A Detailed Lesson Plan in

Math

Prepared by:
Alfie D. Mercader
Detailed Lesson Plan in Math
I. Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
A. Describe sets and subsets
B. Define union and intersection of sets
C. Perform set operations (Union and Intersection of Sets)
II. Subject Matter A. Topic: Sets
Sub-topic: Basic Operation Involving Sets
B. Instructional Materials: PowerPoint presentation, white board marker
C. References: College Algebra and Trigonometry – 6th Edition by Aufmann et al.
Handbook of Mathematics – 6th Edition by Bronshtein et al.
Learner’s Material Grade 6 - Mathematics
III. Learning Procedures
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
A. Greetings
”Good morning class.” “Good morning sir”

B. Checking of Attendance
“Are there any absentees for today?” “None, Sir!”

C. Review of the Past Lesson

“Okay. Very good. Now class, last time we “Sir, real numbers are all the
discussed about the Real Number System? numbers in the number line. It
Anyone, who would like to share his/her contains all of the rational and
insights about our previous discussion?” irrational numbers.”

“That is correct. What else?” “Sir, rational number. Rational

numbers are those numbers which
can be expressed as a ratio between
two integers. It includes all the
integers and decimals which
terminate and has repeating pattern.”
“Very good! Last one?” “Sir, integers. Integers are the set of
real numbers consisting of the
natural numbers, their additive
inverses and zero.”
“Okay. Excellent class. It seems that you can
still recall our past lesson.”

D. Motivation

“Today, we are going to proceed to our next

topic, but before that let’s first have a short
game.”

“I am sure that all of you are familiar with this“Yes, Sir” game. This morning
we will play “BRING ME”. I will divide the class into 5 groups. I will tell you
later what you will need to bring to me in front. I will be giving you just 5
seconds to bring to me the object. Every time your group is able to provide
the item, you will earn one point. The group that will gain the most number of
points will be declared as the winner and will have an incentive in our quiz
later. Okay. Are you ready?”
“Count off 1-5. Go to your respective stations (Students go to their respective
quietly.”stations.)

“Bring me any writing material…” (Students may bring pen, marker, pencil, typewriting,
yellow paper, etc.)

“Bring me a Peso bill less than Php 500..”(Students may bring a 20, 50, 100, or 200-Peso
bill)

“Bring me any piece of cloth.”(Students may bring towel, tie, shirt,

socks, etc.. )

“Last, Bring me, any food.”(Students may bring crackers, candy,

etc..)

E. Presentation
“Now, I have here all the objects that I told “Sir, group of writing materials.” you to bring to
me. And I’m not going to return it anymore. Just a joke. But kidding aside, here in the table,
we have 4 groups of objects. Can anyone name the first group?”

“Correct! What about the second group?”“Sir, group of peso bills.”

“That is also correct. The third group?”“Sir, piece of cloth group.”

“Okay, thank you! What about the last “Sir, food group.” group?”
“Very good. Now there is actually a term that “Sir, a set!” is used to refer to
collection of objects. Anyone, who knows the term?”

“Correct. And that is what we are going to discuss today! ”

“ Now, what is a set? A set is more “Sir, because they are all writing
specifically defined as a collection of certain materials.” different things (objects,
ideas, numbers, letters) that belong together for a certain reason. Let’s take the
first group of objects as an example. This is a set consisting of a pencil, a marker,
a pen and typewriting. Why can we consider this as a set?

“Correct! Meaning to say, this objects share (Student’s answer may vary) the
same characteristics. What about the second group? Third group? Fourth group?”

“Next, the objects that constitute a set are “Yes, sir” called elements. We can
indicate that an element is a member of a set by using the symbol for set
membership (∈). Let’s apply the concepts of sets to the set of real numbers. For
instance, we can state that 1 is an element of the set of natural or counting
 numbers 1 ∈ N . We can also indicate an element is not a member by using the negation of
this symbol , for example we can state that ½ ∈
N. Can you follow?”

“Okay. Can you give me a well-defined set?”(Student’s answer may vary)

“Let’s now proceed to the Notations and ”

symbols for sets. Uppercase letters will be used to name sets, and lowercase letters will be
used to refer to any element of a set. Say for example, we can name our first set as A.
Certain important sets are designated
sets of the various number types which
“An ellipses can be used to indicate
“Very good!Say the set of integers from 3 to
100 could be written like this… {3,4,5….100}. Another example, set of natural numbers, can
be written with an ellipses following the first few numbers to indicate that the list
[Link] about the set of integers? How can we use the ellipses there?”
a continuation of the pattern.”

