Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 1

Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU

Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ (Comparative Iiterature) GKwU GKv‡WwgK welq †hLv‡b `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK fvlvMZ, mvs¯‥…wZK ev
RvwZMZ cUf‚wg †_‡K AvMZ mvwnZ¨ wel‡q Av‡jvPbv ev M‡elYv Kiv nq|
 mvaviYZ wfbœZi fvlvi mvwnZ¨ wb‡q G‡Z Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq; Z‡e GKB fvlvfvlx wfbœ RvwZ‡Mvôxi mvwnZ¨ wb‡qI Av‡jvPbv n‡Z cv‡i|
 GK K_vq, mvwn‡Z¨i †h kvLvq wb‡R‡`i RvZxq mvwn‡Z¨i mv‡_ wek^mvwn‡Z¨i m¤úK© AbymÜvb Kiv nq; Zv n‡jv Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨|
 evsjv‡`‡k Kwe kvgxg †iRvi D‡`¨v‡M 2017 mv‡j Rvnv½xibMi wek^we`¨vj‡q me©cÖ_g Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‥…wZ wefvMwU
cÖwZwôZ nq †hwU e½eÜz Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‥…wZ BÝwUwUD‡Ui AvIZvaxb|
wek¦ mvwnZ¨
Zzjbvg~jK mvwn‡Z¨i m~Pbv
 Rvg©vb RvZxq Kwe M¨v‡U‡K Zzjbvg~jK mvwn‡Z¨i RbK ejv nq| me©cÖ_g nvf©vW© wek^we`¨vj‡q 1903 mv‡j GB wefvMwU Pvjy nq|
 fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ wefvM cÖwZôv K‡ib eyׇ`e emy| wZwb hv`ecyi wek^we`¨vj‡q GB wefvMwU Pvjy K‡ib Ges
1956 †_‡K 1963 mvj ch©šÍ wZwb hv`ecyi wek^we`¨vj‡qi Zzjbvg~jK fvlv I mvwnZ¨ wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK c‡` Kg©iZ wQ‡jb|
 wek^mvwnZ¨ wb‡q cÖ_g e³e¨ †`b cÖg_ †P․ayix, 23 †k RyjvB 1893 mv‡j KjKvZvi e½xq mvwnZ¨ cwil‡` Gj wjDUvW© Ges
†ÿÎcvj PµeZ©xi D‡`¨v‡M|
wU Gm Gwj‡qU
 Rb¥: 26‡k ‡m‡Þ¤^i, 1888 mv‡j ‡m›U jyBm Av‡gwiKvq|
 g„Zz¨: 4Vv Rvbyqvwi, 1965; Bsj¨vÛ|
 Bs‡iwR fvlvi GKRb, Kwe, bvU¨Kvi mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPK Ges Ges wesk kZ‡Ki
Ab¨Zg cÖwZfvkvjx Kwe|
 wZwb Theory of Objective Co-relative Gi Rb¨ weL¨vZ|
 gwnjv Kwe Ezra Pound Zvi Literary Collaborator wQ‡jb|
 Zvi The WasteLand KweZvq Hindu Myth cvIqv hvq|
 1927 mv‡j 39 eQi eq‡m weªwUk bvMwiKZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib|
 1915 mv‡ji w`‡K Zvi KweZv Ôw` jvf ms Ad ‡R Avj‡d«W cÖæd«KÕ Gi gva¨‡g mevi
bRi Kv‡ob|
 Murder in the Cathedral Zuvi weL¨vZ MÖš’|
 Zvui weL¨vZ KweZv:
- w` I‡q÷ j¨vÛ (1922)
- w` n‡jv ‡gb (1925)
- A¨vk I‡q݇W (1930) Ges
- †dvi ‡KvqvU©vm© (1945) Ab¨Zg|
 Zvi bvUK¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg wQj- gvW©vi Bb `¨v K¨v‡_W«vj (1935)|
 AvaywbK mvwn‡Z¨ Af~Zc~e© Ae`v‡bi ¯^xK…wZ ¯^iƒc 1948 mv‡j Zvi weL¨vZ KweZv- "The
Waste Land" Rb¨ wZwb mvwn‡Z¨ ‡bv‡ej cyi¯‥v‡i f~wlZ nb|
 Ò`¨v I‡q÷ j¨vÛÓ KweZvq wZwb "Indian Literature & Philosophy" Gi
Abyc‡Ö ek NwU‡q‡Qb|
 Eliot Gi KweZv 1g evsjv Abyev` K‡ib iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi| iex›`ªbv‡_i Zx_©hvÎv KweZvwU
Eliot Gi Journey of the Magi Gi Abyev`|
 iex›`ªbv‡_i c‡i gvK©mev`x Kwe weòz ‡` Abyev` K‡ib ÒEliot Gi KweZvÓ bv‡g Eliot Gi
KweZv|
2 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
DBwjqvg dKbvi
 Rb¥: 25 AvM÷, 1897 mv‡j|
 GKRb mvwn‡Z¨ ‡bv‡ej cyi¯‥vi weRqx gvwK©b mvwnwZ¨K|
 dKbv‡ii mvwnwZ¨K Rxeb ïiæ nq KweZv wj‡L|
 1921 mv‡j Zvi ‡jLv GKwU bvUK gÂvwqZ nq|
 1924 mv‡j Zvi cÖ_g KweZvi eB cÖKvwkZ nq|
 1925 mv‡j Zvi mv‡_ ‡kiDW A¨vÛvim‡bi mv¶vr nq|
 1926 mv‡j Zvi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm ‡e‡ivq, 1927 mv‡j ‡ei nq wØZxqwU|
 mv‡U©vwim bv‡gi Z…Zxq Dcb¨vmwU 1929 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq|
 1930 I 1940 Gi `k‡Ki ïiæi w`‡K dKbvi wPÎbvU¨‡jLK wn‡m‡e nwjDW
wM‡qwQ‡jb|
dKbv‡ii mvwnZ¨Kg©
 dKbvi ‡gvU 19wU Dcb¨vm I eû ‡QvU Mí ‡j‡Lb| Zvi ‡ek wKQy Kve¨MÖš’I Av‡Q|
 Zvi me‡P‡q weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm¸wj nj `¨ mvDÛ A¨vÛ `¨ wdDwi (1929), A¨vR AvB
‡j WvBs (1930), jvBU Bb AMv÷ (1932), Avemv‡jvg! (1936), Ges w`
Avbf¨vsKyBk&W (1938)|
cyi¯‥vi
 1949 mv‡j wZwb mvwn‡Z¨ ‡bv‡ej cyi¯‥vi AR©b K‡ib|
 1955 mv‡j ÔAv ‡dejÕ bv‡g cÖ_g wek¦hy×Kvjxb d«v‡Ýi Dci ‡jLv Dcb¨vmwUi Rb¨
RvZxq eB cyi¯‥vi Ges cywjrRvi cyi¯‥vi jvf K‡ib|
 g„Zz¨: nvU© A¨vUv‡K 1962 mv‡ji 6 RyjvB wZwb gviv hvb|
GWMvi Gjvb †cv
 Rb¥: Rvbyqvwi 19, 1809 mv‡j|
 g„Zz¨: A‡±vei 7, 1849 mv‡j|
 GKvav‡i wQ‡jb GKRb gvwK©b ‡jLK, Kwe, m¤úv`K Ges mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPK|
 Zvui ‡jLv KweZv, ‡QvU Mí Ges we‡kl K‡i g„Zz¨i mv‡_ m¤^Ühy³ ‡Qv‡UvMí I inm¨
Mí¸‡jvi Rb¨ me‡P‡q ‡ewk cwiwPZ|
 Zv‡K gvwK©b hy³iv‡ó« Ges cy‡iv Av‡gwiKvb mvwn‡Z¨i ‡ivgvw›UwmR‡gi GKRb ‡K›`ªxq
e¨w³Z¡ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
 cÖ_g gvwK©b ‡jLK whwb ïaygvÎ ‡jLvi gva¨‡g RxweKv wbe©vn Ki‡Zb|
wjI Zj‡¯Ívq
 iæk mvwnZ¨ Z_v wek^mvwn‡Z¨i me©Kv‡ji Ab¨Zg Jcb¨vwmK|
 1902 †_‡K 1906 mvj ch©šÍ cÖwZ eQi †bv‡ej mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‥v‡ii Rb¨ g‡bvwbZ
n‡qwQ‡jb|
 cÖej weZ‡K©i Kvi‡Y wZwb GB cyi¯‥vi AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb|
 Zvi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm
1. Iqvi GÛ wcm 2. Avbœv Kv‡iwbbv 3. cybiæÌvb
WweøD we B‡qUm
 Rb¥: 13 Ryb, 1865 mv‡j|
 g„Zz¨: 28 Rvbyqvwi, 1939 mv‡j|
 wek kZ‡Ki mvwnZ¨v½‡Yi GKRb Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AvBwik Kwe, bvU¨Kvi,
Ges cÖfvekvjx e¨w³Z¡|
 wZwb AvBwik I weªwUk Dfq mvwn‡Z¨iB GKRb cÖev` cyiæl|
 Rxe‡bi ‡kl eQi¸‡jv‡Z wZwb `yB ‡gqv‡` AvBwik wm‡bUi wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡ib|
Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 3
 Zvi mvwnZ¨K‡g© ‡KwëK mvwnZ¨, ‡jwW ‡MÖMwi, Ges A¨vwe w_‡qUv‡ii ¯’cwZ
GWIqvW© gvwU©‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖfve we`¨gvb|
 1900 mvj ‡_‡K Zvui KweZv kvixwiK I ev¯Íeag©x n‡q DV‡Z _v‡K |
 1923 mv‡j wZwb mvwn‡Z¨ ‡bv‡ej cyi¯‥vi jvf K‡ib|
 wZwb wQ‡jb ‡Kv‡bv ‡¶‡Î m‡e©v”P m¤§vbcÖvß cÖ_g Avqvij¨vÛxh|
 Zvui GmKj Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ Av‡Q `¨ UvIqvi (1928), Ges `¨ DBwÛs ‡÷qvi
A¨vÛ Av`vi ‡cv‡qgm (1929)|
 'B÷vi mvb‡W' Zvi Ab¨Zg GKwU weL¨vZ KweZv, ‡hwU AvBwik wecø‡ei
NUbv‡K Zyy‡j a‡i|
bvw`b MvwW©gvi
 Rb¥: 20 b‡f¤^i, 1923 mv‡j|
 g„Zz¨: 13 RyjvB, 2014 mv‡j|
 ‡bv‡ejRqx `w¶Y Avwd«Kvb mvwnwZ¨K, ivR‣bwZK Kg©x Ges eY©ev`we‡ivax ‡bÎx wQ‡jb|
 Zvi Amvgvb¨ gvbeZvev`x mvwnZ¨K‡g©i Rb¨ 1991 mv‡j wZwb mvwn‡Z¨ ‡bv‡ej
cyi¯‥vi Ges 1974 mv‡j g¨vb eyKvi cyi¯‥vi jvf K‡ib|
 ‣bwZK welq Ges eY©ev` MwW©gv‡ii iPbvi GKwU eo Ask Ry‡o i‡q‡Q|
 `w¶Y Avwd«Kvq eY©ev`x miKv‡ii kvmbvg‡j Zvi ÔevM©vm© WUviÕ I ÔRyjvBm
wccjÕ Dcb¨vm `yÕwU wbwl× ‡NvlYv Kiv nq|
 wZwb GBWm wel‡q KvR K‡i‡Qb|

j¨v½‡÷vb
 GKRb gvwK©b Kwe, Kjvg †jLK, cÖvewÜK, bvU¨Kvi I Jcb¨vwmK|
 1902 mv‡j gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi wg‡mvwi A½iv‡R¨i Rcwjb bvgK ¯’v‡b Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib|

nvi‡gb †gjwfj
 Rb¥: 1 AvM÷, 1819 mv‡j|
 g„Zz¨: 28 †m‡Þ¤^i, 1891 mv‡j|
 GKRb Av‡gwiKvb Jcb¨vwmK, ‡Qv‡UvMíKvi I Kwe|
 Av‡gwiKvb beRvMiY hy‡Mi mvwnwZ¨K ‡gjwfj UvBwc (1846) I gwe-wWK
(1851) MÖš’ `ywUi Rb¨ me©vwaK cwiwPZ|
 UvBwc wQj Zvi cwj‡bwkqvb Rxe‡bi AwfÁZv¸wji GKwU ‡ivg¨vw›UK weeiY|
 Ab¨w`‡K gwe-wWK wQj GKwU wZwg wkKvi-msµvšÍ Dcb¨vm|
 Zvi kãfvÐvi wQj mg„× I ‡g․wjK|
 Zvi kv¯¿, ‡c․ivwYK Kvwnwb, `k©b, mvwnZ¨ I `„k¨wkí ‡_‡K cÖPyi D×…wZ Zvi
iPbvq cvIqv hvq|
4 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
