TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.

892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@[Link]

LEARNING MODULE IN ORAL COMMUNICATION

(WEEK 1 and 2)

I. At the end of the module you should be able to:

Employ various communicative strategies in different situations.
II. Motivation /Drill
Act out a scene from the movie that you have watched.
III. Lesson Proper

Communicative Strategies
These are plans, ways or means of sharing information which are adopted to achieve a particular
social, political, psychological and linguistic purpose.

Types of Communicative Strategies

1. Nomination
 presenting a particular topic clearly, truthfully, and saying only what is relevant
 a speaker carries out a nomination to collaboratively and productively establish a topic
 when you apply this strategy, you try to open a topic to the people you are communicating with.

Examples:

 Have you felt the earthquake last night?

 There's a new film festival next month!
 Mom, I'm pregnant.

2. Restriction
 constraining the response or reaction within a set of categories
 refers to any limitation you have as a speaker

Examples
o report using the English language
o When the teachers ask you for a brainstorm on peer pressure

3. Turn-taking

 recognizing when and how to speak because it is one's turn

 pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor
 the primary idea is to give all communicators a chance to speak

 You have the spotlight now.

 We are ready whenever you are.
 Do you have something to say?

4. Topic Control

 covers how procedural formality and informality affects the development of topics in
conversation. This means that when a topic is initiated, it should be collectively developed by
avoiding unnecessary interruptions and topic shifts
 keeping the conversation going by asking questions and eliciting responses

Example: You said that you like milk chocolates, but you also stated that dark chocolates taste good.
So, do you know that all chocolates are based from a single ingredient called cacao?

Page 1 of 13
 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@[Link]

5. Topic Shifting
 involves moving from one topic to another.
 where a part of a conversation ends and also begins
 introducing a new topic followed by the continuation of the topic beforehand

Examples:
I found a treasure chest, and it's heavy!
Wow! That's amazing - where did you find it?
At the backyard of an abandoned house.
Do you know that it's haunted? It is said that a family has been killed at that same spot during the 1900's.

6. Repair

This refers on how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they
may encounter in a conversation. It is overcoming communication breakdown to send more
comprehensible messages.

Examples:
 I beg your pardon, but the latest record of the number of islands in the Philippines is 7, 641 and
not 7, 107.
 The correct pronunciation of Nike is not nayk but nayki.

7. Termination

 This refers to the conversation participants' close-initiating remarks that end a topic in a communication
process.
 utilization of verbal and non-verbal signals to end the interaction.

Examples:

 See you around then.

 Let's chat some more when I see you again.
 I just need to rush this; would that be okay?
 Goodbye and thank you Mr. Moloboco.

IV. RESOURCES
[Link]

Page 2 of 13
 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@[Link]

LEARNING MODULE IN ORAL COMMUNICATION

(WEEK 3 and 4)

I. At the end of the module you should be able to:

Explain that a shift in speech context, speech style, speech act and communicative strategy affects
the following:
a. Language form
b. Duration of interaction
c. Relationship of speaker
d. Role and responsibility of the speaker
e. Message
f. Delivery

II. Lesson Proper

People do not communicate in just one way using only one method. When communicating with
other persons, people interact in different ways. People might joke with one and be reserved with
another. They might be casual with a best friend, but formal with their parents. Group discussion is
different from Public speaking. A different Communicative Strategy that leads to effective
communication. Each speech context requires an understanding of the speech act. With
understanding comes an adjustment of speech style to insure the delivery of the [Link]
we communicate with one another, we interact based on a specific speech context. After all a
speaker cannot whisper speech to an audience nor can we talk as though a Public speaker at the
person giving a job [Link] is divided into a certain level based on the number of
participants in the process.

Types of Speech Context

1. Intrapersonal – This refers to communication that centers on one person where the speaker acts
both as the sender and the receiver of message. “The message is made up of your thoughts and
feelings. The channel is your brain, which processes what you are thinking and feeling. There is
feedback in the sense that as you talk to yourself, you discard certain ideas and replace them with
others.” (Hybels & Weaver, 2012, p 16)

Examples:
• You spent the night thinking and analyzing why a student from the other class talked to you on the
way home and you decided it probably meant nothing.
• You felt happy while thinking about how your teacher appreciated you for submitting your project
before the due date and you reflected on why this was so.

