI, HDMI, DisplayPort Any two-way digital interface

switching performance can be realized in Maximum Downstream

< 128 < 32
Receivers for Each Transmitter
HDCP-compatible video equipment built to
Maximum Repeater Levels for
minimize re-authentication through careful Each Transmitter
<7 <4

internal design and proper deployment of Specification defines conversion

Backward Compatibility N/A
mechanism for interfacing with HDCP 1.x
HDCP processing components. Extron
Content flagged as high value (e.g. 4K
switchers feature Key Minder®, an exclusive High Value Content
N/A movies) may be restricted for display only
Indentification
on connections protected by HDCP 2.1+
technology for HDCP key management that
Explicitly specified with new locality
enables fast, nearly instantaneous switching Wireless Support Not specified
check requirement
between HDCP-encrypted sources.
Table 6-1. Comparing Major HDCP Revisions 1
Common examples of repeaters are switchers,
distribution amplifiers, and matrix switchers.

[Link] 41
DRM for the AV Professional

Figure 6-1.
Phase 1: Communication process between source and sink devices in an HDCP-based system.

Initial Key Exchange

Here’s my public key Here’s my public key

You have 100 ms Aksv: 101101... Bksv: 01100...
to get through this Remember this number I’m not a repeater
An: 010011...

Data Transmitting

Calculate Shared Secret Keys

Your public key checks Now I can compute the

out. Now I can compute secret key Km’ from our
the secret key Km from our public keys*:
public keys*: 1110100... 1110100...

* Km and Km’ are computed using each device’s private key along with the public keys of both
devices. This is a special calculation that results in matching Km=Km’ IF all the keys are valid.

Encrypt a Message Using Secret Key

Now I can use MY Now I can use MY secret

secret key Km to key Km’ to encrypt An to
encrypt An to form a form a message RO’:
message RO: 0000110... 0000110...

Receiver Demonstrates Secret Key Knowledge

Here is an encrypted
message RO’:
0000110...

Data Transmitting

Initial Authentication

Your encrypted message

matches mine, and you
gave it to me in less than
100 ms

Transmit Video

OK, here is your encrypted video:

1111111100 0011001101
1011100010 100000001
0001111000 000100000
1111000100 0011000100
0111110110 1011000010...

Data Transmitting

­42 Extron Digital Design Guide

Figure 6-2.
Phase 2: Communication process between source, repeater, and sink devices in an HDCP-based system.

Initial Key Exchange

REPEATER!? You Here’s my HDCP

Here’s my public
have 5 seconds to public key Tx
key Bksv: 001100...
tell me who’s Aksv: 101101... I’m a REPEATER
downstream
HDCP
Rx

HDCP
Tx

Repeater Performs Initial Authentication with Connected Devices

– Downstream Device Keys are Collected

HDCP
Tx
Phase 1
Authentication
Procedure Phase 1
HDCP
Authentication
Rx
Procedure

HDCP
Tx

Repeater Reports Key List and Topology

Here are the keys of

downstream devices: HDCP
0010011... Tx

0001100...
Here is how they are connected: HDCP
Data Rx
Transmitting Sink
Sink
Repeater HDCP
Sink Tx
Sink

Transmitter Validates Connections

You were ready to give me downstream HDCP

info in less than 5 seconds. Tx
The downstream device keys haven’t
been revoked. HDCP
There are less than 128 total Rx
downstream devices.
There are less than 7 levels of HDCP
repeaters connected downstream. Tx

Repeater Authentication Complete

OK, here is your

OK, here is your encrypted video:
encrypted video: HDCP 0110001100
1111111100 Tx 0011011110
0011001101 1110000010
1011100010 0001101110...
Separately
1000000001... HDCP Encrypted Data
Rx Transmitting
Data OK, here is your
Transmitting encrypted video:
HDCP 1111111100
Tx 1011100010
0001111000
1111000100...

[Link] 43
DRM for the AV Professional

HDCP 2.2 was released in October 2012 to update and • AACS provides for the elimination of analog video outputs
strengthen the authentication and locality check procedures on Blu-ray Disc players manufactured after 2013
introduced in HDCP 2.0 and subsequently carried over to
The final AACS specification includes a provision for making
HDCP 2.1. HDCP 2.3 was introduced in March 2018, with
authorized copies of Blu-ray Discs. A recording device can
additional security enhancements and can lock out devices
connect to Internet servers at the AACS LA - AACS Licensing
lower than HDCP 2.2 from decrypting high value content.
Administrator to obtain electronic permission to make a
AACS legitimate copy of protected content.
AACS is the DRM standard adopted for Blu‑ray Disc. AACS
is designed to protect Blu-ray Disc content, similar to the Analog Outputs

way that the CSS - Content Scramble System protects The HDCP licensing agreement does not allow for analog
commercial DVDs, but with additional features. Both AACS video outputs on repeater or display devices. However,
and CSS encrypt the video data on-disc, so that only sources can have analog outputs. Nonetheless, this does
authorized players can read the content. See Table 6-2. Both not preclude separate agreements that would prevent analog
AACS and CSS prevent unauthorized copying of commercial outputs on source devices. Such agreements could be
Blu-ray Disc and DVD media, respectively, and both systems negotiated on an ad hoc basis between content providers and
have mechanisms for revoking compromised players. AACS hardware makers. The May 2008 United States FCC - Federal
offers greater protection than CSS in the following areas: Communications Commission decision to grant limited
capability to disable analog outputs for premium pay-per-view
• AACS employs AES 128-bit encryption, while CSS
is one example.
implements 40-bit encryption

• AACS allows for the revocation of individual Blu‑ray Disc The AACS licensing agreement is very specific about analog
players, whereas CSS can only revoke entire models of outputs and provides for several measures to control them.
DVD players Blu-ray Disc titles that support AACS have usage rules data
embedded in them that allow the content producer to limit
• AACS encrypts the digital outputs of Blu-ray Disc players
the analog output resolution by invoking the ICT - Image
with HDCP
Constraint Token, or even to disable the analog outputs
entirely by invoking the DOT - Digital Only Token. The AACS
license agreement also provided for an “analog sunset”
for newly manufactured Blu-ray Disc players, such that
models manufactured after 2010 could only include standard
definition analog outputs, and after 2013, no Blu-ray Disc
players were manufactured with analog outputs.

DVDs (CSS) Blu-ray Discs (AACS)

Specialized 40-bit Data security industry-standard AES
Encryption Method
stream cipher 128-bit symmetric system
All players in a model
Player Revocation Individual players can be revoked
range are revoked
Disc Copy Hidden disc lead-in area Encrypted volume ID prevents
Prevention prevents bit-for-bit disc copy bit-for-bit disc copy

Output Signal Macrovision applied at HDCP applied at digital outputs

Scrambling analog outputs Macrovision applied at analog outputs

Authorized copies are possible by

Managed Disc
No provisions connecting to AACS LA server and
Introduction to HDCP 2.3 is an Extron white paper Copying
obtaining permission
that provides a foundational primer on HDCP 2.3
and earlier HDCP 1.x versions, including their Players manufactured after 2010 may
relation to 4K video and HDMI. not have high definition analog outputs
Analog Sunset No provisions
Players manufactured after 2013 may
not have any analog outputs

Table 6-2. Differences Between CSS and AACS Encryption

­44 Extron Digital Design Guide

SELECTABLE HDCP AUTHORIZATION
In professional AV systems, there is often a need to incorporate However, if an HDCP-compliant switcher is connected between
sources, displays, and other devices that differ in their HDCP the same computer and the codec, the codec may receive no
capabilities. For example, some computers encrypt with HDCP by video. In this scenario, the computer senses an HDCP-compliant
default, even when the video content does not require encryption, downstream device and encrypts the video accordingly. However, the
while videoconferencing codecs, streaming and recording systems, switcher does not send video to the codec because the codec is not
and other equipment normally do not support HDCP decryption, HDCP‑compliant.
see Figure 6-3.
A useful feature for professional digital video switching equipment
In the case of a direct connection between the always-encrypting is the capability to selectively disable HDCP authorization at any
computer and the videoconferencing codec, the computer may be input. This allows content not requiring encryption to be successfully
induced to send unencrypted video if the content does not actually transmitted to codecs and other non-HDCP compliant equipment.
require encryption. This is because it is capable of sensing that the As a result of disabling HDCP authorization, encrypted content is not
sink device is not HDCP compliant. passed from the source to the switcher.

Figure 6-3
Some computers and tablets encrypt the video output by default as a general policy, even if
the content to be displayed does not require HDCP encryption. Connecting such a source
through an HDCP-compliant switcher to a non-HDCP capable sink device such as a VC
codec or video capture equipment can result in no video.

I can’t send you

I always encrypt
any video because But it’s just a
my output
the input signal is spreadsheet…
whether or not
encrypted and you
the content
are not
requires it
HDCP-compliant

Encrypted HDMI No Video

HDCP-Compliant Non-HDCP compliant sink

Source output switcher (e.g. VC Codec)
encrypted by default
HDCP Authorized

Extron switching products such as the IN1806 are HDCP-compliant with selectable HDCP
authorization at digital video inputs. By de-authorizing HDCP at the switcher, a connected
video source that encrypts its output by default may send unencrypted video if the content
does not actually require HDCP.

Not HDCP
Removing HDCP
compliant? OK,
authorization at this
I’ll show
input disables HDCP
unprotected
communications
content ONLY!

Unencrypted Unencrypted
HDMI HDMI

HDCP-Compliant Non-HDCP compliant sink

No encryption for switcher (e.g. VC Codec)
unprotected content
HDCP Authorized

[Link] 45
DRM for the AV Professional

Computers to a computer, mobile device, networked set-top receiver,

There are numerous DRM schemes for computers. The 4K Blu‑ray Disc player, video game console, or “smart” TV
computer industry is a major source of innovation for content connected to the Internet. The one constant among these
creation, as well as for unauthorized reproduction of that different options is the existence of DRM for protected
content. Computer DRM methods have been devised to content, which is used to restrict the allowable viewing
protect software, digital music, digital video, digital books, duration of “rented” video content and the ability to transfer
games, etc. The present discussion is limited to video content the video to different devices. In the case of protected HD
played on a computer and the associated DRM schemes video streams or downloads, HDCP support is required on
therein. These DRM schemes are mainly for preventing any device that is playing the video.
unauthorized access of protected commercial video, such as
Therefore, a display with digital video inputs must support
Blu-ray Discs or downloaded movies and TV shows.
HDCP if a user expects to connect a computer to it and play
The same AACS and HDCP restrictions apply for computer streamed or downloaded commercial HD content.
Blu-ray Disc playback as for standalone players. Thus, a
Conclusion
computer must be equipped with an output capable of HDCP
encryption. To play a commercial Blu-ray Disc from an AV Any AV system that is intended to support playback
device with digital video inputs and that is connected to a of protected video content, including Blu-ray Disc and
computer, the device must support HDCP. consumer-purchased HD video downloads, must
be compliant with the associated DRM. Since DRM
The market for downloading or streaming of commercial video implementations such as HDCP and AACS are meant to
content is crowded with companies and products. Current legally restrict what the end user can do with protected
market players include Amazon, Apple, Google, Netflix, Hulu, content, it is important that the AV professional informs the
Vudu, and many others. These companies offer a plethora end user of these restrictions at the outset. Restrictions
of options for the end user. Movies or TV shows can be include a maximum number of simultaneous displays for
rented or purchased, some in 4K/UHD, and others at lower content-encrypted video playback, disallowing recording or
definition. The video may be either streamed or stored locally copying, and disabling analog outputs. For example, an AV
system may have the capability to distribute HDMI video to
16 displays and provide video recording. These functions are
available when a computer with HDMI output is delivering
PowerPoint presentations and other non-encrypted material.
But once a protected Blu-ray Disc is inserted into the
computer for playback, HDCP and AACS restrictions may
disable output to the recorder and any displays that are not
HDCP compliant.

Since many large-scale AV systems can display video on

a large number of displays and provide video recording
capabilities, the end-user computer must be made aware that
some system functions may not be available when playing
DRM-protected content. If the AV system is to be installed in
a public setting, then the end user must be informed of the
restrictions associated with copy-protected material. ■

DRM for the AV Professional is an Extron white paper

that introduces the two prevalent DRM protocols in
use – AACS for protecting digital source content, and
HDCP for securing digital video interfaces.

­46 Extron Digital Design Guide

System Design Considerations

Until now, we have been focusing on the principles and authorize the AV technology investment. The integrator or
concepts of digital video, including formats, the elementary system designer, and the customer should review and sign off
nature of the signals, and proper management of EDID and on this document to verify mutual agreement on the project’s
HDCP throughout the system. In this section, theoretical overview and objectives. When possible, the client should
principles are put into practice, in the context of real-world engage all relevant partners in reviewing the scope of work,
considerations for designing AV systems. including technology managers, AV technicians, and those
destined to manage and support the systems.
The key to any successful system design, whether for a
single room or an entire facility, is based on understanding Needs Assessment
the requirements and meeting the expectations of the end The first meeting with your customer is the ideal opportunity
user. A good design is streamlined and efficient, delivered for a general assessment of the facility, the organization,
on-time and within budget, and yields maximum reliability, and how the client intends to use AV technology. Usually,
performance, and ROI. Another important aspect of a good the approach is to begin with some basic questions, and
system design is a final walk-through with the client that then delve into more specific inquiries about the intended
affirms complete customer satisfaction. installations and applications. This is an important step toward
further defining the technical aspects of the system design.
Assessing Functional Requirements and Creating a
The information you gather during the needs assessment
Scope of Work
phase allows you to create the scope of work, and then
Good system design practice begins with a clearly defined
proceed to the in-depth documentation for the system design
needs assessment. It is important to fully ascertain how the
or design-bid specification.
end user intends to use AV technology in the environment
or facility. Defining user needs is a vital first step in eventually
specifying all of the equipment, signal format, network, and The information you gather during
signal distribution requirements. The ultimate goal is to create the needs assessment phase allows
effective design strategies for managing and distributing you to create the scope of work.
signals, and ensuring a fully functional system to the client’s
satisfaction. A system that fails to satisfy the end user can • General overview – What is the nature of the business or
result in project delays, expensive system redesigns, and organization? What is the type of environment?
possibly even structural modifications.
• Functional overview – What are the specific functions
It is essential that you document a summary of the project that of the business or organization? Could AV systems be
fully describes the needs and expectations of the client. This beneficial or important to these functions? You should be
document, also known as a scope of work, should be written aware that more businesses are prioritizing their technology
in a manner that is easy to comprehend for all stakeholders, investments in direct relevance to their line-of-business
including non-technical personnel and executives that requirements. This is a great opportunity to inform the client
of potential use cases relating to the objectives of
the business.

• Intended system users – Who will be accessing the AV

systems? Will senior or C-level executives have systems in
their offices or locations? Who will be the general audiences
for viewing AV content? Answers to these questions are
key to identifying user interfaces, expectations for system
performance, architectural and aesthetic considerations.
It is the starting point in defining the scope and scale for
distributing AV within and between rooms in the facility.

Once you have covered the basics, you can then proceed
An important first step in AV system design is a meeting with the
end user to assess the essential AV application needs.
[Link] 47
System Design Considerations

with more detailed questions to get a better understanding of Having completed your general needs assessment, now is
how AV will be used in the facility. the time to identify the AV equipment based on the room

• AV distribution and transmission – What are the specific or presentation space, and the intended application. The

types of spaces where AV is to be installed? Will there ever goal at this stage is to have a good idea of the quantities,

be a desire to share a presentation among multiple areas? types, and locations of source and destination devices,

How much flexibility is the client expecting in terms of and also any possible areas for connecting temporary

distributing or broadcasting AV content between rooms AV devices or systems. This is the basis for defining the

or spaces? switching capacity requirements based on I/O counts within

each room and throughout the facility, as well as AV signal
• Networking – Are there plans for videoconferencing,
transmission distances.
unified communications, AV recording, distance learning,
or collaboration? Is there an expectation for playing AV AV Source Devices
content from files on a network share? Is support necessary For each room or presentation space designated for AV,
for tablets or BYOD? Some involvement with IT is highly identify and document the sources to be part of the system,
likely, and depending on the resources at your firm, it may such as computers, streaming media players, document
be necessary to consult networking, data center, and cameras, and cable or satellite TV set-top units. If the
communications expertise. presentation space is to include videoconferencing or lecture

• Information-specific applications – Does the company capture, you need to specify codecs and video or streaming

plan to incorporate business intelligence, big data, recorders, unless the intention is to use software or cloud-

analytics, digital signage, social media, or other data-driven based solutions. You’ll also need to identify the locations and

operations into AV systems? If so, there will very likely be quantities of cameras in the rooms.

the display of dashboard screens populated with detailed Guest and Presenter Devices
text and graphs for visualizing data. This may necessitate Guests and presenters often bring a laptop or tablet into
considerations for ergonomics, text legibility, and other boardrooms, meeting rooms, huddle spaces, classrooms,
human factors in regard to viewing and display locations. auditoriums, and other locations for collaboration and content
• Future plans – Are there plans for expanding the AV presentation on a display. Be sure to inquire about locations
systems? Is the client expecting the systems to support 4K where guests are likely to connect to AV systems, as well as
and new or emerging technologies? the number of participants to be supported. AV access points
can be provided at a meeting table, wall, lectern, podium,
Identify AV Sources and Destinations credenza, or another type of furniture. You can also opt for
supporting wireless AV connections from mobile devices.

Owner-Furnished Equipment and Legacy Devices

Ask the client about any existing AV equipment to be included

Collaboration environments such as small meeting rooms and huddle spaces are now
popular in many organizations, with ideal opportunities for AV integration.

­48 Extron Digital Design Guide

in the system. In educational institutions there is frequently Media players, digital signage players, and streaming media
the need to support older devices such as computers, VCRs, recording and playback systems often serve multiple locations
and specialized equipment with analog video outputs. For in a facility. They are usually installed in a central equipment
enterprises and other organizations, end users often desire rack or closet. It may be beneficial to centralize sources, such
to preserve technology investments in videoconferencing and as cable and satellite TV receivers, and share them among
streaming products that may lack digital video interfaces or several rooms, particularly if they are not used frequently.
are limited in the resolutions. Be sure that you are fully aware Consolidating sources can also save valuable space
of any OFE - Owner Furnished Equipment to be integrated within rooms.
into a new installation, and identify any compatibility issues
In facilities such as schools and courthouses, it is common
that may arise due to video formats, HDCP, EDID, or other
to share displays and AV equipment by installing them on
factors.
portable carts. A cart is rolled into a room as needed, and the
AV Destinations equipment is connected into an AV system through a floor box
Identify the type and quantity of displays based on the size of or wallplate.
the room, viewing locations, and the specific AV application.
The choice of whether to select a display or projector is Define AV Switching and Distribution Requirements

usually dictated by the desired screen size and viewing Having identified the quantities and locations of source and
environment. Larger LCD flat panels up to 100 inches and destination devices, now is the time to assess the necessary
more are increasingly being favored over projectors due to switching capacities. AV switching and distribution is one
their inherent brightness and better suitability for areas with of the most essential elements in a system design and can
significant ambient lighting. However, projectors are still a vary widely in terms of input and output capacity, features,
necessity for large venues. They may also be a more cost- flexibility, and cost.
friendly alternative to flat panels, especially in environments
Local AV Switching
where ambient lighting can be controlled.
For an individual room or presentation space, the type
An optional feature for both flat panels and projectors is and size of the switcher is determined by the equipment
pen or touch interactivity for annotation and whiteboard in the system, mobile devices to be supported, and
applications. Some displays also support wireless content interconnections with additional rooms or a central equipment
presentation and annotation from mobile apps. closet. In many cases, a single-output switcher suffices.
Switchers with two or more simultaneous outputs are also
LED displays are mostly associated with large outdoor available for multiple displays. In applications requiring
signage installations. However, with recent advancements separate presentation of content on two or more displays,
allowing dramatic reductions in pixel pitch below 2 mm, or supporting videoconferencing or lecture capture, a matrix
LED displays are becoming popular for indoor AV switcher provides the flexibility of routing one or more inputs
display applications. to multiple outputs.

It is always important to be aware of human factors when Central AV Routing and Distribution
considering the size, quantity, location, and type of display. A matrix switcher is essential in a central equipment rack
The Extron Videowall Systems Design Guide offers an for supporting the rack-mounted sources and the various
explanation of human as well as environmental factors, display destinations to be served in the facility, as well as AV
and font size considerations, and other essential topics transmissions from rooms and other locations. Once you have
relating to the user experience. The discussions are specific to determined the number of inputs and outputs required for the
videowalls, but apply equally to AV systems in general. matrix switcher, it is a good practice to add at least 10 percent
to these totals to allow for future modifications. If any specific
Centralizing or Sharing Sources and Destinations
system expansion plans have been identified by the client,

[Link] 49
System Design Considerations

then you should ensure that they can be accommodated by switcher to a display. However, they are generally not suitable
the matrix switcher and in your system design. for the considerable distances needed for structured cable
installation in moderate to large-sized rooms, or for distributing
In addition to the number of inputs and outputs, there are
signals between rooms and floors within a building. For this
several other important considerations when selecting the
reason, AV signals need to be transmitted with extenders that
right switcher or matrix switcher for your system design.
allow transport over significant runs of twisted pair or fiber
These will be explored further in subsequent discussions on
optic cable. A typical facility-wide AV signal infrastructure
signal processing and managing digital video signals.
is based on standard and twisted pair connections within

Define the AV Signal Infrastructure a room, twisted pair or fiber optic cable between a central
equipment location and the rooms, and fiber optic cable to
AV system reliability is largely dependent on a well-designed
connect between floors, buildings or even campuses.
AV signal infrastructure that ensures reliable transport of
digital video signals from the sources to AV switching and In addition to standard video and structured cabling,
distribution components, and ultimately to the destinations. streaming over IP networks and wireless transmission are
As discussed in the section “Anatomy of a Digital Video options for transporting AV signals in certain use cases.
Signal,” digital video signals with substantial losses may result Table 7-1 provides a detailed summary of the transmission
in degraded system performance with visible artifacts and mediums available for professional AV systems, with their
intermittent or complete display failure. Ensuring maximum typical applications.
system reliability requires good system design practices
that include selecting the proper media and equipment for While transmission distance may be the most obvious factor
transmitting AV signals and using cables within their length in determining whether to employ a twisted pair or fiber
limits. Another important consideration is to provide signal infrastructure in rooms or throughout a facility, the table shows
paths with a minimum of cascaded devices and patch points. that there are several other important considerations that relate
to the nature of the facility, or the intended applications.
AV Cabling
Standard cable assemblies for digital video, including HDMI, The choice of which medium to employ in your AV system
DVI, and DisplayPort are usually sufficient for desktop design may be influenced by the facility's existing cable
computers and relatively short connections from a source or plant or planned for a new construction site. Depending
on the circumstances, AV-specific cable may be pulled by
the integrator or a subcontractor. It may also be necessary
to coordinate with IT, data communications, or low voltage
contractors to procure installation of structured cable for your
system design, particularly in new construction installations.

If there is an abundance of “dark” or unused fiber throughout

a building, it can be cost-effective to go with a fiber-based
AV installation everywhere. While fiber optic endpoints
and switchers are more expensive than their twisted pair
counterparts, the ability to avoid the considerable costs
associated with pulling cables and terminations could make
up much of the difference. Furthermore, in large-scale AV
distribution systems throughout a building or facility, fiber
optics offer a lower total cost of ownership than installing
twisted pair. This is due to reduced expenses related to
The Extron Videowall Systems Design
Guide is an invaluable technical reference cabling, energy consumption, and keeping equipment cool.
for designing videowall systems, with
The dark fiber should ideally be multimode OM4, since it
several real-world designs illustrating
practical videowall applications. offers the most future-proofing for your system design.

­50 Extron Digital Design Guide

 Transmission Transmission Distance AV Signals Typical
Notes
Medium Capability Supported Applications

Standard video cables Nominally up to 15 feet Video and embedded Direct device Sometimes installed behind
(5 meters); cables available audio connections in racks, walls but can be difficult to
with higher length ratings credenzas, lecterns, pull through conduit
conference tables, desks,
Active equalizer allows and other furniture Not easily terminated in the
cable lengths up to 200 feet field
(60 meters)

Twisted pair Up to 100 meters (330 feet) Video, embedded Point-to-point signal Economical, easy to install in
audio, stereo audio, extension conduit, easy to terminate in
IR and RS-232 the field
control, Ethernet, AV distribution within a
USB room, between rooms, Shielded twisted pair cable
and between floors highly recommended.

Fiber optics Up to 2 kilometers (1.25 miles) Video, embedded AV distribution between Economical, easy to install in
over multimode fiber audio, stereo audio, rooms, floors, buildings, conduit, easy to terminate in
return audio, IR and large venues, or across the field
Up to 30 kilometers RS-232 control, USB campuses
(18.75 miles) over singlemode Fiber optic cable should
fiber Organizations with be considered if there is
requirements for secure a requirement for future-
AV communications proofing your AV design.
OM4-type multimode cable
Installation in sensitive or provides data throughput up
hazardous environments to 25 Gigabits per second.

IP networks No theoretical limitations – Video, embedded AV distribution to Offers all the conveniences
worldwide AV distribution audio, stereo audio, computer desktops and of integration onto standard
possible! return audio, RS-232 mobile devices, recording IP networks
control, USB AV presentations,
on-demand video Easily scalable, especially
playback with standards-compliant
streaming formats
AV transmission across
geographical regions via Often implemented in
wide area networks and conjunction with video
over the Internet compression, such as
H.264, JPEG 2000, or a
proprietary format

Wireless Wireless extenders – varies Video, embedded Convenient extension of Wireless collaboration
depending on the specific audio HDMI from a source to systems are ideal for the
technology and vendor, a display, especially in small meeting rooms or
the rated transmission scenarios where a wired huddle spaces that are
capabilities, and the installation is difficult or increasingly popular in
installation environment not feasible enterprises, education, and
other organizations
Wireless collaboration Wireless connection
systems – typical transmission of laptops and tablets
distance limits associated for collaborative Some wireless systems
with Wi-Fi technologies or applications, AV employ video compression
specific wireless protocols presentations, and and/or limit frame rates to
such as AirPlay and Miracast screen sharing on mobile 30 Hz to reduce bandwidth
devices

Table 7-1. Digital Video Transmission Mediums

[Link] 51
System Design Considerations

For twisted pair structured cable, it is highly recommended

that shielded CATx cable, such as CAT 6a, CAT 7, or Extron A shielded cable construction ensures reliable
XTP DTP 24 or XTP DTP 22 cable be specified for AV system system performance by providing important
applications. A shielded cable construction ensures reliable protection against potential EMI and EMF
system performance by providing important protection against sources as well as alien crosstalk in
potential EMI and EMF sources as well as alien crosstalk in bundled cables.
bundled cables. Extron XTP DTP 22/24 cable is specifically
designed and guaranteed for the multi-gigabit data rates of Transmitting devices are commonly installed in rooms to
today’s digital video signals, compared to third-party data provide convenient AV access for guest presenters. They are
cables that provide varying levels of construction quality also frequently installed in equipment racks for transmitting
and performance. AV signals from sources or a switcher. Many switchers and

AV Endpoints matrix switchers combine local and AV extender connections,

Twisted pair and fiber optic AV extension systems have providing internal signal conversion and avoiding the need for

endpoint devices, including a transmitter near the source and separate endpoint devices in the rack.

a receiver situated close to a display or other destination. They AV Signal Paths

can be used in a point-to-point extension application from a As you’re defining the signal paths in your system design, be
source to a display or in large-scale systems with twisted pair aware of the number of devices, switchers, and connection
or fiber optic switching and distribution. points through which signals must traverse on their way from
It is important to define all locations where an AV endpoint a source to a destination. As we've learned already, these
device is needed, and ensure that power and sufficient space factors can degrade the signal. Switching and distribution
are available. Endpoint devices are available in a wide variety devices often include signal reclocking and regeneration
of form factors. These include standard tabletop, rack-mount, technology designed to compensate for signal losses entering
and wallplate models, providing AV access points on a wall, a device. This facilitates high-quality signal paths and ensures
in a floor box, or on or within furniture such as a lectern. For consistent and reliable system operation. However, digital
Europe and other markets outside of North America, Extron video signal integrity is compromised when a signal passes
offers specific twisted pair extenders for these regions. through too many switching devices and patch points such as
wallplate couplers and patch panels.

As a recommended system design practice, AV signal

paths should include as few switching devices and patch
points as possible. In a typical scenario, a path includes a
local switcher in a room and a matrix switcher in the central
equipment closet. Additionally, select a switcher or matrix
switcher with signal reconditioning, which further ensures
high quality signals passing through it. Extron switchers and
matrix switchers include signal reclocking and regeneration
technology at the inputs and outputs.

Network Access
Many if not most AV devices can be connected into a network
for system control, Internet access, network shares, or
The Extron Fiber Optic Design Guide is even printing. You or your client should coordinate with IT
an essential technical reference aimed at
assisting AV professionals in developing operations and possibly the data communications contractor
the necessary expertise to employ fiber to procure network drops, IP addresses, potential bandwidth
optic technology in AV systems.
loads, QoS - Quality of Service provisioning, or VLAN or

­52 Extron Digital Design Guide

 At the other end, while 3840x2160 is the most common
native resolution for a display, projectors with 1920x1200
resolution are popular. Computer monitors are available in
a variety of native resolutions as well, such as 1920x1200,
5120x2160, and 7680x4320. All this spells out the potential
necessity for signal processing to scale signal resolutions
up or down, manage mismatches in aspect ratio between
the source content and display, convert analog formats to
digital, and more. High quality upscaling and downscaling
is a critical factor in properly conveying visual details of the
original imagery.

Scaling and signal processing are also important when

Walls are popular user access locations for connecting presentation devices into an optimizing source signals for videoconferencing codecs and
AV system.
streaming media systems. Some codecs do not accept 4K
subnet configurations for AV-specific network traffic. This is source signals at 60 Hz and require a frame rate reduction
similarly important for any equipment, such as projectors, to 30 Hz, downscaling to 1080p, or both. High quality
tablets, laptops, wireless AV extenders, and wireless downscaling can be very beneficial for streaming applications,
presentation systems with a need for Wi‑Fi access to the providing a moderate resolution image ideal for mobile
central network. You also need to be aware of any possible devices, while preserving important visual details of the
security issues, Wi-Fi technologies, and network protocols original source content.
supported by the devices. Verify that everything in the AV
Scalers and signal processors frequently include an
system conforms to IT policies.
integrated switcher, and usually offer multiple inputs. Some
Scaling and Signal Processing matrix switchers also include signal processing capabilities,
An ideal system design includes all sources and destinations with independent scaling at the outputs. Scalers can be
with matching video formats – the same interfaces at found in a wide variety of input configurations, including single
each input and output, and resolutions from the sources input, single output units. Some twisted pair and fiber optic
matching the native resolutions of the displays. This scenario receivers provide scaling to optimize the output resolution for
leads to a system without the need for scaling or other a specific display.
signal processing.
There are many system design approaches and strategies
A system design approach such as this is certainly possible, when deciding where and how to incorporate signal
especially if all sources happen to be set to deliver UHD processing and manage conversion between video formats.
video through their HDMI outputs to the displays, all of them Some of these are explored later in the Guide as we look at
at 3840x2160 native resolutions. However, the reality is that several digital video system designs.
most systems include a variety of sources that deliver various
Managing EDID, HDCP, and InfoFrames
output resolutions. For example, while 1080p may be the
Reliable and dependable system performance begins with
most common resolution, some high-resolution laptops
proper EDID communication and HDCP authentication among
provide 2560x1600 output. There is also the possibility
sources, displays, and AV devices in between. It is critical
of supporting legacy computer sources with analog VGA
that you plan for handling EDID and HDCP throughout your
interfaces, along with VCRs, older document cameras, and
system design. This is generally accomplished by providing
other equipment without digital video outputs. Additionally,
high quality signal paths for maintaining signal integrity and
professional video equipment and some medical devices have
using EDID and HDCP tools and features in scaling, signal
3G-SDI or other SDI format outputs, an interface that can be
processing, switching, and distribution equipment.
found in large-venue projectors but much less frequently in
other displays.

[Link] 53
System Design Considerations

EDID
A source delivers properly formatted video if it has
DEVELOP AN EDID STRATEGY successfully received the destination device's EDID. This
IN YOUR SYSTEM DESIGN
is straightforward in a simple source-display connection;
Every AV integrator should have engineering standards in place however, some planning and management is necessary
to provide guidelines for system design. An EDID strategy section
in a more elaborate AV system. The key here is to select
should be incorporated within these standards to address EDID
management. A well thought-out, documented EDID strategy AV switching, distribution, and signal processing products
applied in the early design stages is a very important step in with EDID setup and configuration features, such as Extron
ensuring reliable system performance with quality image display. EDID Minder and EDID Emulation. EDID Minder captures EDID
Additionally, implementing a sound EDID strategy can greatly from the display connected to the device’s output, which can
reduce the potential for on-site issues during installation and
then be relayed to sources connected to the inputs. Extron
commissioning.
EDID Emulation provides pre-stored EDID at a variety of video
The following are key points to consider when designing a formats, any of which can be selected and communicated to
system: a source device.
• Identify destination resolution requirements. The native or
preferred display resolution determines the EDID setting. For EDID management features help maintain active EDID
systems that incorporate multiple display devices, select EDID for communication at an AV device’s inputs and outputs. This not
the highest common resolution. only ensures reliable image display and system performance,
• Identify audio application needs. EDID management applies to it also contributes to fast source switching by avoiding latency
audio as well as video. Two-channel audio is used for most sound associated with renegotiating a new EDID handshake when
reinforcement applications. If there is a need to support surround
switching to another source.
sound, select pre-stored EDID that includes multi-channel audio
formats. If the pre-stored EDID tables do not support a specific
A successful system design always includes effective, well
format that is needed, such as multi-channel high resolution audio,
capture EDID from the surround sound processor. thought-out strategies for EDID communication between all

• Identify special EDID requirements. Support for HDR video

devices.
necessitates use of EDID from a HDR-compatible display device.
HDCP
Many professional displays do not support audio, so EDID
management with audio support is necessary for sound system If there is a source delivering HDCP-encrypted content, then
playback. all AV devices in the signal path must be HDCP compliant.
• Identify where EDID is being provided to each source device. The vast majority of AV products available today with HDMI
A system design may include several AV system components that or DisplayPort interfaces are HDCP compliant, including
manage EDID. To ensure the most consistent and reliable system displays as well as AV distribution and processing devices.
operation, apply EDID management from the device nearest the
The requirement for HDCP compliance applies to all devices
source.
in the signal chain between source and destination, from large
• Design systems with EDID management to every source. The
system design should include AV devices that provide active EDID
matrix switchers to switchers, distribution amplifiers, and even
management to each source device. This ensures robust system cable equalizers.
operation and reliable video output from the sources, especially in
systems with switching and distribution. When switching between HDCP-encrypted sources, a
• Determine whether multiple EDID settings should be used. potential latency can occur as HDCP authorization is
In most AV systems, a common EDID setting can be used for re‑established with the new source. In professional AV
all sources. However, a specific EDID may be required for some systems, the expectation is that switching is fast and
source devices. For example, a system with 4K sources and
immediately responsive. Extron switching and distribution
displays includes a videoconference codec that only supports
products incorporate Extron Key Minder, a technology that
1080p output, or the system needs a specific surround sound
format from a 4K Blu-ray Disc player. continuously manages HDCP key authorization between
connected devices. Key Minder, in combination with
EDID Minder, ensures quick, professional-quality source
switching for smooth, worry-free system operation.