†hvnvb Dj‡dvMs fb †M¨v‡q‡U
 Rb¥: 28 AvM÷, 1749 mv‡j|
 g„Zz¨: 22 gvP©, 1832 mv‡j|
 GKRb Rvg©vb Kwe, Jcb¨vwmK, bvU¨Kvi, `vk©wbK, weÁvbx, wPÎwkíx,
K~UbxwZwe` I cÖkvmwbK|
 wZwb me©cÖ_g wek^mvwnZ¨ aviYvwU cÖeZ©b K‡ib|
 Zvui mvwnZ¨K‡g©i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q PviwU Dcb¨vm, gnvKve¨ I MxwZKve¨, M`¨ I
M`¨Kve¨, bvUK, ¯§„wZK_v, GKwU AvZ¥Rxebx, mvwnwZ¨K I b›`bZvwË¡K
mgv‡jvPbv Ges Dw™¢`we`¨v, kvixiwe`¨v I is welqK iPbv|
 Zvui AmsL¨ mvwnwZ¨K I ‣eÁvwbK LÐiPbv, 10 mn¯ªvwaK wPwV Ges cÖvq 3
nvRvi wPÎKg© i‡q‡Q|
 Zvu‡K AvaywbK hy‡Mi me©‡kÖô Rvg©vb mvwnwZ¨K we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
 RR© BwjqU Zvui m¤ú‡K© e‡jwQ‡jb ÒRvg©vwbi ‡kÖôZg ¸Yx e¨w³ Ges c„w_exi
me©‡kl mwZ¨Kv‡ii eûkv¯¿ÁÓ|
 ‡Mv‡U GKvav‡i KweZv, bvUK, mvwnZ¨, ag©ZË¡, gvbeZvev` Ges weÁv‡bi
‡¶‡Î Ae`vb ‡i‡L‡Qb|
 Zvi Ab¨vb¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mvwnZ¨K‡g©i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q cÖPyi KweZv, Wilhelm
Meister's Apprenticeship bvgK Bildungsroman Ges The
Sorrows of Young Werther bvgK Dcb¨vm|

cve‡jv †biæ`v
 wiKv‡`©v Gwj‡mi ‡bdZvwj ‡iB‡qm ev‡mvqvj‡Zv (12 RyjvB, 1904 - 23
†m‡Þ¤^i 1973)|
 wZwb Zvi QÙbvg Ges cieZ©xKv‡j AvBbwm× bvg cve‡jv ‡biæ`v bv‡g AwaK
cwiwPZ, GKRb wPjxq Kwe-K~UbxwZK I ivRbxwZwe` wQ‡jb|
 wZwb 1971 mv‡j mvwn‡Z¨ ‡bv‡ej cyi¯‥vi AR©b K‡ib|

Av‡b©÷ †nwgsI‡q
 Rb¥: 21 RyjvB, 1899 mv‡j|
 g„Zz¨: 2 RyjvB, 1961 mv‡j|
 GKRb gvwK©b mvwnwZ¨K I mvsevw`K wQ‡jb|
 Zvi AvBmevM© ZË¡ bv‡g cwiwPZ wb‡g©` I wbiv‡eMx ‡jLbx wesk kZvãxi
K_vmvwn‡Z¨i fvlv‣kjx‡Z e¨vcK cÖfve ‡d‡j; Ab¨w`‡K Zvi ‡ivgvÂwcÖq Rxeb
I fveg~wZ© cieZ©x cÖR‡b¥i Kv‡Q Zv‡K cÖkswmZ K‡i ‡Zv‡j|
 wesk kZvãxi we‡ki `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS ‡_‡K cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS ch©šÍ
mg‡q wZwb Zvi AwaKvsk mvwnZ¨Kg© iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb Ges 1954 mv‡j mvwn‡Z¨
‡bv‡ej cyi¯‥vi jvf K‡iwQ‡jb|
 wZwb mvZwU Dcb¨vm, QqwU ‡QvUMí msKjb Ges `yBwU AKwíZ mvwnZ¨ MÖš’
cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb|
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 5
 Zvi g„Zz¨i c‡i AviI wZbwU Dcb¨vm, PviwU ‡QvUMí msKjb Ges wZbwU
AKwíZ mvwnZ¨ MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj|
 Zvi cÖKvwkZ MÖ‡š’i A‡bK¸‡jvB gvwK©b mvwn‡Z¨i aªæc`x ev wPivqZ MÖš’ wn‡m‡e
we‡ewPZ nq|
 Zvi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm Ô`¨ mvb Aj‡mv ivB‡RmÕ 1926 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq|
 1927 mv‡j n¨vWwji mv‡_ Zvi weevnwe‡”Q` nq|
 hy‡×i AwfÁZv n‡Z wZwb di ûg `¨ ‡ej ‡Uvjm (1940) Dcb¨vm iPbv
K‡ib|
 1940 mv‡j wZwb gv_©v ‡Mjnb©‡K we‡q K‡ib|
 wZwb 1930-Gi `k‡K ‡d¬vwiWvi wK I‡q‡÷ Ges 1940 I 1950-Gi `k‡K
wKDevq ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm K‡ib|
 1959 mv‡j wZwb AvBWv‡nvi ‡KPv‡g GKwU evwo µq K‡ib|
 1961 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS mg‡q wZwb gv_vq ¸wj K‡i AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡ib|
eyׇ`e emy
 Rb¥: 30 b‡f¤^i, 1908 mv‡j|
 g„Zz¨: 18 gvP©, 1974 mv‡j|
 wesk kZvãxi GKRb cÖfvekvjx evOvwj Kwe, cÖvewÜK, bvU¨Kvi,
K_vmvwnwZ¨K, Abyev`K, m¤úv`K I mvwnZ¨-mgv‡jvPK wQ‡jb|
 wesk kZvãxi wek I w·ki `k‡K AvaywbK KweZvi hviv cw_K…r wZwb Zv‡`i
GKRb|
 wZwb evsjv mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPbvi w`Kcvj I KweZv cwÎKvi cÖKvk I m¤úv`bvi
Rb¨ wZwb we‡klfv‡e mgv`„Z|
 wZwb cÖMwZ I K‡jøvj bv‡g `y'wU cwÎKvq ‡jLv‡jwL‡Z hy³ wQ‡jb|
 iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii RxeÏkv‡Z iex›`ªbv‡_i cÖfv‡ei evB‡i G‡m hviv ‡jLv‡jwL
K‡i‡Qb wZwb Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg|
 Bs‡iwR fvlvq KweZv, Mí, cÖeÜvw` iPbv K‡i wZwb Bsj¨vÛ I Av‡gwiKvqI
cÖksmv AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb|
d«vbrm KvdKvi
 Rb¥: 3 RyjvB, 1883 mv‡j|
 g„Zz¨: 3 Ryb, 1924 mv‡j|
 GKRb Rvg©vb fvlvi Dcb¨vm I ‡QvUMí ‡jLK whwb wesk kZvãxi Ab¨Zg
cÖfvekvjx ‡jLK wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ|
 Zvui AwaKvsk KvR¸‡jv ‡hgb- "wW ‡difvÛjy½"(iƒcvšÍi), "‡Wi ‡cÖv‡RÝ"
(c_vbymiY), "Wvm ‡¯‥vjm" (`yM©) BZ¨vw`i welqe¯‘ Ges Av`wk©K AwfgyL
AvaywbK g~jZ wew”QbœZv‡eva, gvby‡li Ici ¶gZvai gvby‡li kvixwiK Ges
gvbwmK wbôyiZv, AwffveK-mšÍvb m¤ú‡K© msNl©, AvZ¼RbK D‡Ïk¨ PwiZv‡_©
e¨¯Í Ggb PwiÎ, gvbeRxe‡b AvgjvZvwš¿K n¯Í‡¶c Ges inm¨gq iƒcvšÍi - Gme
d«vbrm welq‡K ‡K›`ª K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q|
 KvdKv Aw¯ÍZ¡ev` ZË¡‡K we‡klfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡iwQ‡jb|
 KvdKv Dfq fvlvq cvi`k©x n‡jI Rvg©vb fvlv‡K wb‡Ri gvZ…fvlv ‡g‡b
wb‡qwQ‡jb|
6 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU

`v‡šÍ
 `yiv‡šÍ ‡`Bwj AvwjwM‡qwi ev `v‡šÍ (Dante) (1265 - 1321) wQ‡jb GK
weL¨vZ BZvjxq Kwe|
 `v‡šÍi Rb¥ BZvwji ‡d¬v‡i‡Ý|
 Zvi cwievi ‡Zgb GKUv weËkvjx bv n‡jI AwfRvZ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ wQj|
 iæ‡b‡Ëv jvwUwb Gi Kv‡Q wZwb K¬¨vwmK¨vj wjev‡ij AvU©m Gi Ávb jvf K‡ib|

RR© evb©vWk
 Rb¥: 26 RyjvB, 1856 mv‡j|
 g„Zz¨: 2 b‡f¤^i, 1950 mv‡j|
 GKRb AvBwik bvU¨Kvi, mgv‡jvPK, wemsev`x Ges ivR‣bwZK Kg©x| 1880-
Gi `kK ‡_‡K ïiæ K‡i Zvi g„Zz¨i ciI cwðgv gÂbvUK, ms¯‥…wZ I
ivRbxwZ‡Z Zvi cÖfve we¯Í…Z|
 wZwb g¨vb A¨vÛ mycvig¨vb (1902), wcMg¨vwjqb (1912) I ‡m›U ‡Rvb
(1923)-mn lv‡Ui AwaK bvUK iPbv K‡i‡Qb|
 mgmvgwqK e¨½iPbv ‡_‡K ïiæ K‡i HwZnvwmK iƒcK Kvwnwb w`‡q wZwb Zvi
cÖR‡b¥i Ab¨Zg bvU¨Kvi wn‡m‡e cÖwmw× AR©b K‡ib Ges 1925 mv‡j mvwn‡Z¨
‡bv‡ej cyi¯‥vi jvf K‡ib|
 wZwb jÛb ¯‥yj Ae B‡Kvbwg‡·i mn-cÖwZôvZv wQ‡jb|
 hw`I Zvi jvfRbK ‡jLv‡jwLi ïiæ m½xZ mvsevw`KZv I mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPbvi
gva¨‡g|
 1950 mv‡ji 2 b‡f¤^i Bsj¨v‡Ûi nvU©‡dvW©kvqv‡i g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|
†eª‡U©vë †eªL&U&
 Rb¥: 10 ‡deªæqvwi, 1898 mv‡j|
 g„Zz¨: 14 AvM÷, 1956 mv‡j|
 wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb Rvg©vb bvU¨Kg©x, bvU¨Kvi I Kwe|
 fvBgvi cÖRvZ‡š¿i hy‡M wZwb wgDwb‡L bvU¨Kvi wn‡m‡e cÖ_g mvdj¨ AR©b K‡ib
Ges 1924 mv‡j evwj©‡b P‡j hvb| ‡mLv‡b wZwb KvU© fvB‡ji m‡½ `¨ w_ª‡cwb
A‡civ ‡j‡Lb Ges myiKvi n¨vÝ AvBmjv‡ii m‡½ AvRxeb mn‡hvM ïiæ K‡ib|
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 Zvi wKQy Mvb, ‡hgb "Blowin' in the Wind" and "The Times They
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 Who is the author of the drama, “You never can tell‟‟?George Bernard Shaw
 The year 1798 is famous for  Publication of lyrical ballads
 The Romantic Age began with the publication ofCanonization
 ÔThe Rime of the Ancient Mariner‟ is aPoem
 Essays of Elia was written byCharles Lamb
 Charles Lamb wasAn essayist
 The Victorian Age is named afterQueen Victoria
 “Vanity Fair” isNovel
 „Sherlock Homes‟ was written bySir Arthur Conan Doyle
 Tennyson wroteMy Last Dutchess
 Who did write first English Dictonary? Samuel Johnson
 Bs‡iwR fvlvq cÖ_g Awfavb †K iPbv K‡ib? Samuel Johnson
 A lexicographer is a person who writersDictionaries
 Gulliver‟s Travels cy¯ÍKwUi iPwqZv †K? Jonathan Swift
 Famous Satirist of English language isSwift
 Who is the author of Gulliver‟s Travel? Jonathan Swift
