Readings in the Philippine History
MODULE 6
LESSON 1: Biography of a prominent Filipino
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Identify the different Filipino heroines who changed and contribute to the Philippine History
Able to research a biography of different prominent Filipino and analyze their contributions
in the Philippine history
______________________________________________________________________________________
DISCUSSION
Of course Jose Rizal is a given as the national hero. And then there’s Andres
Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo, and Emilio Jacinto. Perhaps even throw in Antonio Luna thanks
to successful historical film “Heneral Luna” (2015).
The Philippines does not have an official list of national heroes. While there has been an
attempt to come up with one, legislators deferred finalizing a list to avoid a deluge of
proclamations and debates “involving historical controversies about heroes.” Still, textbooks
and flashcards don’t hesitate to ingrain their names in our minds. It’s interesting how these
historical figures all breed the same familiarity as superheroes, with students already
knowing their names and achievements by heart by the time they reach high school.
Pre - Activity
Aside from Rizal, the National Hero of the Philippines, enumerate at least 2 of
your favorite Prominent People in our country and identify their greatest
contributions that makes History in the Philippines.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Thinking about the personalities, you can’t help but notice a pattern: they’re mostly men who
fit into the typical hero mold of machismo and valor. While history books often devote entire
chapters to the adventures and achievements of male heroes, our female heroines are often
bunched into one section, treated as footnotes or afterthoughts despite also fighting for the
nation’s freedom.
In time for Independence Day, CNN Philippines Life lists five brave Filipino heroines whose
actions deserve to be remembered. These women are more than just tokens for female
representation. Remember their names and their achievements, so that the next time
someone asks, you’ll be ready.
5 Filipino heroines who changed Philippine history
[Link]
Written by Gaby Gloria
Gabriela Silang (1731-1763)
Gabriela Silang is perhaps the most well-known among all the Filipino heroines, but she is
almost always mentioned in tandem with her husband, Diego. Since their achievements are
usually written about together, many forget that she had her own fair share of heroic acts as
“the first Filipina to lead an uprising against a foreign power.” Silang was a fearless Ilocaña
warrior who assumed her husband’s role as commander of rebel troops after his
assassination in 1763. She rallied fighting forces (including the native Itneg people) to carry
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on the war against Spain in their home province of Ilocos, launching guerrilla attacks against
Spanish garrisons — attacks that caused Spanish soldiers to fear her name.
For her final battles at the liberation of Vigan, she led over 2,000 men to go against an army
of over 6,000 Spanish soldiers backed by a powerful artillery. The battle proved unsuccessful
for the General, so she and 80 remaining troops retreated to unexplored regions of Abra,
where they were eventually captured. The Spanish made her witness the public executions of
her men before publicly hanging the General herself in September 1763. Despite the loss,
Gabriela Silang is still recognized for her immense courage in fighting for the independence of
Ilocos.
Trivia: Gabriela Silang was widowed twice in her lifetime. At 20, she was forced to marry a
wealthy old man who passed away after three years. It was after his death that she met Diego
Silang, who was a mail carrier at the time.
Tandang Sora (1812-1919)
More than just a road in Quezon City, Tandang Sora, whose real name is Melchora Aquino,
was fondly called the Mother of the Revolution. She was a single mother who managed the
farm left by her deceased husband while raising her six children. Tandang Sora earned her
nickname after taking care of Andres Bonifacio and other Katipuneros in 1896, risking her
life as she provided them with food and nursed the wounded. Her bravery was best displayed
after she was arrested by Spanish authorities, who subjected her to grueling interrogations in
hopes that she would reveal the location of the Katipunan hideout. She refused to give in and
was deported to Guam under the decree of Governor General Ramon Blanco.
Trivia: Tandang Sora was the first Filipina to be featured on the Philippine peso. Her portrait
graced the ₱100 bill from the English series from 1951 to 1966.