­54 Extron Digital Design Guide

Content protection is not necessary for most types of
DESIGNING AV SYSTEMS FOR SIMPLIFIED
computer content, including presentation slides, documents,
INTEGRATION
and other media. However, some computers as well as tablets A well-executed AV system design not only ensures solid reliability
may always deliver an encrypted output when connected to and performance, but also streamlines system installation.
an HDCP-compliant device, even if the content is not copy- This makes the integration process efficient, provides valuable
time and cost savings, simplifies troubleshooting, facilitates
protected. This is a problem in a system when encrypted
system commissioning, and greatly increases the likelihood of a
video is delivered to a display, plus a videoconferencing
successful walk-through and final handover to the client.
codec or other product that does not support HDCP. Extron
distribution and switching products include a convenient A key contributing factor is the selection of AV products that are
feature that allows HDCP authorization to be deactivated, so intuitive for integrators to set up, configure, and validate system
performance. Extron has a longstanding reputation for engineering
that non‑encrypted content can be passed successfully. Any
a wide range of convenience-oriented design features into its
copy-protected content continues to be encrypted over the AV products, all with the aim of making it easy for integrators to
computer's or tablet’s digital video output. expedite their installations and deliver high quality AV systems to
their customers.
HDMI InfoFrames
InfoFrames are metadata within an HDMI signal that Setup and Configuration
can be used to identify a source device and its content. Extron AV switchers, matrix switchers, and signal processors are
equipped with a variety of options for integration-friendly setup
InfoFrames are essentially the opposite of EDID in that the
and configuration. These may include front panel controls, a
data is communicated from a source to a display. It contains built-in Web interface, on-screen menus, and configuration apps.
information describing attributes of the source. While EDID An integrator is likely to favor a specific method, depending on
specifies an ideal resolution, refresh rate, and color space of the application and how the system is installed. Regardless of the
the device, InfoFrames can provide data about the content, approach taken, the user interfaces have been designed to be
readily accessible and easy to comprehend. A good AV product
such as HDR parameters, chroma subsampling mode, and
design accounts for the experience of the integrator and end user.
color depth. In applications with HDR video content or 3D
playback, communication of InfoFrame data is important to System Status and Signal Validation
ensure proper system performance. A display uses InfoFrame The ability to validate system operation is important for
data to configure itself for receiving and processing the commissioning purposes and troubleshooting. A wide range
of Extron products include LEDs that allow easy verification of
specific video format from the source.
signal presence, audio and video format, HDCP presence, input
selection, connection at each twisted pair and fiber optic port,
If such applications are important in your system design, be
and even whether the device is powered up. Status indicators
sure that the devices you select support InfoFrames for HDR and parameters can be found within the front panel LCD readout,
or 3D video. This can often be confirmed by checking for on‑screen menus, configuration apps, and the built‑in Web
HDMI HDR video and 3D video compatibility in the product pages. In addition, many Extron products provide a full-screen
specifications. ■ green signal whenever HDCP-encrypted content is sent to a
non-compliant destination, such as a videoconferencing codec.
Together, these indicators allow quick and easy visual assessment
of operational status throughout a system.

Many Extron products include convenient status LEDs on the front

panel for verifying signal presence and HDCP authentication. Some
products also include LED indicators for audio and video formats.

[Link] 55
Professional AV Services

Extron is committed to ensuring that every AV system enabled System Commissioning

by our technologies functions properly and fully meets design Our System Commissioning service provides comprehensive,
specifications and customer expectations. Our expert team post-installation analysis, testing, and verification to ensure
of system design engineers, all of whom have decades of your AV system is working exactly as it should be. Our system
experience, are only a phone call or an email away. We’re not design engineers take a deep dive into system settings,
satisfied until everyone with a vested interest in the success optimizing dozens of audio, video, and control settings. They
of the system is satisfied. To that end, we provide the most also run a point-to point physical analysis of your AV with
comprehensive system design assistance, post-installation every button pressed, every connection checked, and every
commissioning services, and network technologies support in signal path verified.
the industry.
Network Support Group
System Design Services Our Network Technologies Support Group brings together
Design assistance is a valuable, ongoing service that helps an unparalleled team of senior AV engineers that specialize
ensure your AV systems are optimized to your specific in Enterprise IT Network Management. With certifications
needs. It can start during the initial phase of a project, such as CCIE and CCNP from Cisco and other infrastructure
where a system specialist works with you to choose the vendors, our team is here to assist you from pre-sales
specific Extron products for your system, but it doesn’t stop conceptual design to post-sale commissioning, ensuring that
there. Your design specialist works closely with you, long your AV over IP deployment meets your every expectation.
term, whenever you need AV system design help. Having a
professional system designer as part of your AV resource
team can streamline projects and provide peace of mind for
today and tomorrow.

­56 Extron Digital Design Guide

Industry Leading Technology Training

Get the Training You Need When You Need It Earn Certification Renewal Units to Propel your Career
Whether you are new to the industry or have decades of When you successfully complete any Extron training, you will
experience, Extron has developed instructor-led and self- earn Industry Certification Renewal Units for AVIXA and/or
paced training that delivers the technology training you need, BICSI. These CRUs can be earned through training courses,
when you need it. These programs provide the foundational certifications, workshops, or through our Extron Publications
knowledge to help you understand key technologies that will Review Program.
become part of your AV toolkit. Diving deeper, our AV system
design exercises help you learn the advanced techniques to
design the ideal solutions for the spaces that you encounter
every day.

Certifications - Become a Recognized Industry

Professional
Extron certifications provide advanced instruction in the
design, installation, and optimization of AV systems with
Extron products. Here you'll learn best practices for designing
AV systems for a variety of spaces. You'll also learn how to
install and optimize products for peak system performance
across a wide range of applications.

To learn more, visit [Link]/training

[Link] 57
Support Services for AV System Designers

Extron offers several resources to assist throughout the Online Resources

design process. We are fully committed to backing our A wealth of online resources are available at [Link],
product solutions to ensure complete customer satisfaction. with thorough and complete product information, plus
Our dedication to technical and sales assistance is downloadable cut sheets, manuals, specifications, A&E
unmatched in the AV industry and is based on a corporate specifications – or consultant descriptions, diagrams,
philosophy known as S3 - Service, Support and Solutions. detailed product photos, Autodesk Revit 3D files, and much
Extron Project Registration Program more. You’ll also find a wide variety of informational and
The Extron Project Registration Program is specifically instructional videos about our products, system builder tools
geared toward assisting system designers. When you and configurators, and a library of case studies and customer
choose to register your AV project with us, you’ll benefit from success stories. We also offer a dedicated Extron Insider site
personalized design assistance and have all your system where you’ll have access to convenient online ordering, price
design or product-specific questions answered. As a key part lists, up-to-date information on pricing and product availability,
of the program, we’ll review your project and evaluate the order status, and more.
equipment to verify suitability and compatibility. We’ll also
Technical Resources
offer recommendations as appropriate if there can be a more
Also available at [Link] is a comprehensive online
cost-effective solution for your system design.
technical library, including white papers, best practices
Support Staff and Resources guides, technical articles, an extensive technical glossary, and
Extron customer support resources are available worldwide a series of convenient interactive calculators for quantifying
24 hours a day, seven days a week, through our online and converting audio and video units and measurements.
resources and a toll-free hotline for live personnel assistance. We also offer a series of design guides with detailed, in-depth
We have a comprehensive staff of Application Engineers, technical primers, system design examples, and a catalog
Senior Application Engineers, and other personnel based of related Extron products. In addition to this Digital Design
at our West Coast and East Coast USA headquarters, our Guide, additional guides are available for fiber optics, AV
regional headquarters in Europe and Asia, and local offices streaming, control systems, architectural products, and
around the world. We also have a field staff of Systems Design videowall systems.
Engineers and Consultant Application Engineers worldwide.
Many of the online technical resources are available in printed
From customer service to in-depth technical support, Extron
versions. They are available on request by submitting a form
personnel are always ready and willing to assist.
online, or by contacting your Extron Customer Support
Representative. ■

Extron Design Guides

­58 Extron Digital Design Guide

Notes

[Link] 59
Notes

­60 Extron Digital Design Guide

Notes

[Link] 61
Digital System Designs

Commercial AV presentation systems run the gamut of designs from small collaboration spaces, classrooms, and conference
room systems, to large-scale AV distribution systems spanning a campus, stadium, or even over wide geographical regions.

Rarely if ever is a commercial presentation system limited to a single source, such as a laptop or media player, and a single display,
connected with one HDMI cable. Even the smallest AV system design generally includes a variety of signal types and resolutions.

Classroom with Live Streaming

Multipurpose Room Active Learning
and Lecture Capture
Pg. 64 Pg. 68
Pg. 66

Crisis Response Center House of Worship Operations Center

Pg. 70 Pg. 72 Pg. 74

Corporate Training Center Medical Operating Center Corporate Lobby Videowall

Pg. 76 Pg. 78 Pg. 80

­62 Extron Digital Design Guide

In many new digital system designs, there is a need to support the latest source equipment as well as future devices
and technologies.

The following AV system designs represent a cross-section of typical AV environments and applications. Detailed system
drawings depict the sources and displays that usually need to be supported, the signal flows between them, and a
recommended approach to distributing, extending, and processing signals for an effective system design.

Open Space Meeting Area Meeting Room with Video Basic Meeting Room
Pg. 82 Conference System Pg. 86
Pg. 84

Huddle Room with

Scalable AV Distribution Museum Exhibit
Video Conference System
Pg. 90 Pg. 92
Pg. 88

Video Game Player Esports Training Facility

Experience Lab Pg. 96
Pg. 94

[Link] 63
 Multipurpose Room

Overview Sources and Connectivity

The school needs an integrated AV solution for its multipurpose room. As
its name indicates, this space serves several different functions, including Several sources, including a laptop, tuner, media player, and an
cafeteria, auditorium, and large meeting space. To accommodate various Extron ShareLink Pro 500 Wireless Presentation Gateway, are
needs, the AV system should support flexible routing of video sources from connected directly to the DTP CrossPoint 82 4K matrix switcher.
different locations to the main and overflow displays. Extron DTP T DWP 4K 332 D wallplate transmitters are placed in two
separate locations within the room to allow users to connect their own
Needs Assessment HDMI or DisplayPort source to the system. The ShareLink Pro 500
Staffing Teachers and administrative personnel need to be able enables wireless presentation from mobile devices.
to control the system intuitively with minimal training.
Switching System
Sources The room has a tuner and a media player installed in
the AV rack. Local sources at several points throughout The DTP CrossPoint 82 4K matrix switcher manages video and audio
the room and wireless presentation should also be source selection and distribution. The matrix switcher includes six
supported. HDMI inputs for connecting local sources and two DTP inputs for
Display The room has a large-format projector as the main receiving signals from wallplate transmitters located within the room.
Requirements display and a flat panel display for overflow viewing. It also features two DTP outputs for extending signals to Extron
Any video source must be accessible on either display. DTP HDMI 4K 330 Rx receivers connected to the projector and
Audio The audio system should evenly distribute sound display. These devices can either display the same video source or
Requirements throughout the room. A wireless microphone is two separate sources simultaneously.
needed for addressing the audience.

Control The control system should provide complete access Audio System
Requirements to the AV system, including display power, source The DTP CrossPoint 82 4K includes a built-in 100-watt, 70-volt
selection, transport controls, and audio level. Since
amplifier that drives 4 Extron FF 120T Full-Range Flat Field Speakers
the room configuration is flexible; multiple points of
control should be supported. for even distribution of sound throughout the room. Extron ProDSP
audio processing onboard the DTP CrossPoint 82 4K handles
microphone mixing and ducking.

System Design Solution Control System

In addition to source switching and audio management, the
Display Systems DTP CrossPoint 82 4K includes an integrated IP Link Pro xi processor
The projector and the flat panel display are driven by an Extron for comprehensive system control. Extron TLP Pro 1025M 10” Wall
DTP CrossPoint 82 4K IPCP Q MA 70 Presentation Matrix Switcher. It Mount TouchLink® Pro Touchpanels serve as the control interface for
scales all video sources to match each display for optimized switching the system. A custom GUI provides a simple-to-use interface for all
performance and image quality. power, switching, source control, and audio functions of the system.

­64 Extron Digital Design Guide

 Extron
SF 26CT
Ceiling Speakers

4K Projector
RS-232 HDMI

OVER DTP
RS-232 IR
Extron
Tx Rx G Tx Rx DTP HDMI 330 Rx

DTP HDMI 4K
330 Rx
Receiver

4K Display
RS-232 HDMI

OVER DTP
RS-232 IR
Extron
Tx Rx G Tx Rx DTP HDMI 330 Rx

DTP HDMI 4K
330 Rx
Receiver

AV LAN

CATx Cable CATx Cable

Ethernet

Audio
DTP CROSSPOINT 82 4K

RS-232 IR COM 1 COM 2 COM 3 DIGITAL I/O

70V
AV LAN 2 AV LAN 3

AMP OUTPUT
1A 2A 1B 2B 4 1
CONTROL
OUTPUTS

Tx Rx G Tx Rx
Tx Rx G RTS CTS Tx Rx G Tx Rx G 1 2 3 4 G
SIG LINK SIG LINK REMOTE
OVER TP S/PDIF
OUT IR/SERIAL RELAYS eBUS
XTP RS-232 IR XTP RESET
Tx Rx G R 1 2 1 2 C 3 4 C +V +S -S G

DTP Tx Rx G Tx Rx DTP PWR OUT = 6W LAN AV LAN 1

CLASS 2 WIRING
HDBT OUT OUT HDBT S G S G

Extron
100-240V ~ 1.6A MAX
RS-232 IR
DMP EXPANSION

AUDIO OUTPUTS
+48V
AUDIO INPUTS

DTP CrossPoint 82 4K IPCP Q MA 70

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tx Rx G Tx Rx 8 L R L R L R 1 1 3 L R
INPUTS

1 3 5 1
SIG LINK SIG LINK MIC/LINE
OVER TP 2
LINK

2 4 6 2

8x2 Seamless 4K Scaling

XTP RS-232 IR XTP L R L R L R 3 2 4 L R

Presentation Matrix Switcher

DTP OUT
IN Tx Rx G Tx Rx OUT
IN DTP EXP
50-60Hz

HDMI Audio

Laptop
menu
sync
select ready
PUSH PUSH
audio
power
POWER GUIDE MENU RES 480 480p 720p 1080i 1080p DIREC
TV HD
SELECT
DIRECTV

Cable TV Tuner
select
mute

Wireless Microphone
System
Media Player

POWER INPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT LAN

12V
--A MAX AUDIO
L R RESET

HDMI HDMI/CEC PoE+

Extron
ShareLink Pro 500
Wired and Wireless Ethernet
Presentation Gateway
CATx Cable CATx Cable

Facility
Ethernet
LAN
Facility/Room
Wireless Access Point

AV LAN
AV LAN Ethernet Ethernet

Extron Tablet Tablet Extron

TLP Pro 1025M TLP Pro 1025M
10" Wall Mount TouchLink 10" Wall Mount TouchLink
Pro Touchpanel Pro Touchpanel

mute select mute select

AUDIO IN AUDIO IN AUDIO IN AUDIO IN

HDMI IN DP IN HDMI IN DP IN

Wireless Wireless
Microphone Laptop HDMI Extron Extron
HDMI Laptop Microphone

Extron Extron
DTP T DWP 4K 332 D DTP T DWP 4K 332 D
Transmitter Transmitter

[Link] 65
Classroom with Live Streaming and Lecture Capture

Overview
Sources and Connectivity
The classroom will be used to live stream and record instructor-led lectures
supported by high-resolution AV content. The AV system should allow the The PC and the media player are permanently installed at the
instructor to easily select from a variety of sources at video resolutions up to teacher station. The instructor’s desk is equipped with an Extron
4K locally on two displays. The display configuration should support detailed Cable Cubby 202 Cable Access Enclosure that includes cable
viewing from any point in the room. The audio system should allow each
connectivity for guest devices. Additional HDMI and DisplayPort
student to clearly hear the instructor’s voice, as well as program material.
connections for auxiliary devices are located nearby where an Extron
DTP T DWP 4K 332 D wallplate transmitter is installed.
Needs Assessment
Staffing The instructor operates the system during lectures. Switching System
An Extron IN1808 IPCP Q MA 70 eight-Input 4K/60 Seamless Scaling
Sources A PC and a media player are permanently installed.
Instructors may bring laptops to share additional Switcher provides one DisplayPort input, five HDMI inputs, and
content. two DTP2 twisted pair inputs. The HDMI loop-out feeds an Extron
DSC HD‑HD 4K PLUS A xi, which scales to 1080p for the SMP 111.
Display Two large 4K displays are installed for student viewing.
Requirements A recording monitor is viewable by the instructor. Each
display shows the same image.
Signal Distribution
The DTP2 output on the IN1808 supports transmission of video,
Audio A microphone captures the instructor’s voice for audio, and control over shielded CATx cable to one display. Content
Requirements streaming and recording. In the classroom, the audio for the second display is provided by the HDMI output driving an
system should distribute sound evenly throughout.
Extron DTP2 T 211 transmitter. Extron DTP2 R 211 receivers provide
Control Instructors must have easy access to control HDMI video and control signals to each display.
Requirements display power, source selection, media playback,
and streaming/recording initiation. Audio System
The IN1808 includes Extron-exclusive ProDSP for comprehensive
audio processing, including mic/line mixing with ducking, feedback
suppression, and equalization. The built-in 100-watt, 70-volt amplifier
powers four Extron FF 120T Full-Range Flat Field speakers for even
System Design Solution distribution of sound throughout the room.

Display Systems Control System

Two 75-inch 4K displays are installed at the front of the room. The IN1808 includes an IP Link Pro xi processor for complete system
Displays have HDMI input and support resolutions up to 3840x2160. control. The custom GUI on the Extron TLP Pro 1025T 10” Tabletop
A 1080p confidence display is driven by an Extron SMP 111 TouchLink Pro Touchpanel at the lectern provides a simple-to-use and
Streaming Media Processor. intuitive user interface.

­66 Extron Digital Design Guide

 Audio
Extron
FF 120T
Full-Range Flat Field Speakers

4K Display 4K Display
MODEL 80 MODEL 80

Extron
FLAT PANEL FLAT PANEL

TLP Pro 1025T

10” Tabletop
Touchlink Pro
RS-232
HDMI
RS-232
HDMI Touchpanel

Extron
DTP T DWP POWER
12V
OVER DTP2 SIG LINK OUTPUTS
AUDIO
Extron POWER
12V
OVER DTP2 SIG LINK OUTPUTS
AUDIO
Extron
DTP2 R 211 DTP2 R 211
L R L R

4K 332 D
--A MAX RS-232 IR --A MAX RS-232 IR

Transmitter
Tx Rx G Tx Rx DTP2 IN
Receiver Tx Rx G Tx Rx DTP2 IN
Receiver

AUDIO IN AUDIO IN CATx Cable CATx Cable

HDMI IN DP IN

Extron

Ethernet
Ethernet
AV LAN
Extron POWER
12V AUDIO
INPUTS SIG LINK OVER DTP2

DTP2 T 211
--A MAX RS-232 IR

CATx Cable
Transmitter
DTP2 OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx

Ethernet
LAN
HDMI HDMI RS-232

PC
Extron
HDMI IN1808 IPCP Q MA 70
4K/60 Seamless
4K Media Player Presentation Switcher
COM 1 COM 2 COM 3 DIGITAL I/O AV LAN 2 AV LAN 3 AMPLIFIED OUTPUT
IN1808 IPCP Q MA 70
70V - 100W
Tx Rx G RTS CTS Tx Rx G Tx Rx G 1 2 3 4 G Audio
IR/SERIAL RELAYS eBUS
1 2 1 2 C 3 4 C +V +S -S G
R
CLASS 2 WIRING

S G S G PWR OUT = 6W LAN AV LAN 1

5
100-240V~--A MAX

2 4 6
7 8 1A 1B
SIG LINK SIG LINK SIG LINK L R 1 1 2
AUX +48V
OVER TP MIC/LINE
1 3 5 LOOP OUT IR 3 4 2 3 4 RS-232 RESET

+48V

IN IN HDMI/CEC OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx G

50-60Hz INPUTS (DTP2/XTP) OUTPUTS (DTP2/XTP/HDBT) AUDIO INPUTS OUTPUTS REMOTE

DisplayPort HDMI HDMI Audio

Microphone

Extron 100-240VAC ~ -- A MAX AUDIO IN

DSC HD-HD 4K Plus A xi

CABLE CUBBY

DSC HD-HD INPUT OUTPUT L R LAN REMOTE

4K PLUS A xi
A B A B L R
RS -232 RESET

RESS
4K/60 Scaler 50-60 Hz
HDMI HDMI
AUDIO OUT Tx Rx G
P

TO E
R

SE
T

HDMI
125V~ 50-60Hz 12A MAX

Extron
Cable Cubby 222 Extron 100-240V 0.7A

Cable Access SMP 111

SMP 111

Enclosure
INPUTS OUTPUT REMOTE

Streaming Ethernet
LAN
AUDIO RS-232 CONTROL +12V
USB STORAGE 1.0A MAX RESET

Media
L LINE R

Processor HDMI HDMI Tx Rx G

50-60 Hz LAN

HDMI

MODEL 80

DisplayPort HDMI
SHARE

ERAHS

FLAT PANEL

Laptop Laptop Confidence / Recording Monitor

[Link] 67
Active Learning

Overview Sources and Connectivity

Active learning environments support project-based learning. Unlike lecture,
active learning encourages students to work together in small groups to solve Instructor video sources and student laptops connect to the system
a problem with guidance from an instructor who circulates among the groups. by HDMI cable. Students and the instructor can also share content
The AV system used to create an active learning environment should support wirelessly via an Extron ShareLink Pro 500 Presentation Gateway.
several classroom collaboration pods for group work, as well as multiple large-
format displays for whole-class discussion or presentations. Switching System
An Extron DTP CrossPoint 108 4K IPCP Q MA 70 Scaling
Needs Assessment Presentation Matrix Switcher manages video and audio source
Staffing The instructor controls the content being shown at any selection and distribution. Six HDMI inputs accommodate local
display. Students connect devices at collaboration pods sources, and four DTP inputs receive signals from transmitters
to share content.
connected to the classroom pods. DTP outputs extend signals to
Extron DTP HDMI 4K 330 Rx receivers connected to three large-
Sources Available sources for the instructor include a laptop,
a 4K Blu-ray player, a document camera, a media format projectors throughout the room. Each pod includes an
player, and a wireless collaboration device. At the pods, Extron DTP SW4 HD 4K four-input HDMI transmitter and an Extron
students use laptops to present their work. DTP HDMI 4K 330 Rx receiver connected to the matrix switcher. This
allows each pod’s local content to be shown on the projector systems
Display Multiple projectors are strategically positioned for
and the displays at the other pods.
Requirements whole-class viewing. A display is installed at each pod.
Any display should allow content to be shown from any
instructor source, from wireless devices, and from any Audio System
classroom pod. The DTP CrossPoint 108 4K incorporates a 100-watt, 70-volt
amplifier driving four Extron FF 120T Full-Range Flat Field ceiling
Audio The audio system should evenly distribute sound
Requirements throughout the room. speakers for even distribution of sound throughout the room.

Control Power on/off control and source selection should Control System
Requirements be as intuitive as possible for operation by
The instructor uses an Extron TLP Pro 1025T 10” Tabletop
non‑technical users.
TouchLink Pro Touchpanel. A GUI customized to user requirements
provides a simple-to-use and intuitive interface for all source switching
and routing, display power, and audio functions of the system.
System Design Solution
At each pod, display power is controlled by an Extron HD CTL 100
Display Systems Workspace Controller that detects video signal presence and turns
Three projectors and their associated screens are arranged so at least the display on and off accordingly via CEC commands. This gives the
one is fully readable from any of the four pods. Each pod has one school flexibility to choose from a wider variety of displays now and in
large display. the future.

­68 Extron Digital Design Guide

Extron
FF 220T
Full-Range Flat Field Speakers 4K Projector 4K Projector 4K Projector

RS-232 HDMI RS-232 HDMI RS-232 HDMI

OVER DTP OVER DTP OVER DTP

RS-232 IR RS-232 IR RS-232 IR

Tx Rx G Tx Rx DTP HDMI 330 Rx Tx Rx G Tx Rx DTP HDMI 330 Rx Tx Rx G Tx Rx DTP HDMI 330 Rx

Extron Extron Extron

DTP HDMI 4K DTP HDMI 4K DTP HDMI 4K
330 Rx 330 Rx 330 Rx
Receiver Receiver Receiver

Extron
TLP Pro 1025T
10” Tabletop Touchlink
Pro Touchpanel
CATx Cable CATx Cable CATx Cable Audio

Ethernet AV LAN Ethernet

Facility/Room
Wireless Access Point
Extron
Corporate
LAN DTP CrossPoint 108 4K
Ethernet INPUTS LOGO CONTROL I/O
COM IPCP Q MA 70
Presentation Matrix Switcher
RTS
eBUS IR/S I/O RELAYS
CTS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
S LIMIT 1 1 2 1 2
Tx
SELECT ENTER PRESET VIEW ESC VIDEO AUDIO
Rx

Ethernet
OVER 1 2 3 2 3 4 3 4

MIC VOLUME VOLUME

Tablet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CONFIG

OUTPUTS

POWER INPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT LAN

12V
--A MAX AUDIO
RESET
DTP CROSSPOINT 4K SERIES
L R

DIGITAL PRESENTATION MATRIX

HDMI HDMI/CEC PoE+

Extron HDMI
ShareLink Pro 500
Wired and Wireless
Presentation Gateway HDMI HDMI HDMI HDMI
HDMI

Media Player POWER

INPUTS SIG LINK OVER DTP
POWER
INPUTS SIG LINK OVER DTP
POWER
INPUTS SIG LINK OVER DTP
POWER
INPUTS SIG LINK OVER DTP

Extron
HDMI
12V AUDIO 12V AUDIO 12V AUDIO 12V AUDIO
RS-232 IR RS-232 IR RS-232 IR RS-232 IR
0.7A MAX 0.7A MAX 0.7A MAX 0.7A MAX

DTP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx
DTP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx
DTP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx
DTP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx

DTP HDMI 4K 330 Tx

Transmitters
Blu-ray Player

Document Camera CATx Cable CATx Cable CATx Cable CATx Cable

HDMI

Laptop
HDMI

Student Center 1 Student Center 2

1 2 3
CONTACT / TALLY
4 5 6
DTP T SW4 HD 4K

Extron Extron 1 2 3
CONTACT / TALLY
4 5 6
DTP T SW4 HD 4K

DTP T SW4 HD 4K DTP T SW4 HD 4K

C T C T C T C G T +V C G T +V C G T +V REMOTE REMOTE
SIG LINK C T C T C T C G T +V C G T +V C G T +V SIG LINK
POWER OVER TP POWER OVER TP
12V 1 2 3 4 12V 1 2 3 4
--A MAX HDBT RS-232 IR RS-232 AUTO HDBT
--A MAX RS-232 IR RS-232 AUTO

DTP

Transmitter Transmitter
OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G DTP Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G
INPUTS INPUTS OUT

MODEL 80

MODEL 80

Extron
Extron HDMI HD CTL 100 Extron HDMI
Show Me Workspace Controller
FLAT PANEL

HD CTL 100 Extron

Cables Workspace Controller Show Me
FLAT PANEL

Cables
POWER
DIGITAL I / O +V OUT IR / S
12V
OUTPUT
INPUT

0.3A MAX
ON/OFF SHARELINK BLU-RAY ON/OFF SHARELINK BLU-RAY

HDMI/CEC
HDMI HDMI/CEC 1 2 G 3 4 G 24 G S G DIGITAL I / O +V OUT
POWER
IR / S
SHARE

SHARE
PRESS

PRESS

12V
SHARE

SHARE
PRESS

PRESS
OUTPUT
INPUT
ON/OFF

ON/OFF

USB CHARGER
0.3A MAX USB CHARGER

HDMI/CEC HDMI HDMI/CEC 1 2 G 3 4 G 24 G S G

SHARE

SHARE
PRESS

PRESS
PRESS

PRESS
SHARE

SHARE

125 VAC. 50-60 Hz 12A MAX 125 VAC. 50-60 Hz 12A MAX

Extron
HDMI Extron Extron
DTP HDMI 4K HDMI Extron
Cable Cubby 1202 DTP HDMI Cable Cubby 1202
Cable Access Enclosure 4K 330 Rx 330 Rx Cable Access Enclosure
Receiver Receiver

Student Center 3 Student Center 4

1 2 3
CONTACT / TALLY
4 5 6
DTP T SW4 HD 4K

Extron Extron 1 2 3
CONTACT / TALLY
4 5 6
DTP T SW4 HD 4K

DTP T SW4 HD 4K DTP T SW4 HD 4K

C T C T C T C G T +V C G T +V C G T +V REMOTE C T C T C T C G T +V C G T +V C G T +V REMOTE
SIG LINK SIG LINK
POWER OVER TP POWER OVER TP
12V 1 2 3 4 12V 1 2 3 4
--A MAX HDBT RS-232 IR RS-232 AUTO --A MAX HDBT RS-232 IR RS-232 AUTO

DTP Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G DTP Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G

Transmitter Transmitter
INPUTS OUT INPUTS OUT

MODEL 80

MODEL 80

Extron
Extron HDMI HD CTL 100 Extron
Show Me HD CTL 100
HDMI Extron
Workspace Controller Show Me
FLAT PANEL

Cables Workspace Controller

FLAT PANEL

POWER
12V
DIGITAL I / O +V OUT IR / S
Cables
OUTPUT
INPUT

ON/OFF SHARELINK BLU-RAY

0.3A MAX ON/OFF SHARELINK BLU-RAY

HDMI/CEC
HDMI HDMI/CEC 1 2 G 3 4 G 24 G S G POWER
DIGITAL I / O +V OUT IR / S
SHARE

SHARE
PRESS

PRESS
SHARE

SHARE
PRESS

PRESS

12V
OUTPUT
ON/OFF

ON/OFF

USB CHARGER USB CHARGER

INPUT

0.3A MAX

HDMI/CEC
SHARE

S G
SHARE

1 2 G 3 4 G 24 G
PRESS

PRESS
PRESS

PRESS

HDMI HDMI/CEC
SHARE

SHARE

125 VAC. 50-60 Hz 12A MAX 125 VAC. 50-60 Hz 12A MAX

HDMI Extron Extron Extron

Extron DTP HDMI 4K HDMI
Cable Cubby 1202 DTP HDMI Cable Cubby 1202
Cable Access Enclosure 4K 330 Rx 330 Rx Cable Access Enclosure
Receiver Receiver

[Link] 69
Crisis Response Center

Overview Sources and Connectivity

The crisis response center provides centralized communications, command,
and control of city resources as they are deployed to respond to emergency A rack-mount computer, satellite tuners, and a secure
situations. Municipal officials rely on this center for situational awareness, videoconferencing appliance are co-located and connected to the
secure communications, and to provide a record of the actions taken there. matrix switcher via HDMI. An Extron DTP T DSW 4K 333 transmitter
at the conference table sends video signals from users’ devices to
Needs Assessment the matrix switcher. An Extron DTP T DWP 4K 332 D decorator-
Staffing City officials use the room for communicating with style wallplate transmitter connected to the matrix switcher provides
personnel at remote locations, monitoring, and sharing additional capacity for video sources.
video from various sources.
Recording System
Sources Sources include streaming video from the field, PCs
running specialized applications, news broadcasts, and Content from any video source connected to the system can be
videoconferencing. Users may also connect laptops or recorded by the SMP 111 in MP4 container format. Recordings
other devices to display system content. include metadata to facilitate searching, indexing, and content
Display Two large displays are required so that two different management. Recordings can be saved to internal solid state
Requirements video sources can be shown simultaneously, with storage, a USB device, or a network location.
the option to install additional displays in the future.
A smaller display is used to monitor recordings. Switching and Signal Distribution
Audio Clear and intelligible sound is required for precise The DTP CrossPoint 86 4K matrix switcher can route any video
Requirements communication when conferencing with remote input to either or both primary displays, as well as to the SMP 111.
facilities and personnel. The built‑in Vector 4K scaling engine converts video to the
Control To avoid distraction from their primary duties, city
native resolution of each display for optimal performance. Extron
Requirements officials and their staff require simple and intuitive DTP HDMI 4K 330 Rx receivers extend HDMI and control signals to
control of the room. All system capabilities and the primary displays over twisted pair cable.
functions need to be readily accessible.
Audio System
A combination of an Extron DMP 128 FlexPlus C V AT audio
processor with the DTP CrossPoint 86 4K built-in DSP provides
System Design Solution expanded audio capability for microphone ducking, AEC, Dante, and
VoIP support. For sound reinforcement, the 100-watt 70-volt amplifier
Display Systems built into the matrix drives Extron SF 26CT speakers.
An Extron DTP CrossPoint 86 4K IPCP Q MA 70 Presentation
Matrix Switcher drives two large flat screen monitors that serve as Control System
the primary displays. The matrix switcher has four additional video An IP Link Pro control processor built into the DTP CrossPoint 86 4K
outputs to support future expansion. The recording monitor screen is matrix switcher handles system control. An Extron TLP Pro 1025T
driven by an Extron SMP 111 Streaming Media Processor. 10” Tabletop TouchLink Touchpanel is loaded with a custom GUI.
­70 Extron Digital Design Guide
Extron
SF 26CT Ceiling Mic Array
Two-Way Ceiling
Speakers (8 mic channels)

MODEL 80 MODEL 80

Ethernet

FLAT PANEL FLAT PANEL

4K Display 4K Display

RS-232 HDMI RS-232 HDMI

Extron OVER DTP

Extron OVER DTP

DTP HDMI DTP HDMI

RS-232 IR RS-232 IR

Tx Rx G Tx Rx DTP HDMI 330 Rx Tx Rx G Tx Rx DTP HDMI 330 Rx

Audio
4K 330 Rx 4K 330 Rx
Receiver Receiver

HDMI

VTC

Extron
TLP Pro 1025T
10” Tabletop Touchlink
Pro Touchpanel
HDMI HDMI Audio Audio Ethernet CATx Cable

1 2 3 4 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
INPUTS

OUTS
I/O

IN G O IN G O

POWER USB AUD

12V
LAN/VoIP
DMP EXP

REMOTE

2.0A MAX RS-232 R

ACP
AT

1 (PRI) 2 (SEC) +V +S -S G Tx Rx G 1 2 C V AT

CATx Cable
Extron
Ethernet
DSP DMP 128 FlexPlus C V AT
Expansion Audio Processor
Ethernet
AV LAN
DTP CROSSPOINT 86 4K
COM 1 COM 2 COM 3 DIGITAL I/O
AV LAN 2 AV LAN 3 70V
DMP EXPANSION

AUDIO OUTPUTS

+48V
AUDIO INPUTS

AMP OUTPUT

1
CONTROL

Tx Rx G RTS CTS Tx Rx G Tx Rx G 1 2 3 4 G L R L R L R 1 1 3 L R L R
1 3 5 1 3
2 MIC/LINE
IR/SERIAL RELAYS eBUS
LINK

2 4 6 2 4
R 1 2 1 2 C 3 4 C +V +S -S G L R L R L R 3 2 4 L R L R

4
LAN AV LAN 1 CLASS 2 WIRING
S G S G PWR OUT = 6W EXP

RS-232 IR RS-232 IR

RESET
1 2 3A 4A 3B 4B 4 5 6

Ethernet
Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G Tx Rx

Extron
OUTPUTS

SIG LINK SIG LINK SIG LINK SIG LINK

OVER TP OVER TP
S/PDIF
XTP RS-232 IR XTP OUT XTP RS-232 IR XTP

SMD 202 Extron

REMOTE

HDBT

DTP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx OUT DTP DTP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx OUT DTP

HDBT HDBT Tx Rx G

Streaming Media Player

DTP CrossPoint 86 4K
RS-232 IR

100-240V~3.0A MAX

and Decoder
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Tx Rx G Tx Rx
INPUTS
INPUTS

IPCP Q MA 70
SIG LINK SIG LINK
OVER TP
XTP RS-232 IR XTP
POWER INPUT OUTPUT SMD 202
12V SD
OUTPUT

--A MAX AUDIO AUDIO IR IN RS-232

INPUT

USB L R L R RESET

Presentation Matrix Switcher

DTP OUT
IN Tx Rx G Tx Rx OUT
IN DTP
50-60Hz
HDMI HDMI S G Tx Rx G
LAN

PUSH PUSH

POWER GUIDE MENU RES 480 480p 720p 1080i 1080p DIREC
TV HD
SELECT
DIRECTV

Satellite Receivers HDMI

PUSH PUSH

POWER GUIDE MENU RES 480 480p 720p 1080i 1080p DIREC
TV HD
SELECT
DIRECTV MODEL 80

INPUT OUT HDMI

HDCP CLIP
ALARM

HDMI CONFIG
USB STORAGE HDMI AUDIO
HDMI LINE HDMI
MARK
SMP 111
STREAMING MEDIA PROCESSOR

Rack Mount Computer CATx Extron

FLAT PANEL

Cable
Podium Inputs SMP 111 Recording Monitor
Streaming Media Processor Ethernet

Laptop Laptop
CATx Corporate
Cable LAN
Mic Audio

Auxiliary Input
HDMI DisplayPort AUDIO IN AUDIO IN

HDMI IN DP IN

Extron

Extron Extron
DTP T DSW 4K 333 DTP T DWP 4K 332 D
Transmitter Transmitter

[Link] 71
House of Worship

Overview Sources and Connectivity

The AV system displays weekly services that incorporate high-resolution
content from various sources, as well as image magnification of the presenter. Remote video content is routed to an Extron DTP CrossPoint 108 4K
Numerous connection points easily accommodate a multi-use facility that Presentation Matrix Switcher using Extron DTP T DWP 4K 332
can support worship services and theatrical-style events. A streaming media wallplate transmitters and a two-input Extron DTP2 T 212 transmitter
processor enables recording and remote viewing through streaming services. with local HDMI output. Additional local system sources come
through standard HDMI cables.
Needs Assessment
Switching, Signal Distribution, and Recording
Staffing A presenter is able to focus on delivering their message
as an AV support staff manages the system. The Extron DTP CrossPoint 108 4K matrix switcher is the
centerpiece of this system. It provides scaling and seamless
Sources Sources include a local PC, a media player, and inputs switching performance that ensures a professional theatre-style
at the podium and multiple wallplates. A high-definition viewing experience. Up to two video sources may be recorded
camera provides for IMAG and recording. by the SMP 351 streaming media processor with dual recording
LinkLicense and streamed for remote audience viewing. An Extron
Display Two main 4K projectors provide a comfortable viewing DTP HD DA8 4K Eight Output DTP Distribution Amplifier provides
Requirements experience. Multiple outputs support overflow and
remote viewing locations utilizing 4K displays. the required number of twisted pair outputs to feed the overflow and
remote displays. The HDMI output on the DTP2 T 212 transmitter
Audio Audience members must be able to hear feeds a monitor at the portable lectern.
Requirements the presenter clearly from any seat. Musical
performances require superior sound reinforcement. Audio System
In addition to microphones, PCs and other devices
need to be connected to the audio system. An Extron DMP 128 FlexPlus C AT audio processor manages signal
transport via analog, Dante, and Extron’s audio expansion bus. Three
Control Show control via touchpanel is required within the Extron XPA 4002 Two Channel Amplifiers each provides 400 watts of
Requirements control booth and backstage. The GUI should allow power to the various speakers. Distance learning and VTC calls are
quick and decisive show control.
supported by AEC and USB audio connectivity within the DMP 128.