2. Interpersonal – This refers to communication between and among people and establishes personal
relationship between and among them. Solomon and Theiss (2013) state that “the inter part of the
word highlights how interpersonal communication connects people… when you engage in
interpersonal communication, you and another person become linked together… The personal part
means that your unique qualities as a person matter during interpersonal communication…”

Types of Interpersonal Context

[Link] communication- occurs between two people

[Link] group - involves at least three but not more than twelve people engaging in a face to face
interaction to achieve desired goal and all participants can freely share their ideas in a loose and
open discussion

Page 3 of 13
 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@[Link]

Examples:
a. You are participating in an organizational meeting which aims to address the concerns of your
students.
b. You are having a discussion with your groupmates on how to finish the assigned tasks!

3. Public- This type refers to communication that requires you to deliver or send the message
before or in front of a group.
Examples:
You deliver a graduation speech to your batch.
You participate in a declaration, oratorical, or debate contest watched by a number of people

4. Mass Communication - Communication that takes place through television, radio, newspapers,
magazines, books, billboards, internet and other types of media.

Example:
You are a student journalist articulating your stand on current issues through the school newspaper.

The Different Speech Styles

1. Frozen
It is the most formal communicative style that is usually used during respectful events and ceremonies.
It also used when one shows hesitation, disinterest or prejudice. Frozen speech is used generally in a
very formal setting, does not require any feedback from the audience, most formal communicative style
for respectful situations.

Examples: Pledges, anthems, marriage ceremonies, laws, etc.

2. Intimate
For very close relationships like couples, family, and best friends. It is also used for self-addressed
questions or self-talk, etc. Intimate speech is used in conversation between people who are very close
and know each other quite well because they have the maximum of shared background information.
Example: Couple talking about their future plans, family sharing ideas, very close friends sharing
secrets, etc.

3. Formal
Formal speeches are straightforward speeches. In this speech style, the speaker avoids using slang
terminologies, what the speaker says is something that has been prepared beforehand, its complex
sentence and noun phrases are well structured, logically sequenced and strongly coherent.

Examples: Announcements, SONA, welcome addresses, etc.

4. Casual
This is an informal communication between groups and peers. Casual style is used in conversation
between friends and insiders who have something to share and have shared background information but
don’t have close relations.

Examples: phone calls, everyday conversation with friends, chats, etc.

5. Consultative
This is used in semi-formal communication, sentences end to be shorter and spontaneous, the speaker
does not usually plan what he/she wants to say, most operational among others.

Examples: regular classroom discussions, doctor-patient, etc.

Page 4 of 13
 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@[Link]

Definition of Speech Acts

Communication has always been a necessity in human life. Through communication, the trade of
thought among people, which directly contributes to the development of the quality of life itself, can be
performed. The ability to percept utterances in communication can determine the actions followed.
Communication can be conveyed through verbal and nonverbal communication. Buck (2002) states that there
are two types of communication, they are verbal and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication is the
way of communicating messages by using words as elements. Nonverbal communication is the way of
communicating messages by using gesture, body movements, eye contact, facial expression, or general
appearance as the element.

Types of Speech Acts

There are three types of acts in the speech acts, they are locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary.

Locutionary speech act is roughly equivalent to uttering certain utterance with certain sense and
reference, which again is roughly equivalent to meaning in traditional sense (Austin, 1962: 108). In line with
this, Cutting (2002: 16) states that locutionary is what is said. Also proposed by Yule (1996) who states that
locutionary act is the act of producing meaningful utterances. The example of the locutionary speech act can be
seen in the following sentences:

1. It’s so dark in this room.

2. The box is heavy.

The above two sentences represent the actual condition. The first sentence refers to the lighting of the room and
the second sentence refers to the weight of the box.

Illocutionary act is performed via the communicative force of an utterance, such as promising,
apologizing, offering (Yule, 1996:48). This act is also called the act of doing something in saying something.
The most significant level of action in a speech act is the illocutionary act because the force, which has been
desired by the speakers, determines this act. Illocutionary act can be the real description of interaction
condition.

For example:
1. It’s so dark in this room.
2. The box is heavy.

Based on the examples above, the first sentence shows a request to switch the light on and the second sentence
shows a request to lift up the box.