 Who was the famous mock-heroic poet in English literature? Alexander Pope
 Most Important feature of a romantic poetry isSubjectivity
8 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
 Romanticism is mainly connected withLove and beauty
 Lucy m¤ú‡K© KweZv †K iPbv K‡ib? William Wordsworth
 Who is considered to the Rebel Poet in English Literature? Lord Byron
 Who is the author of Heaven and Earth? Lord Byron
 Who is the writer of Justice? Henry wordsworh Longfellow
 Who was both a poet and painter? Blake
 William Hazlitt ‡K wQ‡jb? Essayist
 Patriotism KweZvwUi iPwqZv †K? Sir Walter Scott
 Leo Tolstoy is a ---------- novelist. Russian
 Who wrote war and peace? Leo Tolstoy
 Famous novel war and peace is written byLeo Tolstoy
 Sherlock Holmes detective stories were written bySir Arthar Canan Doyle
 RR© Bwjq‡Ui cÖK…Z bvg wK wQj? Mary Anne Evans
 Who is the father of Modern English Literature? Shakespeare
 Earnest Hemingway is the author ofThe old man and the sea
 W.B. Yeats isNone of these
 Famous Irish Poet and dramatist isW.B. Yeats
 The author of the book Asian Drama isGunnar Myrdal
 What is the full name of „O Henry? William Sydney Porter
 William Wrodsworth is preminentlya poet of nature
 Helen of Troy was the wife ofMenelaus
 Waiting for Godot isan absurd drama
 Lyrical Ballads was Published in the year1798
 What was the first novel of Virginia wolf? The voyage out
 The author of Road of Freedom isBertrand Russel
 The first English novel, Pamela, has been written bySamuel Richardson
 Brick Lane is written byHarold Pinter
 The Return of the Native is written byThomas Hardy
 The rape of Bangladesh MÖ‡š’i †jLK †K? Anthony Mascarenhas
 Dr. Zivago eB‡qi †jL‡Ki bvg †KvbwU? Boris Pasternak
 The God of small Things is written byArundhuti Roy
 Bertrand Russel was a BritishPhilosopher
 The Captive Lady Kve¨MÖ‡š’i iPwqZvgvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë
 Who wrote the short story `The Gift of the Magi‟? O‟ Henry
 A Brief History of Time eBwUi ‡jLKw÷‡db nwKs
 In Which year Winston Churchill got the Novel Prize literature? 1953
 England expect every man to do his duty----Who told it? Nelson
 Who wrote The Birthday party? Harold Printer
 Nissim Ezekied is a farmous poet ofIndia
 One of the following plays in not a tragedyTempest
 Who is called the poet of poets? Edmund Spenser
 Who wrote The Spanish Tragedy? Thomas Kyd
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 9
 Which one of the following is the first long poem in English? Beowulf
 What is an epic? . A Long poem
 Who worte „The Audacity of Hope‟? Barak obama
 Dreams From My Father eBwUi †jLK †K? evivK Ievgv
 mv‡eK gvwK©b †cÖwm‡W›U wej wK¬bU‡bi AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK eBwUi bvggvB jvBd
 wjwfs wnw÷ªs GB MÖš’wU iPwqZv †K? wnjvwi iWn¨vg wK¬bUb
 hy³iv‡óªi †Kvb mv‡eK ciivóªgš¿x white House years iPbv K‡ib? †nbwi wKwmÄvi
 The Asian Drama-MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv †K? ¸bvi wgiWvj
 WUvi Ae `¨ B÷ eBwUi †jLK †ebwRi fz‡Æv
 AiæÜZx ivq †Kvb Dcb¨v‡mi Rb¨ eyKvi cyi¯‥vi cvb? God of small Things
 w` BwÛqvb gymwjgm MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv †K? Gwc‡R Avãyj Kvjvg
 In the line of Fire eBwUi ‡jLK †K? †Rbv‡ij cvi‡fR †gvkvid
 Wins of Fire eBwUi ‡jLK †K? Gwc‡R Avãyj Kvjvg
 Discovery of India eBwUi ‡jLK †K? RInijvj †b‡niæ
 India Wins Freedom eBwUi ‡jLK †K? Abul Kalam Azad
 The white Tiger-Gi †jLK? Aiwe›` Avw`MvI
 BwÛqvR G·‡cvU© †UªÛm A¨vÛ cÖm‡c±m di †mjd mvm‡UBÛ †MÖv_¤^ MÖ‡š’i †jLKgb‡gvnb wms
 wfGm bvBcj †Kvb eBwUi iPwqZv? The Enigma of Arrival
 `¨ wfw †KvW© Dcb¨v‡mi iPwqZvWb eªvDb
 cÖvBW A¨vÛ †cÖRywWm Dcb¨vmwUi †jLK †K? †Rb A‡÷b
 Gulliver‟s Travels Gi iPwqZv †K? Johnathan Swift
 The Wealth of Nations MÖ‡š’i †jLK †K? Adam Smith
 GWvg w¯§‡_i weL¨vZ MÖš’ The Wealth of Nations KZ mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq? 1776
 Not One More Mother‟s Child eBwUi †jLK †K? wkwÛ wknvb
 William sommerset Mugham iwPZ cy¯ÍK †KvbwU?  Of human Bondage
 w` K¬¨vm Ae wmwfjvB‡Rkb eB‡qi †jLK †K? m¨vgy‡qj nvw›UsUb
 The Clash of Civilization aviYvi cÖe³v †K? m¨vgy‡qj nvw›UsUb
 w` †ivW Uz g°v eB‡qi †jLK †K? gynv¤§` Avmv`
 ‡Kvb wecø‡ei cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z A Tale of Two Cities iwPZ nq? divwm wecøe
 n¨vwi cUvi Kx? . mv¤úªwZKKv‡j mev©waK wewµZ GKwU wkï‡Zvl eB
 UvBg †gwkb MÖš’wUi †jLK †K? GBP wR I‡qjm
 weL¨vZ MÖš’ gmbex kixd Gi iPwqZvAvjøvgv Rvjvj DÏxb iægx (iv)
 wRbœvn BwÛqv-cvwU©kb-¯^vaxbZv bv‡g wj‡L‡QbhkešÍ wms
 Suicide (1897) eBwU wj‡L‡QDavid Emile Durkheim
 The Asian Drama-MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv †K? ¸bvi wgiWvj
 Epies are divided into------------ types. two
 The epic Odyssey was written byHomer
 ‡Kvb mvwnwZ¨K wnUjv‡ii c¨viv wgwjUvwi evwnbx‡Z KvR Kivi ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb? ¸›UviMÖvm
 Ô‡cv‡qwUKmÕ Kx? Kve¨MÖš’
10 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
gyw³hy× I evsjv‡`k
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evsjv‡`k| G ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k‡K `xN© msMÖv‡gi c_ cvwo w`‡Z n‡q‡Q| g~jZ 1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb bvgK iv‡óªi
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wbh©vZb Avi eÂbvi BwZnvm| Z‡e evOvwjiv G AZ¨vPvi, wbh©vZb‡K gyL ey‡R mn¨ K‡iwb| Gfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv
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gymjgvb‡`i ¯^v_© msiÿ‡Y e¨_© nq| d‡j 1906 mv‡j gymjgvb‡`i ¯^v_© msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU c„_K ivR‣bwZK `j wn‡m‡e
Ôgymwjg jxMÕ- Gi AvZ¥cÖKvk N‡U| Ks‡MÖm kvwmZ fvi‡Z cÖv‡`wkK miKvimg~n mvZwU cÖ‡`‡ki AvBb-Av`vjZ I wkÿv
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Pvjy K‡i| d‡j Dcgnv‡`‡k wn›`y-gymwjg mv¤úª`vwqK `v½v ïiæ nq| wn›`y-gymwjg RbM‡Yi mv¤úª`vwqK `v½vi †cÖÿvc‡U 1940
mv‡j cvÄv‡ei ivRavbx jv‡nv‡i gymwjg jx‡Mi Awa‡ekb AbywôZ nq| G Awa‡ek‡b †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn ÔwØRvwZ ZË¡Õ DÌvcb
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w`wjø‡Z AvMgb K‡i fviZxq ‡bZ…e„‡›`i mv‡_ `xN© Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi ci 3 Ryb, 1947 GKwU cwiKíbv K‡ib †h, ÔfviZ wefvM
Qvov fvi‡Z kvwšÍ cÖwZôvi weKí c_ †bBÕ| GwU 3 Ryb cwiKíbv ev ÔgvD›Ue¨v‡Ub cwiKíbvÕ bv‡g L¨vZ| gvD›Ue¨v‡Ub
cwiKíbvq fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb bv‡g `ywU c„_K ivóª MV‡bi cÖ¯Íve Kiv nq|
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cÖ_g Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij wn‡m‡e AwawôZ nb †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn| Avi fvi‡Zi cÖ_g Mfb©i n‡jb jW© gvD›Ue¨v‡Ub|
1949, AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Rb¥
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†mvnivIqv`©x 1949 mv‡j fviZ n‡Z ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm Kivi Rb¨ cvwK¯Ív‡b P‡j Av‡mb| wKš‘ ZrKvjxb ÿgZvkxj LvRv
bvwRgDÏxb, AvKivg Lvu, b~iæj Avgxb MÖæ‡ci lohš¿ †mvnivIqv`©x mg_©K gymwjg jx‡Mi `jxq †bZvKg©x we‡klfv‡e hye I
