ORAL COMMUNICATION
EXAM REVIEWER FIRST QUARTER
Types of Speech According to Delivery
a) Extemporaneous Tips
Description • Once you are requested to
• Speaking with limited preparation speak, pause for a while to plan
• Guided by notes or outlines in your head what to say
• Delivered conversationally • State your points briefly and
• Most popular delivery it at a pace your
audience can follow
Advantages • End by saying thank you
• Helps you look confident
• Engages the audience c) Manuscript
Description
Disadvantages • Speaking with advanced
• May not have adequate time to preparation
plan, organize, rehearse • Planned and rehearsed speech
• Reading aloud a written message
Tips
• Create an outline Speaking situations
• Organize your thoughts logically • Newscasting with a teleprompter
• Use facts or real life experiences or an autocue device
as examples • Presenting the legal proceedings
• Manage your time well and verdict in court
• Rehearse, rehearse, rehearse • Reading the rules and criteria in a
contest
b) Impromptu
Description Advantages
• Speaking without advanced • Exact repetition of the written
preparation words
• Unrehearsed speech • Guided speech
• Spoken conversationally
Disadvantage
Speaking Situations • Boring and uninteresting
• In an event where you are asked presentation
to say a few words • Lacks audience rapport or
• First day at work, or in class, or connection
during an interview
Tips
Advantages • Rehearse the speech over and
• Spontaneous or natural speaking over again until you sound
• More focused and brief natural.
• Observe accomplished news
Disadvantages anchors and note how
• Tendency to be disorganized conversational they sound when
• Lacks connection with the they deliver the news.
audience
• Nerve- wracking for d) Memorized
inexperienced speakers and Description
beginners
ORAL COMMUNICATION
EXAM REVIEWER FIRST QUARTER
• Speaking with advanced 2. Look your audience members in the
preparation eye so they will feel that they are part of
• Planned and rehearsed speech your speech. Eye contact should be
• Reciting a written message maintained to keep the attention of
word-for-word from memory your audience and enhance your
delivery.
Speaking situations 3. Remember to adjust your volume to
• When you perform in a stage the size of the audience and the venue.
play When addressing a large audience,
• When you deliver a declamation, modulate your voice in such a way that
oratorical, or literary piece you speak loudly without sounding like
• When an actor or actress in a shouting or yelling
scene performs a script from 4. Vary your rate or speed to keep your
memory audience interested and to avoid a
monotone pattern.
Advantages 5. Master your voice and find your pitch
• Exact repetition of the written level (high or low). If you have a high
words from memory pitch level, modulate or slightly move it
• free to move around the stage down. If you have a low pitch level,
modulate or slightly move it up. Your
Disadvantages performance will definitely be affected
• speakers might end up speaking if you do not modulate.
in a monotone pattern.
Alternatively, he/she 6. Use pauses when you emphasize the
• Might take a fast pace. most important words, phrases, or
• when the speaker cannot control sentences. Your pauses should not last
his/her stage fright, he/she might for three seconds. Otherwise, it will result
have in dead air or a moment of awkward
• Difficulty remembering his/her silence.
memorized speech. 7. Pronounce and enunciate words
correctly. You will confuse the audience
Tips if you mispronounce words, and it could
• Rehearse the speech over and distract them and affect your credibility.
over again until you sound 8. Avoid fillers or expressions that
natural and feel confident. substitute actual words in your speech
• Observe how actors/actresses because these words are distracting.
perform their script in a theater, Instead of using them the next time you
television, or deliver a speech, simply stop and
• Movie scenes. pause.
9. Start your speech by standing straight
More tips for effective speech delivery and balancing your weight. This will give
1. Use a conversational style more often. a positive first impression.
This is the style that is more natural; it is 10. Use precise movements. Avoid
the style that you always use when you distracting mannerisms like swaying
express yourself with your family and back and forth, leaning on the podium,
friends. Audience members do not like licking or biting your lips, playing with
the speaker to sound unnatural or your wristwatch or jewelry, scratching
exaggerated. parts of your body, frowning, and others.