Hufford and Heasley (1983:250) states that perlocutionary act is the act that is carried out by a speaker
when making an utterance causes in certain effect on the hearer and others. Perlocutionary act is also the act
offering someone. Perlocutionary act refers to the effect the utterance has on the thoughts or actions of the other
person. A perlocutionary act is specific to the circumstances of issuance, and is therefore not conventionally
achieved just by uttering that particular utterance, and includes all those effects, intended or unintended, often
indeterminate, that some particular utterance in a particular situation cause.
For example
: 1. It is so dark in this room.
2. The box is heavy

Based on the example it can be inferred that the first sentence is uttered by someone while switching the
light on and the second sentence is done by someone while lifting up the box.

Page 5 of 13
 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@[Link]

Classification of Speech Acts

Speech acts can be classified into five categories as Searle in Levinson (1983: 240) states that the
classifications are representatives, directives, commissive, expressive, and declarations

Representatives

Representatives are speech acts that the utterances commit the speaker to the truth of the expressed
proposition. The utterances are produced based on the speaker’s observation of certain things then followed by
stating the fact or opinion based on the observation. When someone says “she’s beautiful”, the speaker can state
the sentence based on the fact or just give his or her own opinion about physical condition of a person. It also
states what the speaker believes to be the case or not. Statements of fact, assertions, conclusions, and
descriptions are all examples of the speaker representing the world as he or she believes it is. For example,
when someone says “The earth is flat”, it represents the speaker’s assertions about the earth. The speaker has
opinion that the earth is flat. Representatives speech act can be noted by some speech acts verb, such as: remind,
tell, assert, deny, correct, state, guess, predict, report, describe, inform, insist, assure, agree, claim, beliefs,
conclude.

Directives

Directives area speech acts that speaker uses to get someone else to do something. These speech acts
include requesting, questioning, command, orders, and suggesting. For example, when someone says “Could
you lend me a pencil, please?” the utterance represents the speaker requests that the hearer to do something
which is to lend him a pencil.

Commissive

Commissive are speech acts that the utterances commit the speaker to some future course of action,
these include promising, threatening, offering, refusal, pledges. For example, when someone says “I’ll be back”,
represents the speaker’s promise that he/she will be back.

Expressive

Expressive are speech acts that the utterances express a psychological state. These speech acts include
thanking, apologizing, welcoming, and congratulating. For example, when someone says “don’t be shy, my
home is your home.” The utterance represents the speaker’s expression that he/she welcomes someone

Declarations

Declarations are speech acts that the utterances effect immediate changes in the institutional state of
affairs and which tend to rely on elaborate exa- linguistic institutions. These speech acts include
excommunicating, declaring war, christening, firing from employment.
For example, “you are dead to me.”

IV. RESOURCES:

Oral Communication in Context by: Ramona S. Flores p 43

[Link]
[Link]

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 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@[Link]

LEARNING MODULE IN ORAL COMMUNICATION

(WEEK 5 and 6)

I. At the end of the module you should be able to:

Use principles of effective writing focusing on: audience profile, language organization, duration
word choice, and grammatical correctness

II. Lesson Proper

Keys in Writing a Speech

1. Be specific and Concise

Only discuss few points in details instead of covering a lot of ideas

2. Speak accurately and avoid using unfamiliar words

Use some phrases and words that are simple and easier to understand.

3. Be flexible and determine your audience

Speak respectfully to take control of the crowd’s attention and not offending your
listener.

4. Be interesting. Keep your mood and tone lively.

Convey your speech in a friendly way and maintain positive attitude to keep your
audience attention.

5. Use real examples when highlighting a speech.

In order to have an effective speech, you may use some real-life examples or experiences
to entertain your audience.

6. Use appropriate transition of words

Using appropriate transition of words can make your speech understandable. It can also
connect your point of ideas accordingly.

7. Begin and end with a remarkable quotation

Beginning and ending with a quote from famous writers or a poem is another way to
arouse the interest of your audience.

8. Use some metaphors and other figures of speech to effectively convey your point.

9. Keep the language style in how you usually speak

In speech writing don’t use some over complicated words to try to sound sophisticated or
clever. Read your speech simple with loud and clear voice.

10. Manage your time well.

Make sure that your speech falls from within the time limit. Nobody likes to listen to a
long speech.

