WEEK 1
QUARTER 3 LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
WEEK 1
Our Missions for Today:
MELC CODE: S10LT-IIIb-34
• Describe the parts of the reproductive system and their functions.
• Explain the role of hormones involved in the female and male
reproductive systems.
Understand the role of the human
01 reproductive system
02 Describe the parts of the male
reproductive system along with their
functions
3
What is
reproduction? What are the
male parts of
the body for?
Reproduction
What does reproduction mean?
Plants reproduce to make Animals reproduce to make
new plants. baby animals.
Reproduction is
the process by
which new
species/
organism is
produced.
Reproduction
• Reproduction is a biological process in which
living creatures make offspring that are
genetically related.
• Reproduction is one of the most basic
characteristics of all living organisms, as it
ensures the survival of their species and genetic
material between generations.
Types of Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
• It is when a single parent produces children
without the creation and fusing of gametes.
Since the young one obtains all its DNA from a
single parent, they are genetically similar.
Multiplication happens quickly.
Types of Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
• Sexual reproduction in higher plants and animals
is primarily biparental, introduces genetic variety
in the offspring, and plays a role in species
evolution.
Reproduction
Our Amazing Bodies
You have probably been aware of these differences since you were very young. As children
grow into adults, their bodies change. Adult female and male bodies are still different.
Reproduction
Our Amazing Bodies
There are other similarities and differences between the male and female bodies
that you can’t see because they are inside us.
Some things inside are the same in males But some things inside are quite
and females. different.
penis and testicles
lungs
heart
uterus and ovaries
Both males and females have reproductive organs called GENITALS or GENITALIA designed for the
purpose of intercourse and conception.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Functions:
Production of gametes (sex cells)
Egg cell or ovum in female
Sperm cells in males
Copulation – process of mating
Fertilization – union of egg cell and sperm cell forming zygote
Egg/ovum
sperm
The female body makes and stores eggs in the
The male body makes and stores sperm ovaries, which are joined to the uterus by the
in the testicles. fallopian tubes.
Reproduction
Continuing the Human Species
So, the male and female
bodies are different because
they have different jobs to do
when it comes to human
reproduction. If humans
didn’t reproduce, the species
would die out and there
would be no more humans.
What is
reproduction? What are the
male parts of
the body for?
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Functions:
❑ Secretion of the male sex hormones
❑ Production of sperm cells
❑ Transfer of sperm cells to female
MALE’S TIMELINE:
Infancy Late teens
Erections begin Peak sexual urges for boys
Ages 11-14 Throughout life
Secondary sex characteristics If good health is present, there is
appear the sex urge and ability to father
Ages 13-16 children
Sperm produced in adult amounts
(puberty)
Male Anatomy Click on a button for more information
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Scrotum
■ A sac-like pouch located behind
the penis that holds each testes
and helps regulate temperature
for sperm production.
■ It protects the sperms by
keeping the temperature of 2-3o
C lower than the normal body
temperature in order for the
sperm to survive.
■ If the temperature goes up to
40oC the sperms will start to die
and at 420C all sperm will be
dead
Seminiferous Tubules
● Seminiferous tubules contain
○ Sperm forming cells
○ Sertoli cells (supporting cells)
● Interstitial cells in between
tubules secrete testosterone
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Testicles or Testes (Testis)-MALE GONAD
● The two testes are small organs that lie in
the scrotum and produce sperm and the
male hormone testosterone.
● The testes are the male sex gland.
● They are outside the body because the
male sperm that is manufactured in the
testes need cooler-than-body
temperatures for normal growth and
development.
● They are the counterpart of the female
ovary.
● Loss of one does not impair the function
of the other.
● Four to five billion sperm cells are
produced each month.
Sperm Morphology
● Adapted for reaching and
fertilizing the egg
● Head contains DNA and the
acrosome with enzymes for
penetrating the egg
● Midpiece contains
mitochondria to form ATP for
energy
● Tail is flagellum used for
locomotion
Sperms
● The reproductive cells produced by the male's testes which can fertilize
the female's ovum.
● They are tiny, living cells 100 times smaller than a pencil dot. (the
smallest cell in a man's body
● Enough sperm would fit on the head
of a pin to re-populate the earth if
each sperm fertilized an egg.
