Marking Scheme (2023-24)

Class-X
Science (Subject Code – 086)

Q. No. Marks
Section A
1 d) Red-coloured copper is oxidized to black coloured copper(II) 1
oxide
2 b) x:y = 3:4 1
3 d) Sodium carbonate. 1
4 c) Magnesium 1
5 b) Ethene 1
6 1

7 c) Burning matchstick produces a pop sound and the flame puts off 1
8 a) Digestion of proteins. 1
9 b) More growth in the region away from light due to diffusion of 1
auxin hormone
10 c) peristalsis 1
11 c) 1:2:1 1
12 a) Alveoli of lungs and blood 1
13 b) 2 X 108m/s 1
14 d) v = +5 cm, f = + 10 cm and hi = + 7.5 cm 1
15 c) will increase in the lower trophic level 1
16 d) Biomagnification 1
17 c) A is true but R is false 1
18 a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. 1
19 b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. 1
20 a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A 1
Section-B
21 1. Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), Hydrochloric acid.(HCl) 2
(0.5 +0.5)
2. CuSO4, Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) (0.5 +0.5)
22 i) Non-reproductive parts are hyphae and reproductive parts are 2
the sporangia which contain the spores. (1)
ii) The spores are covered by thick walls that protect them until
they come in contact with a moist surface and begin to grow.
(1)
23 The amount of urine produced is regulated by selective 2
reabsorption in the renal tubule of the nephron. It depends on how
much excess water is there in the body and how much-dissolved
waste is there to be excreted. (1)
In summers more water is lost due to sweating so there is more
reabsorption of water by the body to maintain osmotic balance. (1)
OR
This prevents oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing.
(0.5)
This allows a highly efficient supply of oxygenated blood to all parts
of the body (1)
This is useful in animals with high energy needs such as birds and
mammals. (0.5)
24 2
a) Because red colour light has the highest wavelength and is least
scattered. (1)
b) Because the optical density of atmospheric layers is more so the
light travelling from space to the atmosphere bends towards the
normal and thus its position appears slightly raised. (1)
OR

Full marks for a labelled diagram

25 i) The current is in a clockwise direction. (1) 2
ii) The right-hand thumb rule states that if you imagine that you are
holding a current-carrying straight conductor in your right hand
such that the thumb points towards the direction of current.
Then your fingers will wrap around the conductor in the direction
of the field lines of the magnetic field. (1)
OR
 OR
a) Fleming's left-hand rule: Stretch the forefinger, middle finger
and the thumb of your left hand such that they are mutually
perpendicular to each other. If the forefinger indicates the
direction of magnetic field and the middle finger indicates the
direction of current, then the thumb will indicate the direction of
motion of the conductor or the force acting on the conductor.
(1)
b) The displacement of the rod is largest when the direction of
current is at right angles to the direction of the magnetic field.
(1)
26 2
Air pollutants like CFCs caused the depletion of this protective
shield. (1)
Ozone layer shields the surface of earth from harmful UV rays from
the sun which are known to cause skin cancer in human beings. (1)

Section- C
27 3
a) Test tube B (1)
b) Copper is lower to Iron in the reactivity series so displacement
reaction will be maximum (1)
c) Fe (s) + CuSO4 (aq,) —> FeSO4(aq.) + Cu (s) (1)
28 3
(A) - Aluminium (0.5) (B) - Al2O3 (0.5)
Al2O3 + 6HCl —-----> 2AlCl3+ 3H2O (1)
Al2O3 + 2NaOH —-----> 2NaAlO2 + H2O (1)
OR
a) Carbon cannot reduce the oxides of sodium, magnesium,
calcium, aluminium, etc., to the respective metals. This is
because these metals have more affinity for oxygen than
carbon. (Metals, Na, Mg, Ca and Al hve more affinity
towards oxygen than C) (1)

b) The reactions are

– At cathode
Na++ e– → Na (0.5)
– At anode
2Cl– → Cl2 + 2e– (0.5)
c) 3MnO2 (s) + 4Al(s) → 3Mn(l) + 2Al2O3 (s) + Heat (1)
29 a) To prevent unwanted pregnancies (1) 3
b) To control population and birth rate (1)
c) To prevent the transfer of sexually transmitted diseases (1)
30 3
a) Fore brain
b) medulla in hind – brain
c) Cerebellum
31 3
Given, u= - 15 cm, f= 20 cm, v=?
Using lens formula, 1/v- 1/u= 1/f (0.5)
1/v= - 1/60
V= -60 cm (0.5)
m= hi/ho= v/u (0.5)
hi= 16 cm (0.5)
Image formed is virtual, erect and magnified. (Any two) (1)
OR
a) We need to calculate the image distance.
Given, u = -60 cm, f = -30 cm, v =?
Using lens formula, 1/v - 1/u= 1/f (0.5)
1/v = 1/f + 1/u
1/v = -1/30 -1/60 = -1/20
v = -20 cm (1)
The diminished image is formed on the same side as the object
and at a distance of 20 cm from the lens. (0.5)

b)