Teresa Magbanua (1868-1947)
Known as the Visayan Joan of Arc, Teresa Magbanua was originally a teacher who received a
degree in education from a school in Manila. She married a wealthy businessman who owned
large plots of land, which she helped cultivate. During this time, she developed her skills in
horseback riding and marksmanship.
Upon learning that her brothers joined the uprising against the Spaniards, she persuaded
her uncle, General Perfecto Poblador, to let her join the Katipunan’s women’s chapter in
Panay as an experienced horse rider and marksman. The General agreed, making Magbanua
the first and only woman to lead troops in the Visayas during the revolution. Her patriotic
spirit helped her successfully lead a group of bolo troops during the Battle of Barrio Yoting
and the Battle of Sapong Hills, which were instrumental to the liberation of IloIlo City. Later
on, she joined the guerrilla forces in fighting against the Americans in Jaro, IloIlo. She
continued to fight for the country’s independence until the Japanese occupation, when she
sold all her belongings to help fund the guerilla movement.
Trivia: Magbanua is one of the few who fought for the Philippines against all of the country’s
main aggressors: Spain, the United States, and Japan.
Josefa Llanes Escoda (1898-1945)
Pictured as a smiling face clad in a Filipiniana outfit, Escoda is one of the two women to
appear on the current series of Philippine peso notes. This honor does not go without merit,
as she was a certified social worker, suffragette, civic leader, and war heroine. As the eldest
of seven children, she had to help her mother take care of her siblings after the death of her
father in 1918, all while studying to obtain a high school teacher’s certificate from the
University of the Philippines.
Escoda went to the United States several times to further help with her social work. After
graduating, she trained in social welfare at the New York School of Social Work. During that
stay, she also represented the Philippines in speaking engagements in the International
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House and the Women’s International League for Peace. Her second visit to the U.S., which
was meant for Boy Scout training, she used to train young women teachers from the public
and private sector to become Girl Scout leaders.
When World War II broke out, Escoda’s involvement in aiding prisoners of war and stranded
women and children led to her arrest, torture, and eventual execution at the hands of the
Japanese.
Trivia: As an active member of the suffrage movement of the Philippines, Josefa Llanes
Escoda was quoted as saying that “The modern woman is no longer the wife that clings; she
now helps the husband. The women’s demand for independence is motivated by their desire
to help their husbands in governmental affairs which always required the moderation and
wisdom of women.”
Magdalena Leones (1921-2016)
Having passed away only last year, Cpl. Magdalena Leones remains to be one of the lesser-
known World War II veterans, even though she is the only Asian woman to have been
awarded the Silver Star in World War II by the United States. Born in the mountains of
Kalinga, Leones was the daughter of an evangelical missionary. Since she refused to
surrender after the Fall of Bataan, she was imprisoned for five months. During this time, she
taught herself how to speak Niponggo, a skill she utilized to help save the lives of other
Filipinos captured by the Japanese.
After encountering Colonel Russel Volckman of the United States Armed Forces in the
Philippines-North Luzon (USAFIP-NL), she agreed to serve as a special agent. Using her
church connections and her Niponggo-speaking skills, she was able to carry “important
intelligence data, vital radio parts, and medical supplies” through Japanese-held territory.
Though she knew that capture could result in torture and execution, she powered through
and continued to serve her country, earning her the monicker of “the lioness of Filipino
guerilla agents.”
Trivia: Magdalena Leones was caught several times, but was able to escape each time due to
her wits and sweet talk.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SELF CHECK Direction: Identify the given statement, Chose among
the given choices below.
Gabriela Silang Josefa Llanes Escoda Teresa
Magbanua
Magdalena Leones Tandang Sora
_______________1. Her real name is Melchora Aquino, was fondly called the Mother of
the evolution.
_______________2. One of the lesser-known World War II veterans, even though she is
the only Asian woman to have been awarded the Silver Star in
World War II by the United States.
_______________3. She is one of the two women to appear on the current series of
Philippine peso notes.