ORAL COMMUNICATION
EXAM REVIEWER FIRST QUARTER
Observe your mannerisms and learn look forward to teaching others how to
how to avoid them when speaking in survive impromptu speech situations
public.
11. Avoid having a poker face or a b) Point-Reason-Example/Explanation-
highly animated face. These facial Point
expressions appear distracting and may Example:
even be annoying. Instead, follow the Point I love Facebook.
most highly suggested tip: smile.
However, make sure that the meaning Reason I have two
of your speech reflects in your facial reasons for this: one, it helps me easily
expressions; do not smile if you are reconnect with old friends; and, two, I
talking about something sad. am updated on the happenings around
12. Dress properly and appropriately. me.
Wearing the proper attire will make you
look more confident and professional. Example/Explanation Through
Make sure not to overdress, as this may Facebook, I am able to contact my old
distract your audience. friends from other countries and
13. Observe ethics by coming prepared, reminisce about wonderful memories. I
being honest with your words, being am glad to be able to reconnect with
polite, avoiding offensive words and friends even if it’s only through online
back-biting or talking negative things means. Also, through posts on
about other people, or copying Facebook, I learn about the current
someone’s work without proper events in the country—a fact which has
documentation. a bearing on my role as a citizen of this
14. Breathe in and out to relax before nation.
your speech. Most importantly, have
fun. Point Facebook,
indeed, is a useful social network site.
That is why I love it.
c) Opening, Rule of Three, Clincher
Example:
Opening Every time I see
Strategies in Organizing and Delivering homeless families, it breaks my heart.
an Impromptu Speech That is why I try to do at least three little
a) Past, Present, Future things to help them.
Example:
In the past, I was not comfortable in Rule of Three
making impromptu speeches because I First, I feature them in
could not think right away of what to my writings which I submit to editors for
say; maybe it was because of publication. I highlight their sad and
nervousness and lack of time to bad experiences living in the streets and
prepare. At present, however, I am their dreams and aspirations in life.
enjoying it because I constantly Second, I actively
practice and keep on exposing myself participate in organizing and facilitating
to any speaking situation. In the future, I livelihood programs for these families.
ORAL COMMUNICATION
EXAM REVIEWER FIRST QUARTER
Finally, I join different Parliamentary
nonprofit organizations in campaigns
and awareness activities against Problem You think that it is not right for
poverty. you because you are a science major.
Clincher These three are my Solution
baby steps toward achieving my vision Find a pair of anything that you
of helping homeless people and freeing think is worth comparing. You can
this nation from the bondage of poverty Compare natural science and social
science in terms of concepts and
d) Bridging Processes, or computers and humans in
This entails building a connection terms of capacity and efficiency.
between what you do know and what
you do not know. Response
“This question reminds me of the
Example: complexities in differentiating two
Topic You are asked about your Concepts in science. These are natural
reaction on the conflict in Russia. science and social science. Just like
Democratic and parliamentary, these
Problem You have no knowledge two differ in terms of concepts and
about the existing conflict in Russia processes…
because you do not follow it.
f) Playing Devil’s Advocate
Solution Find a way to bridge what This refers to you standing on the
you don’t know and what you do know. opposite side.
Response “I would imagine the
conflict in Russia to be like a conflict in Example:
my own family. The following are some Topic You are asked whether or
steps that I observed in patching up the not the government should allocate a
conflict, which, in a micro level, may be bigger budget for national defense.
considered by the Russian
government…” Problem You have no idea about
the defense system and you are more
e) Reframing knowledgeable with education.
This means rephrasing or redefining the Solution Say no to defense and yes
topic into something that you want to to education.
talk about. This usually occurs if you think
the topic inappropriate or it is not meant Response “Instead of allocating more
for you. money to national defense, why not
allot it to education? Let me tell you
Keep the structure but alter the subject. why education should be prioritized…
Rephrase the question or even
challenge it; you can even argue why
the question given is not the right
question at all.