QvÎmgvR ivRbxwZ‡Z †KvYVvmv n‡q c‡o| kwn` †mvnivIqv`©xi MYcwil` m`m¨ c` evwZj K‡i c~e© evsjv †_‡K weZvo‡bi †Póv
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 1949 mv‡ji 24 Ryb AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖ_g Abyôvb XvKvi Avigvwb‡Uvjv gq`v‡b AbywôZ nq|
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 1955 mv‡j AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi evwl©K m‡¤§jb 21, 22, 23 A‡±vei m`iNv‡Ui iƒcgnj wm‡bgv n‡j AbywôZ nq| 22
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msKjb cyw¯ÍKv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
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 2 gvP©, wØZxqevi XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi Ôivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil`Õ MwVZ nq| AvnŸvqK wQ‡jb
kvgmyj Avjg| G msMV‡bi mv‡_ LvRv bvwRgyÏx‡bi 8 `dv Pzw³ ¯^vÿwiZ nq|
 11 gvP©, mgMÖ evsjv‡`‡k ag©NU cvjb Kiv nq| Gi †cÖwÿ‡Z ZrKvjxb gymwjg jxM miKvi
msMÖvg cwil‡`i kvgmyj Avjg, †kL gywRe I Awj Avnv`mn 69 Rb‡K †MÖßvi Kiv nq| Gi
1948 cÖwZev‡` 13 I 15 gvP© Avevi ag©NU cvwjZ nq|
 21 gvP©, †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi Rbmfvq D`y©‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv
e‡j †NvlYv K‡ib|
 24 gvP©, KvR©b n‡j mgveZ©b Abyôv‡b †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn cybivq GB †NvlvYv w`‡j Dcw¯’Z
QvÎMY †ÿv‡f †d‡U c‡ob|
 18 b‡f¤^i, cÖavbgš¿x wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb XvKvq G‡m e³…ZvKv‡j Avevi D`y©‡K ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e
†NvlYv †`b|
 9 gvP©, Aviwe ni‡d evsjv †jLvi loh‡š¿i cÖ‡Póv wn‡m‡e evsjv fvlv ms¯‥v‡ii bv‡g Ôc~e© evsjv
1949 I 1950 fvlv KwgwUÕ MVb Kiv nq| mfvcwZ gvIjvbv AvKivg Lvu|
 11 gvP©, ÔXvKv wek^we`¨vjq ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil`Õ MwVZ nq| AvnŸvqK Avãyj gwZb|
 27 Rvbyqvwi, bZzb cÖavbgš¿x LvRv bvwRgyÏxb KZ©„K cëb gq`v‡b cybivq ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e D`y©i
K_v †NvlYv Kiv nq|
 31 Rvbyqvwi, KvRx †Mvjvg gvneye‡K AvnŸvqK K‡i Ôme©`jxq ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil`Õ MwVZ nq|
 20 †deªæqvwi, AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi †K›`ªxq Kvh©vj‡q Aveyj nvwk‡gi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ me©`jxq
ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil‡`i •eV‡K 144 aviv Agvb¨ Kivi wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv nq|
1952  21 †deªæqvwi (8 dvêyb), XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi AvgZjvq MvRxDj n‡Ki mfvcwZ‡Z¡
Qv·bZvMY 144 aviv f½ K‡i wgwQj †ei K‡i| wgwQ‡j cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z †gvU 8 Rb kwn`
nb|
 22 †deªæqvwi, nZ¨vKv‡Ði cÖwZev‡` MYwe‡ÿvf ïiæ nq| cybivq cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z kwdDi
ingvbmn AviI K‡qKRb kwn` nb|
 23 †deªæqvwi, kwn` wgbvi wbg©vY Kiv nq| kwn` wgbviwU D‡Øvab K‡ib kwn` kwdD‡ii wcZv
12 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
KvRx gvneyeyi ingvb 24 †deªæqvwi Ges H w`‡bB cywjk G kwn` wgbviwU †f‡½ †`q|
 21 †deªæqvwi‡K Ôkwn` w`emÕ wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv nq|
1953 I 1954  7 †g, cvwK¯Ív‡bi MYcwil` KZ…©K evsjv‡K Ab¨Zg ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
 16 †deªæqvwi, RvZxq cwil` KZ…©K D`y©i cvkvcvwk evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
1956  29 †deªæqvwi, mvsweavwbKfv‡e D`y©i cvkvcvwk evsjv ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e gh©v`v jvf K‡i
(msweav‡bi 214 bs Aby‡”Q`)|
 kwn`‡`i ZvwjKv-
bvg cwiwPwZ
Aveyj eiKZ (WvKbvg-AvevB) XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ (ivóªweÁvb wefvM)|
Ave`yj ReŸvi gqgbwms‡ni `wi`ª K…lK cwiev‡ii mšÍvb|
iwdKDwÏb Avng‡` gvwbKMÄ †`‡e›`ª K‡j‡Ri QvÎ, XvKvi ev`vgZjx Kgvwk©qvj †cÖ‡mi gvwj‡Ki cyÎ|
Ave`ym mvjvg ïé wefv‡Mi wcqb|
AwnDjøvn wkï kÖwgK|
Ave`yj AvDqvj evjK (A‡b‡Ki g‡Z wiKkvPvjK)|
AÁvZ evjK (AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z AvLZviæ¾vgvb ev Ave`yj iwng)|
nvB‡Kv‡U©i Kg©Pvix (Ôü`‡q Avgvi †deªæqvwi; WvKmy msMÖnkvjvi g‡Z wZwb XvKv
kwdDi ingvb
wek^we`¨vj‡qi AvBb K¬v‡mi cÖvB‡fU QvÎ Ges nvB‡Kv‡U©i Kg©Pvix wQ‡jb)|
 fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi (21 †deªæqvwi, 1952) mgq cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij I cÖavbgš¿x wQ‡jb- gvwjK †Mvjvg ‡gvnv¤§` I LvRv
bvwRgDÏxb|
 c~e© evsjvi gyL¨gš¿x wQ‡jb- byiæj Avwgb|
 fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi gyLcvÎ- mvßvwnK •mwbK, m¤úv`K- kv‡n` Avjx|
 1949 †_‡K 1951 mvj ch©šÍ 11 gvP©‡K fvlv w`em wn‡m‡e cvjb Kiv n‡Zv|
 GKz‡ki Rv`yNi Aew¯’Z- evsjv GKv‡Wwgi ea©gvb nvD‡Ri wØZxq Zjvq|
 AvšÍR©vwZK gvZ…fvlv Bbw÷wUDU Aew¯’Z- †m¸bevwMPvq (2010)|
 fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi f‚wgKv:
 1948 mv‡ji 11 gvP© fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ wZwb †MvcvjMÄ †_‡K 10 gvP© XvKvq Av‡mb| c‡ii w`b A_©vr 11
gvP© 144 aviv f½ Kivi Awf‡hv‡M wZwb †MÖßvi nb|
 KvivMvi †_‡K Av‡›`vjbiZ †bZ…e„‡›`i m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM iÿv K‡i Pj‡Zb Ges wewfbœ civgk© cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ wPiKzU cvVv‡Zb|
 16 †deªæqvwi, 1952 †_‡K GK Uvbv 12 w`b e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb Ges gwnDÏxb Avn‡g` evsjv fvlv‡K ivóªf vlv
Kivi `vwe‡Z AvgiY Abkb cvjb K‡ib| miKvi Zvu‡K wbtkZ© gyw³ w`‡Z eva¨ nq|
1954, hy³d«›U mvaviY wbe©vPb
 1954 mv‡ji hy³d«›U MVb I wbe©vPb wQj evsjvi ivR‣bwZK BwZnv‡mi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Aa¨vq| g~jZ G wbe©vPb wQj cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb
kvmK I Zvi †`vmi‡`i †kvl‡Yi weiæ‡× GK Ôe¨vjU wecøeÕ| wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq 8 gvP© †_‡K 12 gvP© ch©šÍ Ges djvdj †NvwlZ
nq 2 GwcÖj, 1954|
 G wbe©vP‡b gymwjg jxM‡K civwRZ Kivi Rb¨ 4 wW‡m¤^i, 1953 PviwU we‡ivax ivR‣bwZK `‡ji mgš^‡q Ôhy³d«›UÕ bv‡g GKwU
wbe©vPbx †RvU MwVZ nq| `j PviwU n‡jv- 1. gvIjvbv fvmvbxi †bZ…Z¡vaxb AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM, 2. †k‡i evsjv G . †K. dRjyj
n‡Ki K…lK-kÖwgK -cvwU©, 3. gvIjvbv AvZvnvi Avjxi †bRv‡g -B- Bmjvg cvwU© Ges 4. nvRx †gvnv¤§` `v‡b‡ki evgcš’x MYZš¿x
`j|
 wbe©vP‡b hy³d«‡›Ui cÖZxK wQj Ô‡b․KvÕ Ges gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖZxK wQj Ônvwi‡KbÕ|
 gnvb GKz‡k †deªæqvwii ¯§„wZ‡K wPi A¤øvb K‡i ivLvi Rb¨B hy³d«‡›Ui wbe©vPbx Kg©m~wP 21wU `dvq web¨¯Í Kiv nq| 21
`dvi cÖ_g `vwe wQj- evsjv‡K Ab¨Zg ivóªfvlv Kiv n‡e| 21 `dv iPbvq we‡kl f‚wgKv iv‡Lb Aveyj gbmyi Avng`|
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 13
 wbe©vP‡b kZKiv 37.19 fvM †fvUvi †fvU †`q|
 wbe©vP‡bi djvdj :
Avm‡bi cÖK…wZ I msL¨v ivR‣bwZK `j ev ‡Rv‡Ui bvg cÖvß Avmb
hy³d«›U 223
gymwjg jxM 9
gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ msiwÿZ Avmb 237
¯^Zš¿ 4
‡Ljvd‡Z ieŸvbx 1
hy³d«›U 13
Zdwmwj †dWv‡ikb 27
Ks‡MÖm 24
Agymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ msiwÿZ Avmb 72wU wLª÷vb 1
‡e․× 2
KwgwDwb÷ cvwU© 4
¯^Zš¿ 1
me©‡gvU Avmb (237 + 72) 309