● It is destroyed by warm body
temperature, acidic environment.
● It can survive in a women’s body for
5-8 days.
● Any sperm not ejaculated are passed
in the urine.
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Epididymis
● It is the structure that forms a mass over
the back and upper part of each testis.
● It is a tube about 20 feet long, which is
tightly coiled and bunched into a length
of just 2 inches
● Its function is to store the sperms for two
to four days after they have been
produced.
● Sperm are stored there for as long as six
weeks while they ripen to maturity.
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Vas Deferens
● two long, thin tubes that
serve as a passageway
that receives sperms
from the epididymis of
each testicles
● The contraction of the
vas deferens along with
the action of the cilia
helps transport the
sperm through the vas
deferens.
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Ejaculatory Duct
● Tube that connects the vas
deferens with the duct of the
seminal vesicle. They pass
through the prostate gland and
open into the urethra.
● These tubes are lined with the
muscles that contract to force
the semen out of the body
during ejaculation.
EJACULATION
● It is the process of releasing of semen by
males.
● At the moment of ejaculation, the walls of the
epididymis contract (squeeze) to create
peristaltic waves that push sperm into the vas
deferens. Nerves also stimulate the seminal
vesicles and the prostate to contract which
forces semen (the mixture of sperm and
secretions) into the urethra. Click here
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Urethra ● A dual-purpose tube that both
semen and urine pass through to
leave the body. Semen and urine
never mix.
● Special muscles or sphincters
surround the urethra.
● During urination, one sphincter will
relax so that the pressure from the
bladder will push urine out from
the body.
● During ejaculation, another
sphincter will relax so that semen
can flow through the urethra to the
outside of the body.
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Cowpers Gland/Bulbourethral Gland
● The bulbourethral glands or
Cowper's glands are two small
pea-sized exocrine glands
located beneath the prostate
gland on both sides of the base
of the penis
● Produces the first fluid that
leaves the urethra in order to
neutralize the acid left from the
urine.
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Seminal Vesicles
■ The seminal vesicles are sac-like pouches that attach to the vas deferens near the base
of the bladder. The seminal vesicles make a sugar-rich fluid (fructose) that provides
sperm with a source of energy and helps with the sperms' ability to move (motility
SEMEN is a combination of fluid that is produced in the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper's gland.
This fluid nourishes and helps sperm move through the urethra. Click here
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Prostate Gland
surround the urethra beneath the bladder. An exocrine gland that secretes an alkaline
fluid that neutralizes the acid found in the male urethra and the female reproductive
tract.
Without the action of the secretions of the prostate gland, many sperm would die and
fertilization of an ovum would be impossible.
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Penis ● The male organ for copulation,
reproduction, and urination.
● The reproductive purpose of the
penis is to deposit semen in the
vagina during sexual intercourse.
● The head of the penis or glans
contains many nerve endings. At
birth the glans is covered by a loosely
fitting skin called the foreskin or
prepuce.
● When the penis is erect it is 5-7
inches long An erection occurs when
the sponge-like chambers in the
penis fill with blood.
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QUARTER 3 LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
MALE REPRODUCTIVE
HORMONES
LESSON 2
Our Missions for Today:
MELC CODE: S10LT-IIIb-34
• Describe the parts of the reproductive system and their functions.
• Explain the role of hormones involved in the female and male
reproductive systems.
Explain the role of hormones involved
01 in male reproductive systems
33
How does the
male
reproductive What are the
system male
functions? hormones
and their
roles?
The entire male reproductive system is dependent
on hormones.
Hormones are your body's chemical messengers.
They travel in your bloodstream to tissues or
organs. They work slowly, over time, and affect
many different processes, including Growth and
development.
Metabolism - how your body gets energy from the
foods you eat. And all the changes in our body
during puberty and reproduction.
The ENDOCRINE SYSTEM is a complex network of glands
and organs. It uses hormones to control and coordinate
your body's metabolism, energy level, reproduction, growth
and development, and response to injury, stress, and
mood.
How does the
male
reproductive What are the
system male
functions? hormones
and their
roles?
HYPOTHALAMUS
● The hypothalamus is an
endocrine gland located in
the area of the brain that
produces hormones that
control the Body
temperature, Heart rate,
Hunger, and Mood.