“{…-3,-2,-1,0,1,2….}”
“Instead of listing each member, a set can also be defined by stating the properties that its
members must satisfy. Example, instead of listing all the elements of set A, we can just write it
as A is the set of all natural numbers
“B = {odd numbers less than 30} ” less
than six or A = {natural numbers less than
six}. Let’s have another example, lets say B
= {1,3,5,7…….29}, how will we rewrite
this?

“Correct! Now, there is more rigorous “None, Sir!”

mathematical notation for describing a set called
set builder notation. To define a set using set builder
notation we use a symbol typically a small letter
to represent any element of the set, for
example x to represent an element in set A. Now
 in the braces we right x followed by a vertical bar
and then state the properties that element x must
satisfy..
A = {1,2,3,4,5}
A is the set of natural numbers less than 5
A = {x| x ∈ N , x < 6}
Okay, Do you have questions?”
“Okay! Let’s try another one convert this to set builder notation..
B is the set of real numbers greater than 2..

“Very good! We also have what we call subset. Set A is a subset of set B if every
element of A is also an element of B. Say for example the even numbers 2, 4 and 12 all
belong to the set of whole numbers. Therefore, the even numbers 2, 4, and 12 form a
subset of the set of whole numbers. F is a proper subset of A if F does not contain all
elements of A. “

“The null set is an empty set. Say for example, if we are asked to name a month with
35 days. The solution to this is a null set.”

“The cardinality of a set is the number of elements contained in set.”

“B = {x| x ∈ R , x >2}”
“Okay. We are now done with the important union and intersection. Anyone,
terms, notations and symbols for set. We will who would like to read the
now proceed to the operations involving sets. definition of union.”
Just as operations such as addition and “Sir, The union of two sets written,
multiplication are performed on real A ∪ B is the set of all elements
numbers, operations are performed on sets that belong to either A or B.”
too. Two operations performed on sets are
“Thank you. In set builder notation, this is “Sir, P ∪ Q = written as
. Now, {a,b,c,d,e,i,o,u}” take note of the word “or”, meaning to say a new
set is formed containing the elements that belongs to either A or B or
both. To put it in simple terms, in union, we just combine all the elements
of the two sets. For example,
Given.. A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} B = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8}
A ∪ B ={0,1,2,3,4,6,8}
Note that an element that belongs to both sets is
listed only once. Another example..
P = {a, e, i, o, u}, Q = {a, b, c, d}, what is P ∪ Q
?”

“Okay. That is correct. Now, what about “The intersection of two

intersection?”sets, written A ∩ B is the set of all
“Thank you. In set builder notation it is

written as . Take note

of the word and. This means that the intersection of two sets is a new set that
contains all of the elements that are in both sets. In intersection, we just list the
elements that are common to both sets. For example, A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} B =
{0, 2, 4, 6, 8}

elements that are common to both

A and B.”

“Sir, P ∩ Q = {a}”
 A ∩ B = {0,2,4}.. Another example,
P = {a, e,
i, o, u},Q = {a, b, c, d}, what is ∩
P Q ?”

“That is correct! ”

F. Activity
“Okay class, get one whole sheet of paper.
Answer this on your notebook.

If P = {11,13,17,19,23,27}

Q = {11,12,13,14,15,16}

R = {9,11,13,15,17,19}S =
{10,15,20,25,30,35}, determine the elements
and cardinality

(a) P ∪Q
(b) Q ∪R
(c) P ∪Q ∪R
(d) P ∩ R
(e) Q ∩ S
(f) Q ∩ R ∩ S
”

I. Generalization
“Again class, what is a set?” “Set is a well-defined collection of
objects that share a common
characteristic.”

“What is a subset?” “A subset is a set contained in

another set.”

“What is the union of a set?” “The union of a set is the set of all
elements that belong to either of the
two sets or both”

“What is the intersection of a set?” “The intersection of a set is the set

of all elements that are common to
both of the sets.”
“Very good class. It seems that you really did
understand our topic for today.”

IV. Evaluation

Let A, B and C be three sets such that: