MODULE 2 LESSON PROPER:

KNOWING RESPONSIBLE CITIZENSHIP, THE CONSTITUTION AND THE NSTP LAW

THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION property, upon payment of just
compensation, for some intended
- There are three constitutions that took effect in public use.
the Philippines. - Example: The taking of private property of an
- The 1935, 1973, and the 1987 Constitutions. individual by the government for public use
- The 1935 Constitution was promulgated upon payment of justifiable compensation. (e.g.
during the Commonwealth period of the government mass transportation projects like
Americans. Light Rail Transit (LRT) and Metro Rail Transit
- The 1973 Constitution was promulgated (MRT) construction)
during Martial law, - The real property shall be acquired by the
- while the 1987 Constitution was promulgated government but the owner must be paid of a
immediately after the EDSA people power justifiable compensation, as determined by the
revolution. courts.
 Power of taxation enables the state
WHAT IS A CONSTITUTION, AND WHAT IS ITS
to demand from the members of
IMPORTANCE IN A SOCIETY?
society their proportionate share or
- The constitution is the basic and paramount law contribution in the maintenance of the
to which other laws must conform and to which government.
all persons including the highest officials of the - Examples: Income taxes, E-VAT etc. (These
land must defer (Cruz, 2000). taxes are exacted from the people in order for
- It is the written instrument enacted by the direct the government to defray its projects and day-
action of the people wherein the three to-day expenses.)
fundamental powers of the state namely: the
BILL OF RIGHTS
power of eminent domain, police power and the
power of taxation are established, limited, and - De Leon (2008) defines bill of rights as a
defined, by which those powers are distributed declaration and enumeration of a person’s
among the several departments for their useful rights and privileges which the Constitution is
practice for the benefit of the body politic (Cruz, designed to protect against violations by the
2000). government, or by an individual or groups of
- It is a direct action by the people because they individuals.
were also the ones who approved the - The enumeration ensures that the people are
constitution through a plebiscite. protected against possible abuse of the
- An ordinary law does not need to be approved exercise of the immense power of the state.
in a plebiscite.
- It was mentioned that the constitution limits the CLASSES OF RIGHTS ACCORDING TO DE LEON
inherent power of the state. (2008):
- This means that the three powers are inherent
in the state; the state may exercise these The rights that a citizen of a democratic state
powers even without a constitution. enjoys may be classified into:
- The constitution only limits them.
 Natural rights - Those rights possessed by
THREE (3) FUNDAMENTAL POWERS OF THE STATE: every citizen without being granted by the State
for they are given to man by God being created
 Police Power is the power of the to His image so that he may live a happy life
state to regulate liberty and property Examples:
for the promotion of the general - Right to life
welfare. - Right to liberty
- Example: A law phasing out taxicabs more
than six years old was held as a valid police These two rights are very important rights in a
measure to protect the riding public and democracy. The power to elect leaders in a clean
promote their comfort and convenience. election would not be enough if these two basic
- The measure also of the government to rights are not protected.
regulate movement of people and cars during
 Statutory rights (made by specific laws) -
the pandemic is an example of the exercise of
Those which are provided by laws as
police power.
promulgated by law-making body and may be
 Power of Eminent Domain - enables
abolished by the same body.
the state to forcibly acquire private
 Examples: > The right on equal protection of the laws
- Rights under the Revised Penal Code (Act means that an individual must not be
3815) 2. discriminated against any person of the same
- Rights of women under Responsible class.
Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of > The same class means persons similarly
2012 (RA 10354) situated. Under the law, persons similarly
- The Revised Penal Code bestows the right situated must be treated equally.
against any criminal act. For example, the government cannot require
- The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive master’s degree for public school teachers in
