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Understanding Sets and Their Types

The document provides an introduction to sets, defining them as well-defined groups of objects or symbols called elements. It explains various types of sets, including empty sets, singleton sets, finite and infinite sets, and discusses concepts like subsets, universal sets, and complementary sets. Additionally, it illustrates the use of Venn diagrams for representing sets and their relationships.

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4 views7 pages

Understanding Sets and Their Types

The document provides an introduction to sets, defining them as well-defined groups of objects or symbols called elements. It explains various types of sets, including empty sets, singleton sets, finite and infinite sets, and discusses concepts like subsets, universal sets, and complementary sets. Additionally, it illustrates the use of Venn diagrams for representing sets and their relationships.

Uploaded by

7st9nqpyy4
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as KEY, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Sets

By: Leslie, Dela, Samuel


Introduction to Sets
A set is a well-defined group of objects or symbols. The objects or symbols are called the elements of the set. If an element e belongs to a set S, this
is represented as e S. If e does not belong to set S this is represented as e S. The number on element in a set is denoted as n(A)
For example; {Avengers endgame, Avengers infinity war, Captain america winter soldier… }
i Describe the set. The elements of the set are Marvel movies
ii Add another two elements to the set. Marvels and Guardian of the galaxy
Set Notations

Venn diagrams are the principal way of showing sets diagrammatically. The method consists
primarily of entering the elements of a set into a circle or circles. Some examples of the uses of
Venn diagrams are shown. A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} can be represented as:

Elements which are in more than one set can also be represented using a Venn diagram.P = {3, 6,
9, 12, 15, 18} and Q = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12} can be represented as:
TYPES OF SETS
Empty, null or void sets (ø)-they are sets that contain no elements eg.{x:3<x<4, x is a whole
number}
Singleton sets-they are sets that contain only one element eg.{x:3<x<5, x is a whole number}
Finite set-they contain a finite number of elements eg.{x:3<x<100 x is a whole number}
Infinite set-they contain an infinite number of elements. eg.{x:multiple of 5}
Power set-they are the set of all subsets in a set
Equal set-they are sets that have the same cardinality and all equal elements.
Union set-they contain all values either in one set or the other without duplication.
SUBSETS
A set that contains same or all elements of another set.
If all the elements of one set X are also elements of another set Y, thenX is said to be a
subset of Y.
This is written as X ⊆ Y
If a set A is empty (i.e. it has no elements in it), then this is called the empty set and it is
represented by the symbol ∅. Therefore A = ∅. The empty set is a subset of a
Example
A a set of natural numbers [1,2,3]
B a set of whole numbers [0,1,2,3]
Since every element of A is in B, s A ⊆ B
Universal Sets
Universal set is a set which has all elements of all related sets or simply the
universal set contains all [Link] U=(1,2,4,5,6,7)

OR

It is the set which contains all the possible elements for a problem.
Complementary Sets
Complementary sets are the set of elements that are not in the original set.
OR

The complement of a set A is the set of elements which are in E but not in A.
The complement of A is identified as A prime.
U=(1,2,3,4,5,,6,7,8,9,10)
P(1,4,6,7,8,9)
Q=(2,3,)
P1(2,3,5,10)= P compliment
Q1(1,4,6,7,8,9)= Q compliment

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