 Z‡e wbe©vP‡bi ci PÆMÖv‡gi GKRb ¯^Zš¿ m`m¨ gymwjg jx‡M †hvM`vb K‡ib| d‡j gymwjg jxM `jxq m`m¨ msL¨v nq 10
(`k) Rb|
[Z_¨m~Î: †c․ibxwZ I mykvmb (wØZxq cÎ) GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY, cÖ‡dmi ‡gvt †gvRv‡¤§j nK]
hy³d«‡›Ui cÖvß 223wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ `jIqvix cÖvß Avmb
`‡ji bvg Avmb msL¨v
gymwjg jxM 143
K…lK kÖwgK cvwU© 48
‡bRv‡g Bmjvg 19
MYZš¿x cvwU© 13
[Z_¨m~Î: †c․ibxwZ I mykvmb (wØZxq cÎ) GKv`k -Øv`k †kÖwY, cÖ‡dmi †gvt †gvRv‡¤§j nK]
 wbe©vP‡bi †gvU Avmb wQj 309wU (237 + 72)| hy³d«›U gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ msiwÿZ 237wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 223wU Ges
Agymwjg‡`i Rb¨ msiwÿZ 72wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 13wU mn †gvU 236wU Avmb †c‡q wbi¼zk msL¨vMwiôZv AR©b K‡i|
ÿgZvmxb gymwjg jxM gvÎ 9wU Avmb jvf K‡i|
 3 GwcÖj, 1954 hy³d«‡›Ui cÖavb †k‡i evsjv G. †K. dRjyj nK Pvi m`m¨ wewkó cÖv‡`wkK gwš¿mfv MVb K‡ib - (1)
†k‡i evsjv G. †K. dRjyj nK (gyL¨gš¿x, A_©, ¯^ivóª I ivR¯^), (2) Avey †nv‡mb miKvi (wePvi, ¯^v¯’¨ I ¯’vbxq miKvi),
(3) Avkivd DwÏb Avng` †P․ayix (‡emvgwiK mieivn I †hvMv‡hvM) Ges (4) •mq` AvwRRyj nK (wkÿv, evwYR¨, kÖg I
wkí)| cieZ©x‡Z 15 †g, 1954 gwš¿mfv m¤úªmvwiZ K‡i 14 m`m¨ wewkó Kiv nq| bZzb gwš¿mfvq e½eÜz †kL gywReyi
ingvb K…wl, FY, mgevq I cwjø Dbœqb gš¿Yvj‡qi `vwqZ¡ cvb| e½eÜz wbe©vP‡b gymwjg jxM cÖv_©x †kL Iqvwn`y¾vgvb‡K 10
nvRvi †fv‡U civwRZ K‡ib|
 30 †g, 1954 gvÎ 56 w`‡bi gv_vq †K›`ªxq KvivMv‡ii mvg‡b Kviv KZ…©cÿ I ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi i³ÿqx msNl© Ges Av`gRx RyU
wg‡j evOvwj I wenvix kÖwgK‡`i g‡a¨ msN‡l©i ARynv‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi †K›`ªxq miKvi hy³d«›U gwš¿mfv evwZj K‡i Ges †k‡i evsjv
G. †K. dRjyj nK‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i wn‡m‡e wbhy³ K‡i|
 hy³d«›U wbe©vP‡bi mgq c~e©evsjvi gyL¨gš¿x wQ‡jb byiæj Avwgb Ges cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖavbgš¿x wQ‡jb †gvnv¤§` Avjx|
1956, cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g kvmbZš¿
cvwK¯Ívb ivóª m„wó nIqvi ci †_‡KB wewfbœ ch©vq †_‡K `ªæZ msweavb iPbvi `vwe I‡V| c~e© evsjv †_‡K G `vwe wQj AviI †Rviv‡jv|
wKš‘ cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôxi Abxnvi Kvi‡Y msweavb iPbvi KvRwU m¤¢e nqwb| Ae‡k‡l 9 Rvbyqvwi, 1956 ZrKvjxb AvBbgš¿x
[Link]. P›`ªwMo KZ…©K MYcwil‡` ÕcvwK¯Ívb kvmbZš¿ wejÕ DÌvcb, 29 †deªæqvwi, 1956 cvm Ges 23 gvP©, 1956 cvwK¯Ív‡bi
cÖ_g msweavb Kvh©Ki nq|
 cvwK¯Ív‡bi bvg nq ÔcvwK¯Ívb Bmjvgx cÖRvZš¿Õ|
 c~e© evsjvi bvg nq Ôc~e© cvwK¯ÍvbÕ (1955 mv‡ji 7 RyjvB cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvix‡Z Aew¯’Z Õgvix Pzw³Õ Abymv‡i)|
 Mfb©‡ii cwie‡Z© ivóªcwZ kvwmZ miKvi e¨e¯’vi cÖeZ©b Ges cÖ_g ivóªcwZ wn‡m‡e wbhy³ nb B¯‥v›`vi gxR©v|
 12 †m‡Þ¤^i, 1956 cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©xi ÿgZv MÖnY|
14 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
 7 A‡±vei, 1958 †cÖwm‡W›U B¯‥v›`vi gxR©v mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi K‡i msweavbwU ¯’wMZ K‡ib| msweavbwU gvÎ 2 eQi 8 gvm ¯’vqx wQj|
1958, mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi
 mvgwiK kvmb Rvwii ci †cÖwm‡W›U B¯‥v›`vi gxR©v 8 A‡±vei, 1958 †mbv cÖavb AvBqye Lvb‡K ÕcÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmKÕ
wn‡m‡e wbhy³ K‡ib| wKš‘ 27 A‡±vei, 1958 gvÎ 20 w`‡bi gv_vq AvBqye Lvb †cÖwm‡W›U B¯‥v›`vi gxR©v‡K ÿgZvPz¨Z K‡i
wb‡RB ÿgZv `Lj K‡ib| H w`bB AvBqye Lvb cÖavbgš¿xi c` wejyß K‡i ivóªcwZi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib|
 ‡cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb wb‡Ri ÿgZv‡K `xN©vwqZ Kivi Rb¨ 27 A‡±vei, 1959 Õ‡g․wjK MYZš¿ Aa¨v‡`kÕ Rvwi K‡ib| †g․wjK
MYZš¿ n‡”Q GK ai‡bi mxwgZ MYZš¿ hv‡Z †Kej wbw`©ó msL¨K †jv‡Ki ‡cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vP‡bi AwaKvi wQj| c~e© cvwK¯Ívb I
cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b 40 nvRvi K‡i †gvU 80 nvRvi †g․wjK MYZš¿x wb‡q †`‡ki wbe©vPKgÐjx MwVZ nq| GB †g․wjK MYZš¿x‡`i
Av¯’v †fv‡U AvBqye Lvb 1960 mv‡j cieZ©x 5 eQ‡ii Rb¨ †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vwPZ nb| 23 gvP©, 1960 †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb
mvgwiK kvmb cÖZ¨vnvi K‡ib|
1962,wkÿv ms‡KvPb bxwZi weiæ‡× Av‡›`vjb
 AvBqye Lvb 30 wW‡m¤^i, 1958 cwK¯Ív‡bi wkÿv mwPe Gm. Gg. kixd‡K †Pqvig¨vb K‡i Ôkixd wkÿv KwgkbÕ bv‡g 11 m`m¨
wewkó GKwU Kwgkb MVb K‡ib| 26 AvM÷, 1959 GB Kwgk‡bi †ckK…Z wi‡cv‡U© ejv nq- Òwkÿv Ggb †Kvb wRwbm bq hv
webvg~‡j¨ cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡iÓ| GQvovI GB wi‡cv‡U© D`y©‡K me©Rbxb fvlvq cwiYZ Kiv, D`y©i g‡Zv evsjvI Aviwe ni‡d †jLv
BZ¨vw` MYwe‡ivax Ges Pig cÖwZwµqvkxj mycvwik Kiv nq hv Rbg‡b e¨vcK †ÿvf m„wó K‡i| AvBqye Lvb 1962 mvj †_‡K GB
wi‡cv‡U©i mycvwik ev¯Íevqb ïiæ Ki‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi QvÎmgvR miKvi we‡ivax cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡i|
 8 Ryb, 1962 mvgwiK AvBb cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv n‡j QvÎmgvR K‡Vvi Av‡›`vjb ïiæ K‡i| GB Av‡›`vjb ÔevlwÆi wkÿv Av‡›`vjbÕ
bv‡g cwiwPZ| 17 †m‡Þ¤^i, 1962 Qv·`i Av‡›`vj‡b cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z K‡hKRb wbnZ nq hvi g‡a¨ IqvwjDjøvn, †gv¯Ídv I
eveyj Ab¨Zg| Zv‡`i ¯§i‡Y GB w`b‡K Ôwkÿv w`emÕ wn‡m‡e cvjb Kiv nq| GB Av‡›`vj‡bi d‡j kixd Kwgk‡bi mycvwik
¯’wMZ Kiv nq Ges QvÎiv AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi Ab¨Zg kw³‡Z cwiYZ nq|
1962, cvwK¯Ív‡bi wØZxq kvmbZš¿
 1962 mv‡j AvBqye Lv‡bi Avg‡j wØZxqevi msweavb iPbv Kiv nq|
 msm`xq MYZ‡š¿i cwie‡Z© ivóªcwZ kvwmZ miKvi e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©b Kiv nq|
 AvBqye Lvb KivwP †_‡K Bmjvgvev‡` ivRavbx ¯’vbvšÍi K‡ib|
1965, ivóªcwZ wbe©vPb
2 Rvbyqvwi, 1965 †g․wjK MYZ‡š¿i wfwˇZ ivóªcwZ wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| GB wbe©vPb‡K mvg‡b †i‡L †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb we‡ivax
GKK cÖv_©x †`Iqvi Rb¨ 22 RyjvB, 1964 LvRv bvwRgyÏx‡bi evmfe‡b AvIqvgx jxM, b¨vc, KvDwÝj gymwjg jxM, †bRv‡g Bmjvg
cÖf…wZ `j wg‡j GKK †RvU ev COP (Combined Opposition Party) MVb K‡ib| wbe©vP‡b COP ‡Rv‡Ui cÖv_©x wQ‡jb
†gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvni †evb dvwZgv wRbœvn| wKš‘ AvBqye Lv‡bi AbyMZ I m„ó †g․wjK MYZš¿x‡`i †fv‡U wbe©vP‡b AvBqye Lvb wecyj
†fv‡U Rqjvf K‡ib|
GB wbe©vP‡b Rqjv‡fi d‡j c~e© evsjvi me©‡ÿ‡Î cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii Pig eÂbvi I Ae‡njvi KiæY wPÎ bMœfv‡e dz‡U I‡V| G Ae¯’v
†_‡K DËi‡Yi Rb¨ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbMY weÿzä n‡q I‡V|
1966, Qq `dv Av‡›`vjb
Qq `dv‡K evOvwj RvwZi gyw³i mb` (Charter of Independence) ejv nq| GwU‡K weªwUk kvmbZ‡š¿i `wjj Ôg¨vMbvKvU©vÕ Gi
mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv nq|
cvwK¯Ívwb Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb I †kvlY †_‡K gy³ nIqvi Rb¨ RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb 1966 mv‡ji 5-6 †deªæqvwi
jv‡nv‡i †P․ayix †gvnv¤§` Avjxi evmfe‡b AbywôZ we‡ivax `j¸‡jvi m‡¤§j‡b HwZnvwmK ÔQq `dv Kg©m~wPÕ †ck K‡ib| fvl‡Y wZwb