_______________4. She is the first and only woman to lead troops in the Visayas
during the revolution
_______________5. The most well-known among all the Filipino heroines, but she is
almost always mentioned in tandem with her husband.
_______________6. She taught herself how to speak Niponggo, a skill she utilized to
help save the lives of other Filipinos captured by the Japanese.
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_______________7. She used to train young women teachers from the public and
private sector to become Girl Scout leaders.
_______________8. Earned her nickname after taking care of Andres Bonifacio and
other Katipuneros in 1896, risking her life as she provided them
with food and nursed the wounded.
_______________9. She rallied fighting forces to carry on the war against Spain in their
home province of Ilocos, launching guerrilla attacks against
Spanish garrisons.
______________10. She continued to fight for the country’s independence until the
Japanese occupation, when she sold all her belongings to help
fund the guerilla movement.
___________________________________________________________________________________
ENRICHMENT
ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: Aside from the given Biography information of the 5
women heroines, Chose prominent Filipino personalities that
gives an impact and contributes to the History of our Country,
then research about them and create a simple and short
biography. Either men or women, with min 2 and max 3
personalities.
______________________________________________________________________________________
SUGGESTD READINGS AND REFERENCES:
[Link]
a1868-20190826-lfrm2
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
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21st-century/
[Link]
MODULE 6
LESSON 2: Institutional History
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Able to locate and connect the institutional history of the following; schools and
corporations.
Develop and formulate output regarding different institutional histories, with the used of
identifying historical text, primary and secondary sources, content and contextual
analysis, and internal and external criticism
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Institutional History
The Institutional History of School
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_________________________________________________________________________________
Institutional History of Corporation
ABS-CBN CORPORATION
Mario Alvaro Limos
ABS-CBN's history left indelible marks in Philippine culture and society.
ABS-CBN is one of the few extant postwar organizations that helped revive and rebuild what
was left of the tattered Philippine economy after World War II. It traces its roots to 1946 when
James Lindenberg founded Bolinao Electronics Corporation or BEC, which became a radio
broadcasting company in 1949.
In 1952, Lindenberg partnered with Antonio Quirino, brother of then President Elpidio
Quirino, to venture into television broadcasting. They changed BEC’s name to Alto
Broadcasting Corporation or ABS, with “Alto” being a contraction of Antonio Quirino's and
his wife, Aleli's, names.
In 1957, Eugenio Lopez Sr., owner of Chronicle Broadcasting Network, acquired ABS and
merged the two companies as ABS-CBN. Through the years, the network has made indelible
marks in Philippine history with the following milestones.
1953
ABS aired a party after setting up a transmitter tower in San Juan and importing 300 TV
sets on October 23. Co-owner Antonio Quirino hosted the party at his home in Sitio Alto, San
Juan. It was the first television broadcast of the company.
1957
Eugenio H. Lopez Sr., owner of Chronicle Broadcasting Network (CBN), acquires ABS on
February 24. He renames the network ABS-CBN.
1961
Eugenio “Geny” Lopez, Jr. (ELJ) links the Visayas to the network with his dream of “Bridges
on the Air.” ABS-CBN aired its initial telecast of DYCB-TV Channel 3 Cebu on June 14.
1966
ABS-CBN brought color to Philippine television after ELJ forged an agreement between Radio
Corporation of America and ABS-CBN to establish the first color TV broadcast in the country.
1967
ABS-CBN became the first network to do comprehensive coverage of the national elections. It
aired the first marathon election coverage on November 14. “Halalan ’67” aired poll results
and updates for 36 hours straight.
1968
For the first time, the network used live satellite transmissions from abroad, giving the
Philippines access to international news and current events as they happened around the
world. Through satellite transmissions, it was able to broadcast the funeral of Robert
Kennedy in June and the U.S. presidential elections.
1969
Thanks to ABS-CBN, Filipinos were able to watch the live transmission of the first Moon
landing straight from the NASA headquarters. It delivered its “Man on the Moon” coverage,
the country’s first live telecast of an event via satellite.