● It secretes Gonadotropin
Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
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Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
● The gonadotrophin-releasing hormone is
released from the hypothalamus in the brain.
● GnRH causes the pituitary gland in the brain to
make and secrete luteinizing hormone (LH)
and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
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Anterior Pituitary Gland
● The anterior pituitary is the
front lobe of your pituitary
gland, which is a small, pea-
sized gland located at the base
of your brain below your
hypothalamus that secretes
follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH), and luteinizing
hormones (LH).
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FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE
● Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
is a hormone released by the
anterior pituitary gland in the brain.
● In men, FSH causes Sertoli cells to
secrete Androgen Binding Protein
(ABP) and inhibin
● FSH stimulates testicular growth
and helps produce a protein that
plays a vital role in male fertility by
aiding in the creation of normal
sperm cells and maintaining them
until they are ready to be released.
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Sertoli Cells
● Sertoli cells synthesize and secrete
Androgen Binding Protein (ABP) and
inhibin
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Androgen Binding Protein and Inhibin
● Androgen Binding Protein (ABP) binds testosterone and helps maintain
a high concentration of testosterone within the testes which is is
essential for spermatogenesis to occur.
● Inhibin inhibits the synthesis and release of the follicle-stimulating
hormone in the pituitary gland and reduces the hypothalamic
Luteinizing-releasing hormone content through Negative Feedback
Mechanism
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Luteinizing Hormone
● In men, LH causes the interstitial cells in the
testicles to make testosterone, which is important
for producing sperm
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Interstitial Cells/Leydig Cells
● These interstitial cells help in the formation of
sperm, or spermatogenesis, by producing
testosterone.
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Testosterone
● Testosterone is the primary male hormone responsible for
regulating sex differentiation, producing male sex
characteristics, spermatogenesis
● Low testosterone levels can lead to, decreased sex drive,
less energy, weight gain, depression, moodiness, low self-
esteem, less body hair, and thinner bones
● Excess testosterone can lead to more aggressive and
irritable behavior, more acne and oily skin, even worse
sleep apnea (sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly
stops and starts), and an increase in muscle mass.
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Spermatogenesis
● Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm cell
development. Rounded immature sperm cells
undergo successive mitotic and meiotic divisions
(spermatocytogenesis) and a metamorphic change
(spermiogenesis) to produce spermatozoa or
sperm,
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QUARTER 3 LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
LESSON 3
Our Missions for Today:
MELC CODE: S10LT-IIIb-34
• Describe the parts of the reproductive system and their functions.
• Explain the role of hormones involved in the female and male
reproductive systems.
Describe the parts of the female
01 reproductive system along with their
functions
50
What are the
roles of the
female What are the
reproductive female parts
system? of the body
for?
Female Anatomy Click on a button for more information
uterus
uterus
fallopian tube
fallopian tube
fimbriae
fimbriae
riae
fimbriae ovary
ovary
ovary ovary
cervix
cervix
vagina
vagina
Ovary (Ovaries)
● Two solid egg-shaped structures
● They are attached to the uterus by
ligaments. They are the
counterpart of the male testicles.
● Ovaries have two main functions:
○ store and release the ova or female egg
cells. Some of the ova disappear; others are
dormant until each is ripened and released
after puberty.
○ produce female sex hormones ESTROGEN
and PROGESTERONE
Ovum/Ova/Egg Cell
● The female reproductive cell.
● They are the largest cells in
the female body. (about the size of
a grain of sand.)
● The female baby is born with
all the ova she will ever have
(about 200,000 in each ovary).
● About 400-500 ova mature
and are released over a
lifetime
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FIMBRIA/FIMBRIAE
● Finger-like projections on the
ends of the fallopian tubes
closest to the ovaries.
● Each month the fimbriae catch
the egg that one of the ovaries
releases during ovulation.
● Fimbriae then sweep the ovum
(egg) into the fallopian tube
where the egg can be fertilized.
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FALLOPIAN TUBES (oviducts)
● Two tubes attached on either side of the uterus.
● They are about four inches long and 3/16 inch in diameter (the size of a
cooked spaghetti noodle).
● The oviducts carry egg cells toward the uterus and sperm cells toward
the egg cell. Fertilization takes place in the upper third of the oviduct.