e‡jb, ÒMZ `yB hyM a‡i c~e© evsjv‡K †hfv‡e †kvlY Kiv n‡h‡Q Zvi cÖwZKviK‡í Ges c~e© evsjvi †f․‡MvwjK `~i‡Z¡i K_v we‡ePbv
K‡i Avwg 6`dv cÖ¯Íve DÌvcb KiwQ|Ó
 Qq `dv¸‡jv wQj wb¤œiƒc :
cÖ_g `dv cÖv‡`wkK ¯^vqËkvmb; jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei wfwˇZ cvwK¯Ívb‡K GKwU †dWv‡ij iv‡óª cwiYZ Kiv|
wØZxq `dv ‡K›`ªxq miKv‡ii ÿgZv; †`kiÿv I ciivóª e¨ZxZ mKj welq A½ivR¨¸‡jvi nv‡Z _vK‡e|
Z…Zxq `dv c„_K I mn‡R wewbgq‡hvM¨ gy`ªv, Avjv`v †K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
PZz_© `dv Ki avh© I ïé Av`v‡qi ÿgZv _vK‡e A½ivR¨¸‡jvi nv‡Z|
cÂg `dv ‣e‡`wkK evwYR¨ welqK ÿgZv, Avg`vwb I ißvwbi c„_K c„_K wnmve|
lô `dv A½ivR¨¸‡jvi wbivcËvi Rb¨ Avav-mvgwiK ev c¨vivwgwjUvwi evwnbx MVb|
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 15
1966 mv‡ji NUbv cÖevn
mvj ZvwiL NUbv
11 †deªæqvwi jv‡nvi wegvbe›`‡i mvsevw`K‡`i cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e e½eÜz e‡jb, ÒQq `dv evOvwj RvwZi gyw³i mb`Ó|
21 †deªæqvwi e½eÜzi bv‡g ÔAvgv‡`i euvPvi `vwe: Qq `dv Kg©m~wPÕ kxl©K cyw¯ÍKv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
13 gvP© AvIqvgx jx‡Mi IqvwK©s KwgwU‡Z ÔQq `dvÕ Aby‡gvw`Z nq|
1966
15 gvP© †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb 6 `dv cÖYqbKvix‡`i cvwK¯Ív‡bi kÎæ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib|
18 gvP© AvIqvgx jx‡Mi KvDwÝj Awa‡ek‡b 6 `dv M„nxZ nq|
23 gvP© AvbyôvwbKfv‡e 6 `dv †NvlYv Kiv nq|
 6 `dvi RbwcÖqZv w`‡b w`‡b e„w× †c‡Z _vK‡j AvBqye miKvi AvZw¼Z n‡q I‡V Ges 9 †g, 1966 e½eÜz‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i|
†MÖdZv‡ii cÖwZev‡` 7 Ryb †`ke¨vcx niZvj cvwjZ nq| niZv‡ji mgq wgwQ‡j cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z gby wgqvmn 11 Rb evOvwj
kwn` nb| G Rb¨ cÖwZ eQi 7 Ryb evsjv‡`‡k Ô6 `dv w`emÕ cvjb Kiv nh|
1968, AvMiZjv gvgjv (ivóª ebvg †kL gywRe I Ab¨vb¨)
 evOvwji RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖÿvc‡U mvgwiK evwnbxi wKQz msL¨K m`m¨ ivR‣bwZK †bZ…e„‡›`i mn‡hvwMZvq †jd‡Ub¨v›U
KgvÛvi †gvqv‡¾g †bZ…‡Z¡ c~e© evsjv‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i ivóªxq ÿgZv `L‡ji GK cÖ‡Póv MÖnY K‡i| msMV‡bi †Kvb GK m`‡m¨i
AmZK©Zvi d‡j cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii Kv‡Q GB cwiKíbvi K_v duvm n‡q c‡o| c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K wew”Qbœ Kivi loh‡š¿ 1967
mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i gv‡m cvwK¯Ívb miKvi mvgwiK †emvgwiK 28 e¨w³‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i|
 cieZ©x‡Z 18 Rvbyqvwi, 1968 cvwK¯Ívb miKvi †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K cÖavb Avmvwg K‡i c~‡e©i 28 Rb mn †gvU 35 R‡bi
weiæ‡× GK ivóª‡`ªvnx gvgjv `v‡qi K‡i| GB gvgjv ÔAvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| miKvwi bw_c‡Î gvgjvi bvg nq
Òivóª ebvg e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb Ges Ab¨vb¨Ó|
 cÖavb wePvicwZ Gm. G. ingv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ GB gvgjvi UªvBey¨bvj MwVZ nq 21 GwcÖj, 1968 mv‡j| 19 †k Ryb, 1968 mv‡j
XvKv †mbvwbev‡m GB gvgjvi wePvi ïiæ nq| hy³iv‡R¨i AvBbRxex m¨vi Ugvm DBwjqvg 5 AvM÷ e½eÜzi c‡ÿ UªvBey¨bv‡ji
•eaZv P¨v‡jÄ K‡i nvB‡Kv‡U© wiU K‡ib| wePvi Kvh© Pjvi mgq †_‡K †køvMvb I‡V- Ô‡R‡ji Zvjv fvOe- †kL gywRe‡K Avbe|Õ
GB MY - Av‡›`vj‡bi avivevwnKZvq ejv hvq, GB Av‡›`vjb mg¯Í †`ke¨vcx miKviwe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b c~Y©Zv jvf K‡i|
1969, MYAfz¨Ìvb
 AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi I c~e©-evsjvi ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe‡Z RvZxqZvev`x ivR‣bwZK `j I QvÎ msMVb¸‡jvi mgš^‡q
†`ke¨vcx Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V| GiB avivevwnKZvq ¯^vqËkvm‡bi Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi c_‡K Db¥y³
K‡i| Awnsm Av‡›`vjb mwnsmZvi w`‡K avweZ n‡Z _v‡K| GB mgq ivR‣bwZK `‡ji 6 `dv `vwe MY`vwe‡Z cwiYZ nq|
1969 mv‡ji ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbvmg~n -
mvj ZvwiL NUbv
04 Rvbyqvwi c~ ec
© vwK¯Í vb QvÎjxM, c~ e© cvwK¯Í vb QvÎ BDwbqb I RvZxq †dWv‡ik‡bi GKvsk wgwjZ n‡q
QvÎmsMÖvg cwil` (Student Action Committee = SAC) MVb K‡i|
08 Rvbyqvwi e½eÜz‡K †MÖdZv‡ii cÖwZev‡` 8wU ivR‣bwZK `j 8 `dv Kg©m~wPi wfwˇZ XvKvq wgwjZ n‡q
MYZvwš¿K msMÖvg cwil` (Democartic Action Committee = DAC) MVb K‡i|
DAC I SAC c~e© evsjvq ag©NU AvnŸvb K‡i| H w`b cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
20 Rvbyqvwi BwZnvm wefv‡Mi QvÎ AvgvbDjøvn †gvnv¤§` Avmv`y¾vgvb kwn` nb| GB w`bwU‡K Ôkwn` Avmv`
1969
w`emÕ wn‡m‡e cvjb Kiv nq|
24 Rvbyqvwi XvKvi eKkx evRv‡i Aew¯’Z beKzgvi Bbw÷wUD‡Ui beg †kÖwYi QvÎ gwZDi ingvb cywj‡ki
¸wj‡Z kwn` nb| cÖwZeQi 24 Rvbyqvwi ÔMY-Afz¨Ìvb w`emÕ cvjb Kiv nq|
15 †deªæqvwi AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi 17bs Avmvwg mv‡R©›U Rûiæj nK‡K XvKv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U e›`x Ae¯’vq ¸wj
K‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq|
18 †deªæqvwi ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖ±i I imvqb wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK kvgmy‡¾vnv‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq|
 Giƒc cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Õ69 Gi MYAfz¨Ìv‡b mgMÖ c~e© cvwK¯Ívb DËvj n‡q I‡V| cÖPÐ MY-Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L 22 †deªæqvwi, 1969 AvBqye Lvb
AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i †kL gywRemn mevB‡K wbtkZ© gyw³ `vb K‡ib| ciw`b 23 †deªæqvwi ZrKvjxb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b QvÎ msMÖvg
cwil‡`i cÿ †_‡K Qv·bZv †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g` †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K Ôe½eÜzÕ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡ib|
16 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
 evOvwji GKK RvwZmËvi Av‡›`vj‡bi djkÖæwZ‡Z 25 gvP©, 1969 AvBqye Lvb c`Z¨vM K‡i †mbvcÖavb †gvnv¤§` Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi
wbKU ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi K‡ib| Gi d‡j cvwK¯Ív‡b wØZxq evi mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi nq|
 GB Av‡›`vj‡bi ga¨ w`‡q †kL gywReyi ingvb evOvwj RvwZi GKK Ges Awemsevw`Z †bZv wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡ib| MYZ‡š¿i
gvbmcyÎ †nv‡mb knx` †mvn&ivIqv`©xi (1963 mv‡ji 5 wW‡m¤^i †jevb‡bi •eiæ‡Z g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib) 6ô g„Zz¨evwl©Kx Dcj‡ÿ¨
Av‡qvwRZ m‡¤§j‡b 1969 mv‡ji 5 wW‡m¤^i e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi bvg iv‡Lb Ôevsjv‡`kÕ|
1970, mvaviY wbe©vPb
 25 gvP© Õ69 mviv †`‡k mvgwiK kvmb Rvwii gva¨‡g ivóªxq ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi n‡jI mvgwiK miKvi MY-`vwe‡K D‡cÿv Kivi gZ
kw³ mÂq Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb mviv †`‡k GK e¨w³ GK †fv‡Ui bxwZ‡Z mvaviY
wbe©vPb w`‡Z eva¨ nb| 7 wW‡m¤^i, Õ1970 †_‡K 19 wW‡m¤^i, 1970 Gi g‡a¨ wbe©vPb AbywôZ n‡e e‡j Zdwmj †NvlYv Kiv nq
Ges kvwšÍc~Y©fv‡e †`ke¨vcx GB wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| wbe©vP‡b c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi msL¨vMwiô RbMY 6 `dv I evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i