1970
The network wanted to bring more color to television, so it expanded color programming to
eight hours a week. It became the most “colorful” television station in the Philippines. Until
the mid-1970s, it was the only network broadcasting in color.
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1972
ABS-CBN and its affiliate stations were shut down and its owners forcibly ejected by dictator
Ferdinand Marcos after he placed the country under martial law.
1986
On September 16, ABS-CBN resumed broadcasting.
1987
Five months after resuming operations, ABS-CBN quickly became the number one network
in the Philippines after remaining at the bottom of ratings during the forcible takeover of the
network by Marcos’ cronies during martial law.
TV Patrol also aired its first broadcast.
1988
ABS-CBN started its first broadcast through a domestic satellite system, the first in the
Philippines.
1991
The Talent Center is established to develop a stable of new stars for the network.
1992
Regional stations begin producing programs anchored on localized news delivered in the local
language in various regions. The strategy paid off, with ABS-CBN solidifying its viewership in
the provinces.
1994
Eugenio Lopez III was named ABS-CBN president, while Eugenio Lopez Jr. became chairman.
The Filipino Channel (TFC) was launched in April.
1996
In May, ABS-CBN launched the Sarimanok News Network, later renamed ABS-CBN News
Channel (ANC).
1997
Eugenio Lopez III became chairman and CEO of ABS-CBN. The network also put up Bantay
Bata 163, which continues to make significant strides in the fight against child abuse.
1998
ABS-CBN penetrates nearly all Filipino households, reaching 97 percent of the country’s
homes that have television.
1999
The network maintained a 93-percent penetration rate of TV households through a network
of 35 TV stations and 2,000 affiliates. In the same year, the network embarked on
digitalization, which was masterfully spearheaded by then head of digital transformation,
Carlo Katigbak.
2002
In June, the ABS-CBN International division became a wholly-owned subsidiary as ABS-CBN
Global Limited. This made the network the Philippines' leading international broadcasting
company. It helped cement its reputation abroad as among the most visible and respected
stations in the Philippines.
2006
ABS-CBN ended the year with a 42.7 percent audience share nationwide, making it the
leading network in the country.
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2007
ABS-CBN merged its radio and television media when it launched the DZMM TeleRadyo cable
TV channel.
2008
In 2008, Charo Santos-Concio became the company’s fifth president.
In the same year, the network embraced full digitalization and said goodbye to the reel by
going tapeless in its TV production in and out of the studios.
2009
ABS-CBN sent shockwaves around the world when it broke the news about
the Maguindanao Massacre. The world learned about the Maguindanao Massacre
through Boto Mo, I-Patrol Mo, wherein a Boto Patroller first sent a photo from the crime scene
to the network. ANC was the first media organization to report the news.
2010
The network generated an unprecedented profit of P3.2 billion, double the net income it
posted in 2009. In the same year, the network changed its corporate name from ABS-CBN
Broadcasting Corporation to ABS-CBN Corporation. It dropped “Broadcasting” in recognition
of changes in the way it delivered its content.
ABS-CBN also introduced the use of augmented reality in broadcasting during its coverage of
“Halalan 2010,” which was also the first automated elections in the Philippines.
2012
The company launched Jeepney TV on SKY. The channel generated huge interest thanks to
reruns of its programs during the 1990s. In the same year, the company launched online
platforms iWantv and [Link] so people can stream its programs outside of primetime. These
gave viewers unprecedented control on when and where to watch the network’s programs.
ABS-CBN also acquired Destiny Cable through its subsidiary Sky. The acquisition cemented
the network’s hold as the leading cable TV service provider in the Philippines.
2014
In 2014, ABS-CBN received the highest credit rating from Philippine Rating Services Corp.
(PhilRatings) for its proposed P10 billion bond issuance. It also bagged a Gold Stevie
Award for Favorite Company in the Media & Entertainment category, Services Company of
the Year category, and Woman of the Year category (for then president and CEO Charo
Santos-Concio).