Control System
System Design Solution Extron TLP Pro 1025T 10” Tabletop TouchLink Pro Touchpanels
are installed within the control booth and back stage. An Extron
Display Systems IPCP Pro 555Q xi Control Processor coordinates the video switching,
Two front projection 4K projectors are used for the main displays. audio, recording, media playback, camera position, and display power.
The remaining overflow and remote display locations feature 4K LED Multiple modes of operation provide show control, with or without
panels that provide clear and precise close view monitoring. staff, accommodating small daily services to large weekly services.

­72 Extron Digital Design Guide

 Overflow Control Booth Back Stage

Display Display Display Display Display

MODEL 80 MODEL 80 MODEL 80 MODEL 80 MODEL 80

Ethernet

FLAT PANEL
Extron Extron FLAT PANEL

FLAT PANEL FLAT PANEL FLAT PANEL

TLP Pro 1025 T TLP Pro 1025 T

Control Panel Control Panel
RS-232 HDMI RS-232 HDMI RS-232 HDMI RS-232 HDMI RS-232 HDMI
Extron Extron
Extron DTP HDMI AV LAN
DTP HDMI
DTP HDMI 4K 330 Rx 4K 330 Rx
4K 330 Rx Receiver Receiver
Receivers
CATx Cable CATx Cable
Extron Green Room
DTP HDMI Display
MODEL 80

HDMI
4K 330 Rx
RS-232
Receivers RS-232 RS-232
MODEL 80 MODEL 80 MODEL 80

RS-232
FLAT PANEL

Extron HDMI

Display FLAT PANEL

Display FLAT PANEL
Display FLAT PANEL DTP HDMI
4K 330 Rx
Receiver
Extron
DTP HD DA8 4K 330 Extron CATx Cable
Distribution Amplifier
Projector DTP HD DA8 330
DTP HDMI Lobby
4K 330 Tx
INPUT OUTPUTS RS-232 IR RS-232 IR RS-232 IR RS-232 IR
RESET
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G Tx Rx
SIG LINK OVER TP SIG LINK SIG LINK OVER TP SIG LINK SIG LINK OVER TP SIG LINK SIG LINK OVER TP SIG LINK
REMOTE
HDBT HDBT HDBT HDBT HDBT HDBT HDBT HDBT

Transmitter
RS-232 IR RS-232 IR RS-232 IR RS-232 IR
RS-232

AUDIO DTP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx OUT DTP DTP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx OUT DTP DTP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx OUT DTP DTP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx OUT DTP
100-240V ~ --A MAX HDMI LOOP THRU LAN

Extron
Tx Rx G
50/60 Hz

CATx Cable
Extron INPUTS SIG LINK OVER DTP

DTP HDMI
POWER
12V AUDIO
RS-232 IR
0.7A MAX

HDMI
DTP CrossPoint 108 4K
Tx Rx G Tx Rx
DTP OUT

4K 330 Rx
HDMI
Extron
AV LAN IPCP Q MA 70 HDMI Receiver HDMI

Presentation Matrix Switcher RS-232

MODEL 80

DTP HDMI
4K 330 Rx Ethernet
Receiver
COM
INPUTS LOGO CONTROL I/O

Display
RTS
eBUS IR/S I/O RELAYS
CTS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 1 2 1 2

CATx Cable
S LIMIT
Tx FLAT PANEL

SELECT ENTER PRESET VIEW ESC VIDEO AUDIO

Rx
OVER 1 2 3 2 3 4 3 4

MIC VOLUME VOLUME

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CONFIG

OUTPUTS

Projector DTP CROSSPOINT 4K SERIES

DIGITAL PRESENTATION MATRIX

Extron
SMP 351 HDMI HDMI
HDMI HDMI Streaming Media Processor
Extron CHANNEL A

1 2
AUDIO
L R LAYOUT
PRESET MENU
ADJUST

I/O
SMP 300 SERIES
STREAMING MEDIA PROCESSOR

DTP HDMI
1
CHANNEL B 2
USB STORAGE
CONFIG
3 4 5 MARK SWAP NEXT 3

Ethernet
4K 330 Rx
Receiver
1 2 3 4

LAN
WiFi

Ethernet
Rack PC
Extron Media Player
DTP HDMI DSP Expansion
4K 330 Rx
Receiver Ethernet
1 2 3 4 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
INPUTS

OUTS
I/O

IN G O IN G O

POWER USB AUD

12V
DMP EXP

2.0A MAX RS-232

REMOTE

R
ACP
AT

1 (PRI) 2 (SEC) +V +S -S G Tx Rx G LAN

C AT

Ethernet CATx Cable Audio Extron Extron

AV LAN DMP 128 FlexPlus C AT XPA 4002
100-240V ~ 50-60Hz

+
1

- +
2

-
1 2 3 7

Tx Rx G Tx Rx G Tx Rx G Tx Rx G RTSCTS
1

S G
2

S G
3

S G S G
4 1 2 3 4 PWR OUT = 12W

+V +S -S G
LAN
Audio Processor Amplifiers
SWITCHED 12 VDC eBUS
40W MAX TOTAL

Extron
3 4 4 5 6 8 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 G 100-240V 1.5A, 50-60 Hz
XPA 4002
AV
LAN REMOTE ATTENUATION INPUTS BRIDGE MODE 8Ω / 4Ω OUTPUTS
BRIDGE BRIDGE
+ - + - Tx Rx G Tx Rx G Tx Rx G Tx Rx G RTS CTS S G S G S G S G LIMITER/ 8Ω ONLY
STANDBY

5A MAX 12 VDC COM IR/SERIAL RELAYS FLEX I/O PROTECT 1 2 1 2

(BRIDGE) 1 2
12 10 8 12 10 8
1 2
G 14 6 14 6
GREEN - ACTIVE 18 4 18 4 ON

IPCP Pro 555Q xi

AMBER - STANDBY 26 2 26 2
∞ 0 ∞ 0 OFF
SIGNAL CLASS 2 WIRING

IPCP Pro xi Quad Core 100-240V 1.5A, 50-60 Hz

XPA 4002
REMOTE ATTENUATION INPUTS BRIDGE MODE 8Ω / 4Ω OUTPUTS

Control Processor
BRIDGE BRIDGE
LIMITER/ 8Ω ONLY
STANDBY

PROTECT 1 2 1 2
(BRIDGE) 1 2
12 10 8 12 10 8
1 2
G 14 6 14 6
GREEN - ACTIVE 18 4 18 4 ON
AMBER - STANDBY 26 2 26 2
∞ 0 ∞ 0 OFF
SIGNAL CLASS 2 WIRING

Movable Podium 100-240V 1.5A, 50-60 Hz

XPA 4002
REMOTE

LIMITER/
ATTENUATION INPUTS BRIDGE MODE 8Ω / 4Ω OUTPUTS
BRIDGE BRIDGE
8Ω ONLY
STANDBY

PROTECT 1 2 1 2
(BRIDGE) 1 2
12 10 8 12 10 8
1 2
G 14 6 14 6
GREEN - ACTIVE 18 4 18 4 ON
AMBER - STANDBY 26 2 26 2
∞ 0 ∞ 0 OFF
SIGNAL CLASS 2 WIRING

Audio
Mic
Laptop HDMI

Extron CABLE CUBBY

CATx Cable
Cable Cubby 202 125V ~ 50-60Hz 12A MAX

Auditorium Speakers
Cable Access Enclosure
Auxiliary Inputs
HDMI
Extron POWER
OVER TP SEND CONTACT/
OUTPUTS

SIG LINK
REMOTE

12V 1 2 A B
INPUTS

1 TALLY 2
--A MAX HDBT POWER
AUDIO RS-232 IR RS-232

DTP2 T 212 OUT

DTP
Tx Rx G Tx Rx
OFF C G T C G T +V Tx Rx G

Transmitter
HDMI AUDIO IN AUDIO IN AUDIO IN AUDIO IN AUDIO IN AUDIO IN

HDMI IN DP IN HDMI IN DP IN HDMI IN HDMI IN

HDMI MODEL 80

HDMI
Extron Extron
Camera

Extron Extron Extron Extron

DTP T DWP DTP T DWP DTP T HWP DTP T HWP
4K 332 D 4K 332 D 4K 331 D 4K 331 D
FLAT PANEL

Podium PC Podium Monitor Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter

[Link] 73
Operations Center

Overview
A government operations center is used for intelligence management and
System Design Solution
network monitoring. This facility supports presentations from a lectern,
Videowall Processing
videoconferencing, displaying analyst data, and monitoring of news reports.
A videowall will display sources from up to 16 analyst workstations located An Extron Quantum® Ultra II 610 videowall processor drives the LED
in the room. The system must enforce three levels of security - unclassified, videowall controller with four HDMI signals. This processor provides
secret, or top secret depending on need and attendees in the room. presets based on user-defined selections.

Needs Assessment Switching and Signal Distribution

Staffing A presenter will speak from the lectern and require Video outputs for the lectern laptop, VC codecs, cameras, and tuners
access to a laptop connection, KVM switching, and are connected to an Extron FOX3 Matrix modular matrix switcher via
video system controls. Sixteen analysts can each multimode optical fiber driven by Extron FOX3 T 201 transmitters.
access up to three PCs dedicated to their station via
KVM selection. They may only access PCs based
Extron FOX3 T 301 transmitters with USB extension support PC
on the current classification of the room and after video and USB ports. The videowall processor and the VC codec
additional verification using a CAC reader. inputs are connected to the matrix by FOX3 SR 201 fiber optic
scaling receivers. Video monitors, keyboards, mice, and CAC readers
Sources Forty-eight computers divided into three groups of 16
based on classification level are installed in a secure at analyst stations and at the lectern are driven by FOX3 SR 301 fiber
rack room. Six videoconferencing codecs divided into optic scaling receivers with USB extension. All FOX3 transmitters,
three groups of two based on classification level are receivers, and matrix switchers are capable of 4K/60 4:4:4 resolution.
also located in the rack room. Four TV tuners enable
monitoring of various general news outlets. PTZ
cameras are located on the room's front and back
Audio System
walls. A laptop may be brought in by a presenter. The sound system consists of two Extron DMP 128 FlexPlus C V AT
audio processors and an Extron XPA U 1002‑70V two-channel
Display Content can be displayed on a modular LED videowall
Requirements with total video resolution of 7680x2160, based on amplifier that powers 16 Extron SF 26CT ceiling speakers. The audio
classification level. Each analyst station has three processors are connected together to expand audio I/O capacity.
monitors for displaying content from unclassified, They provide AEC, auto-mixing, and Dante connectivity.
classified, and top secret PCs assigned to that station.
Control System
Audio Audio from videoconferencing, the lectern, and news
Requirements reports must be clear and intelligible to all occupants. An Extron IPCP Pro 555Q xi Control Processor facilitates system
control, with Extron TLP Pro 1725TG 17” Tabletop TouchLink Pro
Touchpanels located at the commander’s workstation and at the
Control Full system control is required at the lectern and
lectern. The control processor manages the matrix switcher, videowall
Requirements at the commander’s workstation. Analyst stations
require KVM switching with enforcement of access processor, and VC codecs over a secure LAN, enabling control and
level restrictions. configuration of the videowall content, audio settings, and security
access level enforcement. Extron NBP 110 D Network Button Panels
with custom buttons allow KVM switching at each analyst station.

­74 Extron Digital Design Guide

Operations Center

RS-232

Camera HDMI
7680x2160
DirectView LED Video Wall
POWER INPUTS FOX3 T 201 CONTROL REMOTE A B
12V
--A MAX RS-232 IR RS-232 R

CAT6
AUDIO
HDMI LOOP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G OUT IN OUT IN
LAN

Extron
FOX3 T 201
RS-232 Fiber Optic Transmitter
LED Controller

HDMI POWER
12V
--A MAX
INPUTS FOX3 T 201 CONTROL
RS-232 IR
REMOTE
RS-232
A B

R
HDMI
AUDIO
HDMI LOOP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G OUT IN OUT IN
LAN

RS-232
LOCK

OPEN

HDMI POWER
12V
--A MAX
INPUTS FOX3 T 201 CONTROL
RS-232 IR
REMOTE
RS-232
A B

AUDIO
HDMI LOOP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G OUT IN OUT IN
LAN

Lectern
Extron
MODEL 80

STATUS
PRIMARY POWER

Quantum Ultra II 610

REDUNDANT POWER

HDMI
FRONT FAN
REAR FANS

QUANTUM ULTRA II 610

100-240V 0.7A MAX

4K/60 Videowall Processor

L R OUTPUTS RS-232 IR
CONTROL
RETURN
AUDIO

VIDEOWALL PROCESSOR
DEVICES
Tx Rx G Tx Rx INPUTS
USB HID
1 REMOTE 3D A B
LAN
AUDIO SYNC
FOX3 SR 301

L R USB 2.0 RS-232

R
2 1

HDMI
100mA 500mA
HDMI Tx Rx G S 5V OUT IN OUT IN
FLAT PANEL 50-60 Hz

Display CAC Reader Extron

FOX3 SR 301
POWER
12V
--A MAX
FOX3 SR 201 OUTPUTS
AUDIO
CONTROL
RS-232 IR
REMOTE
RS-232
A B

R
Extron
Keyboard Mouse Fiber Optic Scaling Receiver
HDMI Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G LAN OUT IN OUT IN
FOX3 SR 201 (x8)
Fiber Optic Scaling
Receivers
HDMI POWER
12V
INPUTS FOX3 T 201 CONTROL REMOTE A B
--A MAX RS-232 IR RS-232 R

Laptop
AUDIO
HDMI LOOP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G OUT IN OUT IN
LAN

Extron Fiber
FOX3 T 201 Fiber
Fiber Optic Transmitter

HDMI
4K Blu-ray POWER
12V
--A MAX
INPUTS FOX3 T 201 CONTROL
RS-232 IR
REMOTE
RS-232
A B

AUDIO

Fiber
HDMI LOOP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G OUT IN OUT IN
LAN

Fiber
Extron
HDMI FOX3 Matrix 160x
Modular Fiber Optic
POWER
CONFIG
POWER FOX3 SR 201 OUTPUTS CONTROL REMOTE 1 2
12V
A B
--A MAX AUDIO RS-232 IR RS-232 R

Matrix Switcher
FOX3 MATRIX 160X

Extron
FIBER OPTIC DIGITAL MATRIX SWITCHER
HDMI Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G LAN OUT IN OUT IN

TLP Pro 1725TG Extron

FOX3 SR 201 Operator Workstation (16)
17" Tabletop TouchLinkPro
Touchpanel Fiber Optic Scaling Receiver
Unclassified Workstation
Extron
FOX3 SR 301
Fiber Optic Scaling Receiver

USB
MODEL 80

100-240V 0.7A MAX

L R OUTPUTS RS-232 IR
CONTROL
RETURN
AUDIO

DEVICES
Tx Rx G Tx Rx INPUTS
USB HID
1 REMOTE 3D A B
LAN
AUDIO SYNC
FOX3 SR 301

Mic
L R USB 2.0 RS-232
R
2 1

100mA 500mA
HDMI Tx Rx G S 5V OUT IN OUT IN

USB CAC
50-60 Hz

FLAT PANEL

HDMI Display Reader

Secret Workstation
Cable TV Tuner (4)
USB
100-240V 0.7A MAX MODEL 80

L R OUTPUTS RS-232 IR
CONTROL
RETURN
AUDIO

DEVICES
Tx Rx G Tx Rx INPUTS
USB HID
1 REMOTE 3D A B
PUSH PUSH
LAN
AUDIO SYNC
FOX3 SR 301

POWER GUIDE MENU RES 480 480p 720p 1080i 1080p DIREC
TV HD
L R USB 2.0 RS-232
R
DIRECTV
SELECT
2 1

100mA 500mA
HDMI Tx Rx G S 5V OUT IN OUT IN
50-60 Hz

Cable TV Tuner HDMI POWER

12V
INPUTS FOX3 T 201 CONTROL REMOTE A B
FLAT PANEL

USB CAC
Display Reader
--A MAX RS-232 IR RS-232 R

HDMI
Top Secret Workstation
AUDIO
HDMI LOOP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G OUT IN OUT IN
LAN

Extron
FOX3 T 201 USB
100-240V 0.7A MAX MODEL 80

L R OUTPUTS RS-232 IR
CONTROL
RETURN
AUDIO

DEVICES
Tx Rx G Tx Rx INPUTS
USB HID

Fiber Optic Transmitter

1 REMOTE 3D A B
LAN
AUDIO SYNC
FOX3 SR 301

L R USB 2.0 RS-232

R
2 1

100mA 500mA
HDMI Tx Rx G S 5V OUT IN OUT IN
50-60 Hz

FLAT PANEL

USB CAC
Workstation Computers – Rack Mounted Extron HDMI Display Reader

Unclassified Computers (16) SW4 USB Plus

USB Switcher
USB USB USB OUTPUT HUB RS-232

USB
HDMI 100-240V 0.7A MAX
L R INPUTS RS-232 IR POWER
USB SWITCHED INPUT HOST
EMULATION
USB 3 Tx Rx
Mouse
CONTROL

MOUSE
RETURN

PC 1 PC 2 PC 3 PC 4
AUDIO

12V CONTACT
1.5A MAX ON
USB 1 USB 2 ON Tx 1 2 3 4

USB Keyboard/Mouse
HDMI Tx Rx G Tx Rx OUTPUTS
2 1
REMOTE 3D A B OFF
USB HID USB 2.0 LAN USB 4 KEYBOARD
RS-232
AUDIO SYNC
PASS THRU
L R RS-232
LOOP OUT
FOX3 T 301

50-60 Hz
HOST HOST Tx Rx G S 5V OUT IN OUT IN
USB Keyboard
USB USB CAC Reader Extron
FOX3 T 301 POWER INPUTS FOX3 T 201 CONTROL REMOTE A B POWER FOX3 SR 201 OUTPUTS CONTROL REMOTE A B

Fiber Optic Transmitter

12V 12V
--A MAX RS-232 IR RS-232 --A MAX AUDIO RS-232 IR RS-232
R R

AUDIO
HDMI LOOP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G OUT IN OUT IN HDMI Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G LAN OUT IN OUT IN
LAN

Secret Computers (16) POWER

12V
--A MAX
INPUTS FOX3 T 201 CONTROL
RS-232 IR
REMOTE
RS-232
A B
HDMI HDMI
POWER
12V
--A MAX
FOX3 SR 201 OUTPUTS
AUDIO
CONTROL
RS-232 IR
REMOTE
RS-232
A B

R R

AUDIO
HDMI LOOP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G OUT IN OUT IN HDMI Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G LAN OUT IN OUT IN
LAN

HDMI 100-240V 0.7A MAX

L R INPUTS RS-232 IR
Extron Unclassified Extron
CONTROL
RETURN
AUDIO

USB Keyboard/Mouse FOX3 T 201 VTC Codec FOX3 SR 201

HDMI Tx Rx G Tx Rx OUTPUTS
REMOTE 3D A B
USB HID USB 2.0 LAN
AUDIO SYNC
L R RS-232
LOOP OUT
FOX3 T 301

50-60 Hz
HOST HOST Tx Rx G S 5V OUT IN OUT IN

Fiber Optic Transmitter Fiber Optic Scaling Receiver

USB USB CAC Reader Extron POWER
12V
--A MAX
INPUTS FOX3 T 201 CONTROL
RS-232 IR
REMOTE
RS-232
A B
POWER
12V
--A MAX
FOX3 SR 201 OUTPUTS
AUDIO
CONTROL
RS-232 IR
REMOTE
RS-232
A B

FOX3 T 301
R R

AUDIO HDMI
HDMI LOOP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G OUT IN OUT IN Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G LAN OUT IN OUT IN
LAN

Fiber Optic Transmitter HDMI HDMI

POWER POWER FOX3 SR 201 OUTPUTS CONTROL REMOTE
INPUTS FOX3 T 201 CONTROL REMOTE A B 12V
A B
12V

Top Secret Computers (16)

--A MAX --A MAX AUDIO RS-232 IR RS-232
RS-232 IR RS-232 R R

AUDIO HDMI
HDMI LOOP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G OUT IN OUT IN Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G LAN OUT IN OUT IN
LAN

Extron Secret Extron

HDMI 100-240V 0.7A MAX
L R INPUTS RS-232 IR
FOX3 T 201 VTC Codec FOX3 SR 201
CONTROL
RETURN
AUDIO

USB Keyboard/Mouse L
AUDIO
R
USB HID USB 2.0
HDMI

LOOP OUT
Tx Rx G Tx Rx
REMOTE

RS-232
3D
SYNC
LAN
A
OUTPUTS
B
Fiber Optic Transmitter Fiber Optic Scaling Receiver
FOX3 T 301

POWER POWER FOX3 SR 201 OUTPUTS CONTROL REMOTE

HOST HOST Tx Rx G S 5V INPUTS FOX3 T 201 CONTROL REMOTE A B A B
OUT IN OUT IN 12V 12V
50-60 Hz --A MAX
--A MAX RS-232 IR RS-232 AUDIO RS-232 IR RS-232 R
R

USB USB CAC Reader Extron

AUDIO HDMI
HDMI LOOP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G OUT IN OUT IN Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G LAN OUT IN OUT IN
LAN

HDMI HDMI
FOX3 T 301 POWER
12V
--A MAX
INPUTS FOX3 T 201 CONTROL
RS-232 IR
REMOTE
RS-232
A B
POWER
12V
--A MAX
FOX3 SR 201 OUTPUTS
AUDIO
CONTROL
RS-232 IR
REMOTE
RS-232
A B

Fiber Optic Transmitter

R R

AUDIO HDMI
HDMI LOOP OUT Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G OUT IN OUT IN Tx Rx G Tx Rx Tx Rx G LAN OUT IN OUT IN
LAN

Extron Top Secret Extron

FOX3 T 201 VTC Codec FOX3 SR 201
Fiber Optic Transmitter Fiber Optic Scaling Receiver

[Link] 75
Corporate Training Center

Overview Sources and Connectivity

The corporate training center enables in-person and remote education. The
audience may consist of external guests and/or employees. A large variety of SDI cameras connect to the XTP II CrossPoint matrix switcher over
media sources are deployed to enhance messaging and create lasting impact. coax cable. Permanently installed video sources are rack-mounted
Excellent audio, video, and presentation quality is required, and sessions are with the matrix switcher. An Extron USB Extender Plus transmitter
recorded for subsequent distribution and review. and receiver pair facilitates keyboard and mouse control from the
lectern. An Extron XTP T USW 103 4K twisted pair transmitter,
Needs Assessment and XTP T UWP 202 4K decorator-style wallplates provide wired
Staffing A presenter will use the in-room PC or personal connectivity for personal devices. An Extron ShareLink Pro 1100
devices to share content and annotate the presentation Wireless Presentation System enables sharing over Wi-Fi.
material.
Recording, Switching, and Distribution
Sources Permanent video sources will include PCs, tuners,
Any connected video source may be recorded by the SMP 351
streaming media players, and cameras. Presentation
support from a personal device is also required. streaming media processor and saved to internal storage, a USB
device, or the network. The matrix switcher can route any video input
Display Two large projection systems will serve as the primary to one or both ISS 608 seamless switchers, feeding the main displays
Requirements displays. A touchscreen annotation display and a
and the SMP 351. The seamless switchers provide effects, including
confidence monitor will support the presenter. The
control booth will include two presentation monitors. transitions, logo keying, and picture-in-picture. Extron HD Pro Plenum
cables connect the projectors to the switchers.
Audio High quality audio is required for an engaging
Requirements audience experience at each seat. The control booth
Audio System
will include speakers to monitor presentation audio.
An Extron DMP 128 FlexPlus C AT manages audio processing for the
Control The booth operator will have complete control of the sources and the ceiling microphone array connected over Dante. It
Requirements AV system. The presenter must have basic system
also provides USB audio for the PC running a soft codec. An Extron
controls when an operator is not available.
XPA U 1004-70V four-channel power amplifier drives Extron FF 120T
and Extron SF 3C LP speakers.
System Design Solution
Control System
Display Systems An Extron IPCP Pro 550 xi Control Processor manages system
Each projector is fed by an Extron ISS 608 True Seamless 4K/60 functions, including audio and video switching, recording control,
Switcher to provide optimal image quality and professional switching audio processing, and display power. Two Extron TLP Pro 1725TG
effects. The confidence and control booth monitors are fed by 17” Tabletop TouchLink Touchpanels located in the control booth
an XTP II CrossPoint 3200 Modular Matrix Switcher. The lectern provide access to all system functions. The TLI Pro 201 4K enables
touchscreen is fed by an Extron TLI Pro 201 4K TouchLink Interface. the lectern-mounted touchpanel to control the AV system.

­76 Extron Digital Design Guide

 Extron
FF 120T
Full-Range Flat
Zone 1 Audio Field Speakers Zone 2 Audio
Extron Extron
HD Pro P/200 HD Pro P/200
Optical HDMI Cable Optical HDMI Cable
4K Projector Ceiling Mic Array
(8 mic channels)
4K Projector

Ethernet

HDMI HDMI

SDI Camera SDI Cameras SDI Camera

SDI
PROGRAM EFFECTS PRESETS ADJUST PROGRAM EFFECTS PRESETS ADJUST Extron
ISS 608
MUTE FREEZE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DISSOLVE CUT RECALL
SAVE
SIZE MUTE FREEZE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 DISSOLVE CUT RECALL
SAVE
SIZE

WIPE VIDEO ENTER POSITION WIPE VIDEO ENTER POSITION

KEY KEY
ADJUST ADJUST

4K/60 Seamless
PREVIEW PREVIEW

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CONFIG CONFIG
MUTE FREEZE PIP LOGO TAKE MENU NEXT MUTE FREEZE PIP LOGO TAKE MENU NEXT

Switcher
TAKE TAKE

ISS 608 ISS 608

INTEGRATION SEAMLESS SWITCHER INTEGRATION SEAMLESS SWITCHER

SDI Extron
ISS 608 HDMI HDMI
4K/60 Seamless Switcher Booth
SDI SDI
Extron
SF 3C LP LAN
HDMI Ceiling Speakers
1 2 3 4
WiFi

Rack Mounted
Computers
MODEL 80
1 2 3 4

HDMI
Extron
WiFi

Extron TLP Pro 1725TG

TV Tuner (x4) 17" TouchLink Pro
PUSH PUSH
FLAT PANEL

POWER GUIDE MENU RES 480 480p 720p 1080i 1080p DIREC
TV HD

HD Pro P/25 Monitor 1

SELECT
DIRECTV

Touchpanels
Extron Optical HDMI MODEL 80
Ethernet
ShareLink Pro 1100
INPUTS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Cable
Wired and Wireless POWER
12V
INPUT OUTPUT CONTACT / TALLY OUTPUT

L AUDIO R
COM LAN

HDMI 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
HDMI
Presentation System
2.2A MAX 1 2 3 4 RS-232 RESET

HDMI HDMI/CEC C T C T C T C T G +V Tx Rx G A/PoE+ B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 CONTROL I/O

ENTER PRESET VIEW ESC VIDEO AUDIO

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Extron
CONFIG
1 3

OUTPUTS
FLAT PANEL
2 4
POWER

Facility/Room Ethernet HD Pro P/25 Monitor 2

Wireless Access Point
Ethernet
Extron
LAN Extron MODEL 80

XTP II CrossPoint 3200

POWER INPUT OUTPUT SMD 202
12V

SMD 202
SD
OUTPUT

--A MAX AUDIO AUDIO IR IN RS-232

INPUT

USB L R L R RESET

HDMI HDMI S G Tx Rx G

Ethernet
LAN

H.264 Streaming Media Ethernet Modular Matrix Switcher

HDMI Presenter
Player and Decoder XTP CROSSPOINT 3200

Confidence
XTP SERIES DIGITAL MATRIX SWITCHER

Extron FLAT PANEL

Monitor
Podium CONTACT TALLY OUT RS-232

HD Pro P/100
REMOTE

R
XTP T USW 103 4K

Optical HDMI Cable

INPUTS 1 2 3 G 1 2 3 +V Tx Rx G
SIG LINK
POWER 1 2 3 OVER XTP
12V
--A MAX AUDIO RS-232 IR

RGB HDMI DISPLAYPORT HDMI OUT XTP OUT LAN Tx Rx G Tx Rx

LAN

HDMI Extron
AUDIO IN

Extron
100-240VAC ~ -- A MAX
DSC HD-HD 4K Plus A xi

INPUT OUTPUT L R LAN REMOTE

DSC HD-HD 4K PLUS A xi

A B A B L R

XTP T USW 103 4K

RS -232 RESET

HDMI HDMI Tx Rx G
50-60 Hz
AUDIO OUT

Transmitter Extron CATx 4K/60 Scaler

Laptop Cable
XTP SR HD 4K HDMI HDMI
Ethernet
Mic Scaling Receiver
POWER
12V
1.0A MAX
SIG LINK OVER XTP

RS-232 IR
AUDIO
ON
AUDIO
L R
OUTPUTS RELAYS
1 2
REMOTE

RS-232 RESET
Audio CHANNEL A

1 2
AUDIO
L R LAYOUT
PRESET MENU
ADJUST

I/O
1
SMP 300 SERIES
STREAMING MEDIA PROCESSOR

MODEL 80

CHANNEL B 2

3 4 5
OFF
USB STORAGE
XTP IN LAN
Tx Rx G Tx Rx HDMI S/PDIF Tx Rx G
CONFIG MARK SWAP NEXT 3

Extron Extron
FLAT PANEL
TLI Pro 201 SMP 351
22” Touch HDMI 4K TouchLink Interface Audio Streaming Media
Display Processor
INPUT OUTPUT DEVICE LAN/PoE+

USB

LAN
Ethernet Extron
XPA U 1004-70V
Audio 70V Amplifier
Extron
1 2 3 4 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
INPUTS

OUTS

G OFF
I/O

IN G O IN G O

POWER USB AUD HPF

12V

DMP 128 FlexPlus C V AT

CLASS 2 WIRING
LAN/VoIP
DMP EXP

2.0A MAX RS-232

REMOTE

Extron
R 12 10 8 12 10 8 12 10 8 12 10 8 1 2 3 4 STANDBY 1 2 3 4
ACP
AT

LIMITER/ 14 6 14 6 14 6 14 6 G
PROTECT
18 4 4 4 4

Auxiliary Inputs
26 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
1 (PRI) 2 (SEC) +V +S -S G Tx Rx G 1 2
C V AT 100-240V 0.8A, 50-60Hz
1 2 3 4
∞1 0 ∞2 0 ∞3 0 ∞4 0

XPA U 1004-70V SIGNAL

ATTENUATION INPUTS REMOTE 70V OUTPUTS

DSC HD-HD Audio Processor

4K PLUS A xi
PWR HDCP HDMI VGA

AUDIO IN
PWR HDCP HDMI VGA

AUDIO IN
PWR HDCP HDMI VGA

AUDIO IN 4K/60 Scaler Ethernet

HDMI IN HDMI IN HDMI IN

VGA IN VGA IN VGA IN

USB Audio
100-240VAC ~ -- A MAX AUDIO IN
LAN LAN LAN
DSC HD-HD 4K Plus A xi

INPUT OUTPUT L R LAN REMOTE

A B A B L R
RS -232 RESET

HDMI HDMI Tx Rx G
50-60 Hz
AUDIO OUT

Extron HDMI
XTP T UWP 202 4K 100-240V ~ 50-60Hz IPCP PRO 550 xi

PC w/ Soft
1 2 1 2 3 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 PWR OUT = 12W

Transmitters
1 2 3 4

+ - + - Tx Rx G Tx Rx G Tx Rx G Tx Rx G RTSCTS S G S G S G S G + V + S -S G
LAN
SWITCHED 12 VDC eBUS
WiFi

Codec
40W MAX TOTAL

3 4 4 5 6 8 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 G

POWER
12V
MIC/LINE LINE LINE MediaPort 300
USB 5A MAX
+ - + -
12 VDC
Tx Rx G Tx Rx G Tx Rx G Tx Rx G RTS CTS
COM
S G S G S G S G
IR/SERIAL RELAYS FLEX I/O

Extron
1 2 1 2
1.5A MAX RESET
HDMI LOOP OUT
USB-C
+48V

INPUT OUTPUT HOST LAN/PoE+

Keyboard/Mouse USB IPCP Pro 550 xi

USB Extron Keyboard/Mouse Ethernet
MediaPort 300 IPCP Pro xi Control
HDMI and Audio to Processor
USB Scaling Bridge
Extron POWER
12V
POWER
12V Extron
OUTPUTS

OUTPUT

1 3
INPUT

1.0A MAX 1.0A MAX

INPUT

USB Extender Plus R 2 4

HOST USB Extender Plus T
Receiver Transmitter LAN

CATx Cable

[Link] 77
Medical Operating Center

Overview Two displays within each observation room are driven by Extron
A major teaching hospital medical campus has operating rooms requiring AV NAV 10SD 101 10G Pro AV over IP Scaling Decoders.
distribution of camera and endoscope video to observation rooms and for
archive. The capability to share operations live and hear the surgeon narrate
the procedure without compromising the sterile environment is an extremely
Sources and Connectivity
important asset to educating new physicians. System flexibility is vital to Each operating room's overhead and endoscopic cameras feed an
accommodate expansion as the facility constructs new wings and buildings. Extron NAV 10E 101 encoder to stream video over a 10G Ethernet
network.
Needs Assessment
Recording System
Staffing Surgeons performing medical procedures will require
minimal interaction with the system and need their A multi-channel medical-grade recorder provided by the end user is
spoken commentary recorded. Hospital staff will set the driven by an Extron NAV 10SD 101 decoder that scales the video
recording schedule and control access. to match its 1080p input resolution. An Extron DMP 64 Plus C AT
processor connected over Dante provides the audio input. The
Sources Each operating room will have overhead and
endoscope cameras. A ceiling microphone will capture recorder is controllable via LAN.
the surgeon’s comments.
Switching and Signal Distribution
Display Observation rooms will be equipped for monitoring All NAV encoders and decoders are connected to a 10G Ethernet
Requirements surgeries. Doctors need instantaneous visual feedback
on their surgical actions, with minimal system latency. switch. Video signal routing is controlled by an Extron NAVigator Pro
AV over IP System Manager connected to provide secure, centralized
Audio In observation rooms, and especially on recordings, control of all NAV endpoints. Video signals are distributed over
Requirements surgeon commentary must be clearly intelligible 10G Ethernet. Audio signals are distributed over a separate Dante
above any ambient and mechanical noises. network. All network connections to operating rooms are over fiber,
as required by the end user.
Control Hospital personnel require routing control of
Requirements operating room video to the observation rooms and Audio System
the recorder. Control should include audio volume
adjustment and scheduling of recordings. The DMP 64 Plus C AT routes audio via Dante to Extron
NetPA U 1002-70V amplifiers that drive Extron SM 26T speakers at
each observation room.