Diagram (1)
32 3
a) Given, I = 10 A, t = 2 min = 2 × 60 s = 120 s
i) Q = I × t (0.5)
∴ Q = 1200 C (0.5)
ii) Q = ne (0.5)
∴ 1200 = n × 1.6 × 10-19 C
or n = 1200/1.6×10−19 = 7.5 × 1021 electrons (0.5)
b) As graph is a straight line, so it is clear from the graph that V
∝ I. Hence the resistance of the conductor is constant. (1)
33 3

a) Diagram (1), direction of current (0.5), direction of field lines

(0.5)
b)
1. Do not connect too many devices in the same socket.
2. Do not connect faulty appliances in the socket.
3. Multiple high power consumption devices should not be
connected at the same time. (any two) (0.5+0.5)

Section- D
34 5
a) P = Ethanol (1)
b) Industrial solvent/ ingredient of cough syrup/ homeopathic
medicine / lab reagent - any one or any other (1)
C2H5OH —--acidified K2Cr2O7—---> CH3COOH (1)
(P) (Q)
c) 2Na + 2CH3COOH —-------> 2CH3COONa + H2 (1)
(Q) (R)
d) Dehydration of ethanol occurs /
C2H5OH —--conc.H2SO4—->C2H4 + H2O (1)
(P)
OR
Ethanoic acid Y= H3COOH (0.5+0.5)
a) The gas evolved ‘W’ turns Lime water milky (1)
b) C2H5OH—--- Acid.K2Cr2O7—---> CH3COOH (1)
(X) (Y)
C2H5OH + CH3COOH —----> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (1)
(X) (Y) (Z)
c) Esterification Rn (0.5)
d) Anyone use - perfumes/cosmetics;
H2SO4
C2H5OH---------- C2H4 + H2O (0.5)
35 5
a) The flow of energy is unidirectional in a food chain. The energy
that is captured by the autotrophs does not revert back to the
solar input and the energy which passes to the herbivores does
not come back to autotrophs. As it moves progressively through
the various trophic levels it is no longer available to the previous
trophic levels. (2)
b) i. F1 generation: All Round yellow (RrYy) (0.5)
F2 generation: round yellow:9; round green:3; wrinkled yellow: 3
wrinkled green :1 (1)
 ii. If progeny plants inherited a single whole gene set from each
parent, then the ratio 9:3:3:1 will not be obtained. (0.5)
This is because the two characteristics “R” and “y” would then be
linked to each other and cannot be independently inherited. (1)
OR
a) When sugar levels in the blood rise, they are detected by the
cells of the pancreas which respond by producing more insulin.
As the blood sugar level falls, insulin secretion is reduced. The
timing and amount of hormones to be secreted are regulated by
the feedback mechanism. (2)

Adrenaline; Adrenal gland (0.5 + 0.5)

· It acts on heart. Heart beats faster, resulting in more supply of
oxygen to skeletal muscles.
· Breathing rate also increases because of contraction of
diaphragm and the rib muscles. (1 + 1)
36 a) Hypermetropia or long sightedness. (1) 5
b) Two possible causes:
Curvature of eye lens decreases. (1)
Shortening of eye ball. (1)
c) Given, u= -25 cm, v= -75 cm, f= ?
1/f= 1/v- 1/u (0.5)
f= 37.5 cm (0.5)
P= 100/f (0.5)
= +2.67 D (0.5)
OR
a) The focal length of the eye lens cannot be decreased below a
certain minimum limit. As a result, the sharp image of the object
is not formed on the retina but behind the retina of the lens. (1)

Diagram (1), labelling & arrows (1)

b) The necessary conditions for the formation of a rainbow are:
i) The presence of water droplets in the atmosphere, and (1)
ii) The sun must be at the back of the observer, i.e., the
observer must stand with his back towards the sun. (1)
 Section - E
37 Ant bite/ to prevent tooth decay/ antacid to reduce acidity 4
a) X=Cl2 gas, Y= H2 gas (0.5 +0.5)
b) Ca (OH)2 + Cl2 → CaOCl2 +H2O (1)
(A)

c) (i) does not change to red, (ii) Yellow colour (1+1)

OR

H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g) (1)

The Hydrogen Chloride gas produced turns only wet blue Litmus
red as HCl get dissociated in water to give out H+ ion. (1)

38 a) 7. Right ventricle, 2. Pulmonary arteries (0.5+0.5) 4

b) Valves - They ensure that blood does not flow backwards when
atria or ventricles contract. (1)
c) Left and right Ventricles (6 and 7) have thicker walls as
compared to left and right atria (8 and 9).
They have to pump blood out of the heart. They pump blood at a
higher pressure to ensure it reaches all parts of the body. (1+1)
OR
i) 8. Left atrium, 3. pulmonary veins
ii) The separation of the right and left side of the heart is useful to
prevent mixing of oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood.
(1+1)
39 a) R = V/I (0.5) 4
= 12/6
=2Ω (0.5)
b) RA = 12/2
= 6Ω (0.5)
RB = 12/4
=3 Ω (0.5)
c) For the given circuit, R 𝛂 l and R 𝛂 1/I
The resistance of ‘A’ is twice that of ‘B’ and so the current in both
will not be the same but in the ratio of 1:2, so the current in ‘A’ will
be 2A and that in ‘B’ will be 4A. (2)
IA = V/RA = 12 / 6 = 2 A
IB = V/RB = 12/3 = 4 A
OR
c) resistivity is defined as the electrical resistance of a conductor of
unit cross-sectional area and unit length. (1)
it is the characteristic property of the material and depends on the
nature of the material. (1)