c‡ÿ ivq cÖ`vb K‡i|
1970 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi (RvZxq cwil`) `jwfwËK djvdj
mvaviY Avmb msiwÿZ DcRvZxq cÖvß †gvU
ivR‣bwZK `‡ji bvg
c~e© cvwK¯Ívb cwðg cvwK¯Ívb gwnjv Avmb GjvKvq Avmb Avmb msL¨v
AvIqvgx jxM 160 - 7 - 167
wccjm cvwU© - 83 5 - 88
gymwjg jxM (KvBqyg) - 9 - - 9
gymwjg jxM (KvDwÝj) - 7 - - 7
b¨vc (Iqvjx) - 6 1 - 7
gymwjg jxM (Kb‡fbkb) - 2 - - 2
RvgvqvZ-B-Bmjvgx, cvwK¯Ívb - 4 - - 4
gviKvh-B-RvgvqvZ Dj-Djvgv‡q Bmjvg - 7 - - 7
Rwgq‡Z Djvgv‡q Bmjvg I wbRvg-B-Bmjvg - 7 - - 7
cvwK¯Ívb †W‡gv‡µwUK cvwU© (wcwWwc) 1 - - - 1
¯^Zš¿/wb`©jxq 1 6 - 7 14
me©‡gvU 162 131 13 7 313
 cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i `jwfwËK djvdj : AvIqvgx jxM 298 (msiwÿZ 10 wU mn), cvwK¯Ívb †W‡gv‡µwUK cvwU© (wcwWwc)2,
RvgvqvZ-B-Bmjvgx 1, †bRv‡g Bmjvg 1, b¨vc (Iqvjx Lvb) 1 I ¯^Zš¿ 7wU| [¯^Zš¿ 7 Rb m`m¨ cieZ©x mg‡q AvIqvgx jx‡M
†hvM †`qvq AvIqvgx jx‡Mi msL¨v nq 305|]
 ÔevOvwji kvmb †g‡b †bIqv hvq bvÕ GB bxwZ‡Z cvwK¯Ívwb mvgwiK kvmKMY wbe©vwPZ GB RbcÖwZwbwa‡`i Kv‡Q ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii
cÖwZeÜK n‡q I‡V| e½eÜzi †bZ…‡Z¡ evsjvi RvZxq †bZ…e„›` Gi cÖwZev‡` iæ‡L `uvovq| ïiæ nq AwaKv‡ii msNvZ| QvÎ mgvR
GB Av‡›`vj‡b bZzb gvÎv †hvM K‡i| Õ70 G e½eÜz GK KzPKvIqvR Abyôv‡b c~e© evsjvi g¨vc Aw¼Z GKwU cZvKv cÖ`vb
K‡ib| GB cZvKvB cieZ©x‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv wn‡m‡e M„nxZ nq| Qv·`i GB msMVb cÖwZ‡iva hy‡×i cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY K‡i|
cÖwZwU †Rjv I gnKzgv kn‡i ïiæ nq mvgwiK cÖwkÿ‡Yi gnov| RvZxqZvev`x GB Av‡›`vj‡b QvÎ I hye mgv‡Ri AskMÖnY
RbmgvR‡K Av‡iv DrmvwnZ K‡i †Zv‡j|
1971, Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb
wbe©vP‡b Rqjv‡fi ci cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK kvmK †Rbv‡ij †gvnv¤§` Bqvwnqv Lvb e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K miKvi MV‡b gZ
w`‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡ib| GKwU ivR‣bwZK `j RbM‡Yi †fv‡U msL¨vMwiôZv wb‡q miKvi MV‡bi g¨v‡W›U †c‡q‡Q| Zviv miKvi MVb
Ki‡e, GUvB wQj ev¯ÍeZv| wKš‘ mvgwiK kvmKMY miKvi MVb ev wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa‡`i Kv‡Q ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii cÖwµqv ev` w`‡q GK
Av‡jvPbv ïiæ K‡i| wK‡mi Rb¨ Av‡jvPbv GUv eyS‡Z evOvwj †bZ…e„‡›`i Lye GKUv mgq jv‡Mwb| RvZxq msm‡`i wba©vwiZ Awa‡ekb
¯’wM‡Zi cÖwZev‡` e½eÜz 1 gvP©, 1971 †`ke¨vcx Amn‡hv‡Mi AvnŸvb Rvbvb| me©¯Í‡ii RbMY GKev‡K¨ e½eÜzi GB AvnŸv‡b mvov
w`‡q c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi mg¯Í cÖkvmwbK I A_©‣bwZK e¨e¯’v‡K APj K‡i †Zv‡j| Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb 2 gvP© ïiæ n‡q 25 gvP© ¯^vaxbZv
†NvlYvi ga¨ w`‡q †kl nq| 1971 mv‡ji Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbvmg~n -
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 17
mvj ZvwiL NUbv
e½eÜzi wb‡`©‡k Pvi Lwjdv bv‡g L¨vZ QvÎjxM mfvcwZ b~‡i Avjg wmwÏKx, QvÎjxM mvaviY m¤úv`K
1 gvP© kvRvnvb wmivR, ÔWvKmyÕ mn-mfvcwZ Av.m.g. Avãyi ie Ges ÔWvKmyÕ mvaviY m¤úv`K Avãyj KzÏym
gvLb Ô¯^vaxb evsjv QvÎ msMÖvg cwil`Õ MVb K‡ib|
Av. m. g. Avãyi ie XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Kjv fe‡bi eUZjvq evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwPÎ LwPZ cZvKv
2 gvP© D‡Ëvjb K‡ib| G Kvi‡Y GB w`bwU ÔRvZxq cZvKv w`emÕ wn‡m‡e cvjb Kiv nq| XvKvq Amn‡hvM
Av‡›`vjb ïiæ nq|
1971 e½eÜzi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z cëb gq`v‡b QvÎjx‡Mi ZrKvjxb mvaviY m¤úv`K kvRvnvb wmivR 5 `dv
wfwËK Ô¯^vaxbZvi Bk‡ZnviÕ cvV K‡i| GB Bk‡Znv‡i ÒAvgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg †Zvgvq fvjevwmÓ
3 gvP©
MvbwU‡K RvZxq msMxZ wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`qv nq| GKB w`‡b Av. m. g. Avãyi ie e½eÜz‡K ÔRvwZi
RbKÕ wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡ib| m¤ú~Y© evsjv‡`‡k Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb ïiæ nq|
4 gvP© cvwK¯Ívb †iwWIi bvg Ôevsjv‡`k †eZviÕ Ges cvwK¯Ívb wUwfi bvg Ôevsjv‡`k wUwfÕ Kiv nq|Ô
†cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lvb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i fvBm GWwgivj Gm. Gg. Avnmvb‡K AcmviY K‡i †j. †Rbv‡ij
6 gvP©
wU°v Lvb‡K wb‡qvM †`b (cÖavb wePvicwZ weG wmwÏKx wU°v Lvb‡K kc_ cov‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡ib)|
7 gvP©, HwZnvwmK fvlY
 cvwK¯Ívb mvgwiK evwnbx cwiPvwjZ miKvi RvZxq cwil‡`i wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa‡`i Kv‡Q ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii wel‡q †Kvb mgvavb bv
†`Iqvq, 7B gvP©, 1971 e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b (eZ©gv‡b †mvnivIqv`©x D`¨vb) mgMÖ evOvwj RvwZ‡K GK
w`K wb‡`©kbvg~jK fvl‡Y me©cÖKvi cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z n‡Z AvnŸvb Rvbvb| GB fvl‡Y wZwb e‡jb, ÒAvwg hw`
ûKzg †`evi bvI cvwi, †Zvgv‡`i Kv‡Q Avgvi Aby‡iva iBj, cÖ‡Z¨K N‡i N‡i `yM© M‡o †Zvj| .... Gev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡`i
gyw³i msMÖvg, Gev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg|Ó
 7B gv‡P©i GB fvl‡Y e½eÜzi GB wb‡`©k †Kvb `jxq †bZvi wb‡`©k wQj bv| wQj GKRb RvZxq †bZvi wb‡`©k| GB wb‡`©k
†`‡ki me©¯Í‡ii QvÎ, RbZv I e„w×Rxex‡`i mv‡_ evOvwj mvgwiK, †emvgwiK Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix mKj‡KB m‡PZb K‡i †Zv‡j|
GB fvl‡Y e½eÜz PviwU `vwe Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| G¸‡jv n‡jv-
(K) Pjgvb mvgwiK AvBb cÖZ¨vnvi
(L) ‣mb¨‡`i e¨viv‡K wdwi‡q †bIqv
(M) MYnZ¨vi Z`šÍ Kiv Ges
(N) wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa‡`i nv‡Z ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv|
 23 gvP©, Õ71 mKv‡j cëb gq`v‡b Rq evsjv evwnbxi GK KzPKvIqvR AbywôZ nq| Abyôvb †k‡l GB evwnbxi †bZ…e„›` wgwQj
mnKv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKvmn Ôe½eÜz fe‡bÕ cÖ‡ek K‡i AvbyôvwbKfv‡e Zuvi evwo‡Z GB cZvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡ib| 23 gvP© c~e©
evsjvi cÖwZwU kn‡i cvwK¯Ívb w`e‡mi Abyôvb ewR©Z nq Ges cvwK¯Ív‡bi cZvKvi cwie‡Z© evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv Do‡Z †`Lv hvq|
 g~jZ 7 gv‡P©i fvl‡Y e½eÜz c‡ivÿfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv †`b| 18/19 wgwb‡Ui GB fvl‡Y c~e© evsjvi RbM‡Yi
wbcxob, wbh©vZb, eÂbv I AZ¨vPvwiZ nIqvi wPÎ G fvl‡Y dz‡U D‡V‡Q| ZvB †Zv RbMY `jgZ wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡jB ¯^vaxbZv
msMÖv‡g Suvwc‡q c‡o|
 2017 mv‡ji 30 A‡±vei, BD‡b‡¯‥v 7 gv‡P©i fvlY‡K ÔWKz‡g›Uvwi †nwi‡URÕ (wek¦ cÖvgvY¨ HwZn¨) wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`q|
 7 gv‡P©i fvlY‡K Av‡gwiKvi †cÖwm‡W›U Aveªvnvg wjsK‡bi 1863 mv‡ji weL¨vZ Ô‡MwUmevM©Õ e³…Zvi m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv hvq|
25 gvP©, MYnZ¨v I Acv‡ikb mvP©jvBU
 25 gvP©, 1971 cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi eo kni¸‡jv‡Z MYnZ¨v ïiæ K‡i| Zv‡`i c~e©cwiKwíZ GB MYnZ¨vwU
ÔAcv‡ikb mvP©jvBUÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| G MYnZ¨vi cwiKíbvi Ask wn‡m‡e Avv‡M †_‡KB cvwK¯Ívb Avwg©‡Z Kg©iZ mKj evOvwj
Awdmvi‡`i nZ¨v wKsev †MÖdZvi Kivi †Póv Kiv nq|