System Design Solution Control System

An Extron IPCP Pro 255Q xi Control Processor manages system
Display Systems functions, including audio and video routing, audio processing,
Each operating room has a local monitor driven by an Extron recording, and scheduling. Hospital staff operate the system from a
NAV 10E 101 10G Pro AV over IP Encoder loop-through output, control room using an Extron TLP Pro 1025T 10” Table TouchLink Pro
adding no perceivable latency as required by the end user. Touchpanel with a custom GUI.

­78 Extron Digital Design Guide

 Extron
NetPA U 1002-70V
Two Channel Power Amplifier
1 2 3 4 1 2 STANDBY
Tx Rx G G
R
LINK

RS-232
MIC/LINE INPUTS LINE OUTPUTS REMOTE CONFIG AT
LIMITER/PROTECT 1 2

CLASS 2
WIRING
Ethernet
SIGNAL
1 2
100-240V --A, 50-60Hz
NetPA U 1002-70V 70V OUTPUTS

Ethernet
Audio

Observation Room Observation Room 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4

INPUTS

OUTS
I/O
IN G O IN G O IN G O IN G O IN G O IN G O

Audio POWER
12V
USB AUD

DMP EXP

REMOTE
2.0A MAX RS-232 R

ACP
AT
1 (PRI) PoE+ 2 (SEC) +V +S -S G Tx Rx G LAN C AT

8Ω

70
8Ω

70
8Ω

70
8Ω

70
Extron
DMP 64 Plus C AT
100 100 100 100

8Ω 8Ω 8Ω 8Ω

6x4 ProDSP Digital

Extron Extron Matrix Processor
SM 26T SM 26T
Surface Mount Speakers Surface Mount Speakers

Audio

Monitor Monitor Monitor Monitor

HDMI RS-232 HDMI RS-232 HDMI RS-232 HDMI RS-232
Multi-channel
Medical
POWER
12V
--A MAX
OUTPUT
L
AUDIO
R
CONTROL
RS-232 IR
LAN NAV 10SD 101
RESET
POWER
12V
--A MAX
OUTPUT
L
AUDIO
R
CONTROL
RS-232 IR
LAN NAV 10SD 101
RESET
POWER
12V
--A MAX
OUTPUT
L
AUDIO
R
CONTROL
RS-232 IR
LAN NAV 10SD 101
RESET
POWER
12V
--A MAX
OUTPUT
L
AUDIO
R
CONTROL
RS-232 IR
LAN NAV 10SD 101
RESET
Recorder
HDMI Tx Rx G S G NAV 10G HDMI Tx Rx G S G NAV 10G HDMI Tx Rx G S G NAV 10G HDMI Tx Rx G S G NAV 10G

MENU

Extron Extron Extron Extron ENTER

NEW
FOLDER
CLOSE
FOLDER
CAPTURE REC PAUSE EJECT

NAV 10SD 101 NAV 10SD 101 NAV 10SD 101 NAV 10SD 101 LAN
BACK

PLAY STOP
USB 1 USB 2 SERVER HDD BD/DVD

Ethernet
10G Scaling 10G Scaling 10G Scaling 10G Scaling
Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder
HDMI

POWER OUTPUT CONTROL LAN NAV 10SD 101

12V AUDIO
--A MAX L R RS-232 IR RESET

HDMI Tx Rx G S G NAV 10G

NAV NAV NAV Extron

NAV 10SD 101
NAV 10G Scaling
Decoder

NAV

Extron HDMI
LAN
TLP Pro 1025T
10” Tabletop Touchlink
POWER OUTPUT CONTROL LAN NAV 10SD 101
12V AUDIO
--A MAX L R RS-232 IR RESET

HDMI Tx Rx G S G NAV 10G

Pro Touchpanel
Extron
NAV 10SD 101
Extron 10G Scaling
Ethernet
Decoder
COM 1 COM 2 DIGITAL I/O

IPCP Pro 255Q xi NAV

LAN
Tx Rx G RTS CTS Tx Rx G 1 2 3 4 G

POWER VOL RELAYS eBUS IR/S

12V
1.0A MAX V C G 1 2 C + V + S -S G AV

IPCP Pro xi Quad Core

LAN

PWR OUT = 6W S G

Control Processor Ethernet

Extron 10 Gbps Ethernet Switch

NAVigator POWER
12V
NAVigator

Pro AV Over IP
- - A MAX RESET
LAN

OOB NAV/PoE

System Manager Ethernet

Operating Room Operating Room Operating Room

1 Channel 1 Channel 1 Channel

Ceiling Mic Ethernet Ceiling Mic Ethernet Ceiling Mic Ethernet

Monitor Monitor Monitor

NAV NAV NAV

HDMI RS-232 HDMI RS-232 HDMI RS-232

HDMI HDMI HDMI

POWER INPUT CONTROL LAN NAV 10E 101 POWER INPUT CONTROL LAN NAV 10E 101 POWER INPUT CONTROL LAN NAV 10E 101
12V AUDIO 12V AUDIO 12V AUDIO
+ CAMERA IN
--A MAX L R CONT RS-232 IR RESET + CAMERA IN
--A MAX L R CONT RS-232 IR RESET + CAMERA IN
--A MAX L R CONT RS-232 IR RESET

MENU MENU MENU

HDMI LOOP THRU C T Tx Rx G S G NAV 10G HDMI LOOP THRU C T Tx Rx G S G NAV 10G HDMI LOOP THRU C T Tx Rx G S G NAV 10G
– – –

Endoscope
Extron Endoscope
Extron Endoscope
Extron
Camera NAV 10E 101 Camera NAV 10E 101 Camera NAV 10E 101
10G Encoder - HDMI 10G Encoder - HDMI 10G Encoder - HDMI
HDMI HDMI HDMI
POWER INPUT CONTROL LAN NAV 10E 101 POWER INPUT CONTROL LAN NAV 10E 101 POWER INPUT CONTROL LAN NAV 10E 101
12V AUDIO 12V AUDIO 12V AUDIO
--A MAX L R CONT RS-232 IR RESET --A MAX L R CONT RS-232 IR RESET --A MAX L R CONT RS-232 IR RESET

HDMI LOOP THRU C T Tx Rx G S G NAV 10G HDMI LOOP THRU C T Tx Rx G S G NAV 10G HDMI LOOP THRU C T Tx Rx G S G NAV 10G

POWER STANDBY

Extron POWER STANDBY

Extron POWER STANDBY

Extron
Overhead Overhead Overhead
Camera NAV 10E 101 Camera NAV 10E 101 Camera NAV 10E 101
10G Encoder - HDMI 10G Encoder - HDMI 10G Encoder - HDMI

[Link] 79
Corporate Lobby Videowall

Overview
A leading financial institution requires an eye-catching display system for the
System Design Solution
lobby of a landmark building. Content reflects city-centric art and history united
Videowall Processing
with concepts and ideals representing the future. The system must support
high-resolution video and presentation of a single source over the entire An Extron Quantum Ultra II 610 4K/60 Videowall Processor manages
canvas, plus windowing and seamless switching of multiple sources. windowing and source selection in conjunction with the control
system. The processor supports the required custom 2048x1152
Needs Assessment output resolution and provides presets based on user-defined
Staffing A reception administrator will perform day-to-day
selections. Its modular architecture accommodates all currently
operations. AV staff members will configure content and required video inputs and outputs and allows future expansion.
manage the presentation for special events.
Signal Distribution
Sources The system rack will contain a digital signage PC to All rack mounted sources including PC, tuners, media players, and
provide high resolution corporate content, eight TV
streaming decoders are connected to the Quantum Ultra II via HDMI.
tuner/satellite receivers for broadcast programming,
six mixed media players, and two streaming media The reception desk PC is connected to the Quantum Ultra II through
decoders for network content. A PC at the reception an Extron DTP3 T 202 and DTP3 R 201 extender pair. All video
desk will be available for guests and special events. switching is performed internally by the Quantum Ultra II, which drives
the LED controllers.
Display A custom modular LED display with a total resolution
Requirements of 4096x2304 will be composed of four 2048x1152 Audio System
quadrants. Each quadrant will be driven by a dedicated
controller that requires specialized video timing. The sound system consists of an Extron DMP 64 Plus C AT audio
processor, and an Extron XPA U 1002-70V Two Channel Amplifier
Audio The system must support high quality audio powering two speaker types to complement the various ceiling
Requirements playback of all system sources, including laptop and heights in the space. One amplifier channel drives four Extron
microphone connections at the reception desk. SF 26CT distributed ceiling speakers and the other channel drives
four Extron SF 26PT pendant speakers in the entry points and
Control Ease of use is a primary concern, as the system reception area. The DMP 64 Plus C AT manages program audio and
Requirements is to be controlled by non-technical personnel.
A simple touchpanel interface will be needed for
routes audio mixes to the amplifier output. DSP capabilities include
selection of window layout presets and source AEC and auto-mixing for local microphone connection via Dante to an
selection within each preset. Extron AXI 22 AT D Dante Audio Interface.

Control System
System control is facilitated by an Extron TLP Pro 1725TG 17”
TouchLink Pro touchpanel and an Extron IPL Pro IRS8 Control
Processor. The touchpanel provides an easy-to-navigate interface,
allowing a non-technical operator to select from preset window
configurations and select sources within each preset.
­80 Extron Digital Design Guide
 Art on Display
Welcomes You

Custom LED Display

Extron
TLP Pro 1725TG
17" TouchLink Pro
Touchpanel

LED Display Processor

HDMI

Extron
LOCK Quantum Ultra II 610
Ethernet
Ultra-high Bandwidth
4K/60 Videowall Processor
OPEN

LAN
LAN
Ethernet

Extron
IPL Pro IRS8 Ethernet
IP Link Pro Control
STATUS
PRIMARY POWER
Processor
REDUNDANT POWER
FRONT FAN
REAR FANS IPL PRO IRS8

QUANTUM ULTRA II 610

POWER
VIDEOWALL PROCESSOR 12V IR/SERIAL
--A MAX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

S G S G S G S G S G S G S G S G LAN / PoE

HDMI HDMI HDMI

PUSH PUSH

POWER GUIDE MENU RES 480 480p 720p 1080i 1080p DIREC
TV HD
SELECT
DIRECTV

IR Control
Media Player Cable TV Tuner
PUSH PUSH

POWER GUIDE MENU RES 480 480p 720p 1080i 1080p DIREC
TV HD
SELECT
DIRECTV

Cable TV Tuner IR Control

Media Player PUSH PUSH

POWER GUIDE MENU RES 480 480p 720p 1080i 1080p DIREC
TV HD
SELECT
DIRECTV

IR Control
Cable TV Tuner
Media Player PUSH

POWER GUIDE MENU

SELECT
RES 480 480p 720p 1080i 1080p DIREC
TV HD
PUSH

DIRECTV

Extron Cable TV Tuner IR Control

Media Player DTP3 R 201 PUSH PUSH

Receiver
POWER GUIDE MENU RES 480 480p 720p 1080i 1080p DIREC
TV HD
SELECT
DIRECTV

IR Control
POWER HDMI
12V
1.5A MAX
SIG LINK

Amphenol
OVER
DTP3
RS-232
L R
Cable TV Tuner
Media Player
PUSH PUSH

OUTPUT DTP3 IN Tx Rx G AUDIO OUT

POWER GUIDE MENU RES 480 480p 720p 1080i 1080p DIREC
TV HD
SELECT
DIRECTV

IR Control
Cable TV Tuner
PUSH PUSH

Media Player
POWER GUIDE MENU RES 480 480p 720p 1080i 1080p DIREC
TV HD
SELECT
DIRECTV

IR Control
Cable TV Tuner
Ethernet
PUSH PUSH

POWER GUIDE MENU RES 480 480p 720p 1080i 1080p DIREC
TV HD

POWER INPUT OUTPUT SMD 202 DIRECTV

SELECT

12V SD
OUTPUT

--A MAX AUDIO AUDIO IR IN RS-232

INPUT

USB L R L R RESET

IR Control
Cable TV Tuner
HDMI HDMI S G Tx Rx G
LAN

LAN
Ethernet POWER
12V SD
INPUT OUTPUT SMD 202
OUTPUT

--A MAX AUDIO AUDIO IR IN RS-232

INPUT

USB L R L R RESET

HDMI HDMI S G Tx Rx G
LAN
100-240VAC ~ -- A MAX AUDIO IN

Extron
DSC HD-HD 4K Plus A xi

INPUT OUTPUT L R LAN REMOTE

A B A B L R

SMD 202
RS -232 RESET

CATx Cable
HDMI HDMI Tx Rx G
50-60 Hz
AUDIO OUT

H.264 Streaming Media

Player and Decoder Extron Extron
DTP3 T 202 DSC HD-HD PLUS 4K A xi HDMI
Digital
Transmitter 4K/60 Scaler Signage PC
SIG LINK
POWER HDMI HDMI OVER
12V TP
1.5A MAX RS-232
Amphenol

LOOP OUT INPUT OUT Tx Rx G

HDMI
Lobby PC

[Link] 81
Open Space Meeting Area

Overview
A large office building has open meeting spaces intended for informal
System Design Solution
meetings, discussions, and collaboration. Users expect to share content from
Sources and Connectivity
their personal devices on a larger display with minimal AV system interaction.
The company plans to show corporate messages on the displays when they Smartphones, tablets, and laptops connect to the system over Wi-Fi
are not used for meetings. access points using the Extron ShareLink® Pro Presentation App. It
enables simultaneous display of up to four pieces of content from
any connected user, including screen mirroring. An Extron SMD 202
Needs Assessment
Streaming Media Decoder can play back locally stored media files
Staffing Employees and guests will use a wireless system to
share content from smartphones, tablets, or laptops.
and decode live streams.

Switching System
Sources Video from personal devices and digital signage need An Extron ShareLink Pro 1100 Wired and Wireless Presentation
to be displayed at high image quality.
System drives the display via HDMI. Its dual Gigabit Ethernet ports
Display A large display is required for each open meeting area. securely separate internal private networks from the external guest
Requirements network. The ShareLink Pro 1100 switches between network-
connected content from users and HDMI from the SMD 202.
Control Users initiate screen sharing from their personal
Requirements devices and expect that no additional interaction Control System
with the system is necessary. Displays must show
corporate messaging when meetings are not in This system is managed over the network, controlling the switchover
session and be turned off after hours. to display digital signage when meetings are finished, managing
the digital signage content, and scheduling power to the displays
according to office hours.

­82 Extron Digital Design Guide

 MODEL 80

FLAT PANEL

4K Display

4K Media Player

HDMI HDMI RS-232 Corporate

Ethernet LAN
Facility/Room
Wireless Access Point

POWER INPUT OUTPUT CONTACT / TALLY OUTPUT COM LAN

12V
2.2A MAX 1 2 3 4 L AUDIO R RS-232 RESET

HDMI HDMI/CEC C T C T C T C T G +V Tx Rx G A/PoE+ B Ethernet

Extron
ShareLink Pro 1100
Wired and Wireless
Presentation System

Tablet Laptop

Laptop
(Wireless)

[Link] 83
Meeting Room with Video Conference System

Overview Sources and Connectivity

The organization requires highly functional rooms with excellent audio and
video quality for videoconferencing and local meetings. Users expect be able The PC and a USB camera are installed permanently. Users may
to easily share content from their personal devices and initiate video meetings also bring in personal devices, such as laptops, phones, and
with remotely located personnel. tablets. Devices with Wi-Fi capability may connect to an Extron
ShareLink Pro 1100 Wireless Presentation System. Devices with
HDMI, DisplayPort, or VGA outputs may connect to the system via an
Needs Assessment
Extron Cable Cubby 1202 Cable Access Enclosure.
Staffing Meeting participants can use the room for local
meetings and videoconferencing.
Switching System
Sources A PC running VC software will be installed permanently. The IN1804 DI manages video switching for users’ personal devices.
To share content, users can use personal devices such
The display switches over to the resident PC for videoconferencing. A
as phones, tablets and laptops.
Logitech Screen Share converts the IN1804 DI video output to USB
Display A large display will be installed within the room. for the resident PC so that content from a user device can be shared
Requirements during videoconferencing.
Audio The organization requires consistent audio quality
Requirements that is better than the quality from personal devices.
Signal Distribution
User devices connected by standard video cables are fed into an
Control Meeting room functions must be simple and Extron DTP2 T 203 three input 4K/60 switching transmitter. It is
Requirements intuitive to use. The organization requires meeting
connected to the IN1804 DI by a twisted pair cable.
rooms to be managed from a secure network
environment.
Audio System
An Extron SB 33 A Adjustable Width Sound Bar provides enhanced
audio for videoconferencing and local meetings. A USB table
microphone is connected to the resident PC.
System Design Solution
Control System
Display System An Extron IPCP Pro 255Q xi IPLink Pro Quad Core Control Processor
The 4K display has one HDMI input driven by the resident PC and works in conjunction with an Extron TLP Pro 1025T 10” Tabletop
another HDMI input driven by an Extron IN1804 DI 4K/60 Seamless Touchpanel to enable all room functions to be selected via a simple
Scaling Switcher that converts video sources to match the monitor’s user interface. The IPCP Pro 255Q xi has dual Ethernet ports to
native resolution. This optimizes image quality and switch speed. isolate AV devices from the corporate network.

­84 Extron Digital Design Guide

 MODEL 80

FLAT PANEL

Extron
SB 33 A
Adjustable Width Sound Bar
LAN

USB Camera Audio Ethernet HDMI RS-232

PC w/
Soft Codec
Ethernet
LAN
USB Mic
Facility/Room Logitech Audio HDMI
Audio
Wireless Access Point Screen Share

AV LAN Ethernet
Extron HDMI
AV LAN
Ethernet/PoE
IN1804 DI
Extron 4K/60 Seamless Scaling Switcher
ShareLink Pro 1100 100-240V ~ --A MAX
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 L IN R L OUT R
CONTACT

RS-232
REMOTE

RESET
/TALLY

AUDIO

LAN

Wired and Wireless Presentation System

C T C T C T C T C T C T C T G V+ Tx Rx G

POWER INPUT OUTPUT CONTACT / TALLY OUTPUT COM LAN OVER TP

SIG LINK Ethernet
OUTPUTS
INPUTS

12V IR
2.2A MAX 1 2 3 4 L AUDIO R RS-232 RESET 1 2 3 4 1A 1B

Tx Rx G
DP HDMI HDMI IN HDMI/CEC HDMI/CEC
HDMI HDMI/CEC C T C T C T C T G +V Tx Rx G A/PoE+ B 50-60 Hz

HDMI
Extron CATx Cable
DTP2 T 203
Transmitter
COM 1 COM 2 DIGITAL I/O

LAN
POWER INPUTS SIG LINK REMOTE LAN
SEND OVER TP
12V POWER HDBT
AUDIO 1 2 3 LAN
--A MAX RS-232 IR CONTACT IN TALLY OUT RS-232 Tx Rx G RTS CTS Tx Rx G 1 2 3 4 G

POWER VOL RELAYS eBUS IR/S

Ethernet
12V
1.0A MAX V C G 1 2 C +V +S -S G AV
HDMI HDMI DP OFF DTP Tx Rx G Tx Rx 1 2 3 G 1 2 3 +V Tx Rx G LAN
OUT
PWR OUT = 6W S G

Extron
Ethernet IPCP Pro 255Q xi
Audio HDMI HDMI DisplayPort IPCP Pro xi Quad Core
Control Processor
AV LAN
Ethernet
ON/OFF SHARELINK
AV LAN
PRESS

PRESS
ON/OFF

USB CHARGER

Ethernet
Extron
PRESS

PRESS

Cable Cubby 1202

125 VAC. 50-60 Hz 12A MAX

Cable Access Enclosure

Extron
Tablet TLP Pro 1025T
HDMI DisplayPort 10" Tabletop
TouchLink Pro
Touchpanel

Laptops
Table
Mic

[Link] 85
Basic Meeting Room

Overview
Corporate management is looking for a cost effective solution to equip
System Design Solution
meeting rooms with technology that is easy to use and manage. Users expect
Display System
to share content from their personal devices on a larger display and with
minimal AV system interaction. The company prioritizes minimizing operating The receiver of an Extron HC 404 Meeting Space Collaboration
costs with regards to energy usage and support personnel requirements. System is installed behind the display and connected over HDMI
cable. The video scaler built into the HC 404 converts video sources
Needs Assessment to 1080p for consistent image quality and reliable video switching
performance.
Staffing Employees and guests will use the system to share
content wirelessly and by connecting video cables.
Sources and Connectivity
Sources Personal devices such as smartphones, tablets, or An Extron Cable Cubby 500 Cable Access Enclosure is installed
laptops can be connected to the system. at the conference table. Extron Show Me cables connect devices
to the HC 404 transmitter located under the table. This transmitter
Display Each meeting room will be equipped with a large is connected to the receiver over a single twisted pair CATx cable.
Requirements display. For wireless connection, an Extron ShareLink Pro 1100 Wireless
Collaboration System is connected to the HC 404 receiver via HDMI
Audio Audio will be played through display speakers to
for users on the Wi-Fi network.
Requirements minimize cost.
Switching System
Control Users will experience simple and intuitive system
A user connecting by wire can select their device using the share
Requirements operation. Interaction with the in-room equipment button on a Show Me cable. When no users are connected by cable,
will be minimal. Company management expects the system automatically switches to wireless sharing.
that the display will be powered on only for
meetings. Control System
The HC 404 has built-in system control processing capabilities
to manage video source switching and display power. An Extron
OCS 100C ceiling-mounted occupancy sensor is connected to the
HC 404 receiver's Digital I/O port. It enables the display to turn on
when users arrive and turn it off when all have left the room.

­86 Extron Digital Design Guide

 Extron
OCS 100C
Occupancy
Sensor

Display
MODEL 80

FLAT PANEL

Facility/Room
Wireless Access Point

Corporate
Ethernet LAN

HDMI RS-232 Digital I/O

Extron Extron
ShareLink Pro 1100
Wired and Wireless
Ethernet
HC 404
Presentation System Receiver
POWER INPUT OUTPUT CONTACT / TALLY OUTPUT COM LAN POWER INPUTS SIG LINK OUTPUTS COM IR DIGITAL I/O HCR 102
12V
TP
12V AUDIO
2.2A MAX 1 2 3 4 L AUDIO R RS-232 RESET 2.0A MAX 1 L R

HDMI HDMI/CEC C T C T C T C T G +V Tx Rx G HDMI HDMI/CEC + - + - Tx Rx G S G 1 2 G 3 4 G

A/PoE+ B IN LAN

HDMI
Extron
HC 404
Transmitter CATx Cable
POWER INPUTS SIG LINK REMOTE
12V 2 3 4
0.5A MAX HCT 103
CONTACT TALLY

AUDIO RGB HDMI HDMI 2 3 4 G 2 3 4 +V

OUT

VGA HDMI

Tablet Extron
Extron
Retractor Show Me HDMI Cable Cubby 500
HDMI Show Me Cable Cable Access Enclosure
PRESS
SHARE

HDMI
Extron
125 VAC. 50-60 Hz 12A MAX

Retractor Show Me VGA

ERAHS
USB CHARGER
PRESS

VGA Show Me Cable HDMI

Extron
Retractor Show Me HDMI
SHARE

PRESS

HDMI Show Me Cable

Laptop Laptop

[Link] 87
Huddle Room with Video Conference System

Overview
A corporate campus has a collection of huddle rooms intended for meetings
System Design Solution
and impromptu discussions. Employees and guests show content on
Display System
the display by connecting wirelessly or via HDMI cable. For consistent
videoconferencing quality, each huddle room is equipped with a USB camera A large display is driven by an Extron ShareLink Pro 1100 Wired
to be connected to a user’s laptop. and Wireless Presentation System with 4K video resolution support.
It provides optimized image quality when sharing content from
connected devices.
Needs Assessment
Staffing Users will share content from personal devices for local
Sources and Connectivity
meetings and videoconferencing.
Personal devices with Wi-Fi can be displayed on screen after
establishing a wireless connection with the ShareLink Pro 1100.
Sources A USB camera will be available for connecting a laptop
running videoconferencing software. User content
Devices may also connect over HDMI cable. For videoconferencing,
may originate from smartphones, laptops, or tablets a laptop is connected to the display via HDMI and to the resident
connected via HDMI or Wi-Fi. camera via USB.
Display Each huddle room will be equipped with a large display.
Requirements Switching System
The ShareLink Pro 1100 switches between wireless and HDMI video
Audio Personal devices will perform all audio processing for sources.
Requirements videoconferencing.
Control System
Control Users will select between laptop and wireless A button at an Extron Cable Cubby 100 USB Cable Access Enclosure
Requirements sharing by pressing a button. Display power control installed at the table is connected to a contact closure port on the
will be automatic. ShareLink Pro 1100 to enable users to select between wireless and
HDMI devices. An Extron OCS 100C ceiling-mounted occupancy
sensor is connected to another contact closure port, allowing the
ShareLink Pro 1100 to turn the display on or off, according to the
presence of users in the room.

­88 Extron Digital Design Guide

 Extron
OCS 100C
Occupancy
Sensor

MODEL 80

FLAT PANEL

Display

Digital I/O HDMI/CEC USB Camera

with Mic

Facility/Room
Wireless Access Point

Corporate
Ethernet LAN

Ethernet/PoE

Extron INPUT OUTPUT CONTACT / TALLY OUTPUT COM LAN

ShareLink Pro 1100

POWER
POWER INPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT LAN
12V12V
2.2A MAX
--A MAX 1 2 3 4 L L AUDIO R
AUDIO
R RS-232 RESET RESET

Wired and Wireless

Presentation System HDMI
HDMI HDMI/CEC
HDMI/CEC C T C T C T C T G +V Tx Rx G PoE+ A/PoE+ B

HDMI USB
Button Contact

Extron
USB CHARGER
Cable Cubby 100 USB
Cable Access Enclosures for AV
Connectivity with Switch Kit

Tablet

SHARE

HDMI USB
ShowMe

Laptop

[Link] 89
Scalable AV Distribution

Overview
A school wants to create flexible learning spaces throughout the campus,
System Design Solution
using a standardized AV system that accommodates a variety of room
Switching and Signal Distribution
arrangements and teaching approaches. The school would like to
accommodate overflow situations where additional rooms may be used down NAV® Pro AV over IP Series is used to distribute and switch ultra-low
the hall or across campus. The AV system should support a variety of sources, latency, video, audio, and control signals over the school’s existing
enable flexible content distribution, and be simple to operate. The system 1 Gbps network. The selected content is input to a NAV encoder
should also be able to present content from shared, centralized sources and the loop-thru passes HDMI to a local display. It simultaneously
such as a cable receiver and view live streaming video messages from the streams AV and control signals over the IP network to the desired
administrative office, such as messages from the department head or dean. secondary and primary stands equipped with a NAV SD 101, and to
overflow rooms equipped with NAV SD 511 decoders.
Needs Assessment
Displays and Connectivity
Staffing Instructors will use the primary AV stands for
teaching, utilizing the control system to manage Primary AV stands originate content from an HDMI input or the
content distribution among secondary stands ShareLink Pro 1100 with Miracast that is used to share wireless BYOD
and overflow rooms as needed. Administrative content. This can be viewed locally on the primary stand display
staff can selectively access all stands to send through the NAV E 101 HDMI loop-thru and distributed over multicast
content from shared centralized sources.
IP to all other primary and secondary stands, and overflow rooms
Sources System shall support wired HDMI sources, throughout campus. Additional resources, such as a cable TV tuner
such as a PC, as well as a range of BYOD and camera connected to NAV E 101 encoders may also be shared.
devices for content sharing and collaboration.
It shall also support shared sources such as a Audio System
cable box and camera.
NAV SD 511 decoders in the overflow rooms provide Ethernet
Display Requirements Large, flat panel displays are installed on expansion to NetPA U 1002-70V power amplifiers with DSP that
portable stands throughout teaching spaces to supports NAV AES67 audio streaming. SF 26CT two-way ceiling
support varying room configurations. speakers accurately reproduce audio.
Audio Requirements Audio is to be delivered to the soundbar
mounted on each AV stand and to the overflow Control System
rooms over IP. TLP Pro 725M touchpanels work with the IPCP Pro 255Q xi control
Control Requirements Provide a control system that includes a fully processor and NAVigator in the control room to automate AV system
customizable control interface, for automating functions. Users can select AV sources, adjust the volume, and select
AV system functions and easily accessing secondary stands and overflow rooms. NAV endpoints feature built-in
source selection, volume adjustment, and control, which effectively extends the control system beyond the
display power.
physical location of the control processor. In the administrative office,
Network Requirements The school’s existing 1 Gbps network a TLP Pro 1225TG touchpanel with an HDMI input enables both
infrastructure will be used for content control and confidence monitoring. The NAVigator provides simple,
distribution and system management. intuitive, and secure browser-based management and configuration of
many NAV devices in a single operation.

