SRI VENKATESWARA VIDHYALAYA SENIOR
SECONDARY SCHOOL
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
ANALYSIS OF HONEY
PARVESH.S
GRADE: XII-A2
SESSION 2024-2025
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my school, Sri
Venkateswara Vidhyalaya Senior Secondary School,
Ayappakam , Chennai-77; and my chemistry teacher, Mrs. S.
Puspalatha, for encouraging me to do this project and
moreover for giving us guidance and moral support, all
throughout this academic year. This project has given me a
deeper understanding of modern chemistry.
Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents for providing
me with the required resources and encouragement for the
completion of this project.
Furthermore, I would like to thank Mrs. Shaik. Shaheda Begum,
for providing me the necessary details and helping me in
carrying out the experiment.
Thank You,
PARVESH.S
XII-A2(2024-2025)
CERTIFICATE
Roll No. ………………………………..
Certified that Miss ………………………………………………… of Grade
………… Section ………… has carried out project work in Chemistry
prescribed by the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi
during the academic year 2024-2025
…………………………………. ……………………………….
Teacher-in-charge Principal
Date : …………………………..
………………………………. ….….……………………… External
Examiner Internal Examiner
INDEX
Aim
Objective
Introduction
Materials And Equipment
Theory
Experiment Procedure
Result
---------------
ANALYSIS
OF
HONEY
---------------
AIM:-
To analyze the
available
honey for
presence
of
different minerals
and carbohydrates.
REQUIREMENTS:
APPARATUS:
Test tubes, Test tube stand,
Burner, Water Bath.
CHEMICALS:-
Fehling solution
A, Fehlingsolution B, Ammonium
chloride solution, Ammonium
oxalate solution, Ammonium
phosphate, Conc. Nitric acid,
Potassium sulphocyanide
solution.
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THEORY
Honey, thick, sweet, super
saturated sugar solution
manufactured by bees to feed their
larvae and for the subsistence during
winter.
Bee honey is composed of
fructose, glucose and water, in
varying proportions. It also contains
several enzymes and oils. The color &
flavor depends on the age of the honey
and the sources of the nectar
.It colored honeys are usually of higher
quality than dark coloured honeys.
Other high grade honeys are made by
bees from orange blossoms, clover
and Alfalfa. A well
known, poorer grade honey is
produced from buckwheat.
-------------------------------------
Honey has a fuel value of about 3307
cal/kg [1520 cal/ lbs]. It readily picks
up moisture from the air and is
consequently used as a moistioning
agent for Tobaco and in baking.
Glucose crystallizes out of honey on
standing at room temperature,
leaving on
uncrystallized layer of dissolved
fructose. Honey to be marketed is
usually heated by a special process to
about 66oC [150.01 F] to dissolve the
crystals and is sealed to prevent
crystallization. The fructose in
crystallized honey ferments readily
at about 160C.
------------------------------------
PROCEDURE:-
TEST FOR MINERALS:-
1. TEST FOR POTASSIUM:-
2ml of honey is taken in a test tube and
picric acid solution is added. Yellow
precipitate indicates the presence of
K+.
2. TEST FOR CALCIUM:-
2ml of honey is taken in a test tube
and NH4Cl solution and NH4OH
solution are added to it. The solution
is filtered and to the filtrate 2ml of
ammonium oxalate solution
is added. White ppt. or milkiness
indicates the presence of Ca2+ ions.
----------------------------------
3. TEST FOR MAGNESIUM:-
2 ml of honey is taken in a test tube
and NH4Cl solution is added to it and
then excess of Ammonium phospate
solution is added. The side of the
testtube is scratched with a glass rod.
White precipitate indicates the
presence of Mg2+ ions.
4. TEST FOR IRON:-
2ml of honey is taken in a test tube
and a drop of conc. HNO3 is added
and it is heated. It is cooled and 2-3
drops of Potassium sulphocyanide
solution is added to it. Blood red
colour shows the presence of iron.
-------------------------------------
TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES
1. Fehling`s test :
2mL of honey is taken in a test tube and
1mL each of Fehling`s solution A and
Fehling`s solution B are added to it and
boiled. Red precipitate indicates the
presence of reducing sugars.
2. Tollen`s test:
2-3 mL of aqueous solution of honey is
taken in a test tube. 2-3mL of Tollen`s
reagent is added. The test tube is kept in
a boiling water bath for about ten
minutes. A shining silver mirror indicates
the presence of reducing carbohydrates.
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OBSERVATION TABLE
SUBSTANCE TAKEN: HONEY
SL.
NO TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Test for Potassium:-
Potassium is
Yellow [Link]
1. observed
present.
Honey + Picric acid
solution
Test for Calcium:-
White [Link]
Calcium is
2. Honey + NH4Cl soln. + milkiness is not
absent.
NH4OH soln. filtered + observed
(NH4)2C2O4
Test for
Magnesium:-
White [Link] not Magnesium is
3. observed absent.
Honey+ NH4OH (till
solution becomes
alkaline) + (NH4)3Po4
Test for Iron:-
Blood red colour Iron is present.
4. is observed
Honey+ conc.HNO3,
heated and cooled, +
potassium
sulphocyanide
Fehling`s test:-
Reducing sugar
Red ppt. is
5. Honey + 1mL each of
observed
is present.
Fehling`s solution A and
Fehling`s solution B
Tollen’s test:-
Honey + 2-3mL Tollen`s Reducing
Shining silver
6. reagent, test tube in mirror is observed
carbohydrate is
water bath for 10 present
minutes
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RESULT :-
Potassium is present.
Iron is present.
Calcium is absent.
Magnesium is absent.
Honey contains reducing sugar.