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Understanding Time Expressions

The document explains the concepts of AM and PM, detailing their meanings, time ranges, and usage in daily routines. It also covers different intervals of the day such as morning, afternoon, evening, and night, along with the significance of terms like 'sunrise' and 'sunset.' Additionally, it provides a grammar focus on prepositions used with time expressions and includes an assignment for sentence completion.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
17 views4 pages

Understanding Time Expressions

The document explains the concepts of AM and PM, detailing their meanings, time ranges, and usage in daily routines. It also covers different intervals of the day such as morning, afternoon, evening, and night, along with the significance of terms like 'sunrise' and 'sunset.' Additionally, it provides a grammar focus on prepositions used with time expressions and includes an assignment for sentence completion.

Uploaded by

benyoha8
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Expressions of Time

The Notion of AM and PM in Time


1. AM (Ante Meridiem)
Meaning: Latin for "before midday."
Time Range: From 12:00 AM (midnight) to 11:59 AM (just before noon).
Usage: Indicates times in the morning.
Examples:
6:00 AM: Six o'clock in the morning.
10:30 AM: Ten thirty in the morning.
2. PM (Post Meridiem)
Meaning: Latin for "after midday."
Time Range: From 12:00 PM (noon) to 11:59 PM (just before midnight).
Usage: Indicates times in the afternoon and evening.
Examples:
1:00 PM: One o'clock in the afternoon.
8:15 PM: Eight fifteen in the evening.
Vocabulary Focus 1: Different intervals of a day
1. Morning/Dawn
Typically, from 12:00 AM to 11:59 AM
Daily routine and time
I get up in the morning.
I have breakfast in the morning.
I go to work in the morning.
We danced till dawn.
The fishermen set out to sea at dawn.
We hope to reach the summit by dawn.
2. Afternoon/Midday/Noon
Generally, from 12:00 PM to 5:59 PM
Daily routine and time
I have lunch in the afternoon.
I finish work in the afternoon.
I get home in the afternoon.
3. Evening
Usually from 6:00 PM to 8:59 PM
Daily routine and time
I have dinner in the evening.
I go to bed in the evening.
4. Night
Generally, from 9:00 PM to 11:59 PM
Late Night/Mid-night: 12:00 AM to 5:00 AM (sometimes overlaps with early morning)
Daily routine
I take a warm shower at night.
I will travel by night.
Vocabulary Focus 2: The Use of "Sunrise" and "Sunset"
"Sunrise" and "sunset" are terms that refer to specific times during the day when the sun appears
above the horizon and when it disappears below it, respectively
Daily Life:
“Sunrise”: Refers to the beginning of the day.
“Sunset”: Indicates the end of the day.
Obituaries:
In obituaries, "sunrise" and "sunset" are often used metaphorically to describe a person's life.
"Sunrise“: May refer to the birth of the individual.
"Sunset": Represents the end of life.
Grammar Focus: Prepositions with a time expression
1. At
Usage: Used for specific times.
Examples:
I have a meeting at 3 PM.
She usually wakes up at dawn.
2. On
Usage: Used for days and dates.
Examples:
We have a class on Monday.
My birthday is on July 15th.
3. In
Usage: Used for longer periods (months, years, centuries, and seasons).
Examples:
I was born in April.
He will graduate in 2025.
The flowers bloom in spring.
4. By
Usage: Used to indicate a deadline or the latest time something will happen.
Examples:
Please submit the report by Friday.
I need to finish this by noon.
5. For
Usage: Used to indicate a duration of time.
Examples:
I will be on vacation for two weeks.
She studied for three hours.
6. Since
Usage: Used to indicate an action's starting point that continues to the present.
Examples:
I have lived here since 2010.
He has been studying since morning.
7. Until/Till
Usage: Used to indicate the time leading up to a specific point.
Examples:
I will wait until 5 PM.
The store is open till midnight.
8. During
Usage: Used to indicate a specific period in which something happens.
Examples:
We travelled during the summer.
He fell asleep during the movie.
Assignment: Complete the Sentences
I left the party ______ midnight.
She will finish her report ______ the morning.
The meeting is scheduled ______ Tuesday.
He has been working here ______ five years.
They usually take a vacation ______ August.
The train arrives ______ 9:30 AM.
I’ll call you ______ I get home.
They were quiet ______ the movie.
We will stay ______ a week.
I have been waiting ______ you since 7 PM.

Common questions

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The preposition 'by' suggests a deadline or the latest possible time, as shown in 'Please submit the report by Friday' . In contrast, 'during' specifies the period within which an action takes place, such as 'He fell asleep during the movie' . These expressions help structure temporal understanding by defining precise constraints versus a context or period.

Daily activities, such as having breakfast and going to work in the morning, align with the cultural concept of beginning productive activities after sunrise . Lunch and finishing work are usually scheduled for the afternoon, indicative of a structured break and work completion cadence . Evening routines, like dinner and bedtime, align with winding down and signify preparation for rest . These activities reflect societal norms around utilizing daylight for productivity and evening for relaxation.

Dawn is positioned as a transitional period from night to morning, representing the start of a new day, practically marking activities that begin with the first light such as fishermen going to sea . Metaphorically, dawn signifies new beginnings or endeavors, a shift from darkness to light, embodying hope and renewal in cultural narratives .

'For' conveys the duration of an action, such as 'studied for three hours,' indicating a clear time span during which an activity occurs . 'Since' denotes the start of an action continuing to the present, like 'He has been studying since morning,' emphasizing continuity from a fixed point . These roles enhance temporal communication by specifying time frames and ongoing actions.

The preposition 'at' is used for specific times, such as 'at 3 PM' . 'On' is used for days and dates, seen in statements like 'on Monday' . 'In' applies to longer periods such as months, years, and seasons, e.g., 'in April' or 'in spring' . These rules help provide clarity in communication by indicating the specificity or expansiveness of a timeframe.

'AM' stands for 'Ante Meridiem,' a Latin term meaning 'before midday,' and represents the time from 12:00 AM to 11:59 AM, indicating morning hours . Conversely, 'PM' stands for 'Post Meridiem,' meaning 'after midday,' covering the time from 12:00 PM to 11:59 PM, which is the afternoon to night hours . The use of Latin underlines the historical evolution of timekeeping using standardized terms.

Morning tasks, typically from 12:00 AM to 11:59 AM, include waking up and starting work, leveraging high alertness levels . Afternoon, from 12:00 PM to 5:59 PM, often focuses on completing work and lunch breaks, reflecting a dip and subsequent resurgence in productivity . Evening and night from 6:00 PM onwards usually involve winding down with dinner and rest, signifying the end of active periods and aligning with social conventions of productivity and restoration cycles .

Culturally, time is segmented into morning, afternoon, evening, and night, influencing daily schedules like working in the morning, resting post-midnight, or dining in the evening . This division optimizes periods for specific activities (e.g., work during daylight), reflecting societal valuations of productivity cycles and rest . The structured use of time ensures social coherence and rhythm in collective daily life.

'Since' is used to denote the starting point of an ongoing action, as seen in 'I have lived here since 2010' . It implies a continuous action from that point to the present. 'Until' marks the endpoint within which an action happens, such as 'I will wait until 5 PM' . These expressions are crucial for setting clear parameters for the timeframe of events and actions.

'Sunrise' and 'sunset' in obituaries symbolize the beginning and end of a person's life, respectively. 'Sunrise' signifies birth or the start of life, akin to a new day beginning as the sun appears , while 'sunset' marks the end of life, just as a day concludes when the sun disappears . This metaphorically reflects the natural progression of life, providing a dignified way to discuss birth and death.

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