Stoichiometry
STOICHIOMETRY
“stoichio” = Greek for element
“metre” = measurement
Stoichiometry is about measuring the
amounts of elements and compounds
involved in a reaction.
Refresher!
What is a mole?
A unit of measurement that describes the amount of a compound
Recipe:
•340 g of Flour •2.66 mol C4H8O5
•150 g of sugar •0.31 mol C12H22O11
•4.2 g baking soda •0.0335 mol NaHCO3
•57 g of vanilla •0.062 mol C8H8O3
•227 grams of butter •1.084 mol C9H14O6
•5.7 g salt •0.036 mol NaCl
•2 eggs (~114 g) •0.624 mol C6H12O3N2
•340 g chocolate chips •2.82 mol C4H8O4
Consider the chemical equation:
4NH3 + 5O2 → 6H2O + 4NO
Stoichiometry 4NH3 + 5O2 → 6H2O + 4NO
Recall that Chemical formulas are balanced with coefficients
4 X NH3 = 4 nitrogen + 12 hydrogen
5 X O2 = 10 oxygen
6 X H2O = 12 hydrogen + 6 oxygen
4 X NO = 4 nitrogen + 4 oxygen
Stoichiometry
4NH3 + 5O2 → 6H2O + 4NO
With Stoichiometry we find out that
Coefficients like
4:5:6:4
convey the ratio of substances need for a
reaction to occur, in terms of moles ( mole
ratio)
4:5:6:4
Stoichiometry
4NH3 + 5O2 → 6H2O + 4NO
4:5:6:4
Can mean either:
4 molecules of NH3 react with 5 molecules of O2
to produce 6 molecules of H2O and 4 molecules of NO
OR
4 moles of NH3 react with 5 moles of O2
to produce 6 moles of H2O and 4 moles of NO
What is a mole ratio?
❖A mole ratio is a ratio between the number of moles of any two
substances in a balanced chemical equation.
❖Mole ratios are written as ratios or fractions.
C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O
Check your knowledge!
1 mole Al2(SO4)3 : 2 moles AlCl3
1. MOLE TO MOLE RATIO
Coefficient B
Moles A * = Moles B
Coefficient A
Coefficient Wanted
Moles Given * Coefficient Given = Moles Wanted
TAKE NOTE!
[Link] chemical equation should
be balanced first before
computing the ratio.
[Link] there are no coefficients, then
it is understood that there is
only 1.
Stoichiometry Question (1)
◼ How many moles of H2O are produced if 2.00
moles of O2 are used?
NH3 + O2 → H2O + NO
Note: A correctly balanced equation is essential to
get the right answer
Stoichiometry Question (1)
◼ Howmany moles of H2O are produced if 2.00
moles of O2 are used?
4NH3 + 5O2 → 6H2O + 4NO
Take note of the formula!
Coefficient B
Moles A * = Moles B
Coefficient A
Coefficient Wanted
Moles Given * Coefficient Given = Moles Wanted
Stoichiometry Question (1)
4NH3 + 5O2 → 6H2O + 4NO
◼ Howmany moles of H2O are produced if 2.00
moles of O2 are used?
6 mol H2O
2.00 mol O2 = 2.40 mol H2O
5 mol O2
Stoichiometry Question (2)
4 NH3 + 5 O2 → 6 H2O + 4 NO
How many moles of NO are produced in the
reaction if 15.0 mol of H2O are also produced?
4 mol NO
15.0 mol H2O = 10.0 mol NO
6 mol H2O
YOUR TURN!
H2 + O2 → H2O
1. How many moles of O2 will be
produced from 7 moles of H2O?
2. How many moles of H2O will be
required to make 22.5 moles of H2?
1.1 MOLES TO GRAMS
4 NH3 + 5 O2 → 6 H2O + 4 NO
◼ How many grams of O2 are required to produce
0.3 mol of H2O?
0.3 mol H2O 5 mol O2 32 g O2
= 8 g O2
6 mol H2O 1 mol O2
Coefficient B gpm wanted
Moles Given * * =Grams B
Coefficient A 1 mol wanted
1.1 MOLES TO GRAMS
4 NH3 + 5 O2 → 6 H2O + 4 NO
◼ How many grams of H2O are produced if 2.2 mol
of NH3 are combined with excess oxygen?
2.2 mol NH3 6 mol H2O 18.02 g H2O 59.47
=
4 mol NH3 1 mol H2O g H 2O
YOUR TURN!
CH4 + O2 → CO2+ H2O
1. If 7.34 moles of O2 reacts completely, calculate the
grams of CO2 produced.
2. 14.3 moles of methane (CH4) burns completely, find
the grams of H2O would be produced
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1.2 GRAMS TO MOLES
When N2O5 is heated, it decomposes to:
2N2O5(g) → 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
a. How many moles of N2O5 were used if 210g of NO2 were produced?
2N2O5(g) → 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
? moles 210g Units match
210 g NO2 1m o l N O 2 2 m ol N 2O 5
= 2.28 moles N2O5
4 6 .0 g N O 2 4m ol N O2
1 mol Given Coefficient Wanted
Grams Given * gpm Given * =Moles Wanted
Coefficient Given
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