­90 Extron Digital Design Guide

Primary Stand Secondary Stand Secondary Stand Secondary Stand Secondary Stand
MODEL 80 MODEL 80 MODEL 80 MODEL 80 MODEL 80

FLAT PANEL FLAT PANEL FLAT PANEL FLAT PANEL FLAT PANEL

HDMI RS-232 HDMI RS-232 HDMI RS-232 HDMI RS-232 HDMI RS-232

POWER OUTPUT CONTROL NAV SD 101 POWER OUTPUT CONTROL NAV SD 101 POWER OUTPUT CONTROL NAV SD 101 POWER OUTPUT CONTROL NAV SD 101 POWER OUTPUT CONTROL NAV SD 101
12V 12V 12V 12V 12V
AUDIO AUDIO AUDIO AUDIO AUDIO
- - A MAX
L R RS-232 IR RESET - - A MAX
L R RS-232 IR RESET - - A MAX
L R RS-232 IR RESET - - A MAX
L R RS-232 IR RESET - - A MAX
L R RS-232 IR RESET
LAN

LAN

LAN

LAN

LAN
HDMI Tx Rx G S G NAV 1G/PoE+ HDMI Tx Rx G S G NAV 1G/PoE+ HDMI Tx Rx G S G NAV 1G/PoE+ HDMI Tx Rx G S G NAV 1G/PoE+ HDMI Tx Rx G S G NAV 1G/PoE+

Extron Extron Extron Extron Extron

NAV SD 101 NAV SD 101 NAV SD 101 NAV SD 101 NAV SD 101
1G AV Over IP Scaling Decoder 1G AV Over IP Scaling Decoder 1G AV Over IP Scaling Decoder 1G AV Over IP Scaling Decoder 1G AV Over IP Scaling Decoder
- HDMI - HDMI - HDMI - HDMI - HDMI

POWER INPUT CONTROL NAV E 101

12V
AUDIO
- - A MAX
L R CONT RS-232 IR RESET
LAN

HDMI LOOP THRU C T Tx Rx G S G NAV 1G/PoE+

Extron NAV AVoIP NAV AVoIP NAV AVoIP NAV AVoIP NAV AVoIP
NAV E 101 Copper Ethernet Copper Ethernet Copper Ethernet Copper Ethernet Copper Ethernet
1G Pro AV Over IP Encoder
- HDMI

Extron
ShareLink Pro 1100
Wired and Wireless
Presentation System
POWER INPUT OUTPUT CONTACT / TALLY OUTPUT COM LAN
12V
2.2A MAX 1 2 3 4 L AUDIO R RS-232 RESET

HDMI HDMI/CEC C T C T C T C T G +V Tx Rx G A/PoE+ B

Remote Overflow Room

CATx Cable Audio

Extron Extron
TLP Pro 725M SF 26CT
7" Wall Mount Two-Way
Touchlink Pro Ceiling Speakers
Touchpanel
1G Switch
Extron
1 2 3 4 1 2 STANDBY
Tx Rx G G
R
LINK

NetPA U 1002-70V
RS-232
MIC/LINE INPUTS LINE OUTPUTS REMOTE CONFIG AT
LIMITER/PROTECT 1 2

NAV AVoIP Power Amp

CLASS 2
WIRING
SIGNAL
1 2

Copper Ethernet
100-240V --A, 50-60Hz
NetPA U 1002-70V 70V OUTPUTS
HDMI

A B C
Extron
WPD 110 A Extron
HDMI Pass-Thru NAV SD 511
MODEL 80

1G Switch Pro AVoIP Scaling Decoder - HDMI

POWER OUTPUT CONTROL USB 2.0 LAN NAV SD 511
12V AUDIO
--A MAX L R RS-232 IR RESET

HDMI Tx Rx G S G
5V/200 mA NAV 1G EXT

FLAT PANEL

NAV Optical Ethernet

up to 10 km
NAV Optical Ethernet up to 10 km

Control Room Administrative Office

1G Switch
Extron
TLP Pro 1225TG
12" Tabletop
Touchlink Pro
Touchpanel with HDMI
Extron Extron
TLP Pro 725M NAVigator
7" Wall Mount Pro AV Over IP System Manager
Touchlink Pro POWER
12V
NAVigator Ethernet
- - A MAX RESET

Touchpanel HDMI
LAN

OOB NAV/PoE

Extron POWER
12V
INPUT
AUDIO
CONTROL USB 2.0 LAN NAV E 511

IPCP Pro 255Q xi

--A MAX RESET

Extron
L R CONT RS-232 IR
COM 1 COM 2 DIGITAL I/O

LAN
HDMI LOOP THRU C T Tx Rx G S G NAV 1G EXT

IPCP Pro xi Quad Core

Tx Rx G RTS CTS Tx Rx G 5V/200 mA

NAV E 101
1 2 3 4 G

POWER VOL RELAYS eBUS IR/S

12V
1.0A MAX V C G 1 2 C

Extron
+ V + S -S G AV

Control Processor
LAN

1G Pro AV Over IP Encoder PWR OUT = 6W S G

- HDMI NAV E 511

POWER
12V
- - A MAX
INPUT
L
AUDIO
R
CONTROL
CONT RS-232 IR
NAV E 101
RESET
Pro AVoIP Encoder - HDMI
LAN

HDMI LOOP THRU C T Tx Rx G S G NAV 1G/PoE+

NAV Optical Ethernet up to 10 km

SELECT

PUSH GUIDE MENU RES POWER

CABLE
Receiver

HDMI NAV AVoIP

Cable Receiver RS-232 Copper Ethernet

Monitor

[Link] 91
Museum Exhibit

Overview
This museum exhibit lets visitors select video content for playback on a large
System Design Solution
flat screen display by stepping on a floor-mounted pressure pad.
Display System
The display is fed by an Extron SMD 202 Streaming Media Decoder.
Needs Assessment
Staffing Museum personnel will create the video content, set up, Sources and Connectivity
and maintain the exhibit. Video content files are stored at a media server connected by LAN to
the SMD 202.
Sources A central media server will provide streaming video
content to be decoded at the exhibit. Switching System
A pressure pad with custom graphics is installed on the exhibit floor
Display A large display will be installed at the exhibit. to provide contact closure signals. Presses indicate the selected
Requirements
video content.

Audio High quality audio playback is required but any Audio System
Requirements speakers should not distract from the exhibit’s
aesthetics. An Extron MPA 601-70V 60-watt power amplifier is connected to
the SMD 202 audio output. The amplifier drives an Extron SF 3PT
Control Museum guests will select video content by Pendant Speaker that hangs over the exhibit.
Requirements stepping on designated locations on a custom built
pressure pad.
Control System
The pressure pad sends contact closure signals to an Extron
IPL Pro CR88 Control Processor, which communicates with the
media server over LAN to initiate video content playback.

­92 Extron Digital Design Guide

 Audio

INPUTS TIMER OFF G MPA 601-70V

Extron POWER
L
(SUMMED)
L (SUMMED) R
STANDBY
10V 50mA
70V OUTPUT

MPA 601-70V
12V R
1.3A MAX

Mono 70 V - Amplifier R
V C G CLASS 2 WIRING

60 Watts REMOTE

Extron
SF 3PT
Pendant Speaker

MODEL 80

Audio

FLAT PANEL

LAN LAN

Ethernet HDMI RS-232 Ethernet

Extron
INPUT RELAYS IPL PRO CR88

POWER INPUT OUTPUT SMD 202

12V
IPL Pro CR88
SD
OUTPUT

1 2 3 4 G 1 2 3 4
--A MAX AUDIO AUDIO IR IN RS-232
INPUT

USB L R L R RESET
POWER
12V

IP link Pro Control

--A MAX

HDMI HDMI S G Tx Rx G
Processor 5 6 7 8 G 5 6 7 8 LAN / PoE LAN

Extron
SMD 202
Streaming Media Decoder
& Media Player

LAN

Contact
Ethernet Closure

Museum Media
Content Server

Pressure pad interface for content selection

[Link] 93
Video Game Player Experience Lab

Overview
Switcher, which simultaneously sends video over twisted pair cable to
The gamer experience lab is designed to monitor, record, and live stream
players testing video game software and hardware. Observers can view and the DTP R 211 receiver feeding the MGP 641.
interact with participants during evaluation sessions. The space consists of
two sections, the participant room and the observation area. Sources and Signal Distribution
A gaming console, the ShareLink Pro 500 wireless gateway, and the
Needs Assessment PC send video to the IN1804 over HDMI and DisplayPort. The HDMI
Staffing Observers will monitor and record the participant’s input on the wireless gateway allows another 4K/60 connection from
game display, facial expressions, hand movements, a gaming console. Extron DTP transmitters and receivers extend
and voice during evaluation sessions. They may join video from the cameras to the MGP 641 xi.
in multi-player gameplay with the participant and will
require full control of room audio and video functions.
Switching, Recording, and Streaming
Sources The participant room is equipped with game consoles, The IN1804 and ShareLink Pro 500 supply the video connectivity for
a mobile device, a PC, and an auxiliary video input. the game consoles, PC, and mobile devices. The MGP 641 output
Cameras and microphones are installed for monitoring
video is recorded by an Extron SMP 351 Streaming Media Processor.
and voice communication.
Recordings can be saved to internal solid state storage, a USB
Display The participant room will require a large display for device, or a network location. The SMP 351 streams to YouTube,
Requirements the game software. The observation room requires a Wowza, Twitch, and Facebook Live.
means to monitor the game software display and the
cameras simultaneously.
Audio System
Audio The participant should be able to enjoy game audio, The DTP2 R 211 extracts the gameplay audio to feed an Extron
Requirements speak with the observer, and make comments on
DMP 64 Plus C AT ProDSP Matrix Processor along with the
gameplay. Game audio and spoken interactions will be
monitored, recorded, and live streamed as needed. participant room ceiling microphone and a push to talk microphone
located in the observation room. The combined audio is sent into
Control Multi-player control will be required in both rooms for the SMP 351. The ProDSP processor routes the microphone audio
Requirements console and PC game software. Full AV system control to an Extron XPA 1002‑70V amplifier and SF 26CT Two-Way Ceiling
will be required within the observation room.
Speakers to enable voice communications between the two rooms.

Control System
System Design Solution An Extron USB Plus Matrix Controller and USB Extender Plus
Transmitters and Receivers connect to the console and PC game
Display System controllers over the network, allowing the observer to control the
The large 4K/60 display in the observation room is driven by an games, along with the participant. An Extron IPCP Pro 350 xi Control
Extron MGP 641 xi Multi-Window Processor to show a combined Processor and an Extron TLP Pro 1025T 10” Tabletop TouchLink Pro
layout of cameras and game video. The display in the participant Touchpanel installed at the observation room enable control for all
room is driven by an Extron IN1804 DI/DO 4K/60 Seamless Scaling audio and video system functions using an intuitive graphical interface.
­94 Extron Digital Design Guide
Participant Room Observation Room

Audio
Extron Extron Audio
SF 26CT SF 26CT
70V Ceiling Ceiling Mic 70V Ceiling
Speaker Ethernet
Ethernet Speaker
Audio

RS-232 Extron
RS-232 Extron AUDIO IN

DTP T HWP Audio 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4

G OFF

DTP T HWP

INPUTS

OUTS
I/O
4K 231 D
AUDIO IN HDMI IN IN G O IN G O IN G O IN G O IN G O IN G O
HPF
POWER USB AUD CLASS 2 WIRING
HDMI IN 12V LIMITER/ 12 10 8 12 10 8 1 2 STANDBY

4K 231 D
1 2

DMP EXP
2.0A MAX RS-232

REMOTE
PROTECT 14 6 14 6 G
R

ACP
18 4 4

AT
1 2 1 2

Transmitter
26
∞1 ∞2

HDMI ~ 0 0
100-240V 0.6A, 50-60Hz 1 2
1 (PRI) PoE+ 2 (SEC) +V +S -S G Tx Rx G LAN C AT SIGNAL ATTENUATION
ATTENUATION INPUTS REMOTE 70V OUTPUTS
XPA U 1002-70V REMOTE

HDMI Transmitter
POWER STANDBY

POWER STANDBY

PTZ Camera Extron Extron

PTZ Camera DMP 64 Plus C AT XPA U 1002-70V
Audio Processor 70V Amplifier
PTZ Camera HDMI Extron MODEL 80

DTP T HWP
AUDIO IN

HDMI IN

4K 231 D
POWER STANDBY

Transmitter
RS-232
Extron
MLC Plus 100 MODEL 80

Controller RS-232

DISPLAY
LAPTOP
ON OFF

UHD
PLAYER
VOLUME

MUTE FLAT PANEL

Extron
HDMI

Ethernet Extron Extron

DTP HDMI DTP3 R 201
SIG LINK
POWER HDMI OVER
12V DTP3 L R

RS-232
1.5A MAX RS-232
Amphenol
OVER DTP OVER DTP OVER DTP

4K 230 Rx
RS-232 IR RS-232 IR RS-232 IR

RS-232 Receiver
OUTPUT DTP3 IN Tx Rx G AUDIO OUT

Tx Rx G Tx Rx DTP HDMI 230 Rx Tx Rx G Tx Rx DTP HDMI 230 Rx Tx Rx G Tx Rx DTP HDMI 230 Rx

POWER
SIG LINK OUTPUTS
POWER
SIG LINK OUTPUTS
POWER
SIG LINK OUTPUTS

CATx
Receiver
12V AUDIO 12V AUDIO 12V AUDIO
0.7A MAX L R 0.7A MAX L R 0.7A MAX L R

Cable
FLAT PANEL
DTP IN DTP IN DTP IN COM 1 COM 2 COM 3 DIGITAL I/O IPCP PRO 350 xi

Tx Rx G RTS CTS Tx Rx G Tx Rx G 1 2 3 4 G LAN

POWER 1 2 3
12V IR/SERIAL RELAYS eBUS
1A MAX
1 2 1 2 C 3 4 C +V +S -S G

HDMI
IPCP PRO S1 xi
S G S G PWR OUT = 6W

Extron
POWER
12V COM
0.3A MAX
100-240V ~ --A MAX
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 L IN R L OUT R
CONTACT

RS-232
REMOTE

RESET
/TALLY

AUDIO

LAN

C T C T C T C T C T C T C T G V+ Tx Rx G

IPCP Pro 350 xi

Tx Rx G RTS CTS LAN / PoE

Extron
SIG LINK 1A SIG LINK
OVER TP OVER TP

CATx Cable
OUTPUTS
INPUTS

HDMI
IR IR

Ethernet
1 2 3 1B

HDMI HDMI Control Processor

Extron
Tx Rx G Tx Rx G
IN OUT

IPCP Pro S1 xi
DP HDMI HDMI HDMI/CEC
50-60 Hz

Control Processor IN1804 DI/DO WINDOW SELECT PRESET WINDOW WINDOW

ADJUST

4K/60 Seamless
MUTE RECALL /IMAGE /IMAGE MENU

1 2 3 4
/SAVE SIZE ZOOM

WINDOW
/IMAGE AUTO
FREEZE ENTER IMAGE NEXT

Scaling Switcher
CONFIG POSITION
MGP 641 xi

Ethernet
MULTI-GRAPHIC PROCESSOR

Extron Extron
Keyboard/Mouse DisplayPort HDMI MGP 641 xi TLP Pro 1025T Ethernet
4K/60 HDMI Touchpanel
Multi-Window
1 2 3 4

SIG LINK OUTPUTS

POWER OVER DTP2
WiFi

12V AUDIO
--A MAX RS-232 IR L R
USB PLUS MATRIX
COM

Processor
Tx Rx G Tx Rx DTP2 IN Tx RTS
R
Rx CTS

Gaming PC CATx HDMI

Extron
POWER

Extron
12V
OUTPUT

1.0A MAX
INPUT

Extron HOST
Cable
USB Extender Plus T DTP2 R 211 Extron DSC 401
USB Plus Matrix
Receiver Controller
POWER
12V

Transmitter
0.9A MAX

Extron HDMI DSC 401 HDMI INPUT HDMI OUTPUT

ShareLink 4K/60 HDMI

to HDMI Scaler HDMI
Pro 500 POWER
12V
INPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT LAN

Ethernet
Wired and
--A MAX AUDIO
L R RESET

HDMI HDMI/CEC PoE+

Wireless CHANNEL A

1 2
AUDIO
L R LAYOUT
PRESET MENU
ADJUST

I/O
SMP 300 SERIES
STREAMING MEDIA PROCESSOR

Presentation
1

HDMI
CHANNEL B 2
USB STORAGE
CONFIG
3 4 5 MARK SWAP NEXT 3

Gateway Ethernet
Gaming Console
Extron
USB
SMP 351
H.264 Streaming Media Processor
Gaming USB Ethernet
Controller POWER POWER
12V
OUTPUTS

12V
OUTPUT

1.0A MAX 1 3
INPUT

1.0A MAX
INPUT

Extron
POWER
12V
2 4
OUTPUT

1.0A MAX
INPUT

HOST RECORD

HOST

Extron RCP 101 D

USB Extender Plus T Extron Extron Remote
MARK

USB STORAGE

USB Control Panel

Transmitter USB Extender USB Extender
Extron

CATx Cable
Plus T Plus R
Transmitter Receiver

Ethernet Gaming Console Extron

HDMI POWER USB Extender
12V
OUTPUTS

Plus R
1.0A MAX 1 3
INPUT

2 4

Receiver
Gaming
Controller USB Ethernet
POWER
12V
CATx USB
OUTPUT

1.0A MAX
INPUT

HOST
Cable
Extron
USB Extender Plus T
Transmitter Ethernet Keyboard
Ethernet
Gaming Push to
Ethernet Controller talk Mic
HDMI AUDIO IN

HDMI IN

Laptop Extron
Tablet DTP T HWP 4K 231 D
Transmitter Gigabit Switch
Wireless
Access Point Ethernet

[Link] 95
Esports Training Facility

Overview Switching System

The university is establishing a new esports training facility so that students
can train and build their skills. In addition to gaming, enrolled students work The XTP II CrossPoint 3200 modular matrix switcher provides
with the coach and staff to learn about back-of-house processes such as AV instantaneous switching among the feeds. It is configured with
streaming, casting, graphic design, and videography. The AV system needs to XTP II CP HD 4K PLUS I/O boards which support uncompressed
support multiple gaming stations, a dedicated instructor station for coaching, HDMI at data rates up to 18 Gbps. HD Pro Plenum Series hybrid
and flexible AV signal routing to several observation displays for group analysis.
fiber-copper cables carry AV signals between each gaming station
and the matrix switcher. High frame rate, 2560x1440 signals from the
Needs Assessment gaming stations are scaled to the 3840x2160 native resolution of the
Purpose Provides players with a high-performance seamless large displays using DSC HD-HD 4K PLUS A scalers, while another
gaming experience, while enabling coaches to offer scaler converts HDMI resolutions for streaming. When no signal is
guidance and develop effective strategies.
present, the scaler’s screensaver shows school branding content.
Sources The room will include 12 student gaming stations and
an instructor station. AV Recording and Streaming
The SMP 111 completes the system by providing the ability to record
Display The room needs several large-screen displays to allow
Requirements coaches, team members, and local spectators to
gameplay to a network storage area and live stream to Twitch or
observe the action taking place at any gaming station. YouTube. It offers flexible recording and streaming capabilities and
leverages the existing network.
Control Provide flexible AV control capabilities and a custom
Requirements user interface to access source selection, volume, Audio System
streaming and recording controls, and other functions.
Audio from the instructor’s microphone and program audio are mixed
AV Recording Support recording of game play to a network storage and processed using the DMP 64 Plus C AT digital matrix processor.
and Streaming location and streaming to various platforms. Processed audio is amplified using an XPA U 1002-70V, delivering
Audio Instructor's microphone and program audio should be
100 watts per channel to SF 26CT two-way ceiling speakers for
Requirements evenly distributed throughout the room. Audio will be sound reinforcement and speech intelligibility.
captured as part of recordings and live streams.
Control System
The TLP Pro 1025T touchpanel at the instructor station works with
System Design Solution the IPCP Pro 360Q xi control processor for access to audio level
adjustments, display on/off, and streaming and recording controls.
Sources and Connectivity
Source signals from any gaming station can be routed to the 85"
wall‑mounted displays and SMP 111 streaming media processor. A
24" viewing display is located at the instructor station. The coach can
send gameplay to the large displays for instruction or encouragement.

­96 Extron Digital Design Guide

Classroom Displays - Typical of 3
85" Player Spotlight Display
Extron
DSC HD-HD 4K PLUS A xi
MODEL 80

HDMI to HDMI 4K/60 Scaler HDMI

100-240VAC ~ -- A MAX AUDIO IN

DSC HD-HD 4K Plus A xi

Extron
INPUT OUTPUT L R LAN REMOTE
A B A B L R
RS -232 RESET

HDMI HDMI HDMI

AUDIO OUT Tx Rx G

SF 26CT
50-60 Hz

Two-Way
Ceiling Speakers

LAN
FLAT PANEL

Extron
HD Pro Plenum

Student Station - Typical of 12

Gaming Monitor
Gaming PC Extron
HDMI XTP II CrossPoint 3200
Modular Matrix Switcher

HDMI

Extron
HD Pro Plenum

Audio
INPUTS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Instructor’s Station 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 CONTROL I/O

ENTER PRESET VIEW ESC VIDEO AUDIO

Gaming Monitor 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
OUTPUTS
CONFIG

2
1 3

Gaming PC
POWER

HDMI

HDMI
XTP CROSSPOINT 3200
XTP SERIES DIGITAL MATRIX SWITCHER
LAN
Ethernet
Gaming Monitor
Extron
HD Pro Extron
Plenum IPCP Pro 360Q xi
IPCP Pro xi Control Processor
IPCP PRO 360Q xi
COM AV LAN LAN

LAN
RTS 1 2 3
eBUS IR/S I/O RELAYS
LINK CTS
1000
LIMIT 1 1 2 1 2

HDMI
R BUSY Tx IR LINK
ERROR Rx ACT
OVER 1 2 3 2 3 4 3 4

Ethernet
Extron
DMP 64 Plus C AT LAN
Extron
Digital Matrix XPA U 1002-70V
Processor Ethernet Power Amplifier
Audio
G OFF

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 HPF
INPUTS

CLASS 2 WIRING

Audio
OUTS

12 10 8 12 10 8 12 10 8 12 10 8
I/O

LIMITER/
1 2 3 4 STANDBY 1 2 3 4
14 6 14 6 14 6 14 6 G
IN G O IN G O IN G O IN G O IN G O IN G O PROTECT
18 4 4 4 4
26 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
POWER USB AUD ∞1 ∞2 ∞3 ∞4

Instructor’s Microphone
12V 100-240V 0.8A, 50-60Hz 0 0 0 0
DMP EXP

1 2 3 4
REMOTE

2.0A MAX RS-232 R XPA U 1004-70V SIGNAL

ATTENUATION INPUTS REMOTE 70V OUTPUTS
ACP
select

AT
mute

1 (PRI) PoE+ 2 (SEC) +V +S -S G Tx Rx G LAN C AT

Classroom Streaming/Recording

Extron
Extron SMP 111
DSC HD-HD 4K PLUS A xi Streaming Media Processor
HDMI to HDMI 4K/60 Scaler
Ethernet
LAN
HDMI Ethernet
Extron
100-240V 0.7A
100-240VAC ~ -- A MAX AUDIO IN SMP 111
DSC HD-HD 4K Plus A xi

INPUTS OUTPUT REMOTE

INPUT OUTPUT L R LAN REMOTE
AUDIO RS-232 CONTROL +12V
A B A B L R USB STORAGE 1.0A MAX
L LINE R RESET

TLP Pro 1025T

RS -232 RESET

Ethernet
50-60 Hz
HDMI HDMI Tx Rx G
HDMI HDMI Tx Rx G LAN
50-60 Hz
AUDIO OUT

10" Touchpanel 100-240V 50/60 Hz

---A MAX
INPUT
LAN
OUTPUT
POWERED TLP

Streaming
Ethernet Network
select

Extron
mute

PI 140 Ethernet
High Power Injector
LAN

Ethernet

File Server

[Link] 97
Notes

­98 Extron Digital Design Guide

 Extron Digital Video Product Solutions

Extron offers a complete family of products designed for integration of HDMI, DisplayPort, SDI, and USB into a vast array of system
designs. The product portfolio includes switchers, matrix switchers, distribution amplifiers, signal processors and converters, signal
extenders, AV streaming solutions, collaboration systems, cables, adapters, and architectural connectivity products.

In addition to signal distribution and processing needs, the medium over which signals are routed is of primary concern to the
system designer. Standard video cables are appropriate for connections between devices in a rack or furniture. However, many AV
applications require long transmission distances such as within a large venue, between floors of a building, across campus, or even
between cities.

For these scenarios, Extron offers several high performance technology solutions:
• Cable equalizers – for use with standard cables at distances up to 200 feet (60 meters) from the source
• Twisted pair extenders – transmit signals over shielded CATx cable up to 330 feet (100 meters)
• Fiber optic extenders – signal transmission up to 30 km (18.75 miles)
• AV streaming – is ideal for distribution of AV across a LAN to mobile devices and computer desktops, for recording presentations,
and for content delivery to external locations via a WAN or the Internet
• Wireless extenders are ideal wherever cable installation is not possible, and allow up to 100 feet or 30 meters of HDMI
transmission

DTP Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

XTP Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
FOX3 Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
NAV Pro AV Over IP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Collaboration Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
USB for Pro AV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
H.264 Recording and Streaming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Scalers and Signal Processors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Videowall and Multi-Window Processors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Audio Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

[Link] 99
DTP Systems

The Extron DTP® Systems product family is the AV industry’s most comprehensive integration platform for small to mid-sized
AV systems supporting video resolutions up to 4K. This family includes numerous extender models in a wide variety of form
factors and video formats, plus a broad offering of distribution amplifiers, switchers, and matrix switchers with essential AV signal
processing and control features. DTP Systems allow complete flexibility in designing systems precisely to your application and
budget requirements.

DTP products extend audio, video, and control signals, along with DC power, over a single, shielded CATx cable to span
distances not achievable with native video cabling such as HDMI.

Beyond point-to-point signal extension, DTP products are available to provide centralized AV switching, signal processing, and
system control to function as the core of a complete professional AV system, meanwhile delivering all the advantages of long-
distance cable extension and product consolidation. DTP switchers are available to cover a wide variety of AV system designs
from classrooms and conference rooms to auditoriums and divisible rooms.

Key Features
• A complete AV platform that includes extenders, DAs, switchers, and matrix switchers
• Long distance extension of video, audio, and control over a shielded twisted pair cable
• Remote power capability for select endpoints reduces the need for external power supplies
• Multiple extender form factors - low profile ¼ rack enclosures, wallplates, rackmount, and floorbox
• Video format conversion ensures transmitter and receiver compatibility regardless of I/O formats
• DTP3 incorporates advanced features such as 4K/60 @ 4:4:4, HDCP 2.3, and HDR video

­100 Extron Digital Design Guide

 EXTENDERS DISTRIBUTION AMPLIFIERS

DTP transmitters and receivers come in a wide variety of Distribution amplifiers with DTP® twisted pair outputs provide
supported signal types and form factors to meet the needs of long distance extension and distribution of video, audio, and
professional AV applications worldwide. control over shielded CATx cable to multiple locations.

SCALERS AND SIGNAL PROCESSORS MATRIX SWITCHERS

DTP-enabled scalers and signal processors streamline the All-in-one 4K presentation matrix switchers with integrated
integration of Extron DTP Systems. They feature Extron DTP extension, scaling, audio DSP, audio power amplifier and
Vector 4K scaling and are compatible with all DTP extenders. control processor. Available in 8x2, 8x4, 8x6, and 10x8 sizes.

Outputs Wireless
Extron
Screen Control Control App
Projector

Ethernet Power Ethernet/PoE

RS-232 DisplayPort Injector
Display Extron
HDMI RS-232 TLP Pro 1225TG
12" Tabletop
POWER
12V
SIG LINK OVER TP
L
AUDIO
R
Extron Ethernet TouchLink Pro
Extron
0.8A MAX RS-232 IR

IN Tx Rx G Tx Rx OUTPUTS

DTP R DP Touchpanel
DTP R HWP 4K 330
RS-232
Tx Rx G Tx Rx

OVER DTP
IR

4K 231 D
HDMI OUT

Receiver
Receiver
CATx Cable up to 330' (100 m)
Relay
Extron
CATx Cable up to 230' (70 m) DTP CrossPoint 84 4K IPCP Q SA
Scaling Presentation Matrix
DTP CROSSPOINT 84 4K

RS-232 IR COM 1 COM 2 COM 3 DIGITAL I/O

AV LAN 2 AV LAN 3 8Ω / 4Ω

Inputs
AMP OUTPUT

1 2 3A 4A 3B 4B 4 1
CONTROL
OUTPUTS

Tx Rx G Tx Rx
Tx Rx G RTS CTS Tx Rx G Tx Rx G 1 2 3 4 G
SIG LINK SIG LINK REMOTE L R
OVER TP S/PDIF
OUT IR/SERIAL RELAYS eBUS
XTP RS-232 IR XTP RESET
Tx Rx G R 1 2 1 2 C 3 4 C +V +S -S G

Laptop
DTP Tx Rx G Tx Rx DTP PWR OUT = 6W LAN AV LAN 1
CLASS 2 WIRING
HDBT OUT OUT HDBT S G S G

100-240V ~ 1.6A MAX

RS-232 IR

Extron
DMP EXPANSION

AUDIO OUTPUTS

+48V
AUDIO INPUTS

L R L R L R L R L R

DTP T DWP
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tx Rx G Tx Rx 8 1 1 3
INPUTS

1 3 5 1 3
SIG LINK SIG LINK MIC/LINE
OVER TP 2
Audio
LINK

2 4 6 2 4
XTP RS-232 IR XTP L R L R L R 2 4 L R L R

4K 332 D
AUDIO IN AUDIO IN 3

4
HDMI IN DP IN
DTP DTP

Transmitter
OUT
IN Tx Rx G Tx Rx OUT
IN EXP
50-60Hz

HDMI
Extron

DisplayPort CATx Cable up to 330' (100 m)

Audio Audio
Audio
MacBook

Extron
3G-SDI DTP T 3G-SDI
Extron
3G-SDI IN

330 D CATx Cable up to 330' (100 m)

SM 26
O
O
P
AUDIO IN

Transmitter
T
H

Audio
R
U

Surface Mount
Tx Rx G Tx Rx
RS-232

Microphones Speakers
OVER TP

POWER STANDBY Extron Extron

RS-232
IR

Extron

3G-SDI Camera
with PTZ Control

To learn more, visit [Link]/dtp

[Link] 101
XTP Systems

A complete AV distribution platform with unmatched performance and powerful integration features that streamline the system
from design through operation. XTP Systems® easily scale from small to large applications without additional complexity. They
are comprehensive switching and distribution systems for digital video resolutions up to 8K plus audio, supporting local AV
connectivity as well as remote devices over shielded CATx and fiber optic cable. The line’s modular approach and wide selection
of I/O boards, extenders, and other products ensure the flexibility and expandability any project may require. XTP® is the definitive
AV industry standard you can depend on now and to meet the challenges of ever increasing resolutions and new technologies.

Key Features
• 50 Gbps ultra performance backplane supports resolutions up to 8K
• I/O sizes from 4x4 up to 64x64
• 4K fiber & twisted pair I/O boards
• 8K HDMI I/O boards support date rates up to 40.1 Gbps
• Transmitter and receiver endpoints available in a variety of form factors
• Easy to set up and configure
• Advanced 24/7 system monitoring and hot‑swappable modular components

­102 Extron Digital Design Guide

 EXTENDERS MODULAR MATRIX SWITCHERS

XTP extenders provide long distance extension of AV, control, and XTP II CrossPoint matrix switchers support local and remote
Ethernet over a shielded CATx or fiber optic cable. Available in devices. They offer a 50 Gbps digital switching backplane and
desktop, floor box, and wallplate models. are expandable from 4x4 up to 16x16, 32x32, or 64x64.

INPUT AND OUTPUT BOARDS

A full selection of XTP® input and output boards streamline integration for local connectivity and extended transmission capability using a
single CATx or fiber optic cable. Each input and output board supports four sources or display connections.

To learn more, visit [Link]/xtp

[Link] 103
FOX3 Systems

FOX3 Systems are the latest generation of fiber optic distribution solutions designed, engineered, and manufactured by Extron
to meet the most demanding requirements of critical video and audio distribution applications. From point-to-point extension to
fully non-blocking matrix applications up to 2000x2000 and beyond, FOX3 Systems securely deliver unrivaled performance and
reliability to satisfy even the most discerning users.

Key Features
• I/O sizes from 8x8 to 840x840
• Integrated IPCP Pro Q xi control processor
• Extend and switch 4K/60 video, audio, USB, control, and 3D sync over fiber optic cable
• Dante, DMP Expansion, and analog audio I/O ports enable audio embedding and de-embedding
• Ethernet port supports SSH protocol for encrypted communication with the control system
• Supported HDMI 2.0 specification features include data rates up to 18 Gbps, Deep Color up to 12-bit, and 3D
• AV LAN port allows AV devices to be isolated from the facility network
• RS-232 insertion from the Ethernet port provides enterprise-level control of the FOX3 system
• Multi-level password protection

­104 Extron Digital Design Guide

 EXTENDERS MODULAR MATRIX SWITCHERS

FOX3 MATRIX 8io MM FOX3 MATRIX 8io MM FOX3 MATRIX 8io MM FOX3 MATRIX 8io MM FOX3 MATRIX 8io MM
FAN ASSEMBLY
OUT 1 IN OUT 2 IN OUT 3 IN OUT 4 IN OUT 1 IN OUT 2 IN OUT 3 IN OUT 4 IN OUT 1 IN OUT 2 IN OUT 3 IN OUT 4 IN OUT 1 IN OUT 2 IN OUT 3 IN OUT 4 IN OUT 1 IN OUT 2 IN OUT 3 IN OUT 4 IN

INPUTS / OUTPUTS

1-40
IN 5 OUT IN 6 OUT IN 7 OUT IN 8 OUT IN 5 OUT IN 6 OUT IN 7 OUT IN 8 OUT IN 5 OUT IN 6 OUT IN 7 OUT IN 8 OUT IN 5 OUT IN 6 OUT IN 7 OUT IN 8 OUT IN 5 OUT IN 6 OUT IN 7 OUT IN 8 OUT

FOX3 MATRIX CONTROL FOX3 MATRIX AUDIO

AUDIO INPUTS AUDIO OUTPUTS
L R L R L R L R DANTE EXPANSION
INPUT/OUTPUT LEGEND
IPCP PRO Q xi CONTROL
AUDIO EXPANSION
1-8 9-16 17-24 25-32 33-40
DMP
REMOTE AV LAN LAN 1 3 1 3 EXPANSION AT

2 4 2 4

LINK
RS-232 L R L R L R L R
CONFIG

RESET RESET
Tx Rx G

FOX3 MATRIX 40x

DISCONNECT POWER CORD DISCONNECT POWER CORD

BEFORE SERVICING BEFORE SERVICING

100-240V --A MAX 100-240V --A MAX

50-60 Hz 50-60 Hz

FOX3 extenders support native 4K/60 4:4:4 resolutions and Deep Modular, field-upgradeable and hot-swappable design available
Color up to 12-bit. Select models feature built-in USB for KVM in sizes from 8x8 to 840x840. Each FOX3 matrix switcher can be
applications. Choose from scaling or non-scaling receivers. populated with multimode and singlemode boards.

MODULAR POWER ENCLOSURE BULK CABLE AND ASSEMBLIES

FOR EXTENDERS

Compact, 1U design reduces space requirements in racks and Plenum-rated fiber optic cables enable pixel-perfect transmission of
under desks for AV signal extenders and eliminates the need for AV signals over extreme distances and are available as singlemode
individual power supplies. Accommodates up to four extenders. or laser-optimized multimode fiber optic cables.

4K Local Display 4K Workstation Display

Computer
Mouse
Keyboard

USB HDMI HDMI USB USB HDMI

100-240V 0.7A MAX 100-240V 0.7A MAX

L R INPUTS OUTPUTS
CONTROL

RS-232 IR L R
CONTROL

RS-232 IR
RETURN

RETURN
AUDIO

AUDIO

DEVICES
HDMI Tx Rx G Tx Rx OUTPUTS Tx Rx G Tx Rx INPUTS
A B USB HID
USB HID USB 2.0 REMOTE 3D 1 REMOTE 3D A B
LAN LAN
AUDIO SYNC AUDIO SYNC
L R RS-232 L R RS-232
LOOP OUT
FOX3 T 301

USB 2.0
FOX3 R 301

R R
2 1

HOST HOST Tx Rx G S 5V 100mA 500mA

OUT IN OUT IN HDMI Tx Rx G S 5V
50-60 Hz 50-60 Hz OUT IN OUT IN

FOX3 T 301 FOX3 R 301

Fiber Optic Transmitter Fiber Optic Receiver

Fiber

To learn more, visit [Link]/fox3

[Link] 105
NAV PRO AV Over IP

NAV® is the only no-compromise Pro AV over IP solution for distribution and switching of ultra-low latency, high quality video and
audio signals over an Ethernet network at low bitrates. It delivers groundbreaking performance with real-time, visually lossless
video over IP at resolutions up to 4K @ 60 Hz with 4:4:4 chroma sampling and ultra-low latency. The NAV Series is the only
solution that offers both 1 Gbps and 10 Gbps encoders and decoders while providing full interoperability across both systems.
NAV can be deployed as a high-performance IP-based video and audio matrix, combining the flexibility of an IP-based system
with the integration-friendly video and audio switching features found in Extron conventional matrix switchers.

Key Features
• PURE3 Codec with Intelligent Selective Streaming
• High quality streaming of video, audio, Ethernet, and USB 2.0 over a standard Ethernet infrastructure
• Control securely – supports 802.1X, Microsoft Active Directory, and SRTP
• PoE+ compatible encoders and decoders can be powered over the Ethernet cable
• Delivers real-time, visually lossless video over IP at resolutions up to 4K/60 with 4:4:4 chroma sampling and ultra-low latency
• Highly scalable and easily expandable to grow with any organization
• Supports AES67 for transmission of audio over IP networks
• 1 Gbps and 10 Gbps encoders and decoders with full interoperability
• SmartGlide KVM Switching enables automatic, fast, and seamless mouse and keyboard switching
• Pro Series control ports ensure encrypted control of connected devices at any location

­106 Extron Digital Design Guide

 NAV ENCODERS AND DECODERS

NAV encoders and decoders come in a wide variety of supported signal types and form factors to meet the needs of professional
AV applications worldwide. NAV encoders and decoders feature built-in Pro Series control ports for CEC, RS-232, IR, and digital I/O,
effectively expanding your Extron Pro Series control system to anywhere the network can reach.

NAV SYSTEM MANAGER VALIDATED NETWORK SWITCHES

NAVigator is a hardware appliance for secure management, Large listing of switches that have been evaluated and tested with
configuration, and control of NAV® Pro AV over IP systems. Multiple NAV Series Pro AV over IP systems to ensure optimal compatibility.
units working together can support thousands of endpoints. Setup guides for these switches are also available.

Extron Display
AUDIO IN
DTP T HWP 4K 331 D MODEL 80

DTP Transmitter
HDMI IN

for HDMI 1 Gbps Switch

HDMI
CATx Cable Extron HDMI
up to 330' (100m) NAV SD 101
FLAT PANEL

Laptop 100-240V 0.8A MAX

NAV E 101 DTP
1G AV Over IP
RS-232
Scaling Decoder
POWER OUTPUT CONTROL NAV SD 101
12V
AUDIO
SIG LINK OUTPUT LAN - - A MAX
L R RS-232 IR RESET
LAN

RESET HDMI Tx Rx G S G NAV 1G/PoE+

- HDMI
HDMI NAV 1G
DTP IN
50-60Hz

Extron
NAV E 101 DTP NAV NAV
1G AV Over IP Encoder with DTP

The NAV E 101 DTP encoder bridges DTP Systems with NAV Pro AV over IP

To learn more, visit [Link]/nav

[Link] 107
Collaboration Systems

Collaborative work is increasingly common in AV spaces and Extron has wired or wireless systems that make collaboration easy
for huddle rooms, conference rooms and classrooms. For stand-alone wireless collaboration the ShareLink wireless collaboration
gateway allows small to medium size groups to work together with minimal wiring and AV infrastructure. For wired collaboration
Extron TeamWork® is a simple, intuitive collaboration system that adapts to evolving collaboration needs in both corporate and
education applications. TeamWork is designed for ease of installation with virtually any furniture system, new or currently in use.

Key Features
InCorporation
• Display content from any device with wired and wireless content sharing
CONNECT
• Supports Mac and Windows computers as well as Apple and Android
MODEL 80

Browser

Screen
tablets and smartphones Room Name
Mirroring

• View up to four pieces of content simultaneously from any connected user

FLAT PANEL

OR

• LinkLicense support for digital signage environments, H.264 content

display, and content sharing in active learning environments
• Secure collaboration - a suite of security protocols ensures a safe
and protected collaboration environment room1015 Code: 1015

Fully customizable welcome screen

­108 Extron Digital Design Guide

 SHARELINK TEAMWORK

Enables presentation of wired or wireless content sharing from Complete custom or pre-configured systems for wired or wireless
computers, tablets, or smartphones onto a display. Supports open users that include Extron Show Me® cables, a switcher, a system
and controlled collaboration with Moderator Mode. controller, an optional enclosure, cables and accessories.

SHOW ME CABLES

Provides a simple and convenient user interface for HDMI,

DisplayPort, Mini DisplayPort, USB-C, or VGA sources in an Extron
TeamWork Collaboration System.

Display
MODEL 80

HDMI
Laptop
USB CHARGER

Extron Extron
Cable Cubby 100 FLAT PANEL
SB 33 A 65-70
Cable Access Enclosure Sound Bar

Extron
33-2746-01 A

WFA 100
HDMI HDMI/CEC Audio Wi-Fi & Bluetooth
RYK-WUBT236ACNBT
Contains IC: 6158A-UBT236ACNBT

Adapter
Model: WFA 100 US
Contains FCC ID:

Facility/Room
Wireless Access Point INPUT
HDMI DECODER
OUTPUT USB

CONFIG
SIGNAL HD WIN HD PASS
HDMI HDMI STANDBY
HDCP SCREEN DECODER
WINDOW PASS-THROUGH
ShareLink Pro 500
Ethernet
POWER INPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT LAN
12V
--A MAX AUDIO
L R RESET

HDMI HDMI/CEC PoE+

Extron
ShareLink Pro 500 Ethernet
Smartphone Wired and Wireless
Presentation Gateway

Tablet Laptop
(Windows 10)

To learn more, visit [Link]/sharelinkpro

[Link] 109
USB for Pro AV

Initially just an interface for data and peripheral devices, USB technologies have rapidly evolved to support audio, video, data,
and fast charging. The latest evolution in USB connectors is USB-C, which streamlines AV system connections while providing
increased speed, functionality, and convenience. USB-C connectors can now be found on many devices, including mobile
phones, tablets, and laptops.

Extron offers a growing number of USB extenders, cables, and interfaces in addition to featuring USB-C connectivity on its
products. Our USB‑C HD 101 provides an easy way to add a USB‑C device to an existing AV system by converting USB-C
signals to HDMI. It provides up to 60 watts of power to the USB‑C source device and supports USB‑C Alt Mode video
resolutions up to 4K/60.

Key Features
• U
 SB extenders, switchers, and other products designed for easy integration in professional AV applications
• U
 SBC Pro 8K Series extends 8K/30 DisplayPort video and embedded audio signals
• T
 he UCS 900 fiber optic extenders support USB data signals up to 5 Gbps
• T
 he SW USB Pro Series are two- and four-input USB switchers that provide integrator-friendly solutions for USB‑C and Thunderbolt
hosts and peripherals with data rates up to 10 Gbps
• A
 V to USB bridges integrate traditional AV sources into soft codecs over a universal USB connection
• P
 rovides up to 60 watts of power to the USB-C source – USB-C HD 101

­110 Extron Digital Design Guide

 EXTENDERS SWITCHERS

Extend USB data signals from peripheral devices to a host USB switchers are USB 3.2 compatible and are backward-
computer over twisted pair or fiber optic cable. Extenders are compatible with all previous USB data rate specifications. They
available in convenient form factors that can be mixed and matched. provide power for peripherals and feature RS-232 control.

AV TO USB BRIDGES CABLES AND ADAPTERS

USB bridges convert AV sources to USB for connection to a Copper and active, hybrid cables support various aspects of USB,
computer. The USB connection is used by the computer to including DisplayPort AV, USB data, and power. Adapters integrate
connect devices for soft codec applications and UC systems. USB-C equipped sources into AV systems.

One connector, multiple possibilities

To learn more, visit [Link]/usbcforproav

[Link] 111
H.264 Recording and Streaming

As organizations look for the best way to enable remote communications, learning, and training, finding the right technology
to record, stream, and publish content becomes increasingly important. Extron streaming solutions connect students and
employees to live or on-demand content anytime, anywhere, on any device.

Our SMP Streaming Media Processors are robust, worry-free recording and streaming appliances that fit easily into any workflow
for both ad-hoc and scheduled activities. The purpose-built scalable SMP architecture alleviates the complexity, reliability,
security, and network management burdens associated with PC or software-based recording tools. Designed to be flexible,
customers can use SMP products with any video platform, today and in the future.

ShareLink® Pro is a user-friendly app for wirelessly sharing content from smartphones and tablets to a display. It connects Apple®
and Android™ smartphones and tablets to ShareLink Pro 500 or ShareLink Pro 1100 Wired and Wireless Presentation Systems
via an existing Wi‑Fi network.

Key Features
• Flexible, high performance recording and streaming solutions for remote and hybrid learning
• Ideal for use in HyFlex learning environments
• Works with popular hosting services like Facebook Live, YouTube, Twitch, and Wowza
• The vRCP virtual remote control panel FlexOS App offers convenient remote control of the SMP Series
• StudioStation enables one touch recording and streaming for lecture capture, virtual, and flipped classrooms
• Extron Streaming LinkLicenses are feature upgrades for a range of Extron streaming products

­112 Extron Digital Design Guide

 STREAMING MEDIA PROCESSORS ENCODERS

Record and stream video using standards-based H.264/MPEG-4 Process live HDMI video and audio, and stream at two resolutions
AVC encoding for capture and playback of lectures and simultaneously with independent stream control. RTMP streaming
presentations to support virtual classrooms and active learning. protocol support for popular third-party hosting services.

MEDIA PLAYERS AND DECODERS REMOTE CONTROL PANELS

The SMD 101 decodes live H.264 streams using a variety of RCP 101 Series remote control panels feature backlit transport
streaming protocols. The SMD 202 plays back media files from controls for remote operation of Extron SMP Series products.
internal, local, or network storage, and it decodes live H.264 streams. Available versions include decorator-style, MK, and EU.

Extron Streaming Solutions Integrate with

Popular Enterprise Video Platforms

To learn more, visit [Link]/smp

[Link] 113
Scalers and Signal Processors

For decades, Extron has been engineering scaling and signal processing solutions. These best-in-class products are renowned
for their quality, reliability, and ease of use. Our video scalers, annotation processors, seamless switchers, signal converters, and
integrated solutions all feature the Extron Vector 4K scaling engine, which incorporates several patented technologies that deliver
uncompromised image quality and performance.

Extron DTP CrossPoint and IN Series are versatile, all-in-one products that include high performance switching, signal extension,
scaling, audio DSP, integrated audio power amplification, built-in control processor, and other additional integration-friendly
features. These presentation switchers set the industry standard for fully integrated AV systems, greatly simplifying system design
and installation, and dramatically reducing total cost of ownership.

Key Features
• Scale a wide variety of video formats to a single output resolution
• Presentation switchers and matrix switchers offer complete AV switching, processing, and control in one box
• Logo image keying and display – select products
• Purpose-built signal processors address specific format conversion needs
• Annotation processors enable users to draw, point, or type over live presentations
• Patented image processing technologies set the industry benchmark for visual performance
• Advanced Extron Vector™ 4K scaling engine delivers best in class image upscaling and downscaling

­114 Extron Digital Design Guide

 VIDEO SCALERS ANNOTATION PROCESSORS

Video scalers accept a wide variety of video formats and scale up Annotation processors offer hardware-based annotation
or down into a single output resolution, while maintaining optimal capabilities for superimposing graphics and text over live video and
image quality. computer graphics within AV presentations.

SEAMLESS SWITCHERS PRESENTATION SWITCHERS AND

MATRIX SWITCHERS

Seamless switchers scale video to high resolution output rates Powerful, all-in-one AV integration solutions for presentation
and offer true seamless switching between inputs with selectable environments that feature integrated DTP extension, scaling, audio
transition effects for professional quality presentations. DSP, audio power amplifier, and control processor.

Freehand
Draw freely on-screen

Lines, Arrows, and Shapes

Draw a line or arrow between two points,
a rectangle, or an ellipse

Erase
Rub out on-screen annotations

Color
Select from 16 colors for the next annotation

Real-time annotation and intuitive menus

To learn more, visit [Link]/vector4k

[Link] 115
Videowall and Multi-Window Processors

Videowalls are frequently used to provide numerous sources of visual information for easy viewing by everyone in a room, such
as a network operations center or command and control room. They are also commonly used for digital signage to create
impact and attract attention through large images in corporate lobbies, transportation hubs, retail locations, and other public
environments.

Extron offers multiple videowall processing solutions with the industry-leading Quantum® Series of processors. They provide
scalable solutions for installations ranging from small conference rooms or retail displays up to large, mission critical command
and control facilities, and anything in between. Quantum Ultra II, featuring support for single-path 4K/60 signals, Vector 4K
scaling, and the future-ready 500 Gbps HyperLane video bus, is the latest addition to the Quantum product line.

Key Features
• Scalable 8K videowall processing for display systems of any size – Quantum Ultra II
• Modular architecture accommodates a variety of input and output arrangements
• 500 Gbps HyperLane® video bus delivers unparalleled real-time performance for resolutions up to 8K
• H.264, MPEG2, Motion JPEG, and VNC stream decoding
• Mission-critical, secure operation
• HDMI 4K PLUS boards support 4K/60 on each connection
• HDMI embedded audio switching
• HDCP 2.3 compliant

­116 Extron Digital Design Guide

 VIDEOWALL PROCESSORS MULTI-WINDOW PROCESSORS

The Quantum Series of processors provide scalable solutions for Display multiple video signals simultaneously on a single screen.
installations ranging from small conference rooms or retail displays Windows can be independently scaled, positioned, or overlapped.
up to large, command and control facilities. Useful for videoconferencing, distance learning, and more.

SOFTWARE

VCS-Videowall Configuration Software facilitates quick and easy

system setup and operation. EMS-Express Mobile Software
provides wireless, multi-platform control of a videowall system.

VCS features an intuitive interface, task-oriented workflow, and advanced configuration functionality

To learn more, visit [Link]/quantumultra2

[Link] 117
Audio Products

Our comprehensive offering of award-winning audio products includes several patented technologies. With Extron, complete
audio systems are designed every day to meet the most demanding AV requirements. Our scalable DSP solutions form
the center of systems from a single conference room to an entire campus while providing key features like VoIP and Dante
connectivity. Our industry leading audio power amplifiers and speakers deliver the exceptional audio quality demanded by
discerning listeners.

Many of today’s AV applications make use of networked audio as a means for audio distribution. Dante audio networking
provides digital audio distribution throughout a facility, building, or campus using standard network hardware. This provides many
advantages, including audio system scalability, easier installation, and simplified wiring. Extron offers Dante-equipped digital
signal processors, audio expansion, and power amplifier products.

Key Features
• Power amplifiers feature Extron patented CDRS™ – Class D Ripple Steering technology
• Large selection of ENERGY STAR® qualified power amplifiers
• Innovative speaker designs meet a wide variety of needs
• Audio DSP products for fine-tuning and optimizing audio signals
• Certified collaboration solutions for Microsoft Teams and Zoom Rooms
• A suite of video tutorials and audio calculators simplify the project design process

­118 Extron Digital Design Guide

 AUDIO DSP POWER AMPLIFIERS

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[Link] 119
Notes

­120 Extron Digital Design Guide

 Digital AV Glossary
In use throughout this Guide is the language of the digital era. This lexicon of words, phrases, acronyms,
and abbreviations appropriate to digital technologies, distribution methods, and the products designed
for use in digital AV presentation systems is defined in the following Glossary of Terms.

Clock Period
Signal Level
Uncertainty

Usable Minimum
Signal Eye Opening
Swing Mask

Signal Level
Uncertainty

Timing Jitter/Uncertainty Timing Jitter/Uncertainty

Eye Pattern Jitter

The representation of a digital signal on A deviation in the timing of a digital signal, usually
an oscilloscope. Eye patterns are used to in relevance to a reference clock source. Jitter
evaluate the quality of digital signals when can occur over long lengths of low-quality cable
passed through cables or signal extension or through the cumulative effect caused by
devices, switchers, signal processors, and cascading several digital devices in line between
other electronics. the source and destination.

Before reclocking After reclocking

Reclocking
Reclocking is a process that is used to restore the amplitude,
rise and fall times, and clock rate attributes of a digital signal.

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10/100Base-T / Fast Ethernet 3G-SDI

The Ethernet protocol that uses UTP - Unshielded Twisted Pair The SMPTE signal standard for serial digital, high definition video
Cable (CAT 5, etc.), in which the amount of data transmitted at 1920x1080 resolution and a 50 Hz or 60 Hz progressive frame
between two points in a given amount of time is equal to either rate. Up to 32 audio channels can be carried in the ancillary data.
10 Mbps or 100 Mbps. The ”3G” stands for 3 gigabits per second which is 2 times the bit
rate of a 1.485 Gbit HD-SDI signal. Also see “SMPTE 424M.”
1000Base-T / Gigabit Ethernet
An Ethernet standard that transmits at 1 Gbps over twisted pair 4:1:1 Chroma Subsampling
cable. Use of Gigabit Ethernet is becoming a commonplace and Chroma, or color information is sampled at one-fourth the
will eventually be used as frequently as 100Base-T connections. horizontal resolution of the luminance, or black and white
information.
100Base-T
An Ethernet standard for transmitting at 100 Mbps over twisted 4:2:0 Chroma Subsampling
pair cable. 100Base-T was also called Fast Ethernet when first Chroma, or color information is sampled at half the vertical and
deployed in 1995. Officially the IEEE 802.3u standard, it is a half the horizontal resolution of the luminance, or black and white
100 Mbps version of 10Base-T. Like 10Base-T, 100Base-T is a information.
shared media LAN when used with a hub and 100 Mbps duplex
4:2:2 Chroma Subsampling
when used with a switch.
Color information is sampled at half the horizontal resolution of the
1080i luminance, black and white information. 4:2:2 color sampling is
Interlaced HDTV transmission standard. Refers to an active pixel popular in high-quality broadcast video systems.
rate of 1920x1080 with a vertical refresh rate of up to 60 fields
4:4:4 Color or Chroma Sampling
(30 frames) per second for NTSC countries or 50 fields (25 frames)
Color information is sampled at the same rate as the luminance,
per second for PAL/SECAM countries.
black and white information. Video systems designed for
1080p capturing real images typically quantize color information at
Progressive-scan HDTV standard. Refers to an active pixel rate one-fourth to one‑half the detail of luminance information. This
of 1920x1080 with a vertical refresh rate of up to 60 frames per is acceptable for real images, where sharp, on-off transitions
second for NTSC countries or 50 frames per second for PAL/ between colors do not occur. Computer graphic pictures contain
SECAM countries. 1080p is often stated with an associated sharp, pixel transitions and require maintenance of 4:4:4 color
frames per- second rate, such as: 1080p24 (24 fps, progressive), space. Otherwise, information is lost.
1080p30 (30 fps, progressive), 1080p59.94 (consumer grade)
4K
and 1080p60 (60 fps, progressive). 1080p is extremely rare
Digital cinema resolution at 4092x2160 pixels. Frame rates can
in broadcasting; for example, the ATSC standard provides
range from 24 to 120 fps. 4K is often mentioned along with Ultra
bandwidth sufficient only for 1080p24 and 1080p30. Blu‑ray
HD, which has a video resolution of 3840x2160.
and other pre-recorded high definition schemes can support full
1080p60 content playback. 6G-SDI
The SMPTE signal standard for serial digital, ultra high definition
10Base-T
video at 3840x2160 resolution and a 30 Hz progressive frame
An Ethernet standard for transmitting data packets at 10 Mbps
rate. Up to 32 audio channels can be carried in the ancillary data.
over twisted pair cable. 10Base-T is a shared media. When used
The ”6G” stands for 6 gigabits per second, which is 2 times the bit
with a hub all network nodes must share the same 10 Mbps
rate of a 2.97 Gbps 3G-SDI signal. Also see “SMPTE ST-2081.”
capacity. When used with a switch, each connection supports a
10 Mbps duplex capacity. 70 V / 100 V
High impedance usually means an impedance of several-
10GbE, 10 GigE, or 10GE
hundred ohms to several-k ohms. High impedance speakers are
An Ethernet standard for transmitting data packets at 10 Gbps
commonly used in 70/100V public address systems. Audio signals
over twisted pair cable. Officially the IEEE 802.3ae standard, it
can be distributed over longer distance, at an adequate level and
is a full-duplex protocol, which doesn’t need CSMA/CD to gain
be connected to the power amplifier together with several other
access to the physical medium.
speakers.
12G-SDI
720p
The SMPTE signal standard for serial digital, high definition video
Progressive-scan HDTV transmission standard. Refers to an active
at 3840x2160 resolution and a 60 Hz progressive frame rate.
pixel rate of 1280x720 with a vertical refresh rate of 60 frames
Up to 32 audio channels can be carried in the ancillary data. The
per second for NTSC countries or 50 frames per second for PAL/
”12G” stands for 12 gigabits per second, which is 2 times the bit
SECAM countries. The 720p standard also allows refresh rates of
rate of a 6 Gbps 6G-SDI signal. Also see “SMPTE ST-2082.”
24, 25, 30 and 59.94 frames per second.

­122 Extron Digital Design Guide

8 ohms AES/EBU - Audio Engineering Society/European
Speakers are designated as either low- or high-impedance types. Broadcasting Union
Low impedance is in a range of approximately 4 to 16 ohms. Low A digital audio transfer standard. The AES and EBU developed the
impedance speakers are used in stereo system and program specifications for the standard. The AES/EBU digital interface is
audio applications. usually implemented using 3-pin XLR connectors, the same type
of connector used in a professional microphone. One cable carries
8K
both left- and right-channel audio data to the receiving device.
8K UHD is the highest resolution defined in the UHDTV2 format in
Also see “AES3.”
SMPTE ST 2036-1, as well as the 8K UHDTV format in ITU-R BT.
2020 standard. Refers to an active pixel rate of 7680x4320 with AES3
an aspect ratio of 16:9. Frame rates can range from 24 to 120 fps. A digital audio standard defined by the Audio Engineering Society.
The standard specifies several basic physical interconnections
between devices:


Balanced – 3-conductor, 110 ohm cabling with an XLR
A connector, typically referred to as “AES/EBU audio.
Unbalanced – 2-conductor, 75 ohm coaxial cable with an
A/D
RCA connector, typically used in consumer audio applications.
A device that converts an analog signal to a digital value. In many consumer products such as DVD players and
AV receivers, this is often referred to as a “digital coaxial”
AACS - Advanced Access Content System
connection type.
A digital rights management standard utilized with Blu-ray Disc
and other optical formats. AACS incorporates two parts: a set of AES-3id – A professional version of the 2-conductor 75 ohm
embedded decryption keys within the source device, and a set of coaxial cable terminated with a BNC connector. AES3
keys encoded in the content that describes each of the playback unbalanced and AES-3id audio can be switched or routed
devices licensed to utilize the content. This approach allows copyright using a video switcher with a minimum of 150 MHz (-3 dB, fully
holders to revoke the keys of a particular source device, thus loaded) video bandwidth.
preventing it from playing back future content. AACS also provides for Optical – Plastic optical fiber using an F05 style connector,
a managed copy system, that is, a mechanism by which one or typically used in consumer audio applications. In many
several, but not an unlimited number of copies can be legally made consumer products, this is often referred to as a “digital
as backups, for storage on a media server, or for use on a portable optical” connection type. TOSLINK is the most common
device. The ICT - Image Constraint Token is a provision within AACS implementation of this connection type.
that allows the content provider to limit analog output resolutions.
AirPlay
AC-3 A proprietary protocol developed by Apple Inc. for streaming of
See “Dolby Digital.” audio and video media between devices over a Wi-Fi connection.
ADC - Analog to Digital Converter Aliasing
A device that converts analog signals to digital signals. 1. Aliasing occurs when smooth curves and lines become rough
or jagged because of a lower resolution device, or by an event.
Adobe RGB
A color space specification developed by Adobe® Systems, Inc.,
2. In analog video, aliasing is typically caused by interference
offering a wider color gamut than sRGB. Adobe RGB is supported
between the luma and chroma frequencies or between the
in Photoshop® and other Adobe software, as well as some digital
chroma and field scanning frequencies. It appears as a moiré or
cameras, printers, scanners, and displays.
herringbone pattern, straight lines that become wavy, or rainbow
AES - Advanced Encryption Standard colors.
A data encryption standard adopted by the US Government and 3. In digital video, insufficient sampling or poor filtering of the signal
approved by the National Security Agency for top secret information. causes aliasing. Defects typically appear as jagged edges on
DCP, LLP, the licensing agency for HDCP, has adopted AES-128 diagonal lines and twinkling or brightening in picture detail. Also,
encryption for the new HDCP 2.0 standard. as a result of scaling to a different raster size. Also see “artifacts”.
AES67 Alternate Mode
Developed by the Audio Engineering Society and published as Alternate mode is a type of operation in USB-C that dedicates
an open standard, AES67 is an interoperability standard that acts some buses for direct device-to-host transmission of alternate
as a translator between protocols. The AES67 standard provides data protocols, such as video. This is often associated with
interoperability between the predominant Audio over IP protocols in DisplayPort signaling, but can be used for HDMI, MHL – Mobile
use today. High-Definition Link, used primarily on mobile phones – or other

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Digital AV Glossary

protocols in the future. When used in this way, it is a USB-C Attenuation

alternate mode DisplayPort, USB-C alternate mode HDMI, or Attenuation or Insertion loss is the amount of loss incurred on a
USB-C alternate mode MHL connector. Also referred as “USB signal in a cable. It is measured in decibels (dB).
Type-C Alternate Mode”.
Audio Delay
Analog Sunset See “Lip Sync.”
When used colloquially, may refer to the general trend of digital
Auto-Image
video technologies displacing analog, such as when US broadcast
An Extron technology for scan converters and signal processors
television switched to digital transmission, or the increasing use of
that simplifies setup by executing image sizing, centering, and
DVI, HDMI, and DisplayPort video on computers instead of RGB,
filtering adjustments with a single button push.
etc. In a narrowly defined legal sense, the analog sunset refers to
AACS licensing restrictions placed on Blu-ray Disc players where Auto-Input Switching
licensed players produced after 2010 must limit analog video The feature that enables a product to detect which input has an
output to standard definition, and licensed players produced after active sync signal and switch to that input.
2013 must not output any analog video, when playing protected
content.

Annotation B
A process in which a hardware-based processor allows a
presenter to draw, point, or type over live presentations using a Bandwidth
touch display, graphics tablet, or a keyboard and mouse. The total range of frequencies required to pass a specific signal
Antialiasing without significant distortion or loss of data. In analog terms, the
A technique in computer graphics for smoothing jagged edges lower and upper frequency limits are defined as the half power,
by blending shades of color or gray along the edges. Some video or -3 dB signal strength drop, compared to the signal strength
devices, such as character generators, have an antialiasing feature of the middle frequency, or the maximum signal strength of any
to minimize aliasing through filtering and other techniques. Also frequency, expressed as xx Hz to xx kHz (or MHz) @ -3 dB. In
see “Aliasing.” digital terms, it is the maximum bit rate at a specified error rate,
expressed in bps - bits per second. A device’s bandwidth should
ARP be wider than the highest possible bandwidth of the signals it
Address Resolution Protocol. A protocol for assigning an IP may handle. (In general, the wider the bandwidth, the better the
address to a device based on the device’s MAC - Media Access performance. However, bandwidth that is too wide may pass
Control, or physical machine address, that maintains a table excessive noise with the signal.)
showing the correlation between the two.
Baud Rate
Artifacts Named for J. M. E. Baudot, the inventor of the Baudot telegraph
Any error in the perception or representation of any visual or aural code. The number of electrical oscillations per second, called
information introduced by the involved equipment. Image artifacts baud rate. Related to, but not the same as, transfer rate in bits per
appear as deviations from the original in the delivered image in second (bps). RS-232 rates range from 300 bps to 115200 bps.
video streaming systems. Also see “aliasing”.

Aspect Ratio BER - Bit Error Rate

The relationship of the horizontal dimension to the vertical The fraction of bits that were transmitted with errors, expressed at
dimension of an image. In viewing screens, standard TV is 4:3, or the ratio of incorrectly to correctly transmitted bits. BER is used to
1.33:1; HDTV is 16:9, or 1.78:1. Sometimes the “:1” is implicit, assess accuracy in transmission systems.
making TV = 1.33 and HDTV = 1.78. 16:10 is popular in computer
displays and tablet computers. Bidirectional
The ability to move, transfer or transmit in both directions. When
Asset Management signals can pass in either direction through the same port or by
Enterprise asset management tools give at-a-glance equipment the same path. RS-232 communications are bidirectional because
status, support event scheduling, and include usage reports the devices at either end can transmit and receive.
that can be used for inventory management, scheduling of
maintenance tasks, and future system planning. Binary
A numbering system using base-2. Each digit is represented by a
ATSC - Advanced Television Systems Committee 1 or a 0 (on or off).
The ATSC was formed to establish voluntary technical standards
for advanced television systems, including digital high definition Bit
television - HDTV and 4K. The ATSC is supported by its members, The shortened form of “binary digit” (0 or 1). A bit is the smallest
who are subject to certain qualification requirements. unit of information in a computer.

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Bit Depth
The number of bits per pixel. Bit depth determines the number
C
of shades of gray or variations of color that can be displayed by
a computer monitor. For example, a monitor with a bit depth of 1 CAT 5 - Category 5
can display only black and white; a monitor with a bit depth of 16 Describes the network cabling standard that consists of four
can display 65,536 different colors; a monitor with a bit depth of UTP - unshielded twisted pairs of copper wire terminated
24 can display 16,777,216 colors. by RJ‑45 connectors. CAT 5 cabling supports data rates
up to 100 Mbps and a minimum bandwidth of 100 MHz.
Bit Error CAT 5 is based on the EIA/TIA 568 Commercial Building
Bit error indicates the number of bits of a data stream over a Telecommunications Wiring Standard.
communication channel that have been altered. A bit error can
result in unusable data or the corruption of an image in video CAT 5e - Enhanced Category 5
streaming solutions. The standard for the next higher grade of UTP beyond
Category 5. The CAT 5e specification was developed to provide
Bit Rate more robust support for 1000Base-T, and includes tighter limits
The number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of than CAT 5 for NEXT, ELFEXT, and return loss. CAT 5e cabling
time. The bit rate is quantified using the bits per second (bit/s or supports a minimum bandwidth of 100 MHz.
bps) unit, often in conjunction with an SI prefix such as kilo- (kbit/s
or kbps), mega- (Mbit/s or Mbps), or giga- (Gbit/s or Gbps). CAT 6 - Category 6
The standard for the next higher grade of UTP cabling beyond
Bluetooth CAT 5e. The standard defines components (cable and connecting
A wireless audio network protocol used for connecting mobile hardware) and cabling (basic link and channel) for Category 6
and fixed devices over a short distance, anywhere from 1 meter channels, as well as Level III field tester requirements. CAT 6
to 1 kilometer is possible. Bluetooth launched in May of 1998. cabling supports a minimum bandwidth of 250 MHz.
Common Bluetooth devices are mobile phones, wireless
headsets, wireless speakers, and In-car systems. CAT 6a - Category 6a, or Augmented Category 6
A higher grade of twisted pair cabling beyond standard
Blu-ray Disc CAT 6-rated cable, with twice the bandwidth capability. CAT 6a
An optical disc storage medium developed by Sony as the features a shielded twisted pair cable design, with braid and foil
replacement for DVD. Blu-ray is capable of storing high-definition shielding around the unshielded twisted pair conductors. This
video, audio, and data with a capacity of 50 GB per disc. Blu- design improves crosstalk performance at high frequencies.
ray players are backward-compatible with standard DVDs and CAT 6a cabling supports a minimum bandwidth of 500 MHz.
audio CDs.
CAT 7 - Category 7
BT.2020 The cable standard for 10 Gigabit Ethernet using STP - shielded
Formally ITU-R Recommendation BT.2020, and also known as twisted pair cable. CAT 7 features strict guidelines for crosstalk
Rec. 2020. The international standard for Ultra HD video that and system noise, requiring shielding for each pair of wires
specifies the 3840x2160 and 7680x4320 resolutions, color space and the cable as a whole. CAT 7 cabling supports a minimum
parameters that define a much wider color gamut than previous bandwidth of 600 MHz.
specifications, frame rates up to 120 fps, color bit depth up to
36 bits per pixel, digital color encoding, chroma subsampling, CCIR
and more. Comité consultatif international pour la radio, or the International
Radio Consultative Committee. The CCIR has been superseded
BT.709 by the International Telecommunications Union, or ITU. Also see
Formally ITU-R Recommendation BT.709, and also known as “ITU.”
Rec. 709. The international standard for high-definition video that
specifies resolutions, frame rates, digital color encoding, color CCIR 601
space parameters, and more. See “ITU-R BT.601.”

CDRS - Class D Ripple Suppression

Extron patented technology that provides smooth, clean
audio waveforms, eliminating RF emissions and reducing
electromagnetic interference. Extron’s CDRS™ - Class D Ripple
Suppression technology is found in the MPA and XTRA Series
amplifiers.