Page 7 of 13
 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@[Link]

Principles of Effective Speech Writing

1. Choosing the topic

A speech is meant to impart a message to the listeners. The choice of topic maybe up to the speaker but
more often than not, the speaker is given the topic because it is the central theme of a program, conference or
presentation. The topic should be timely, meaning in existence at the present time. The topic should be
interesting to you (the speaker, so that you will be enthusiastic in preparing and delivering the speech. At the
same time, it should be just as interesting to your audience so that they will focus on your speech and nothing
[Link] must be pointed out that when choosing a topic, the speaker must ever be mindful of the culture of the
speaker and the listener, their ages, gender, their social status and religious affiliation. The speaker should
choose a topic that is at the level of knowledge of both the speaker and the listener.

2. Analyzing the Audience

The audience is one of the major factors that determine the uniqueness of the speech. Justas there is no
speech that fits to all Public communication Situation. There is no single audience for a speech, how do you
analyze the audience if you do not know who the audience will be. Get or guess the demographic data of the
audience, age, gender, ethnic background, occupation, social status and [Link] if one is addressing a
business group,a student club,or a community [Link] data may influence the audience’s reaction to
the [Link] is important to know the group to which your audience belongs as these group hold certain beliefs
and values. You may then be able to ascertain how your listeners feel about certain issues without having to talk
to each and every listener or do a survey among [Link] is important to find out how your audience feels about
the topic of your speech and what they already know about it that you do not repeat it and bore the audience.

3. Sourcing the Information

This involves seeking out all the available means for finding materials to support the speech. Good
sourcesare the newspaper, magazines, books, journals, or any reading material full of useful [Link]
engines on the internet such as Google or Yahoo may also be used. However, the best resources are people,
especially the experts or those who are involved in the field to which the topic belongs. Information for any
topic must be relevant in discussing the topic directly. It must betimely, meaning it focuses on the present or
recent past, and must cover the topics focuses only on thepart of a general subject or issue. The information
gathered must be at the level of knowledge both the speaker and the audience, without offending the listener.

4. Writing the Outline and Organizing the Speech Content

Sort the information into categories: statistics, testimonies, and opinions, historical facts [Link]
the speech itself. For this, the best method is the outline which is then filled out with supporting materials.
There are different kinds of outline that one can use depending on how the speech is to be organized.

a. Chronological Outline- historical time approach like from past to present

Ex. Development of Ilocos Region from Martial Law to present
b. Spatial/Geographical Outline- going from one place to another, from one direction to another.
Ex. The Heritage Churches of Pampanga
c. Cause and effect Outline – involve a discussion of both cause and effect of an issue.
Ex. The Fish Kill of Laguna de Bay
d. Problem -Solution Outline-explains a problem and suggest possible solution
Ex. Cleaning Up Manila Bay
e. Topical Outline divides the topic into subtopics based on importance or interest value or simply
because the topic requires it; for topics that do not fall under any of the previously mentioned
outline.
Ex. Social Media Have Made Us Anti - Social

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 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@[Link]

Techniques in Writing a Speech

There are 3 techniques in writing a speech, whether in full form for manuscript or memorized speeches
or in an outline form for Impromptu and Extemporaneous Speeches.

1. Write the Body of the Speech first, filling in the contents of the speech latter with supporting
materials.

2. Write the Introduction and the Conclusion later.

3. Some are writing the conclusion first which many find it helpful because it shows what the speech
end with. On the other hand, some use the techniques of writing the introduction first to guide the speech
in the direction one wants it to go. Whichever techniques works for you, the speech as written, should
flow logically, from one point toanother. This logical progression made it easy for the speaker to deliver
the speech.

IV. RESOURCES:Oral Communication in Context by; Ramona S. Flores pp. 74-79

Page 9 of 13
 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@[Link]

LEARNING MODULE IN ORAL COMMUNICATION

(WEEK 7 and 8)

I. At the end of the module you should be able to:

Use principles of effective speech delivery focusing on: articulation, modulation, stage presence,
facial expressions, gestures and movements, and rapports with the audience

II. Drill

Practice delivering your written speech in the mirror.

III. Lesson Proper

Physical Features of a Speaker

Appearance
The speaker’s appearance should be appealing to the audience. The audience in fact likes speakers who
are similar to them.

Movement
All the movements on the stage should be voluntary and warranted. Nervousness can cause involuntary
movements which can distress both the speaker and the audience. If the speaker gets involved in the speech and
trusts the audience, nervousness can go. No movement can happen on the stage without reason. Movements
driven by the speech can help the speaker maintain contact with all the sections of the audience.

