Is bioanalysis useful for your future?
Blood glucose is a biomarker for diabetes diagnosis
What is the biomarker and how we can determine
the concentration?
My advice about this class
Labs are the important of this class
Analytical techniques will never be learned only by reading
Check-in needs to be finished by Thursday, Aug. 29, 2024
Finish your lab and turn in your report on time
I will be in the lab with you
Lecture is the key
Interpretation and conclusion are equally important to results
Blood sugar 120 mg/L 119 mg/L 121 mg/L 131 mg/L
I will explain the parts most difficult to understand
Never late in lecture&labs and finish the labs on time.
Classical methods
- + Ag+
• gravimetric Cl AgCl
• titrimetric OH- + H+ OH- + H+
Instrumental methods
• spectroscopy
• electroanalytical F -
Syllabus
Middle Tennessee State University Quantitative Analysis – CHEM 2230
CLASS SYLLABUS – FALL, 2024
Instructor: Dr. Chengshan Wang, Phone (615) 898-5675, email: [Link]@[Link]
(email is preferred) D2L is better
Contact Hours: Monday to Thursday, 10:30 AM to 4:30 PM, New Science Building Room #3010
Lecture: MWF 9:10-10:05 am, New Science Building Room 1191
Lecture videos will be available through Panopto & Video in D2L
Tentative Lecture Schedule: Fall, 2024 ***Note: dates subject to change
Aug 26 - Chapters 0, Introduction
Lab opens August 24 for check in my section.
Aug 28 - Chapters 2, Tools of the Trade
Reading and Homework
CH. 0 Read Entire Chapter (REC). Problems 2.
CH 1 REC. Exercise 1-B, 1-D. Problems 3, 4, 16, 22, 24, 30, 32, and 34.
Grading
Please pay attention to what I emphasize in Lecture
Finish your homework carefully so that you can get a good
grade in exams
Finish labs carefully and submit report on time
Put as much time as possible in class because you can pay off your loan
after you find a job
Introduction of the
Analytical Process
Dr. Chengshan Wang
Dr. Shubo Han
Procedures for quantitative analysis
Step 1. Target the objective
Step 2. Select analytical procedures.
Step 3. Sampling.
Obtain a representative bulk sample.
Step 4. Sample preparation.
Extract from the bulk sample a smaller, homogeneous
laboratory sample. Convert the laboratory sample
into a form suitable for analysis, a process that
usually involves dissolving the sample. Remove or
mask species that will interfere with the chemical
analysis.
Procedures for quantitative analysis
Step 5. Analysis.
Determine the concentration of the analyte in
several aliquots.
Step 6. Reporting, interpretation, and
conclusion.
Chocolate is sweet but it contains coffeine, which is toxic when more than enough
Theobromine
Caffeine
High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Step 3. Obtain a representative bulk sample.
Step 4. Sample preparation. Convert the laboratory sample into
a form suitable for analysis, a process that usually involves
dissolving the sample. Remove or mask species that will
interfere with the chemical analysis.
Step 5. Measure the concentration of the analyte in several aliquots.
Step 6. Interpret your results and draw conclusions.
Chapter 2
Tools and Operations
Safe, Ethical Handling of
Chemicals and Waste
• The primary safety rule is not to do something
that you (or your instructor or supervisor)
consider to be dangerous.
• proper clothing
• food & drink in lab NO WAY!!!!!
• Organic solvents, concentrated acid, and
ammonia should be handled in fume hoods
• disposal of solids and liquids
– always ask instructor for proper procedure
Eye Protection at all Times
Contact lenses are not recommended
Safety Labeling of Chemicals
4-deadly
4-room
3-extreme
temperature
hazard
3-shock
2-hazard
or heated
1-slightly
2-violent
hazard
chemical change
0-Normal
1-unstable if
heated
0-stable
Oxidizer: oxy; acid: ACID; alkali: COR; use no water: W
Clean up spills on your bench and label every glassware
The Analytical Balance
The Analytical Balance
tare
hygroscopic reagents
weighing-by-difference
When to use Analytical
Balances
unknown samples
primary standard materials
Buoyancy
m'(1 - da/dw)
m = -------------------
(1 - da/d)
where m => true mass of object being
"weighed"
m'=> mass read by balance
da=> density of air
dw=> density of calibration weight
(8.0g/ml)
d => density of object being "weighed"
When not to use
Analytical Balances
any corrosive material such as:
• NaOH
• KMnO4 ?
• K2Cr2O7?
any material that is not Reagent grade or
better
any material which absorbs water rapidly
Magnetic metals such as Mn, Fe, or Co.
Burets
2.10 ml
17.81 ml
Volume?
Burets
Buret reading tips:
1. Allow time for draining.
2. Read the bottom of the concave meniscus.
3. Avoid parallax.
4. Wash buret by fresh solution
Air Bubble in Tip
Volumetric Flasks
Volumetric Flasks
sizes: 5 mL to 2 L
TC 20oC => to contain at 20oC
TD 20oC => to deliver at 20oC
Volumetric Flasks
when to use volumetric flasks
• to make standard solution where an
analytical balance was used to weigh the
solid to be dissolved
• to make quantitative dilutions using
volumetric pipets
Pipets
Pipets and Syringes
Using a Transfer Pipet
• NEVER PIPET BY MOUTH
– use a bulb or pipet aid of some description
• NEVER BLOW OUT LAST DROP
– designed to retain some liquid in tip
Using a Syringe
• used to deliver a small volume
Dr. S. Han
Syringe
Other Volume Tools
graduated cylinder
• use for less accurate
volume
measurements
beakers or flasks
• inacurrate
graduations (usually +
5%)