DE GUZMAN, KRISTINA CASSANDRA V.
BSCE2-BLK1
Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary Rock
Rocks are mineral aggregates with a combination of properties of all
the mineral traces. Any unique combination of chemical composition,
mineralogy, grain size, texture, or other distinguishing characteristics
can describe rock types. Additionally, different classification systems
exist for each major type of rock. There are different types of rocks
existing in nature, igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.
The following are examples of igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are “fire-born,” meaning that they are formed
from the cooling and solidification of molten (melted) rock. There are 2 types of igneous rocks. Intrusive
igneous rocks form deep within the Earth, while extrusive igneous rocks form on the Earth's surface. The
main difference between the two types of igneous rocks is the rate at which the magma cools.
Examples of Common Igneous Rocks (Extrusive )
Andesite is a gray to black volcanic rock. It is generally erupted from
stratovolcanoes as thick lava flows. It can also generate strong explosive
eruptions to form pyroclastic flows.
Basalt - Basalt is a hard, black volcanic rock. Less than ½ of the weight of basalt
is silica (SiO2). Because of basalt's low silica content, it has a low viscosity
(resistance to flow). This enables basaltic lava to flow quickly and allows
volcanic gases to escape without explosive events.
Dacite lava is most o en light gray, but can be dark gray to black. It is one of the
most common rock types associated with enormous Plinian-style eruptions.
Pumice is light and porous. It forms during explosive eruptions. Pumice is full of
holes caused by expanding volcanic gases. It is composed of volcanic glass and
minerals, and can form in all types of magma: basalt, andesite, dacite, and
rhyolite.
Examples of Common Igneous Rocks (Intrusive )
Diorite is an intrusive igneous rock composed principally of the silicate minerals
plagioclase feldspar (typically andesine), biotite, hornblende, and sometimes
pyroxene. The chemical composition of diorite is intermediate, between that of
mafic gabbro and felsic granite.
DE GUZMAN, KRISTINA CASSANDRA V. BSCE2-BLK1
Gabbro is a dark-colored, coarse-grained igneous rock that forms deep
underground when magma cools slowly. It's made of plagioclase feldspar
and pyroxene, and is chemically similar to basalt, which cools more
quickly.
Granite is a common intrusive plutonic igneous rock. Because it cools slowly
crystals have time to form. The name granite comes from the Latin word
granum which means “a grain” for the coarse grain crystalline structure of the
rock.
Metamorphic rocks form when rocks are subjected to high heat, high pressure, hot mineral-rich fluids or, more
commonly, some combination of these factors. Conditions like these are found deep within the Earth or where
tectonic plates meet.
Examples of Common Metamorphic Rocks
Quartzite is a coarse-grained metamorphic rock derived from sandstone.
Marble is a metamorphic rock that comes from metamorphosed limestone or
dolomite.
Slate is a fined grained metamorphic rock.
Phyllite is a fined grained metamorphic rock.
Phyllite is a fined grained metamorphic rock.
DE GUZMAN, KRISTINA CASSANDRA V. BSCE2-BLK1
Schist is a course grained metamorphic rock.
Sedimentary rocks are formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms. They form from
deposits that accumulate on the Earth's surface. Sedimentary rocks often have distinctive layering or
bedding.
Examples of Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Conglomerate is made up of rounded pebbles cemented together.
Breccia is made up of angular pebbles cemented together.
Limestone is calcium carbonate deposited by the shells of once living creatures
or from the residue of water..
Sandstone is sand grains cemented together into solid stone.
Siltstone is made from silt particles cemented together.
Siltstone is made from silt particles cemented together.
DE GUZMAN, KRISTINA CASSANDRA V. BSCE2-BLK1
Shale is made from silt particles cemented together. It is similar to siltstone but
with even finer grain size.
Banded Ironstone is a sedimentary rock made of layers of iron oxides and iron
poor chert.
Igneous metamorphic sedimentary rock are the three main types of rock on earth. Read more about Igneous
Metamorphic Sedimentary Rock:
Igneous Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rock Collection Igneous Rock Collection Sedimentary Rock Collection
For Sale $6.95 For Sale $6.95 For Sale $6.95