Additionally, the Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas (KBP) honored ABS-CBN
chairman Eugenio Lopez III with the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 22nd Golden Dove
Awards.
Capping the year, the company launched the ABS-CBN University, which is a corporate
university that provides practical business knowledge, managerial competencies, and task-
oriented education for its talents and employees.
2015
ABS-CBN became the first Philippine station to air free high-definition broadcasting
through ABS-CBN HD. In December, Katigbak was appointed chief operating officer of ABS-
CBN. A year later, he also became its president.
It was also the year when ABS-CBN launched TV Plus.
2018
It was a breakthrough year for the network's digital efforts.
ABS-CBN News became the only Philippine website recognized among the world’s top 25
publishers on Facebook.
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The network also reached 10 million subscribers on YouTube. It received the YouTube
Diamond Creator Award for being the first YouTube channel in the Philippines to reach 10
million subscribers. By December, its YouTube channel had three billion views.
HR Asia Media also recognized ABS-CBN as one of the "Best Companies to Work for in Asia."
The company also won the international Gold Quill Award for outstanding TV studio
audience experience
Sales of TV Plus boxes reach five million.
2019
The network expands into Hollywood TV production and partnered with Dean Devlin’s
Electric Entertainment in September.
It also broke Philippine film records when Star Cinema’s Hello, Love, Goodbye made history
as highest-grossing Philippine film of all time, raking in P880.6 million worldwide. The next
five highest-grossing films in the Philippines are also produced by ABS-CBN.
Sales of TV Plus reached 8 million.
2020
ABS-CBN is forced to go off the air.
On May 5, 2020, ABS-CBN, the Philippines' largest broadcasting company, shut down. It was
forced to sign off the airwaves after the Duterte government refused to renew its license and
ordered its shutdown amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
Katigak appeared during the telecast of TV Patrol and delivered a powerful and moving
speech announcing the network's shutdown. The president and CEO held back tears as he
expressed his sadness about the shutdown and the uncertainty facing the network's 11,000
employees. He also appealed to the public to express their sentiments and make themselves
heard. "This time around, we are the ones asking for your help," he said.
Carlo Katigbak's Speech on May 5, 2020 Before ABS-CBN's Shutdown
_____________________________________________________________________________________
SELF CHECK
Direction: Read and identify the following statement, write FACT if the statement
is true and write BLUFF if the statement is false.
____________1. When Quirino was weaned from its mother province in 1972, a
municipal resolution change the name of the school into QNAS.
____________2. Mr. Samuel O. Benigno was seated as the first president of the Quirino
State College.
____________3. QSC pursued to become a provicial Agriculture Center, one of the
satellites of the national Agricultural Research Training Development
Institute.
____________4. Ocotber 19, 2012, has already signed the bill converting QSC into QSU.
____________5. Professor Herbert W. Ockerman of Ohio State University donated one
20-footer conatiner van filled with books.
____________6. ABS-CBN News became the only Philippine website recognized among
the world’s top 25 publishers on Facebook, last 2015.
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____________7. ABS-CBN chairman Charito Santos awarded the Lifetime Achievement
Award at the 22nd Golden Dove Awards.
____________8. On May 5, 2020, ABS-CBN, the Philippines' largest broadcasting
company, shut down.
____________9.The next five highest-grossing films in the Philippines are also produced
by ABS-CBN.
____________10. The network also put up Bantay Bata 163, which continues to make
significant strides in the fight against child abuse.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
ENRICHMENT
ACTIVITIES Activity: Based from the given examples of the institutional history
of the school and corporation, research and examine some
institutional history of corporations, religions or sect (or any) in the
Philippines. Applying the primary and secondary sources, content
and contextual anlysis, identifying historical text and adopting the
authors point of view.
NOTE: Choose your own institutional history used the given
example as your basis.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUGGESTD READINGS AND REFERENCES:
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
a00293-20200506-lfrm2
[Link]
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