Posture
A confident speaker stands straight with his arms well relaxed. Nervous speakers sprawl on the podium
and lean against the wall. There is always fear andtension. Great speakers on the other hand take an informal
posture and relax their audience too. Informal postures get the speaker a positive reaction from the audience.

Facial Expressions
The expression on the speaker’s face determines the audience’s closeness to him. Warm smile and
confident look take the audience close to the speaker. The expressions display the degree of involvement, the
speaker has in his speech. The involvement with the speech is all the necessity and the rest will take care of
itself.
The expressions and the tone used by the speaker should go hand in hand with the message and the
emotions that are delivered. For example, the expression and tone of the speaker should be serious when he
delivers a serious message and sad when he delivers something sad. Any deviation in this would confuse the
audience.

Eye Contact
It is one of the most important gestures. It not only increases the speaker’s direct contact with the
audience but also increases their interest in their speech. Direct eye contact helps the speaker understand
audience reaction then and there and it makes the occasion less frightening.

Volume
It is confirmed by the number of the audience but it should be loud enough for the speech to reach
everybody. The beginners who have stage fear are usually not loud enough and it is they who should check it
through rehearsals.

Articulation
It is the right pronunciation of all the words. The people who suffer stage fright commit the mistake of
deletion, addition, adding extra parts towards slurring. Perfect articulation and Standard English are a must for
any public speaker.

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 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@[Link]

Time
Time is an important factor in Speech delivery. At the outset, the speaker should know the amount of
time given for his speech and prepare accordingly. Sticking to time can be achieved by proper rehearsals.

Language
The speaker should use the language well suited for the audience. Too much of scientific terms may not
go well with the common public. The words that the speak uses should be readily understood by the audience. It
is good to stoop to the level of the audience.

Use Short stories

Anecdotes and Quotations according to the need. It is always good to start the speech with a small story
as stories normally arouse interest. But remember, too much of anything is good for nothing

Four Types of Speeches

Speeches can be categorized into four broad areas depending on the amount of preparation that is
undertaken and depending upon the nature of the occasion. The four types of speeches are manuscript,
memorized, extemporaneous, and impromptu. Our aim is to acquaint you with these four different modes of
delivery, to provide suggestions for when you are asked to make impromptu remarks, and then to focus most
your time on the preparation, practice, and presentation of extemporaneous speeches.

Manuscript Speech

When you listen to the President deliver a State of the Union message, you listen to a well-crafted
speech being read from a teleprompter. The speech has been polished by a staff of speechwriters and has been
practiced many times. The President will know how to anticipate the reaction of the audience and will know
when to pause for applause and when to expect laughter. This form of speaking is used when the exact words
matter and when much time and energy is expended on getting everything just right. There are times when
people who are not leaders of countries deliver manuscript speeches as well. They are used when people testify
before Congress, when people read important statements in a public setting, or when people deliver reports at
professional meetings. All call for exact words in the correct [Link] the President has access to a staff of
speech writers and a teleprompter, most of us do not. If you were given this type of assignment, you would have
to read your manuscript speech from printed notes. In that case, you would want to ensure that you had prepared
your manuscript carefully, using large fonts so you could read it easily without burying your nose in the pages.
Reading the speech does not allow you to skimp on the preparation. Practice the speech many times. This
allows you to make changes, if needed, and to select the best words to communicate your exact meaning.
Remember to speak clearly and naturally -strive for a conversational tone. It shouldn’t sound read -even if you
are reading. Also, remember to speak slowly; there is a natural tendency to speed up when we speak in public.
Delivering a speech is not a race; you do not receive bonus points for finishing [Link] you are specifically
told by your instructor to prepare and deliver a manuscript speech, you should never write out the entire speech.
Spend your time developing your outline, organizing your ideas, and determining where you can best insert
your supports. Then practice using the outline while speaking.

