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Mathematical Symbols for Logic

The document provides a comprehensive list of logical symbols and their meanings, including operators for negation, conjunction, disjunction, and quantification. It also outlines set theory symbols related to set operations, subsets, and cardinality. Additionally, it includes various number sets such as natural, integer, rational, real, and complex numbers.

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Genalyn Pumares
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8 views2 pages

Mathematical Symbols for Logic

The document provides a comprehensive list of logical symbols and their meanings, including operators for negation, conjunction, disjunction, and quantification. It also outlines set theory symbols related to set operations, subsets, and cardinality. Additionally, it includes various number sets such as natural, integer, rational, real, and complex numbers.

Uploaded by

Genalyn Pumares
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

LOGIC

⋅ and L Metavariable for formal languages

^ caret / circumflex ¬P, ∼P, P― Negation of P (not P)


& ampersand ◊P Possibly P
+ plus ◻P Necessarily P
∨ reversed caret P∧Q Conjunction (P and Q)
| vertical line P∨Q Disjunction (P or Q)
x' single quote P⊻Q, P⊕Q Exclusive disjunction (P x or Q)
x bar P↑Q Negation of conjunction (P nand Q)
¬ not P↓Q Negation of disjunction (P nor Q)
! exclamation mark P→Q Conditional (If P, then Q)
⊕ circled plus / oplus P↛Q Non-conditional (Not ‘if P, then Q’)
~ tilde P←Q Converse conditional (If Q, then P)
⇒ implies P↚Q Converse non-conditional
⇔ equivalent (Not ‘if Q, then P’)
↔ equivalent P↔Q Biconditional (P if and only if Q)
∀ for all P↮Q Non-biconditional
∃ there exists (Not ‘P if and only if Q’)
∄ there does not exists ∀x Universal quantification (For all x)
∴ therefore ∃x Existential quantification (There exists x)
∵ because / since ∃!x Uniqueness quantification
a,b,c General constants (There is a unique x)
(within a logical system) Nx, ∄x Non-existence quantification
B Boolean domain (There is no x)
⊤ Tautology, Truth value ‘true’ ∃nx Numerical quantification
⊥ Contradiction,Truth value ‘false’ (There are exactly n x)
x,y,w,z Quantification variables ∃≥nx Numerical quantification
f,g,h Function symbols (There are at least n x)
s,t Metavariables for terms ∃≤nx Numerical quantification
P,Q,R Propositional / Predicate symbols (There are at most n x)
α,β,γ,ϕ,ψ Metavariables for formulas
Σ,Φ,Ψ Metavariables for set of sentences
SET THEORY ℕ1 natural numbers / whole numbers set

{} set ℤ integer numbers set

| such that ℚ rational numbers set

A⋂B intersection ℝ real numbers set

A⋃B union ℂ complex numbers set

A⊆B subset

A⊂B proper subset / strict subset

A⊄B not subset

A⊇B superset

A⊃B proper superset / strict superset

A⊅B not superset

2A power set

power set

P(A) power set

ℙ(A) power set

A=B equality

Ac complement

A' complement

A\B relative complement

A-B relative complement

A∆B symmetric difference

A⊖B symmetric difference

a∈A element of belongs to

x∉A not element of

(a,b) ordered pair

A×B cartesian product

|A| cardinality

#A cardinality

| vertical bar

ℵ0 aleph-null

ℵ1 aleph-one

Ø empty set

universal set

ℕ0 natural numbers / whole numbers set

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