Click here
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UTERUS/ WOMB
● A hollow, muscular organ (shaped somewhat like an upside-down pear, about the size of a fist).
● The uterus is lined with endometrium (a blood lining.)
● The uterus has one main function—to protect and nourish a fetus
● The walls of the uterus have the ability to stretch to the size of a small
watermelon.
● After childbirth the uterus shrinks back to the original shape in 6-8 weeks, but it
can take up to nine months for the uterus to fully recover.
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Cervix
● The neck or opening of the uterus.
● A normal healthy cervix is the strongest muscle in the body.
● It dips down about half an inch into the vagina.
● It is normally plugged by mucus. It stays tightly closed during
pregnancy, but thins and opens for the delivery of the baby.
● How big does it need to dilate to for birth?
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VAGINA
it is an empty passageway leading
from the vaginal opening to the
uterus.
Female organ used for:
copulation
passageway for blood and
mucus during menstrual
period
Passageway for baby during
birth
It is only 3-4 inches long, but will
lengthen during arousal.
The vaginal walls are made of
many small folds of membrane
that stretch greatly to
accommodate a baby during birth.
The vaginal wall also secrete a
fluid that helps to make
copulation easier.
Click here
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URETHRA
● The opening to
the bladder that
lets the urine
leave the body.
Click here
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What are the
roles of the
female What are the
reproductive female parts
system? of the body
for?
Female Anatomy Click on a button for more information
uterus
uterus
fallopian tube
fallopian tube
fimbriae
fimbriae
riae
fimbriae ovary
ovary
ovary ovary
cervix
cervix
vagina
vagina
Ovary (Ovaries)
● Two solid egg-shaped structures
● They are attached to the uterus by
ligaments. They are the
counterpart of the male testicles.
● Ovaries have two main functions:
○ store and release the ova or female egg
cells. Some of the ova disappear; others are
dormant until each is ripened and released
after puberty.
○ produce female sex hormones ESTROGEN
and PROGESTERONE
Ovum/Ova/Egg Cell
● The female reproductive cell.
● They are the largest cells in
the female body. (about the size of
a grain of sand.)
● The female baby is born with
all the ova she will ever have
(about 200,000 in each ovary).
● About 400-500 ova mature
and are released over a
lifetime
Click here
Click here
FIMBRIA/FIMBRIAE
● Finger-like projections on the
ends of the fallopian tubes
closest to the ovaries.
● Each month the fimbriae catch
the egg that one of the ovaries
releases during ovulation.
● Fimbriae then sweep the ovum
(egg) into the fallopian tube
where the egg can be fertilized.
Click here
Click here
FALLOPIAN TUBES (oviducts)
● Two tubes attached on either side of the uterus.
● They are about four inches long and 3/16 inch in diameter (the size of a
cooked spaghetti noodle).
● The oviducts carry egg cells toward the uterus and sperm cells toward
the egg cell. Fertilization takes place in the upper third of the oviduct.
Click here
Click here
UTERUS/ WOMB
● A hollow, muscular organ (shaped somewhat like an upside-down pear, about the size of a fist).
● The uterus is lined with endometrium (a blood lining.)
● The uterus has one main function—to protect and nourish a fetus
● The walls of the uterus have the ability to stretch to the size of a small
watermelon.
● After childbirth the uterus shrinks back to the original shape in 6-8 weeks, but it
can take up to nine months for the uterus to fully recover.
Click here
Click here
Cervix
● The neck or opening of the uterus.
● A normal healthy cervix is the strongest muscle in the body.
● It dips down about half an inch into the vagina.
● It is normally plugged by mucus. It stays tightly closed during
pregnancy, but thins and opens for the delivery of the baby.
● How big does it need to dilate to for birth?
Click here
Click here
VAGINA
it is an empty passageway leading
from the vaginal opening to the
uterus.
Female organ used for:
copulation
passageway for blood and
mucus during menstrual
period
Passageway for baby during
birth
It is only 3-4 inches long, but will
lengthen during arousal.
The vaginal walls are made of
many small folds of membrane
that stretch greatly to
accommodate a baby during birth.
The vaginal wall also secrete a
fluid that helps to make
copulation easier.
Click here
Click here
URETHRA
● The opening to
the bladder that
lets the urine
leave the body.
Click here
Click here