Health Act of 2012 gives the individual the the cities and not in the provinces.
necessary help from the government on the - This will unduly discriminate both groups
matters of family planning. because there is not really distinction between
 Constitutional rights - They are those rights the two in terms of delivering lessons.
which are conferred and protected by the  Social and economic rights - Those
Constitution. rights which ensure the well-being
- They cannot be simply taken away by a law. and economic security of the
Classification of constitutional rights individual.
They are the following:
 Political rights - These rights give Examples:
people the power to participate
- Right to have a decent livelihood
directly or indirectly in the affairs of
the government. - Right to conserve and use natural
Examples: resources
(1) Right of citizenship (to be Filipino citizen)
(2) Right of suffrage (to vote) Unlike civic rights, these rights refer to the
(3) Right to information on matters of public responsibility of the government to ensure
concern that people enjoy these economic and
- The right of citizenship is the right of a Filipino social rights.
to be a member of the political community.
- Citizenship is important because it is a The government must provide a healthy
requirement before a Filipino enjoys some of economy so that the people can have
the rights provided by law. decent source of livelihood.
- The right to vote is fundamental in a
The government must also protect the
democracy.
environment for future generations.
- It is an exercise where an individual directly
participates in the decision-making process in Definition of terms
the government.
- It is the power of an individual to choose his or  National Service Training Program
her leader. (NSTP)
- The right to information is important for citizens - It refers to the program aimed at enhancing the
to properly assess government decisions. civic consciousness and defense preparedness
Whether or not the decision of the government of the youth, by developing the ethics of service
is beneficial to the people. and patriotism while undergoing training in any
 Civil rights - Those rights which the of the three program components, especially
law will enforce for the benefit of the designed to enhance the youths' active
individual for the purpose of securing contribution to general welfare.
them the enjoyment of their means of
happiness. THE THREE COMPONENTS OF NSTP:
- To simplify, it is the right of the individual of his
 Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)
right to enjoy his or her life and property.
- refers to the program component or activities
Examples:
contributory to the general welfare and the
- Right to due process
betterment of life for the members of the
- Right on equal protection of the laws
community or the enhancement of its facilities,
> The right to due process is the right of the
especially those devoted to improving health,
individual to enjoy his or her life, liberty, and
education, environment, entrepreneurship,
property without interference from the
safety, recreation and morale of the citizenry,
government.
and other social welfare services.
> This right can only be taken by the
 Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC)
government in accordance with law and after
- ROTC refers to the program component,
following some fair process.
institutionalized under section 38 and 39 of R.A.
 No. 7077, designed to provide military training four (4) semesters of military training.
to tertiary level students in order to motivate, PMO No. 1 was suspended by the
train, organized, and mobilized them for late Pres. Corazon Aquino in 1986.
national defense preparedness.  EXPANDED ROTC PROGRAM
 Literacy Training Service (LTS). (1996). Before the end of the term of
- refers to the program component designed to the late Pres. Corazon Aquino, she
train the students to teach literacy and brought back the suspended
numeracy skills to school children, out of school components of PMO No. 1, the Civil
youth and other segments of society in need of Welfare Service and Law
their services. Enforcement Service, and modified
the ROTC course through the CHED
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF NSTP Memorandum Order No. 10 Series of
1996 and DECS Order Series of 1993
which were both in accordance to
R.A. 7077 of 1991.
- College students, particularly males were
required to take military service on the first
year, but on the second year, they were given
an option to choose one component of their
choice.