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Digital AV Glossary

CEA-861.3 Class D Distortion Reduction

A standard released by the Consumer Electronics Association Extron patented technology that reduces distortion in the output
(now known as the CTA - Consumer Technology Association) to signal by filtering ripple and reducing nonlinearities as the audio
specify HDR static metadata exchange using InfoFrames and signal passes through the amplifier.
EDID. The HDMI 2.0a and DisplayPort 1.4 specifications cite
Class D Power Converter
CEA-861.3 mechanisms to support HDR.
Extron patented technology facilitates power converters in
CEC - Consumer Electronics Control Class D amplifiers to use synchronous rectifiers for energy transfer
A bidirectional serial control bus defined in the HDMI 1.0 between positive and negative output rails. It results in more
specification and subsequent updates. CEC is used to provide precise performance at clipping while using less capacitors.
control for multiple products, connected via HDMI cables, from
Class D Soft Switching
a single remote control. Alternately, one device, for example
A proprietary soft switching design from Extron that makes use
a 4K Blu-ray Disc player, can turn on another device, such as
of Class D Ripple Suppression technology to reduce switching
a display, when put into Play mode. CEC command sets are
losses, i.e., dissipated power. It results in higher efficiency under
proprietary to each manufacturer; Sony CEC commands cannot
typical operating conditions and reduces idle losses in a Class
control devices from Panasonic or Sharp, and vice versa.
D converter.
Ceiling Speaker
Cliff Effect
Ceiling Speakers are designed for overhead audio applications for
The sudden or discrete loss of signal at a digital receiver due to
music and voice in small and large classrooms, conference rooms,
the degradation of a transmitted signal that has been terminated
and boardrooms.
due to an error rate being exceeded and the received signal
Chromaticity being rejected.
An objective specification of the quality of a color regardless of its
Codec
luminance. The quality is determined by its hue and colorfulness
(1) Coder/decoder. A device that converts analog video
(or saturation, chroma, intensity, or excitation purity).
and audio signals into a digital format for transmission over
Chromecast telecommunications facilities and also converts received
A digital media player developed by Google that uses a digital signals back into analog format. It may also dial up the
proprietary protocol for streaming of audio and video media from connection, like a modem for teleconferencing.
smartphones, tablets, and PCs over a Wi-Fi connection.
(2) Compressor/decompressor. Codecs can be implemented
Chrominance in software, hardware, or a combination of both. Some popular
The measurement of the color value or color difference value in a codecs for computer video include MPEG, QuickTime, and Video
pixel. for Windows.
Cladding Color Space
In fiber optics, the outer layer surrounding the core of a fiber that A system for describing color numerically. There are several color
serves as an optical barrier as well as protection for the core. The space definitions, each used to support the specific identity of
index of refraction for the cladding is always lower than that for the colors within a structured identification system. In AV presentation,
core in order to maintain total internal reflection and thus ensure there are two primary video color space definitions: RGB, which
that the light always travels within the core. describes the three color primaries, Red, Green, and Blue; and
Component or YUV, which describes the luminance channel (Y)
Class D Amplifier
and two chrominance channels, U (Blue minus Y) and V (Red
Also known as a switching amplifier, Class D amplifiers utilize
minus Y), with the remainder representing Green. RGB is most
output transistors which are either completely turned on or
commonly used with high-resolution computer video signals, while
completely turned off (they’re operating in switch mode). Class D
YUV is the primary color space for motion video and television
amplifiers operate either in the fully ON-region or fully OFF-region.
transmission. While the earlier DVI standard supports only RGB,
Class D amplifiers reach efficiencies as high as 90%. This is of
the newer HDMI, and DisplayPort standards support both RGB
great importance to portable applications relying on battery power
and YUV color space, and color space conversion is common in
and for the lowest production of heat.
sources such as 4K Blu-ray Disc players and both flat-panel and
Class D Circuit Bandwidth Extension projection display devices.
This Extron technology advances the technology of the CDRS™
- Class D Ripple Suppression amplifier design. The end user Color space and color space conversion pose a unique challenge
benefit is lower THD at high audio frequencies. Class D amplifier when switching between signals with different color spaces, for
bandwidth is limited by the switching frequency; bandwidth equal example, switching a source in YUV color space to a display
to a Class B amplifier is not practical, as the efficiency would be device set up to receive signals in RGB color space. Many digital
greatly reduced. displays will automatically detect the change in color space, but

­126 Extron Digital Design Guide

may require several seconds or more to lock to the new signal see if the network is quiet (senses the carrier). If it is not, it waits a
and display it properly. Some displays, on the other hand, require random amount of time before retrying. If the network is quiet and
manual intervention to select the new color space through an on- two devices access the line at exactly the same time, their signals
screen display menu. collide. When the collision is detected, they both back off and
each waits a random amount of time before retrying.
Component Digital
Digital video using separate color components, such as Y, Cb,
Cr. Digital recording formats such as D1 (Sony, BTS/Philips) and
D5 (Panasonic) utilize component digital recording technology. D
Component digital is the digital representation of the component
analog signal set, Y, B-Y, R-Y; it is often represented as 4:2:2. The D/A
encoding parameters are specified by ITU-R BT.601-2 (formerly Digital to analog.
known as CCIR 601).
D65
Compression Reference white point for the BT.709, DCI-P3, and BT.2020 color
The art and science of reducing the amount of data required to gamuts. D65 corresponds to a color temperature of 6500 K
represent a picture or a stream of pictures and sound before and has coordinates of xW = 0.3127, yW = 0.329 on the CIE
sending or storing it. Compression systems are designed to chromaticity diagram.
eliminate redundant or repeated information to the desired data
level while allowing the original information to be reproduced to the DA - Distribution Amplifier
desired quality. A device that allows connection of one input source to multiple,
isolated (buffered) output destinations such as monitors or
Compression Artifacts projectors.
Compacting of a digital signal, particularly when a high
compression ratio is used, may result in small errors when the DAC
signal is decompressed. These errors are known as artifacts, or Digital to analog converter.
unwanted defects. The artifacts may resemble noise (or edge Dante
busyness) or may cause parts of the picture, particularly fast Dante is an acronym for Digital Audio Networking Through
moving portions, to be displayed as distorted or incomplete. Ethernet, from Audinate. It is a combination of hardware,
Contact Closure software and network protocols that delivers uncompressed, high
The momentary connection of two conductors to complete an resolution, multi-channel, low-latency digital audio distribution over
electrical circuit. Often used to switch inputs on switchers. a standard Ethernet network using standard TCP/IP protocols.

Control Processor Data Rate

The central device in a control system that runs the program or The total data rate of a video signal, determined by the resolution,
configuration file and tells the control ports how to interface to the refresh rate, color depth, and chroma subsampling.
devices being controlled by the control system. DCI-P3
Core Color space specified by the Digital Cinema Initiative and
The central core of an optical fiber in which the light travels. standardized in SMPTE 428-1. It covers 45.5% of the CIE color
The core’s index of refraction is always greater than that of the gamut.
cladding which surrounds it, to maintain total internal reflection DDC - Display Data Channel
and therefore keep the light within the core. A bidirectional communications standard developed by VESA -
Coupler Video Electronics Standards Association that defines a universal
Generally a passive device used to connect two terminated cables data transmission standard for the connectivity between display
for signal extension. devices and computers.

Crosstalk DDWG - Digital Display Working Group

Crosstalk occurs when a cable radiates an unwanted energy The DDWG develops standards for digital displays. Developer of
from its signal path to an adjacent cable. One of the important the DVI standard.
parameters of twisted pair cable, it typically occurs when cables
are run parallel to each other.

CSMA/CD - Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision

Detection
The Media Access Control method applied in Ethernet networks.
When a device wants to gain access to the network, it checks to

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Digital AV Glossary

Decoder DisplayPort Alt Mode

(1) In analog video, a device used to separate the RGBS (red, See “Alternate Mode”.
green, blue and sync) signals from a composite video signal. Also
DNS - Domain Name Server
known as an NTSC decoder.
DNS matches the names of internet sites with their underlying
(2) In digital systems, a device which does the reverse of an IP addresses.
encoder, undoing the encoding so that the original information
Dolby Atmos
can be retrieved. The same method used to encode is usually just
Developed by Dolby and commonly referred to as Dolby Atmos, is
reversed in order to decode. Video over IP decoders accept IP
an object based audio format. Individual sounds can be precisely
data streams and output an analog or digital video signal.
placed in the room, for a true 3D audio experience, where the
(3) In control systems, the device in a synchronizer or programmer sounds can move around you, over you, and down low, thus
which reads the encoded signal and turns it into a form of control. immersing you into the story or song. Atmos has the capability
of supporting 128 simultaneous objects. Playback in the cinema
Deep Color Atmos can output 64 discrete speaker feeds. For home and
A very wide color gamut with a bit depth of 30 bits or more, pro AV the speaker feed output is more limited, with a possible
capable of displaying billions of colors. See “HDR/HDR10/ configuration of 24.1.10.
HDR10+ and Dolby Vision”.
Dolby Digital
Deinterlacing A digital audio encoding and decoding technology utilized for
The process of combining pairs of interlaced fields of video into DVDs, Blu-ray Discs, video games, and many cable and satellite
one progressive frame of video. television services. Also referred to as “AC-3.” Dolby Digital can
DHCP transmit mono or standard two-channel stereo audio, as well as
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. A standardized client- 5.1 channel surround sound (left front, center front, right front, left
server IP networking protocol that enables network administrators rear, right rear, and subwoofer).
to centrally and automatically manage the assignment of IP Dolby Digital Plus
addresses in an organization’s network. A digital audio compression technology designed as an optional
Digital codec for use with Blu-ray Disc. Dolby Digital Plus is an extension
A system of data or image values in the form of discrete, of the earlier Dolby Digital format and supports up to 13 audio
noncontinuous codes, such as binary. When data is in a digital channels, although Blu-ray Disc is limited to 8 discrete channels.
format,it can be processed, stored (recorded), and reproduced The extra audio channels are often used to support multiple
easily while maintaining its original integrity. languages.

Digital I/O Dolby TrueHD

Refers to the flow of information or signals (in or out) with respect An advanced, lossless multi-channel audio encoder and decoder
to a particular device. Voltage range may be from 0 to 24 V. technology intended primarily for high-definition content and is
optional for Blu-ray Disc; support for TrueHD is also optional as
DisplayID of the HDMI 1.3 specification. TrueHD supports up to 8 discrete
Released in December 2007, this second-generation version of audio channels at 96 kHz sampling, or up to 6 channels at
VESA EDID - Extended Display Identification Data is intended to 192 kHz sampling. Since TrueHD is optional for Blu-ray Disc, discs
replace all previous versions. DisplayID represents a 256-byte encoded with a TrueHD audio track must also include a separate
data structure that conveys display-related information to attached two-channel digital audio track.
source devices. It is meant to encompass PC display devices,
consumer televisions, and embedded displays such as LCD Dolby Vision
screens within a laptop, without need for multiple extension Proprietary HDR standard from Dolby Laboratories. It makes use
blocks. DisplayID is not directly backward compatible with of dynamic metadata and implements HDR on a frame-by-frame
previous EDID/E-EDID versions. basis with excellent brightness and better tone mapping. Supports
12-bit color depth and 68.7 billion colors.
DisplayPort
Digital audio/video interconnect standard, designed primarily for DPCP - DisplayPort Content Protection
use between a computer and display device. DisplayPort 2.0, DPCP is a content-protection scheme for DisplayPort developed
published in June 2019, supports data rates up to 80 Gbps. It by Advanced Micro Devices. Like HDCP 2.0, DPCP uses
is natively LVDS in modulation and supports 8K at 60 frames AES‑128 encryption. To date, DPCP has not been implemented
per second along with HDR support. DisplayPort is not directly by any manufacturer of source or display devices equipped with
compatible with DVI or HDMI, but a DisplayPort connector can DisplayPort. All devices currently on the market use HDCP for
pass these signals, and the standard does provide an emulation digital rights management.
mode for ease of integration with DVI or HDMI equipped products.

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DRM - Digital Rights Management Dual-Mode DisplayPort
A generic term for technologies such as content scrambling Allows DisplayPort sources to use a passive adapter on its output
in cable or satellite television transmission, HDCP, and DPCP to connect to HDMI, DVI, or VGA displays. Dual-Mode DP enables
that can be used to control the access to, or reproduction of, the source to output a TMDS signal. Also depicted as DP++.
copyrighted, commercially-available content. DRM is used
Duplex
primarily to prevent piracy, the unauthorized duplication and
Data transmission in both directions. Half duplex denotes
distribution of copyrighted material. However, DRM often also
transmission in one direction at a time, while full duplex refers
governs how content can be used. Commercially-available DVDs
to simultaneous transmission in both directions. In fiber optics,
and Blu-ray Discs, for example, are typically licensed for personal
duplex also refers to a type of cable comprising two fibers for
use in a residential environment.
duplex transmission.
Use of such content in a public venue, such as a school or
DVB/ASI - Digital Video Broadcasting/Asynchronous
business setting, without express consent or licensing by the
Serial Interface
copyright holder, is typically in violation of the media’s license.
A standard for the broadcast of digital television signals. Terrestrial
DSC - Display Stream Compression broadcast, primarily seen in Europe, is often stated as DVB-T.
Developed by VESA as an industry-wide compression standard In the US, DVB-S is often used for compression and encoding
for video interfaces that features low latency and visually lossless of digital satellite transmission; for terrestrial applications, North
performance supporting higher color depth and HDR. America utilizes the ATSC standard.

DTS Digital Surround DVI - Digital Visual Interface

A digital audio encoding and decoding technology from DTS, The digital video connectivity standard that was developed by the
Inc. that delivers 5.1 channels of surround sound. It is an optional DDWG - Digital Display Working Group. This connection standard
surround sound format for DVDs but is mandatory for Blu-ray offers two different connectors: one with 24 pins that handles
Disc. DTS Digital Surround has also been used in some LaserDisc digital video signals only and one with 29 pins that handles both
releases as well as CDs, and is also featured in some video digital and analog video. This standard uses TMDS - Transition
games. Minimized Differential Signaling from Silicon Image and DDC -
Display Data Channel from VESA - Video Electronics Standards
DTS-HD High Resolution Audio Association.
An extension to the DTS Digital Surround format that offers up to
7.1 channels at 24-bit resolution and 96 kHz sampling. DTS-HD DVI-D
High Resolution Audio is an optional surround sound format for A DVI connector that only supports the digital video signal by
Blu-ray Disc. eliminating the analog video pins from the connector.

DTS-HD Master Audio DVI-I

A lossless audio encoder/decoder technology from DTS, Inc. DVI connector that supports both digital and analog signals.
DTS-HD Master Audio allows a bit-for-bit representation of a
Dynamic IP Address
movie’s original studio master soundtrack and supports up to
An IP address that is automatically assigned to a client host in a
8 audio channels.
TCP/ IP network, typically by a DHCP server. Network devices
DTS-X that serve multiple users, such as servers and printers, are usually
An object-based audio codec, which aims to create a multi- assigned static (unchanging) IP addresses.
dimensional sound. It can support up to 32 speaker locations
Dynamic Range
and up to an 11.2-channel system. DTS-X is layered on top
The highest and lowest potential signal levels on a given device.
of the DTS-HD Master Audio soundtrack already existing on
Also applies to fiber optic applications in terms of the ratio
Blu-ray discs.
between the most – or strongest – and least – or weakest –
Dual-Link DVI observable optical signals.
A dual-link DVI output has two TMDS links and twice the
bandwidth of single-link DVI, and can therefore support much
higher resolutions. With two TMDS links, the number of data
channels is doubled, although there is still only one clock signal,
so both links are clocked identically. Also see “Single-Link DVI.”

Dual-Link HD-SDI
A method of applying two HD-SDI signals to deliver 1920x1080
video at 50 or 60 Hz as progressive frames, at 12-bit depth or
with 4:4:4 color quantization.

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EQ - Video Equalization
E Selective amplification (signal restoration) applied to a signal to
compensate for high frequency attenuation and other distortions
EDID - Extended Display Identification Data encountered in long lengths of cable.
EDID is a data structure used to communicate video display
information, including native resolution and vertical interval refresh A method of concealing and hiding the impact of data lost during
rate requirements, to a source device. The source device will transmission. In video streaming systems, error concealment
then output the optimal video format for the display based on the prevents lost network packets from disrupting a video frame or
provided EDID data, ensuring proper video image quality. This sequence of video frames. Also see "Forward Error Correction."
communication takes place over the DDC - Display Data Channel.
Error Detection and Correction
EDID Minder The ability to detect errors caused by interference or other
A proprietary EDID management process from Extron. EDID factors during the transmission of a signal, and then reconstruct
Minder automatically manages the EDID information between the received signal so that it is a faithful reproduction of the
a digital display device and one or more input sources. By original signal, without errors. A process known as Forward Error
maintaining continuous EDID communication with all sources, Correction is often used to allow the receiver to detect and correct
EDID Minder ensures that digital sources power up properly some errors without having to “ask” the transmitter to send
and maintain their video output, whether or not they are actively additional data.
connected to the digital display device.
Ethernet
Embedded Data A LAN - Local Area Network standard officially known as IEEE
Digital technologies such as SDI, DisplayPort, and HDMI can carry 802.3. Ethernet and other LAN technologies are used for
a variety of other data along with the primary video data, including interconnecting computers, printers, workstations, terminals,
audio, control, metadata such as content title or other identifying servers, etc. within the same building or campus. Ethernet
information, or other ancillary information. These data are said operates over twisted pair and over coaxial cable at speeds
to be embedded, as they travel with the primary signal from the starting at 10 Mbps. For LAN interconnectivity, Ethernet is a
source device to the destination. physical link and data link protocol reflecting the two lowest layers
of the OSI Reference Model.
Encoder
(1) In analog video, a device, often built into video cameras, that Eye Pattern
changes individual component signals into composite signals. For The representation of a digital signal on an oscilloscope in which
example, an encoder combines Y (luma) and C (chroma) signals to a digital data signal is repetitively sampled. Distortion in the signal
produce a video image. waveform due to interference and noise appears as closure of the
eye pattern. Signals that are poorly synchronized with the system
(2) In digital systems, a device, circuit, or algorithm that converts clock (also known as jitter), too high, too low, too noisy, too slow
information from one format to another. Video over IP encoders to change, or which have too much undershoot or overshoot,
take analog or digital video input signals and convert them to IP can be observed from the eye pattern. Eye patterns are used to
data streams which are transmitted over IP networks. evaluate the quality of digital signals when passed through cables
Encryption or signal extension devices, switchers, signal processors, and
To manipulate information into a coded form that cannot be read other electronics.
without a device that will unscramble the code. Video signals are
also scrambled in cable and pay TV systems so that the viewer
must pay to receive the program after it has been electronically
deciphered.
F
End Finish Fall Time
The end-face of an optical fiber at the ferrule, finished or polished The time it takes for the signal to transition from high to low.
to be smooth in order to minimize signal loss or back-reflection.
FCC - Federal Communications Commission
PC, SPC, UPC, and APC polishing finishes are available for
The US governmental agency that controls and makes all policy
singlemode connectors.
for the use of broadcast airwaves.
EOTF - Electro-Optical Transfer Function
FEC - Forward Error Correction
EOTF – Electro-Optical Transfer Function - of a display defines the
A system of error control for data transmission, whereby the
relationship between the display’s electrical input signal and the
sender adds redundant data to its messages, also known as
output luminance it generates.
an error correction code. This allows the receiver to detect and
correct errors (within some bound) without the need to ask
the sender for additional data. The amount of FEC required to

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guarantee delivery is not certain. Each application must consider Genlock
the predictability of the network and the amount of protection that A technique where the video output of one source, or a specific
is desired. reference signal, is used to synchronize other television picture
sources together. Video sources which are genlocked have
Ferrule
vertical sync pulses which are synchronized together.
A precision tube which centers an optical fiber and provides
stabilization and precise alignment. A ferrule may be part of a GHz
connector or a mechanical splice. Gigahertz. One billion cycles per second.

Fiber Giga
The basic optical transmission element. The components of a fiber The prefix abbreviation for billion. Giga is frequently shortened to
include the core, surrounded by the cladding, and then a coating G. For example, 1 GB = 1 billion bytes.
for protection. Specific optical properties of the core and cladding
Gnd
enable light to be contained within the core as it travels along
Ground. The ground is the common return path for electrical
the fiber.
signals. In serial data cables the ground pin on one end of the
fps - Frames per Second cable is tied to the ground pin on the other end of the cable.
A measure of information that is used to store and display motion
video. Each frame represents a still image and displaying frames
in succession creates the illusion of motion. The more fps, the H
smoother the motion appears.
H.264 Encoding
Frame Rate A standard for video compression equivalent to MPEG-4 Part 10
The frequency at which an imaging device produces unique, or MPEG-4 AVC - Advanced Video Coding. H.264 was created
consecutive images called frames. The term applies equally to to provide video quality suitable for high definition applications
computer graphics, video cameras, film cameras, and motion at bit rates lower than that utilized in MPEG-2, the compression
capture systems. Frame rate is most often expressed in fps and standard used in DVD authoring.
sometimes in progressive scan monitors as Hz - hertz. It can also
be seen as refresh rate or vertical scan rate. H.265 Encoding
High Efficiency Video Coding - HEVC - sometimes referred
FTP - File Transfer Protocol to as [Link] - Next-generation Video Coding - or H.265, is
A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network (Internet, the successor to H.264/MPEG-4 AVC developed by the Joint
UNIX, etc.). For example, after developing the HTML pages for a Collaborative Team on Video Coding - JCT-VC. HEVC is said
Web site on a local machine, they are typically uploaded to the to double the data compression ratio of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
Web server using FTP. with the same quality. It can support 8K and resolutions up to
Full Duplex 8192×4320. HEVC replaces macroblocks used previously with
The ability of a device or line to transmit data simultaneously in CTUs - Coding Tree Units, which can use larger block structures
both directions. of up to 64×64 pixels and can better sub-partition into variable
sized structures.
Full Duplex Operation
When data is both sent and received simultaneously. (i.e., sound Half Duplex
cards, network interface cards, and hubs). Data or audio transmission that can occur in two directions over
a single line, but only one direction at a time.

Handshake
G In communications, the moment when the transmitting and
receiving devices identify themselves to each other.
Gamma HCI - Host Controller Interface
A video display EOTF characterized by a power law relationship HCI enables the USB host controller to communicate with the
between the on-screen luminance and the input video signal host controller driver software running on the PC.
where: Luminance = (Input Signal)^ gamma.
HD Audio - High Definition Audio
Gateway High-resolution or High-definition audio is a term used for audio
A network node equipped for interfacing with another network that with sampling rate greater than 44.1 KHz and higher than 16-bit
uses different protocols. Also can be described as an entrance audio bit depth.
and exit into a communications network.

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Digital AV Glossary

HDBaseT and SMPTE ST 2086, MaxFALL, MaxCLL metadata. It is an open

A signal extension technology defined by the HDBaseT Alliance for standard and makes use of static metadata and implements the
combining and transporting HDMI audio/video, Ethernet, control same metadata for the entire movie. Supports 10-bit color depth
signals, and DC power using category-type twisted pair cable. and 1.07 billion colors.

HDCP - High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection HD-SDI

A digital rights management scheme developed by Intel to prevent The high-definition version of SDI specified in SMPTE-292M. This
the copying of digital video and audio content. HDCP support was signal standard transmits audio and video with 10 bit depth and
included from the beginning for the HDMI interface, optional for 4:2:2 color quantization over a single coaxial cable with a data rate
DVI. HDCP defines three basic system components: source, sink, of 1.485 Gbps. Multiple video resolutions are supported including
and repeater. progressive 1280x720 and interlaced 1920x1080 resolution. Up to
32 audio channels are carried in the ancillary data.
Sources send content to the display. Sources can be set-top
boxes, 4K Blu-ray Disc players, computer graphics cards, and so HDTV - High Definition Television
forth. A source can have only one HDCP transmitter. HDTV refers to a complete product/system with the following
minimum performance attributes: a receiver that receives ATSC
Sinks decrypt the content so it can be viewed. Sink is typically terrestrial digital transmissions and decodes all ATSC Table 3
used to describe a flat-panel display, television, or projector. Sinks video formats; a display scanning format with active vertical
can have one or more HDCP receivers. scanning lines of 720 progressive (720p), 1080 interlaced (1080i),
Repeaters sit between sources and sinks. They accept content, or higher; aspect ratio capabilities for displaying a 16:9 image;
decrypt it, then re-encrypt and transmit. Internally, a repeater may receives and reproduces, and/or outputs Dolby Digital audio.
provide signal processing, such as scaling, splitting out audio for HEVC
use in an analog audio playback system, or splitting the input data See “H.265 Encoding” in this guide.
stream for simultaneous viewing on multiple displays. Switchers,
matrix switchers, and distribution amplifiers are all examples of HID - Human Interface Device
repeaters. One of the most common device classes; it includes keyboards
and mice that typically communicate at Low Speed. USB
HDCP 2.2 Type 0/Type 1 ports can be restricted to connecting only HID devices. This
Variant of HDCP mapping defined by the HDCP 2.2 specification increases security by preventing data transfers from storage and
where content type determines re-encryption with lower HDCP communications devices that could infect a computer with a virus
version (such as 1.4) is permitted by devices en-route to the through a USB port.
display.
HLG - Hybrid Log Gamma
HDMI - High-Definition Multimedia Interface A high dynamic range video format jointly developed by the BBC
An interface for the digital transmission of uncompressed high and NHK to be backward compatible with standard dynamic
definition video, multi-channel audio, and control signals, over a range displays. HLG is not natively compatible with other HDR
single cable. HDMI is the de facto standard for consumer level formats such as HDR10 and Dolby Vision. HLG streamlines live
video sources and displays. HDR broadcast operations by eliminating the need for additional
HDMI Alt Mode metadata required by HDR10 and Dolby Vision.
See “Alternate Mode”. Horizontal Resolution
HDR - High Dynamic Range The number of vertical lines that can be perceived in a video
Image processing technique used to reproduce a greater dynamic device.
range with greater bit depth, luminance and color volume than Hot Plug/Hot Plug Detect
that of SDR - Standard Dynamic Range video. Describes a feature of DVI, HDMI, USB, and other digital
HDR10+ technologies which allows a host device, such as a computer, to
Royalty-free standard for HDR. It introduces dynamic metadata detect the presence of a new device without intervention by the
to HDR10. It has great brightness and better tone mapping. user. Hot Plug technology allows a new device to be added to a
Supports 10-bit color depth and 1.07 billion colors. Peak system while it’s still connected to a power source. Once the new
brightness is mastered from 1000 to 4000 cd/m2. device is connected, the Hot Plug Detect circuit, or HPD, senses
the new device and tells the rest of the system that the device is
HDR10 ready to either send or receive a data stream.
A high dynamic range media profile defined by the Consumer
Electronics Association for IP, HDMI, or other video delivery HTTP
sources to incorporate SMPTE ST 2084 EOTF; 4:2:0 chroma Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. A Web protocol based on TCP/IP
subsampling for compressed video; ITU-R BT.2020 color gamut; that is used to retrieve hypertext objects from remote Web pages.

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HTTPS IEEE 802.11ad
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure; communications protocol An amendment to the IEEE 802.11 wireless networking standard
for secure communication over a computer network with wide that provides for operation in the 60 GHz band, plus backward
deployment on the Internet to prevent wiretapping and man-in- compatibility for the traditional 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands.
the-middle attacks. 802.11ad products and technology are being marketed under the
name WiGig.
Hub
A shared transmission media to which devices on a network are This specification allows for data transmission rates up to 7 Gbps.
interfaced. Ethernet hubs have mostly given way to Ethernet In addition to wireless LAN applications, 802.11ad is targeted for
switches. wireless video transmission and connectivity to peripherals.

IEEE 802.11b
An enhancement of the original IEEE 802.11 wireless networking
I standard, offering backward compatibility, and a boost in data
transmission speed up to 11 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz band.
ICT - Image Constraint Token
Part of AACS, the Blu-ray Disc digital rights management system, IEEE 802.11g
the Image Constraint Token can cause the output of a Blu-ray An enhancement of the original IEEE 802.11 wireless networking
Disc player to be down-converted to low-resolution video, similar standard, offering wireless transmission up to 54 Mbps in the
in quality to a DVD. AACS requires that all components in the 2.4 GHz band, as well as interoperability with 802.11b devices.
display chain, from the source to the display device, be secured IEEE 802.11n
through HDCP or DPCP content protection. If the ICT flag is set IEEE 802.11n builds on previous IEEE 802.11 wireless networking
and the Blu-ray player is connected to a device that does not standards by incorporating multiple-input and multiple-output
support HDCP, for example an analog television or video recorder, - MIMO technology, and operation in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
the player automatically reduces the high-definition video quality to bands. MIMO allows the aggregation of up to four spatial data
a maximum of 960x540 pixels before outputting it. streams to deliver higher data rates up to a theoretical maximum
IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers of 600 Mbps.
The IEEE is an industry organization that undertakes the IEEE 802.3
development of standards for electronic interfaces, wireless and The IEEE standard for Ethernet networks.
wired networks, and related technologies. [Link].
IGMP - Internet Group Management Protocol
IEEE 1394 Host-to-router signaling protocol for IPv4 to report their multicast
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers standard 1394. group memberships to neighboring routers and determine
Also known as FireWire (a trademark of Apple) and [Link] (a whether group members are present during IP multicasting.
trademark of Sony), IEEE 1394 is a serial digital format that Similarly, multicast routers, such as E-Series routers, use IGMP to
handles a wide range of data. IEEE 1394 offers peer-to-peer discover which of their hosts belong to multicast groups and to
interface capability, so it does not require computer support. determine if group members are present.
IEEE 802.11 IGMP Querying
A series of IEEE specifications for WLANs - wireless local area IGMP multicast streaming requires that layer 3 routing devices
networks. The original IEEE 802.11 standard provided for 1 or send out IGMP group membership queries. This allows network
2 Mbps transmission in the 2.4 GHz band using either FHSS - ports subscribing to a multicast to be identified in group
frequency hopping spread spectrum or DSSS - direct sequence membership tables through snooping by network switches. IGMP
spread spectrum. IEEE 802.11 has continued to evolve with many snooping will not work without presence of the querying activity.
subsequent revisions.
IGMP Snooping
IEEE 802.11a A feature that allows a switch to “listen in” for multicast join
An extension to the IEEE 802.11 standard, specifying up to requests on a network and deliver to end-point network devices
54 Mbps in the 5 GHz band. IEEE 802.11a was ratified after when requested. A switch which supports IGMP snooping will
802.11b. not flood all of its ports with multicast traffic. IGMP snooping is
IEEE 802.11ac supported in Layer 3 switches and some Layer 2 switches.
An enhancement of the IEEE 802.11 wireless networking InfoFrame
standard, incorporating MIMO technology with up to eight Metadata transmitted over HDMI or DisplayPort that describes
aggregated spatial data streams, up to 433 Mbps per spatial various properties of the audio and video being transferred.
stream, and the ability for multiple users to access MIMO InfoFrame data and formatting is defined by the CEA-861
transmissions. 802.11ac devices operate in the 5 GHz band. standard.

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Digital AV Glossary

Interlace of compression can be adjusted, allowing a selectable tradeoff

In TV, each video frame is divided into two fields with one field between storage size and image quality. JPEG typically achieves
composed of odd numbered horizontal scan lines and the other 10:1 compression with little perceptible loss in image quality.
displayed on an alternating basis. Produces blocking artifacts.

IP - Internet Protocol JPEG 2000

Internet Protocol defines addressing methods and structures A wavelet-based image compression standard and coding
for datagram encapsulation allowing delivery of packets from a system. There is a modest increase in compression performance
source to a destination based purely on addressing. of JPEG 2000 compared to JPEG, the main advantage offered
by JPEG 2000 is the significant flexibility of the codestream which
IP Address
allows for representing the image at various resolutions.
A numerical label assigned to devices in a network that uses the
Internet Protocol. The IP address for the source and destination Judder
are included in an IP datagram. A motion artifact whereby image elements appear to move with
stepped, rather than smooth, motion. Commonly occurring in
IR Control - Infrared
content converted to 30 fps or 60 fps from a 24 fps or 25 fps
A wireless medium of remote control, which sends signals to a
source, video judder has multiple causes including errors in frame
device via pulses, transmitted in the infrared light spectrum. Its
rate conversion, telecine pulldown detection, or deinterlacing.
use is restricted to equipment within line-of-sight or reflections off
a wall, ceiling, or a projector screen. This is sometimes called IR
remote. Infrared control uses IR frequency range with modulation
rate (carrier frequency) between 36 KHz - 60 KHz for controlling K
AV devices.
Key Minder®
ITU - International Telecommunication Union
A technology from Extron for managing HDCP authentication keys
Formerly known as the CCIR - Comité consultatif international
in a switching and distribution system. Key Minder authenticates
pour la radio or International Radio Consultative Committee.
and maintains continuous HDCP encryption between input
A global organization responsible for establishing television
and output devices to ensure quick and reliable switching in
standards.
professional AV environments, while enabling simultaneous
ITU-R BT.2020 distribution of a single source signal to one or more displays.
See “BT.2020”.
Keys
ITU-R BT.601 See “KSV - Key Selection Vector.”
Formerly known as CCIR 601. A serial digital form of component
KSV - Key Selection Vector
video developed by the International Telecommunication Union
A unique numerical key used in content protection or digital
for the digitization of color video signals. ITU-R BT.601 is the
rights management schemes such as HDCP. Keys are used to
digital equivalent to Y, R-Y, B-Y, component analog video, and is
authenticate devices connected to one another, to ensure that
transmitted on one coax cable instead of three. It is also called
a source is connected to a display and not a digital recording
4:2:2, which refers to the number of samples taken from each of
device.
the video channels: for every four samples of the Y (luminance)
channel, the two color difference channels, R-Y and B-Y, are
sampled twice.
L

J LAN - Local Area Network

Supplies networking capability to two or more devices in close
Jitter proximity to each other such as in an office building, a school, or
A deviation in the timing of a digital signal, usually in relevance a home. A LAN is useful for sharing resources like files, printers,
to a reference clock source. Jitter can occur over long lengths games or other applications. A LAN in turn often connects to
of low quality cable, or through the cumulative effect caused by other LANs, and to the Internet or other WAN.
cascading several digital devices in line between the source and Laser - Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of
destination. Radiation
An optical source that generates coherent light within a narrow
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
band of wavelengths.
Commonly used method of lossy compression for photographic
images using a discreet cosine transfer function. The degree

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Laser-Optimized Multimode Fiber Low Noise Triangular Waveform Generator
A multimode fiber with higher bandwidth than legacy multimode A triangle generator is the heart of a Class D amplifier. Triangle
fiber, designed for transmission with laser based sources such generators have audio band noise content, which can be reduced
as VCSEL. to equal that of a low noise op amp by use of a closed loop
feedback system, thereby providing lower audio noise floor.
Latency
A measure of time delay experienced in a system, the precise LPCM - Linear PCM
definition of which depends on the system and the time being A specific method of pulse code modulation that is used to
measured. In video processing or encoding products, it is a represent an analog waveform as a sequence of amplitude values.
measure of the amount of time used to process an input signal. LPCM has been defined as part of the DVD and Blu-ray Disc
In a packet-switched network it is measured either one-way (the standards, and is also used by HDMI. Also see “PCM - Pulse
time from the source sending a packet to the destination receiving Code Modulation.
it), or round-trip (the one-way latency from source to destination
Luminance
plus the one-way latency from the destination back to the source).
The measurement of the black to white value for a pixel.
LCD
Liquid Crystal Display. A panel that utilizes two transparent sheets
of polarizing material with a liquid containing rod-shaped crystals
between them. When a current is applied to specific pixel-like M
areas, those crystals align to create dark images. The dark areas
are combined with light areas to create text and images on the MAC - Media Access Control
panel. LCD panels do not emit light but are often back-lit or side-lit The Media Access Control data communication protocol sub-layer
for better viewing. provides addressing and channel access control mechanisms
that make it possible for several terminals or network nodes to
Lightning Connector communicate within a multi-point network, typically a local area
Lightning is a proprietary computer bus and power connector network - LAN. Access to the media may be spread out over time,
created and designed by Apple. The Lightning connector is used or as in Ethernet, a mechanism is developed which allows random
to connect Apple mobile devices like iPhones, iPads, and iPods access, but provides a method for reattempting use of the media
to host computers, external monitors, cameras, USB battery if a collision is experienced.
chargers, and other peripherals.
Macrobending
Lip Sync A term that describes a macroscopic deviation of an optical fiber’s
A technical term for matching lip movements seen in a video axis from a straight line due to bending, to the extent that optical
picture with voice. Audio and video is synchronized when lip sync loss occurs.
is maintained.
Managed Switch
HDMI versions 1.3 and up incorporate logic to attempt to A network switch that can be configured and properly managed
compensate for display video delay in residential applications and using software tools. It allows the users the means to monitor the
automatically time-align. With HDMI versions 2.0 and up, the network and control over traffic.
value can change dynamically.
Matrix Switcher
Loss Budget A means of selecting an input source and connecting it to one or
A specified, maximum tolerable loss of optical power, or more outputs. Like a regular switcher, but with multiple inputs and
attenuation of light, as it passes through a fiber optic system. multiple outputs.
Lossless MaxCLL
When using compression to reduce text and/or graphic files, Maximum content light level – video stream metadata that
some techniques discard data in the process. Methods that indicates the highest luminance value of any pixel in the entire
compress files without losing data are called lossless. content stream.
Lossy MaxErr - Maximum Error
A term to describe compression techniques that throw away data MaxErr is the maxium recorded value of the residual error in the
as part of the process. The more data loss, the smaller the file, modulated signal. In HDBaseT, it is the absolute value of the
and the lower the quality (grainy or jagged edged) of the image. maximal distance between the input signal on a given channel
Lossy compression methods include JPEG and MPEG. Note: with and the decision threshold in the HDBaseT modulation detection
JPEG, high means high compression (greater loss) and low means scheme.
low compression (less loss).