Memorized Speech

When you were in elementary school, did you ever have to memorize a poem or a part of a speech? If
you are like most students, the answer is “Yes.” There is nothing wrong with memorization. But if you try to
memorize a speech, you risk forgetting what you planned to say and coming across as completely unprepared.
Memorizing your speech is even worse than reading it. All the objections that apply to the read speech also
apply to the memorized speech. Spontaneity is gone. The speech can sound stilted. Often, delivery is too rapid.
Concentration is on the words, not the ideas. Sometimes the speech sounds too formal, like a written essay.
There is minimal feedback or other contact with the audience. And what happens if your mind goes completely
blank or if an audience member interrupts? The entire presentation will likely fall apart. Memorizing a speech
puts entirely too much pressure on the [Link] said, there are a couple of parts of the speech that you may
want to have memorized -or practiced so well that you can deliver them almost as if memorized. These include:

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892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@[Link]

Your introduction: It sets the stage for the entire speech. The words should be well chosen and rehearsed.
You may find that as you repeat this portion of the speech during your rehearsals you do come to memorize it
word for word. If so, this is fine. After all, once you have determined the best way of saying something, why
not use it? Just make sure the presentation does not sound [Link] conclusion: The summary and
call to action are the final words that your audience will hear. As with the introduction, if you practice this
repeatedly you will develop the best way to say what you want and you will probably have perfected this
portion of the speech.

Impromptu Speech

There will come a time for all of us when we are asked to “say a few words” without much
preparation. You haven’t prepared any notes, you haven’t practiced what you’ll say, and you’re being asked to
“wing it.” While this may seem incredibly scary, impromptu presentations are the most common type of public
speaking. You’re in class and suddenly the professor wants to hear how group projects are going. You, as the
leader of your group, are asked to stand and briefly discuss what the group is doing and how much you’ve
completed so far. That’s an impromptu speech. You didn’t know when you headed to class that day that you’d
be speaking in public, but you did it. No sweat! Or maybe you’re in a meeting at work and the boss announces
that he wants you to brief everyone in the meeting on the new equipment being installed that afternoon. Again,
no prior planning, no notes, you just do it. That’s impromptu speaking.

Extemporaneous Speech

The focus of most college courses in public speaking is the extemporaneous speech. This is because this
is the type of speech used most in business, education, preaching, and political affairs. Few of us will ever have
a professional staff of speechwriters or ever deliver a speech with the aid of a teleprompter. But when you do
have a speech or presentation to deliver, you’ll want to sound prepared, authoritative, and [Link] stated,
an extemporaneous speech is one where you will have time for preparation and practice but will not be expected
to read from a manuscript or to have the speech memorized. The question most students ask is, “How much
time should be spent in preparation and practice?" Perhaps Mark Twain said it best. When speaking about
preparing for an impromptu speech, he noted, “It usually takes more than three weeks to prepare a good
impromptu speech” (King). While celebrated as a humorist, there is much truth in his words. To appear to be
speaking off the cuff, and to do it well, you must prepare thoroughly and practice to perfection. When you speak
extemporaneously, it means you’ve had ample time to prepare and research and that you have rehearsed your
speech (many times) using an outline or notes to remind you of the progression of ideas you wish to present.
You will follow all the normal steps outlined in the earlier chapters. Choose a topic, narrow appropriately,
analyze your audience, choose your supports, and create an outline. You will know your speech so well and will
amaze your audience!

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 TRINITY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE INC.
892 Alfina Bldg., Quirino Highway, Brgy. Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon City
Telephone Number: 7738-1713
Email: tpchrdnova@[Link]

Principles of Speech Delivery

Articulation
Pronouncing the words and speaking with clear diction that effectively transmits the Message of the
Speaker. The correct way of saying the word, whether they are familiar.

Modulation
The capability to adjust or manipulate the resonance and timbre of the vocal tone.

Stage Presence
The ability to “own” the stage, of the speaker being able to fill the space and project his/her personality
to the audience.

Audience
The opposite of stage presence is stage fright, which is considered by many as the topmost fear in the
world of public speaking; making one feel shaky and nervous.

Facial Expressions, Gestures, and Movements Facial Expressions

It builds a connection with your audience. It shows sincerity and credibility to the [Link] also
conveys the feelings of the speaker. Gestureshelps you emphasize a point, express emotions, release
tensions, and engage your audience.

Movements
It breaks monotony of where you are placed as a speaker.

Audience Rapport
It is a need to establishing a connection with the listeners and or the audience.

IV. RESOURCES:

HTTPS://[Link]/ATD-FSCJ-PUBLICSPEAKING/CHAPTER/FOUR-
TYPES-OF-SPEECHES/

[Link]

Oral Communication in Context by: Ramona S. Flores pp. 80-84

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