DUE TO PROTESTS ABOUT THE

IRREGULARITIES IN ROTC AND THE DEATH OF
MARK WELSON CHUA.

 The NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING

PROGRAM (NSTP) that has three
components:
- Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS),
- Literacy Training Service (LTS)
- Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC)
was signed into law by former Pres. Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo on January 23, 2002.
 RA 9163 OR THE NSTP LAW

CONSTITUTIONAL BASES OF THE NATIONAL

DISCUSSION
SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM (NSTP) LAW:
 Commonwealth Act No. 1 or
Article II Declaration of Principles and State Policies
National Defense Act (NDA) under
(1987 Philippine Constitution)
the government of Pres. Manuel L.
Quezon. In 1935, college students, Section 4. The prime duty of the government is to serve
particularly males were required to and protect the people. The government may call upon
finish two (2) years or equivalent to the people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment,
four (4) semesters of military training. thereof, all citizens may be required under conditions
 National Service Law (NSL) or provided by law, to render personal military or civil
Presidential Decree No. 1706, which service.
has three components namely, Civil
Welfare Service, Law Enforcement Section 13. The State recognizes the vital role of the
Service and Military Service. College youth in nation building and shall promote and protect
students, particularly males were their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social
given an option to choose one of the well- being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and
three components mentioned and to nationalism and encourage their involvement in public
finish it in two (2) years or equivalent and civic affairs.
to four 4 semesters.
 PRESIDENTIAL MEMORANDUM What is National Service?
ORDER NO.1. The suspension of the
- It refers to any of the activities that may
Civil Welfare Service and Law
contribute to national security, development
Enforcement Service except for the
and/or welfare (NSTP Implementing Rules and
provision on Military Service required
Regulations (IRR).
college students, particularly males to
finish two (2) years or equivalent to
- Like other sectors of society, the youth have - What happens to the environment and all life
vital roles to play in nation building. forms in it concern everyone.
- It is exactly under this principle that the idea of Example:
national service is being introduced to college  Boracay was ordered closed for six (6) months
students. for rehabilitation.
- This time though, it is emphasized that service  Waste segregation campaigns
to the nation does not only mean becoming a - There are many ways we can do to manage
part of the armed forces but becoming a part of and care for the environment.
the civic service force as well. - One example was the closure of Boracay Island
- All these things are being highlighted in for six (6) months for rehabilitation purposes.
Republic Act No. 9163, otherwise known as the - This measure was enforced to make way for
National Service Training Program. the environment to heal itself and for the local
government officials to implement planned
GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES interventions meant to address environment-
related concerns.
- One of the purposes of the NSTP is the
- Waste segregation, on the other hand, is
formation of students for them to become good
another step to advocate concern for the
citizens.
environment.
- One way to achieve this is for them to imbibe
- This also helps lessen the amount of garbage
the good citizenship values of being Maka-
disposed in a community.
Diyos, Maka-Bayan, Maka-Kalikasan and
 Pagmamaka-Tao
Maka-Tao.
- This value discusses the importance of showing
THE FOUR CLUSTERS OF GOOD CITIZENSHIP love in a people relationships.
VALUES - Love is the source of goodness a person can
share with his/her fellow human being.
 Pagkamaka-Diyos - From the value of love emerges other values
- This good citizenship value recognizes the such as kindness, charity, commitment, loyalty,
undying faith of Filipinos in God and in their hospitality, and respect.
fraternal relationships. Example:
- This value results in some very important  The concept of Bayanihan. Filipinos
values related to Faith such as respect for life do not separate themselves from the
and the strong appreciation of Filipinos as to community.
the importance of the family and having
concern for the future generation. COMMUNITY SERVICE
Example:
The Concept of Community Service
- Religiosity is one of the manifestations of our
pagka-makadiyos. - Community service is defined as a way of
- Though it is not the only manifestation of love of helping an individual or family in the community
God, religiosity is indicative of society's in meeting a specific need even though this
acceptance of the existence of the divine. opportunity was not identified through a formal
 Pagkamaka-Bayan organization.
- This value encourages us to be aware of issues
affecting the nation. Facets of Community Service
- As a response, we should be united as people
to participate in discussions aimed to address  Volunteerism
these issues. - Refers to an act involving a wide range of
- In addition, this unity must be present in our activities, including traditional forms of mutual
relationships with people in our respective aid and development interventions that
communities who are also facing problems at provides an enabling and empowering
the community level. environment both on the part of the beneficiary
Example: receiving and the volunteer rendering the act,
 Doing community service undertaken for reasons arising from socio-
 Patronizing products that are Philippine made. developmental, business or corporate
- Love of country can be shown in different ways. orientation, commitment or conviction for the
One way is by helping a community respond to attainment of the public good and where
its needs through community service. Another monetary and other incentives or reward are
is by patronizing one’s local products. not the primary motivating factors (RA 9418)
 Pagkamaka-Kalikasan - People who do volunteer work do not
- This value emphasizes the importance of being expect monetary reward for the community
a steward of God's creation. service they have rendered.
- They are motivated by the thought that the
act of volunteering empowers them to make a
difference.
- One good example of volunteer work is the
community service conducted by our student
organizations.
- They implement or participate in a community
service project so that, in one way or another,
they could help a community address or resolve
a specific issue or concern.
 Paid Service
- A paid form of community service.
- Community service is not just limited to
volunteer work. People also do community
service as a career.
- One example of this are community
development and social development
professionals working in government and non-
government organizations (NGOs).
- They do community service but at the same
time, they are being paid for doing the same.
- Thus, paid service is still a form of community
service.
 Service Learning
- A teaching and learning strategy that integrates
meaningful community service with instruction
and reflection to enrich the learning experience,
teach civic responsibility, and strengthen
communities (National Youth Leadership
Council, n.d.)
- National Service Training Program is one
example of service learning.
- While the purpose of the program is to develop
national consciousness among students
through community service, it is also part of the
curriculum.
- The principles of community service are said to
be integrated in the course.