Topic You are asked to compare two
forms of government: democratic and
ORAL COMMUNICATION
EXAM REVIEWER FIRST QUARTER
f) Rapport with the audience
This refers to a speaker’s connection
with the audience. This connection is
characterized by harmony, conformity,
accord, or affinity.
g) Audiovisual aids
There are devices such as films, video,
and audio clips, slide presentations,
models, and blackboard notes that
accompany verbal messages to help
audiences comprehend, appreciate,
The Principles of Speech Delivery and retain information better.
a) Articulation
Is an act, process, or means of putting
something into words or the clear and
accurate pronunciation of words
especially in public speaking.
Coherence = “to stick together” Speech Writing Process
How do you achieve coherence in your Speech
speech? A physical and situational event occurs
• Plan the order of ideas you will in a specific time and space.
articulate or express. Could be traditional or mediated
An oral and physical performance.
b) Modulation
Is to change the sound of your voice by Speech writing
making it quieter, higher, lower, etc. It Not just a text
also means to change or adjust Write aloud
something so that it exists in a balanced Must heard, not read
or proper amount.
Speech writing process
c) Stage presence Not chronological or linear
Is the ability to command an audience It is recursive
with impressive style or manner.
Process:
d) Facial expression • Conducting and audience
Is a gesture executed with the facial analysis
muscles. Your facial expression reveals • Determining the purpose of the
effectively what you think or how you speech
feel. • Selecting a topic
• Narrowing down a topic
e) Gestures • Gathering data
These refer to movements or positions of • Selecting a speech pattern
the hand, arm, body, head, or face that • Preparing an outline
is expressive of an idea, opinion, • Creating the body of the speech
emotion, etc. • Preparing the introduction
ORAL COMMUNICATION
EXAM REVIEWER FIRST QUARTER
• Preparing the conclusion • Give substance to our speech
• Editing and/ removing • Articles, interviews, verified
• Rehearsing sources of information
• Statistics
1) Audience analysis • People
• Who am i talking to?
• Profile of your target audience 5) Writing patterns
• Guides your speech content and • How am i going to write it?
delivery
• Know your listeners a) Biographical
• Life story of a person
a) Demography • Can be personal famous or not
• Age range, Male-Female RATIO,
educational background, b) Categorical or topical
nationality, economic status, • Categorize related information
marital status, language spoken • Overall to subtopic
b) Situation
• Time, venue, occasion, size c) Causal
• Cause-effect relationship
c) Psychology
• values, beliefs, attitudes, d) Chronological
preferences, cultural and racial • Dates
ideologies, needs • Records/sequence of events
• Important events
e) Comparison or Contrast
• Compare-contrast points
2) Purpose • Similarities
• Why am i doing a speech? • Differences
• What am i going to talk about?
f) Problem-Solution
1) To inform (facts or information) • Identify a problem
2) To entertain (experiences, • Its cause
remembrance, amusement) • Recommended solution
3) To persuade (advocacy, opinions, • Take action
convictions)
6) Outline
3) Topic • Hierarchical list/ framework
• Focal point of the speech • Show relationship of ideas
• Main theme or issue • How do you want to develop
• Narrowed topic your ideas?
• Make it specific and focused • Map out parts of your
• Branch out from general topic introduction, body, and
• Explore the specific topic in conclusion
details
a) Table format
4) Data gathering b) List format
• What do i need to look into?
ORAL COMMUNICATION
EXAM REVIEWER FIRST QUARTER
7) The body • Say it out loud
• Bulk of your speech • Seek feedback
• Provide explanations
• Examples, statistics
• Ideas from experts
8) Introduction
• Foundation of your speech
• Grab the attention of audience
• Present main idea
• Real life experience
• Quote
• Facts/stats
• Personal story
9) Conclusion
• How do i end my speech strong?
• Restate main idea
• Call for action
• Summarize
• Leave a question
• Memorable lines
10)Editing / revising
6 power principles
a) Edit for Focus
• Central message of the speech
b) Edit for Clarity
• Logical Arrangements
• Use of words
c) Edit for Concision
• K.I.S.S
• Remove unnecessary sentence
d) Edit for Continuity
• Transitions
• Flow of Speech
e) Edit for Variety
• Change tone and style
• Make it interesting
f) Edit for Impact and Beauty
• Make it special
• Memorable
11)Rehearsal
• What works
• What does not work for you and
your target audience