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MaxFALL information such as motion video, CD-quality audio, and control

Maximum frame average light level – video stream metadata that data at CD-ROM bandwidth. The MPEG algorithm provides inter-
indicates the highest average luminance value of any frame in the frame compression of video images and can have an effective
entire content stream. compression rate of 100:1 to 200:1.

Mechanical Splice MPEG-2

A splice between optical fibers accomplished by using a The second generation standard for video compression of audio
mechanical fixture and an index gel, rather than by thermal fusion. and video applying the discrete cosine transform. The standard
includes a combination of lossy video and audio compression
MHz - Megahertz methods which permit storage and transmission of movies using
One million hertz (cycles per second). Video bandwidth is
currently available storage media and transmission bandwidth.
measured in megahertz.
Commonly used for digital television transmission, DVD, and other
Microbend similar equipment.
A localized defect in an optical fiber at the core-cladding boundary,
MPEG-4
caused by mechanical stress that results in sharp, microscopic
A patented collection of methods defining compression of AV
curvatures in the fiber.
digital data. Uses of MPEG-4 include compression of AV data
Miracast for Web (streaming media) and CD distribution, voice (telephone,
A protocol developed by the Wi-Fi Alliance for streaming of audio videophone) and broadcast television applications. MPEG-4
and video media between devices over a Wi-Fi connection. absorbs many of the features of MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 and
other related standards, adding new features such as (extended)
M-JPEG - Motion JPEG VRML support for 3D rendering, object-oriented composite files
M-JPEG video compression applies the discrete cosine transform (including audio, video, and VRML objects), support for externally-
to each video frame independently. No temporal compression is specified Digital Rights Management and various types of
applied in M-JPEG and no frame interdependence exists as with interactivity.
MPEG compression. Each video frame is encoded as though it is
an MPEG I-frame. Editing and random access are easily facilitated MSE - Mean Squared Error
in product designs applying M-JPEG. The per-channel mean square of the residual error for any
modulated signal. In HDBaseT, it is the per-channel mean square
MMF - Multimode Fiber of the residual error for PAM-8/16.
An optical fiber that allows for the propagation of more than one
mode or light path. It is commonly used with LED light sources for MST - Multi-Stream Transport
shorter distance links. One of the two DisplayPort transport modes. DisplayPort
MST allows the daisy chain of monitors supporting multiple
Mode downstream sink devices.
A path for light within an optical fiber. Singlemode fiber comprises
a single path, while in multimode fiber, there are multiple light Mullion
paths. The physical bezel surrounding the screen of a display device.
Stacking display devices to form a videowall creates a crisscross
Modem pattern of space between the active screen areas, with the
Modulator/demodulator. A device that puts information on a appearance of mullions in a window pane.
carrier signal and transmits it over a (phone) network. The same
device receives such signals and demodulates, or separates the Multicast
information from the carrier. A modem connects computers with Multicast addressing is a network technology for the delivery of
other communication devices through ordinary phone lines. information to a group of destinations simultaneously using the
most efficient strategy to deliver the messages over each link of
Modulation the network only once, creating copies only when the links to the
The process of adding an information signal to a carrier frequency multiple destinations split. A single stream is sent from the source
to allow it to be transmitted. Thus, the carrier is modulated by the to a group of recipients. The delivery of information is broadcast
information signal, as in a modem. across the network and destinations can subscribe to receive
Mono channel information.
A process of driving multitude of audio signals on a single audio Multicast DNS
channel. A protocol that resolves hostnames to IP addresses within small
MPEG - Moving Picture Experts Group networks that do not include a local name server. It relates to
A standards committee under the auspices of the International Apple’s technology of zero configuration networking known as
Standards Organization working on algorithm standards that allow “Bonjour” that provides discover services for AirPlay in Extron’s
digital compression, storage, and transmission of moving image ShareLink products.

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Multichannel Non-Blocking Network Switches
Multichannel surround sound adds a front center speaker A switch that is capable of handling theoretical total of all the ports,
between the front left and right speakers — plus two surround such that any routing request to any output port can be established
speakers for the sides of the room. successfully without interfering other traffic.

Multi-Rate SDI NTP - Network Time Protocol

The capability to support multiple SMPTE digital video standards, NTP is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between
including SMPTE 424M (2.97 Gbps 3G-SDI), SMPTE 292M electronic systems over data networks.
(1.485 Gbps HD-SDI), and SMPTE 259M (270 Mbps SDI).

O
N
OLED
NAT - Network Address Translation OLED is a type of flat panel display consisting of an array of organic
Method of concealing a set of host addresses on a private light emitting diodes and inherently advantageous for HDR because
network behind a pool of public addresses. It allows conservation each individual pixel emits its own light and can be turned off
of registered IP addresses within private networks and simplifies IP completely.
address management tasks through a form of transparent routing,
Optical Ethernet
and increases network privacy by hiding internal IP addresses
An optical connection for delivering Ethernet packets. Ethernet
from external networks.
signals have been traditionally interfaced on twisted pair cable.
Native Resolution Optical Ethernet connections are used to preserve quality delivering
Refers to the single fixed resolution of an LCD, plasma, or other the same signal over a greater distance or security concerns.
fixed matrix display. An image said to match the native resolution
Optical Link
of a display is one where pixels between the image source and
A single fiber optic signal path or point-to-point fiber optic
display are perfectly aligned and require no additional scaling or
connection between a transmitter and receiver, including
other signal processing.
connectors, fiber, splices, and other fiber optic components in
Network Router the path.
A network device that forwards packets from one network to
OSI Model - Open System Interconnection Reference Model
another. Routing is a Layer 3 function. Routers forward packets
OSI Reference Model is a definition for layered communications
based on programmed or “learned” routing tables. Each incoming
and computer network protocol design. It was developed as part
network packet is examined and a decision is made where to
of the OSI initiative. The OSI model divides the network architecture
forward it. The destination address in the packets determines the
into seven layers starting from the bottom up: Physical, Data Link,
port where outgoing packets are needed. In large-scale enterprise
Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application Layers.
routers, the current traffic load, congestion, line costs, and
other factors determine which line to forward to. Routers enable Overhead
internetworking or the connection of many networks. Any data transferred on a communication link which is in addition
to the content or data that is delivered. In IP networks, overhead
Network Switch
includes: addressing, control, routing, redundant, error checking,
A device that cross-connects network devices. Today, switches
and error concealment data.
are broadly deployed on modern industrial and consumer
networks. Switching is a Layer 2 function. Ethernet frames Overscan
are delivered between MAC addresses connected to network The result of the TV scan lines exceeding the boundaries of the
switches. display screen.
Nit
A unit of measurement of luminance, or the intensity of visible light,
where one nit is equal to one candela per square meter. P
Non-Blocking Matrix Switchers
These are true matrix switchers allowing any input to switch to any Packet
or all outputs. They have no switching limitations contingent on A block of data that is transmitted over a network in a packet-
hardware or software. Extron builds only true matrix switchers with switched system. A packet is also referred to as a frame or
all switching paths available at all times; there is no blocking. datagram.

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Digital AV Glossary

Packet Jitter PQ - Perceptual Quantizer

The term “jitter” is used as a measure of the variability over time A video display EOTF optimized for high dynamic range with
of the packet latency across a network. In real-time applications maximum luminance of 10,000 nits. It was initially devel-
such as VoIP and video, variation in the rate at which packets in oped by Dolby Laboratories and has been standardized as
SMPTE ST 2084.
a stream are received that can cause quality degradation. Video

decoders must account for jitter which may be experienced
Program Speaker
delivering packets across a network. Two-channel sound is reproduced in a left and a right speaker.
Packet Loss Propagation Delay
Occurs when one or more packets of data traveling across a The amount of time that passes between when a signal is
computer network fail to reach their destination. Packet loss is transmitted and when it is received at the opposite end of a
distinguished as one of the three main error types encountered in processor, amplifier, or cable.
digital communications; the other two being bit error and spurious
packets caused due to noise. Packet loss is typically experienced Protocol
in the real world as a random burst of packet loss. A set of agreed-upon standards that define the format, order,
timing, handshaking, and error checking method for data transfer
PanelLink® between two pieces of equipment.
Silicon Image’s TMDS - Transition Minimized Differential Signaling
all-digital video transmission standard. PanelLink technology was Protocol Independent Multicasting
designed to provide the bandwidth necessary to support digital A set of multicast routing protocols for IP - Internet Protocol
displays. networks that facilitates one-to-many and many-to-many
distribution of data over a LAN, WAN or the Internet.
PCM - Pulse Code Modulation
The digital representation of an analog audio signal. PCM is the PURE3 Codec
standard form of digital audio in computers and the compact disc A codec which is capable of encoding and streaming both video
- CD “red book” format, as well as the standard used for the audio and computer graphic inputs and a wide variety of resolutions,
portion of digital video recording. preserving equal quality for both signal formats. It preserves a
balance between three performance factors low latency, low
Peripherals bandwidth and high image quality. The PURE3 Codec has been
Peripheral devices are entities such as keyboards, mice, printers, optimized for use on IP networks which are acknowledged to be
etc. that provide capabilities to the bus. lossy. The codec includes an error concealment system which
Pixel - Picture Element is highly resistant to network errors without using forward error
The smallest unit or area of a video screen image that can be correction.
turned on or off, or varied in intensity.

Pixel Clock - Dot Clock

The pixel clock divides the incoming horizontal line of video into Q
pixels. This pixel clock has to be stable (a very small amount of
jitter) relative to the incoming video or the picture will not be stored Qos - Quality of Service
correctly. The higher the frequency of the pixel clock, the more Describes the performance, such as transmission rates and error
pixels that will appear across the screen (pixel resolution). rates, of a communications channel or system. A suite of features
that configure queuing and scheduling on the forwarding path
Pixel Resolution
of an E-Series router. QoS provides a level of predictability and
In computer graphics and video images, the number of pixels in
control beyond the best-effort delivery that the router provides by
the display. For example, a picture with 1024x768 pixels is much
default. Best-effort service provides packet transmission with no
sharper, or has higher resolution, than a picture with 640x480
assurance of reliability, delay, jitter, or throughput.
pixels. The total number of pixels is the product of these two
numbers. Quantization Range
The Quantization Range determines the number of distinct colors
Power Amplifier
used in an image to match the original image. “Full” quantization
An electronic amplifier that amplifies low-power electronic audio
range is typically using values 0 to 255, “Limited” quantization
signals to a level that is high enough for driving loudspeakers
or headphones. Amplifiers from Extron make use of CDRS™ – range is typically using values 16 to 235, in accordance with
Class D Ripple Steering technology which supports high signal ITU‑R. Recommendation BT.601 and Rec. BT.709. Note that
fidelity and clear audio. although the quantization range is reduced, total signal bandwidth
remains unchanged compared to RGB as values 0‑15 and
236‑255 remain intact but reserved for special use.

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 R Rise time
The amount of time it takes for a digital signal to transition from
low to high.
Rec. 2020
See “BT.2020.” RJ-45
Registered Jack-45. A connector similar to a telephone connector
Rec. 709
that holds up to eight wires, used for connecting Ethernet devices.
See “BT.709.”
Room Scheduling Panels
Reclocking
Touch panels that connect to a variety of popular calendar
Reclocking is a process that is used to restore the amplitude,
services and provide information for the users to see if a room
rise and fall times, and clock rate attributes of a digital signal.
is occupied or available. Extron’s Room Scheduling can be
Reclocking can add a small amount of time delay to the signal.
customized using easy-to-use Room Agent Software.
Refresh Rate
RS-232
Also called “vertical scan frequency” or “vertical scan rate.” The
An Electronic Industries Association - EIA serial digital interface
number of times in a second that display hardware draws a new
standard specifying the characteristics of the communication path
video frame.
between two devices using either DB-9 or DB-25 connectors.
Regeneration This standard is used for relatively short-range communications
A mechanism to clean up signal timing based on signal clock and and does not specify balanced control lines. RS-232 is a serial
reduces jitter. control standard with a set number of conductors, data rate, word
length, and type of connector to be used. The standard specifies
Repeater - See HDCP
component connection standards with regard to the computer
Resolution interface. It is also called RS-232-C, which is the third version of
The density of lines or dots that make up an image. Resolution the RS-232 standard, and is functionally identical to the CCITT
determines the detail and quality in the image. A measure of the V.24 standard.
ability of a camera or video system to reproduce detail, or the
RS-422
amount of detail that can be seen in an image. Resolution is often
An Electronic Industries Association - EIA serial digital interface
expressed as a number of pixels, but more correctly, it is the
standard intended to replace RS-232 standard. This standard
bandwidth. A sharp, clear picture has high resolution. Also see
offers data transmission rates as high as 10 Mbps and can be
“Resolution-Horizontal” and “Resolution-Vertical.”
sent as long as 1500 meters at lower speeds. RS-422 specifies
Resolution - Horizontal differential signaling with better immunity from noise. Also known
The amount of detail in a horizontal direction in a video image. It as TIA/EIA-422.
is expressed as the number of distinct vertical lines, alternately
RS-485
black and white, that can be seen in the width of the picture.
An EIA standard for multipoint communications. It is similar to
This information is usually derived from observation of the vertical
RS-422, but can support several nodes per line because it uses
wedge of the test pattern. Horizontal resolution depends on
lower impedance drivers and receivers and allows for addressing.
the high frequency amplitude and phase response of the pick-
Data transmission rates as high as 10 Mbps and distance as
up equipment, as well as the transmission medium and the
long as 1200 meters at lower speeds is possible. Also known as
monitor itself.
TIA/EIA-485.
Resolution - Vertical
RTMP - Real Time Messaging Protocol
The amount of resolvable detail in a vertical direction in a video
RTMP works on top of TCP and uses port number 1935 by
image. It is expressed as the number of distinct horizontal lines,
default. Adobe has developed RTMP, RTMPS, RTMPE, RTMFP,
alternately black and white, that can be seen in a test pattern.
and HTTP Dynamic Streaming protocols for use with Adobe Flash
Vertical resolution is primarily determined by the number of
Player. Each protocol offers unique security, encryption, latency,
horizontal scanning lines in a frame.
and firewall traversal capabilities.
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RTMPS - RTMP Secure
High frequency interference from transmissions such as
Real Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) over a TLS/SSL
telephones, microwaves, and television stations.
connection.
Ripple
Generally referring to the wavelike variations in the amplitude
response of a filter.

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Digital AV Glossary

RTP - Real-time Transport Protocol Also stated as “S/N ratio”. The ratio is expressed in decibels as a
A network protocol for delivering audio and video over IP ratio between the audio or video signal level and that of the noise
networks. Broadly used by hardware encoding and decoding accompanying the signal. The higher the S/N ratio, the better the
products, but it may not be applied in the same manner on every quality of the sound or picture.
streaming product. RTP used along with UDP network transport
Single-Link DVI
supports high speed transport on networks.
The electrical signaling used to transmit data over DVI is known
as transition minimized differential signaling, or TMDS. A single
TMDS link carries three data channels and one clock signal, with
a maximum video frequency of 165 MHz, capable of standard
S resolutions up to 1920x1200 pixels. Also see “Dual-Link DVI.”

S/PDIF - Sony/Philips Digital Interconnect Format Single-Link HD-SDI - See SMPTE 292M
A data protocol for compressed or uncompressed digital audio
co-developed by Sony and Philips Electronics and now part of
Sink - See HDCP
the larger AES/EBU audio standard. S/PDIF is often misconstrued Skew
as a connection type; however, S/PDIF audio can be found in Refers to the timing difference which occurs when electrical
products using either a 75 ohm coaxial connection or a TOSLINK signals that are traveling over different pairs of cables reach their
fiber optic connection. S/PDIF is commonly found in Compact destinations at different times. The different arrival times of the
Disc and DVD players. signals may present a problem when simultaneous arrival with no
delay is required.
Scaling
Conversion of a video or computer graphic signal from a starting SMF - Singlemode Fiber
resolution to a new resolution. Scaling from one resolution to An optical fiber with a small core, through which only a single
another is typically done to optimize the signal for input to an mode can propagate.
image processor, transmission path, or to improve its quality when
presented on a particular display. SMPTE - Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
A global organization, based in the United States, that sets
SDI - Serial Digital Interface standards for baseband visual communications. This includes film
Standard definition video is carried on this 270 Mbps data transfer as well as video and television standards.
rate. Video pixels are characterized with a 10-bit depth and 4:2:2
color quantization. Ancillary data is included on this interface SMPTE 259M
and typically includes audio or other metadata. Up to 16 audio Defines the SDI serial digital interface common to most standard
channels can be transmitted. Audio is organized into blocks of definition digital video products. SMPTE 259M includes several
four stereo channel pairs. data rates, including 143 Mbps (NTSC composite digital), 177
Mbps (PAL composite digital), 270 Mbps (4:2:2 component digital,
SDR - Standard Dynamic Range 4:3 standard video aspect), and 360 Mbps (4:2:2 component
Describes video using conventional gamma curve with bit depth of digital, 16:9 widescreen video aspect). Of the group, 270 Mbps
8 bits per sample. and 360 Mbps are the most common data rates.
Secure File Transfer Protocol SMPTE 292M
A network protocol provides file access, file transfer, and file Defines the HD-SDI high definition serial digital interface.
management over a secure shell data stream. Also known as SSH SMPTE 292M has data rate of 1.485 Gbps for 4:2:2 component
File Transfer Protocol. digital in 16:9 widescreen video aspect. Full bandwidth HD-SDI can
be transmitted 300 feet (100 m) on standard RG6 coaxial cable,
Serial Data
and more than 60 miles (100 km) using fiber optic technology.
A way to transfer information by breaking the characters of a word
SMPTE 292M is considered a single link HD-SDI signal, in that only
into bits, which are then transmitted sequentially along a single
one coaxial cable is required to transmit the data.
line. Compare to parallel, which uses more than one line.

SFTP - SSH File Transfer Protocol SMPTE 310

A broadcast standard for transmitting one or more DTV - digital
Network protocol for secure file transfer over secured shell.
television channels, and ancillary content, as part of a single
Signal Integrity data stream.
Set of measures of the quality of a signal, such as crosstalk,
distortion, signal loss, noise, etc.
SMPTE 372M
Defines a full bandwidth, 4:4:4 RGB color space and data rates
Signal-to-Noise ratio up to 2.97 Gbps, which is sufficient for 1080p/60 and 1080p/24sf
video streams. SMPTE 372M is most commonly associated

­140 Extron Digital Design Guide

with dual-link HD-SDI, wherein two coaxial cables are used to A color space widely used in computers, monitors, and the
carry alternate pixels, thus doubling the data rate and available Internet, as well as consumer digital cameras, printers, and
resolution. The 2K format in digital cinema, 2048x1080/60 and scanners. sRGB incorporates the same color space primaries
4:4:4 RGB color space, is the highest data rate possible with a as defined in ITU-R Recommendation BT.709, the international
dual-link HD‑SDI connection. standard for high definition video.

SMPTE 424M SRTP - Secure RTP

Defines a full bandwidth, 4:4:4 RGB color space and data rates Designed to provide encryption, message authentication and
up to 2.97 Gbps on a single coaxial cable. SMPTE 424M integrity, and replay attack protection to the RTP data in both
is colloquially known as 3G-SDI, a term used to describe unicast and multicast applications.
2.97 Gigabits per second digital video over a single-link coaxial
SSH - Secure Shell
cable. 3G-SDI is capable of supporting HDTV 1080p video at
Network protocol for operating network services securely over an
50 or 60 frames per second. Most 3G-SDI terminal equipment,
unsecured network.
such as Extron 3G-SDI matrix switchers, simple switchers,
distribution amplifiers, cable equalizers, and fiber optic extenders, SST - Single Stream Transport
is capable of supporting standard SDI data rates from 270 Mbps One of the two DisplayPort transport modes - SST and
to 2.97 Gbps. MST - Multi Stream Transport. DisplayPort SST handles only one
downstream device.
SMPTE ST-2081
Defines a full bandwidth, 4:4:4 RGB color space and data rates Static IP
up to 6 Gbps on a single coaxial cable. SMPTE ST-2081 is An IP address that has been specifically assigned (as opposed
colloquially known as 6G-SDI, a term used to describe 6 Gigabits to dynamically assigned – see “DHCP”) to a device or system in
per second digital video over a single-link coaxial cable. 6G-SDI is a network configuration. This type of address requires manual
capable of supporting 2160p at 30 frames per second or 1080p configuration of the actual network device or system, and can only
video at 120 frames per second. be changed manually or by enabling DHCP.
SMPTE ST-2082 Stereo
Defines a full bandwidth, 4:4:4 RGB color space and data rates A process of using separate audio signals on separate channels
up to 12 Gbps on a single coaxial cable. SMPTE ST-2082 for the left and right audio, thereby giving depth, or dimension to
is colloquially known as 12G-SDI, a term used to describe the sound.
12 Gigabits per second digital video over a single-link coaxial
cable. 12G-SDI is capable of supporting 2160p video at STP - Shielded Twisted Pair
60 frames per second. Most 12G-SDI terminal equipment, such CATx cable with internal metallic electromagnetic shielding for
as Extron 12G-SDI switchers, distribution amplifiers, and cable individual pairs and/or the cable overall.
equalizers, is capable of supporting standard SDI data rates from Subwoofer
270 Mbps to 11.88 Gbps. A loudspeaker component designed to reproduce low-pitched
SMPTE/DCI P3 audio frequencies known as bass and sub-bass, lower in
A color space defined within the DCI - Digital Cinema Initiatives frequency. Typically, the frequency range is 20-200 Hz.
specification for digital cinema systems. SMPTE/DCI P3 offers Switch
a color gamut wider than the ITU-R Recommendation BT.709 A device that cross-connects network devices. Today, switches
or sRGB color spaces, but less than ITU-R Recommendation are broadly deployed on modern industrial and consumer
BT.2020. networks. Switching is a Layer 2 function. Ethernet frames
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol are delivered between MAC addresses connected to network
A communication protocol (push) for electronic mail transmission. switches.

Source Sync - Synchronization

The optical source in a fiber optic system, usually an LED or In video, sync is a means of controlling the timing of an event with
laser diode. respect to other events. This is accomplished with timing pulses to
insure that each step in a process occurs at the correct time. For
Splice example, horizontal sync determines exactly when to begin each
A permanent connection between the ends of two optical horizontal scan line. Vertical sync determines when the image is
fibers by mechanically joining them together, or heating to fuse to be refreshed to start a new field or frame. There are many other
them together. types of sync in a video system. Also known as “sync signal” or
“sync pulse.”
sRGB
Sync Generator

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Digital AV Glossary

A circuit that produces sync impulses used to control the time An optical fiber connection standard for digital audio developed
when certain events happen electronically. Also known as a by Toshiba. TOSLINK is commonly used for audio output
“synchronizing pulse generator. from CD and DVD players, as well as some game consoles. A
generic name, “EIAJ optical,” is sometimes used to describe this
Sync Polarity
standard.”
(1) A circuit can be designed to operate on the positive-going or
negative-going part of the sync pulse. Some equipment has a Touch Panel or Touchpanel
sync polarity option switch to allow selecting which edge (plus or A control panel with a flat surface (usually with graphic divisions or
minus) to trigger on. buttons) that functions as a switch or control. Also called a touch
screen.
(2) This refers to the duty cycle of the sync signal. A positive
polarity sync signal is low most of the time, and high for a short TP - Twisted Pair
time. Negative polarity sync is high most of the time and low for a Cable that uses small twisted pairs of wires in a common jacket/
short time. sheath to transmit and receive network or telephone signals;
can be either shielded or unshielded. The Extron product family
Synchronization
includes twisted pair transmitters, twisted pair receivers, and
Timekeeping which requires the coordination of events to operate
twisted pair cabling.
a system in unison. Synchronization in video systems can refer to
a number of items. Lip-sync is the synchronization of audio and Tri-Level Sync
video. Genlock refers to alignment of vertical sync in video signals. A sync level scheme developed for HDTV in which the sync
Frame sync or frame lock refers to the alignment of video frames line first goes low, then transitions high while going through
in systems with multiple video sources. the reference voltage level, and then drops back down to the
reference voltage. The transition of the positive-going sync signal
through the reference voltage is the sync trigger.

T
TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol U
The communication protocol of the Internet. Computers and
devices with direct access to the Internet are provided with a UC - Unified Communications
copy of the TCP/IP program to allow them to send and receive A concept describing a consistent unified user interface and user
information in an understandable form. experience across multiple devices and media types, instant
messaging, voice, web & video conferencing, and data sharing.
Telnet
A computer network utility available on most PCs that allows the UHD Blu-ray
computer system to communicate with one of its remote users An optical disc storage medium. UHD Blu-ray is capable of
or clients. A user who wishes to access a remote system initiates storing 4K video, audio, and data with a capacity of up to 100 GB
a Telnet session using the address of the remote client. The user per disc.
may be prompted to provide a user name and password if the
Ultra HD
client is set up to require them.
Video resolution at 3840x2160 pixels, with frame rates from 24 to
Thunderbolt 60 fps. Ultra HD is often mentioned along with 4K.
A digital connection interface introduced by Intel in 2009 to
Unmanaged Switch
connect computers to a wide range of external devices including
A network switch that requires no input configuration from the
high speed storage drives and video displays. Each Thunderbolt
user. Typically, the configuration is locked to manufacturer’s
connection consists of four lanes, two for transmit and two for
specification and provides consumers to connect everything up
receive, with 10 Gbps per lane. The Thunderbolt connector
and get going.
is physically identical to a Mini DisplayPort connector and the
Thunderbolt data interface is a hybrid of PCIe - PCI Express and USB - Universal Serial Bus
DisplayPort protocols. USB was developed by seven PC and telecom industry leaders
(Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Northern
TMDS - Transition Minimized Differential Signaling
Telecom). The goal was easy plug-and-play expansion outside
An all-digital video transmission standard developed by Silicon
the box, requiring no additional circuit cards. Up to 127 external
Image, Inc. TMDS is the core technology used in DVI - Digital
computer devices may be added through a USB hub, which may
Visual Interface and HDMI - High-Definition Multimedia Interface.
be conveniently located in a keyboard or monitor. USB devices
TOSLINK can be attached or detached without removing computer power.
The number of devices being designed for USB continues to

­142 Extron Digital Design Guide

grow, from keyboards, mice, and printers to scanners, digital The latest evolution in USB connectors, USB-Type-C, also
cameras, and portable data storage drives. known as USB-C, streamlines AV system connections providing
increased speed, functionality and convenience. The 24-pin
USB 1.1
connector uses two-fold rotational-symmetry and a single-cable
An external bus standard that supports data transfer rates of
for the simultaneous delivery of audio, video, data, and power. It
12 Mbps and 1.5 Mbps. A single USB port can connect up to
supports data transfer speeds up to 10 Gbps, 20x times faster
127 peripheral devices. Also see “USB 2.0.”
than the USB 2.0 standard.
USB 2.0
USB Type-C Alternate Mode
An external bus standard that supports data transfer rates up to
See “Alternate Mode”.
480 Mbps, 12 Mbps, and 1.5 Mbps. USB 2.0 is an extension of
USB 1.1 and is backward compatible with USB 1.1, using the USB-IF - USB Implementers Forum
same cables and connectors. Also see “USB 1.1.” Forum that promotes and supports USB specifications and
compliance program.
USB 3.2 Gen 1
An external bus standard that supports data transfer rates up to UDP - User Datagram Protocol
5 Gbps. USB 3.2 Gen 1 was introduced in November 2008 with a A connectionless protocol providing “best effort” delivery of
maximum data transfer rate of 5 Gbps. USB 3.0 and USB 3.1 are packets across networks. UDP is frequently used in real-time
backward compatible with USB 2.0. streaming applications where best effort delivery is acceptable and
the network devices and applications manage data flow control
USB 3.2 Gen 2
and errors.
USB 3.2 Gen 2, released in July 2013, doubles the speed of
USB 3.0 to 10 Gbps. This version is backward compatible with UTP - Unshielded Twisted Pair
UTP CATx cable without internal metallic electromagnetic
USB 3.0 and USB 2.0.
shielding.
USB 3.2 Gen 2x2
USB 3.2 Gen 2 x2 (by two), released in September 2017, supports UVC - USB Video Device Class
two lanes of operation of 10 Gbps being doubled to 20 Gbps data UVC describes devices for sending video and still images over a
rate. The use of two channels is possible only if a certified USB USB connection to a computer. For many computer operating
Type-C cable is used to connect the host and the device. systems, UVC devices are supported natively without the need to
install driver software.
USB4
Released in August 2019. Two lanes of operation of 20 Gbps
being doubled to 40 Gbps throughput. It is backwards compatible
with USB 3.2 and USB 2.0. The architecture defines a method V
to share a single high-speed link with multiple end device types
dynamically that best serves the transfer of data by type and VCSEL - Vertical Cavity Surface Emission Laser
application USB-C cables are required. A high speed, low cost laser diode that emits perpendicular to the
surface of the chip, rather than from an edge.
USB4 v2.0
Released in October 2022. Doubles throughput to 80 Gbps with VESA - Video Electronics Standards Association
40 Gbps per lane via PAM3 signal encoding and defines active A nonprofit member organization dedicated to facilitating and
cables for 80 Gbps. An optional 3-lane 120 Gbps throughput is promoting personal computer graphics through improved
defined for displays. standards for the benefit of the end-user.

USB PD - Power Delivery Videowall

The USB PD specification provides rules to handle higher A grouping of display devices to produce a single image
power using USB-C cables for a range of devices to charge across the array, or visually subdivided to show multiple images
quickly over a USB connection. The mode of operation is to simultaneously. The display array is typically driven by a video
facilitate negotiation between two devices on a power contract processor that provides a separate output to each display.
for determination of the amount of power to be pulled from the
source. Power Delivery ranges between 5V-20V and can handle
up to 100W using a designated cable.

USB Type-C

[Link] 143
Digital AV Glossary

W X
WAN - Wide Area Network xvYCC - Extended-gamut YCC Color Space
A computer network that covers a broad area such as a link xvYCC can be used in the electronics of televisions and other
across a metropolitan, regional, or national boundary. video displays to improve the image quality of high-definition
video signals.
Wayfinding
Designed to connect directly with Extron Room Scheduling
panels, Wayfinding is an interface that provides real-time meeting Y
space availability, status, and location information using a
centralized display. YCbCr
WHDI Used to describe the color space for interlaced component video.
A proprietary protocol for wireless video transmission in the Also see “Component Digital”.
5 GHz radio band. Y, R-Y, B-Y
WiDi Color difference signal designation. Y corresponds to the
A proprietary protocol developed by Intel for streaming of audio luminance signal, R-Y corresponds to the red minus luminance
and video media between devices over a wireless connection. signal, and B-Y corresponds to the blue minus luminance signal.
After luminance is subtracted from red and blue, the remainder is
Wi-Fi considered to be the green portion of the RGB video signal.
A local area wireless networking technology operating in the
2.4 GHz and 5 GHz radio bands implementing IEEE 802.11 YUV
protocols. Defines color space in terms of Y - luminance or brightness,
and two color-difference components, U - red minus luminance
WiGig and V - blue minus luminance. YUV is interchangeable with
Implementation of the IEEE 802.11ad protocol for wireless “YCbCr” for digital component video and “Y Pb Pr” for analog
local area networking in the 60 GHz radio band. Also see “IEEE component video.
802.11ad.”

WirelessHD
A proprietary protocol for wireless video transmission in the
60 GHz radio band.

WLAN
Wireless Local Area Network. A form of local area network that
uses radio waves to transmit data between nodes rather than
through cable. Mobile devices, such as laptop computers and
personal digital assistants, have helped spawn the “plugless”
connection to WLANs. The IEEE 802.11 standard specifies the
technologies for wireless LANs.

WQHD - Wide Quad High Definition

A computer resolution at 2560x1440 pixels that is equivalent to
4 times 720p.

WQXGA - Wide QXGA

A computer resolution at 2560x1600 pixels that is a widescreen
version of the QXGA format.

WUXGA - Wide UXGA

A computer resolution at 1920x1200 pixels that is a widescreen
version of the UXGA format.

­144 Extron Digital Design Guide

Extron Digital Design Guide
Over the past decade, the AV industry has evolved through multiple major technological transitions.
High resolution digital video, collaboration, and networking technologies now permeate the modern AV
systems used in organizations worldwide to facilitate communication and information sharing. As a leading
manufacturer of products engineered for the commercial AV market, Extron has an extensive history with
the development of product solutions and technologies for digital video system integration. We are pleased
to be offering the AV industry’s most complete portfolio of products for switching and distribution, signal
processing, signal extension, streaming over networks, and more.

This Digital Design Guide is an essential resource for the latest digital video formats and technologies, as well
as principles for formulating effective approaches to system design. It offers guidance in addressing common
AV design challenges, from reliably transmitting digital video over long distances, to successfully managing
EDID and HDCP throughout a system, and accommodating the newest 4K sources and displays. Ultimately,
the Guide aims to provide a solid technical and practical foundation for successfully designing systems that
fully satisfy an end user’s expectations for performance, reliability, and serving as an integral aspect of the
facility or organization’s core operations.

Extron Commitment to Technology and Product Development

At Extron, we maintain a very extensive R&D facility and a highly talented engineering staff, with a constant
focus on emerging technologies, and a continual dedication to creating AV solutions that satisfy the needs
of our customers. Among our greatest priorities today is delivering new products that make it easier for
integrators to successfully design high performance 4K video systems. Every year, we bring more products
to the pro AV marketplace than any other manufacturer, and our engineers are continually working on a long
list of exciting products in the pipeline. But our industry-leading R&D is only part of the story. Extron maintains
world-class, high capacity manufacturing facilities that are capable of satisfying market demands in a very
timely manner.

We’re very pleased to be offering the most comprehensive range of professional AV technology solutions.
Only Extron can provide all the products and solutions you need for designing AV systems to suit any
application, from a basic switching system with a single display, all the way up to large-scale AV distribution
installations for an entire university or corporate campus. We can even provide the means for you to integrate
AV between locations around the world.

Every product from Extron has been extensively designed and engineered specifically for professional AV
integration, with very high reliability, longevity, and performance. We’ve included a host of features and
capabilities to make it straightforward and efficient for designing, configuring, and commissioning systems,
and ensuring that they always function at their best for your clients. We’ve also built our products for
ruggedness and dependability in 24/7, mission-critical applications. Most importantly, we back each and
every one of our products with a complete satisfaction guarantee and a host of dedicated support services
unmatched by any other manufacturer in the professional AV industry.

Extron Worldwide Sales Offices

USA West USA East Europe Middle East India

Asia China Japan Korea

 Digital Design Guide —3rdth Edition
Digital Design Guide • 4 Edition
DIGITAL DESIGN GUIDE
DIGITAL VIDEO FOR PROFESSIONAL AV SYSTEMS

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