 25 gvP© ivZ 11 Uvq cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx AZwK©Z Avµg‡Yi cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡q †mbvwbevm Z¨vM K‡i| cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i Acv‡ik‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖavb
jÿ¨ XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mv‡R©›U Rûiæj nK nj Ges RMbœv_ n‡ji Qv·`i wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨v Kiv| XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq I Av‡kcv‡ki eû
msL¨K wkÿK I mvaviY Kg©Pvix‡`iI nZ¨v Kiv nq| cy‡iv‡bv XvKvi wn›`y m¤úª`vq Aay¨wlZ GjvKv¸‡jv‡ZI Pvjv‡bv nq e¨vcK MYnZ¨v|
ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡b AvµgY K‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq cywjk evwnbxi eû m`m¨‡K| wcjLvbvi BwcAvi-Gi †K‡›`ª AvPgKv AvµgY Pvwj‡q
wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq wbi¯¿ m`m¨‡`i| K‡qKwU cwÎKv Awdm f¯§xf~Z Kiv nq| †`kgq Îvm m„wói j‡ÿ¨ wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq wewfbœ
GjvKvq NygšÍ bi-bvix‡K| nZ¨v Kiv nq wkï I eq¯‥ e¨w³‡`iI| aviYv Kiv nq, †mB ivw·Z GKgvÎ XvKv I Zvi Av‡kcv‡ki GjvKv‡Z
cÖvq GK jÿ wbixn bi-bvixi Rxebvemvb N‡U| Acv‡ikb mvP©jvB‡Ui g~j cwiKíbvKvix wQ‡jb †gRi †Rbv‡ij Lv‡`g ûmvBb ivRv Ges
†gRi †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjx|
18 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
 e½eÜz‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i K¨v›Ub‡g›U wb‡q hvIqv nq| Zuv‡K †MÖdZvi Kivi mgq evB‡i DÇxqgvb meyR, njy` I jvj i‡Oi
wgwkÖZ evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKvUv ¸wj K‡i wQbœwfbœ Kiv nq|
 GB nZ¨vKv‡Ði K_v †hb ewnwe©‡k¦ bv Rvb‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨ Av‡MB mKj we‡`wk mvsevw`K‡`i MwZwewai Dci wbqš¿Y Av‡ivc
Kiv nq Ges A‡bK‡K †`k †_‡K †ei K‡i †`qv nq| Z‡e jÛbwfwËK msev`cÎ Ô‡WBwj †UwjMÖvdÕ Gi weL¨vZ mvsevw`K mvBgb
wWªs Rxe‡bi SzuwK wb‡q evsjv‡`‡ki wi‡cvU© cÖKvk K‡ib| Gi ga¨ w`‡q wek¦ GB MYnZ¨v m¤ú‡K© AeMZ nq|
26 gvP©, ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv
 25 gv‡P© e½eÜz‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i nv‡Ze›`x Kivi cÖwµqvi bvg wQj ÔAcv‡ikb weM evW©Õ| ‡mbvevwnbxi nv‡Z e½eÜz
ivZ 12Uv 30 wgwb‡U avbgwÛ evmfeb †_‡K e›`x nevi c~‡e© wZwb `jxq †bZ…e„›`‡K KiYxq wel‡q h_vh_ wb‡`©k w`‡q Ae¯’vb
cwieZ©‡bi K_v e‡jb| GKB mv‡_ wZwb evsjv‡`k‡K GKwU ¯^vaxb mve©‡f․g ivóª wnmv‡e Iq¨vi‡jm evZ©vq †NvlYv K‡ib|
e½eÜzi GB ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv msweav‡bi 15Zg ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g 6ô Zdwmj wn‡m‡e hy³ Kiv nq|
 e½eÜzi GB †NvlYv PÆMÖv‡g ZrKvjxb B÷ cvwK¯Ívb ivB‡dj‡mi UªvÝwgUv‡ii gva¨‡g cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ cvVv‡bv nq| 26 gvP© `ycyi
2.30 wgwb‡U PÆMÖvg †eZvi †K›`ª †_‡K e½eÜzi †NvlYv‡K Aej¤^b K‡i PÆMÖvg AvIqvgx jxM †bZv Gg. G. nvbœvb ¯^vaxbZvi
†NvlYv cvV K‡ib| †mw`bB mܨv 7.40 wgwb‡U Aveyj Kv‡kg m›Øxc GKB †NvlYv cvV K‡ib| Gici w`b, 27 gvP© Aciv‡ý
PÆMÖv‡gi KvjyiNvU †eZvi †K›`ª †_‡K 78g B÷‡e½j †iwR‡g›Ui †gRi wRqvDi ingvb e½eÜz †kL gywR‡ei c‡ÿ ¯^vaxbZvi
Av‡iKwU †NvlYv cvV K‡ib (evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×i `wjjcÎ: gywRebMi cÖkvmb, Z…Zxq LÐ, cÖKvkKvj : b‡f¤^i, 1982)|
28 gvP©, ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª
 gyw³hy×Kv‡j hy×iZ gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Ges Aeiæ× GjvKvi RbM‡Yi g‡bvej AÿzYœ ivLvi †ÿ‡Î ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª wewfbœ
Abyôv‡bi ga¨ w`‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| 1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© cvwK¯Ívwb •mb¨iv mKj †iwWI †÷k‡bi `Lj wb‡j
PÆMÖv‡gi AvIqvgx jxM †bZviv PÆMÖv‡gi AvMÖvev` †eZvi †K›`ª n‡Z h¯¿cvwZ ¯’vbvšÍwiZ K‡i PÆMÖv‡gi KvjyiNvU †cÖiY ‡K›`ªwU‡K
†eZvi †K›`ª wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zv‡jb| Gi bvg †`Iv nq Ô¯^vaxb evsjv wecøex †eZvi †K›`ªÕ|
 28 gvP©, 1971 †gRi wRqvi Aby‡iv‡a wecøex kãwU ev` w`‡q bvg †`Iqv nq Ô¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ªÕ|
 30 gvP©, 1971 nvbv`vi evwnbxi †evgvel©‡Yi d‡j ‡K›`ªwUi Kvh©µg eÜ n‡q hvq|
 25 †g, 1971 KjKvZvi evwjM‡Ä †K›`ªwUi wØZxq ch©v‡qi m¤úªPvi ïiæ nq|
 Ô¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ªÕ †_‡K e½eÜyi fvl‡Yi Askwe‡kl ÔeRªKÉÕ bv‡g cÖPvwiZ n‡Zv|
 ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZv‡ii AZ¨šÍ RbwcÖq `ywU Abyôvb wQj ÔPigcÎÕ I ÔRjøv‡`i `ieviÕ| G Abyôvb¸‡jv gyw³‡hv×v‡`i
AbycÖvwYZ K‡i|
10 GwcÖj, gywRebMi miKvi
 gyw³hyׇK MwZgq I mymsnZ Kiv, fvi‡Z AvkÖqMÖnYKvix jÿ jÿ evOvwj‡K †`Lv‡kvbv Kiv Ges ewnwe©‡k¦ evOvwj RvwZi fveg~wZ©‡K Zz‡j
aivi Rb¨ G mg‡q ÔcÖevmx miKviÕ (Government-in-exile) MV‡bi wPšÍv-fvebv Pj‡Z _v‡K| 1971 mv‡ji 10 GwcÖj †NvwlZ nq
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvi Av‡`k| e¨vwi÷vi Avgxi-Dj-Bmjvg GB ‡NvlYvc‡Îi AvBbMZ w`K¸‡jv ms‡kvab K‡i G‡K c~Y©Zv `vb
K‡ib| Ae‡k‡l 1971 mv‡j 10 GwcÖ‡ji Ô¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎ Av‡`kÕ Abyhvqx †mw`bB ¯^vaxb ÔMYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKviÕ MVb Kiv
nq| G miKvi ÔgywRebMi miKviÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ nq| gywRebMi miKvi wQj ivóªcwZ kvwmZ|
 Kzwóqv †Rjvi †g‡nicyi wQj ZLb cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vigy³ Ges gyw³‡hv×v‡`i `L‡j| †g‡nicy‡ii f‡ei cvov MÖv‡gi •e`¨bv_Zjvi
(cieZ©x bvg gywRebMi) Av¤ªKvb‡b eû †`wk-we‡`wk mvsevw`K, gyw³‡hv×v Ges AvBbmfvi m`m¨‡`i Dcw¯’wZ‡Z 1971 mv‡ji
17 GwcÖj ¯^vaxb ÔMYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKviÕ (gywRebMi miKvi) kc_ MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎwU M„nxZ nq|
¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎ cvV K‡ib AvBbmfvi m`m¨ I cÖL¨vZ AvIqvgx jxM †bZv Aa¨vcK †gvt BDmyd Avjx| gš¿x‡`i kc_
Abyôvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib Aa¨vcK †gvt BDmyd Avjx I Avãyj gvbœvb| ÔMvW© Ae AbviÕ cÖ`vbKvix `‡ji †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb K‡ib gvneye
DwÏb Avn‡g` (PSP)| A¯’vqx ivRavbx Kiv nq gywRe bM‡i| gywRebMi miKv‡ii A¯’vqx mwPevjq ¯’vcb Kiv nq 8bs w_‡qUvi
†ivW, KjKvZvq| cieZ©x‡Z 17 GwcÖj gywRebMi w`em †NvlYv Kiv nq|
 ‡h mg¯Í †bZ…e„›`‡K wb‡q gywRebMi miKvi KvVv‡gv MwVZ Zuviv n‡jb-
bvg c`gh©v`v I `vwqZ¡
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb ivóªcwZ - c`vwaKvi e‡j mk¯¿ evwnbx cÖavb I gyw³hy‡×i me©vwabvqK|
‣mq` bRiæj Bmjvg Dc-ivóªcwZ - e½eÜzi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z A¯’vqx ivóªcwZi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
cÖavbgš¿x - cÖwZiÿv, Z_¨ cÖPvi Ges †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM, A_©‣bwZK welq, cwiKíbv Ges Dbœqb,
ZvRDwÏb Avn‡g` wkÿv ¯’vbxq ¯^vqZ¡kvmb miKvi, ¯^v¯’¨, kÖg Ges mgvRKj¨vY ms¯’vcb Ges cÖkvmb gš¿Yvj‡qi
`vwqZ¡cÖvß|
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 19
K¨v‡Þb gbmyi Avjx A_©gš¿x Ges RvZxq ivR¯^, wkí I evwYR¨ I cwienb gš¿Yvj‡q `vwqZ¡cÖvß|
L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avn‡g` ciivóªgš¿x Ges AvBb I msm` welqK gš¿Yvj‡q `vwqZ¡cÖvß|
G GBP Gg Kvgiæ¾vgvb ¯^ivóªgš¿x Ges ÎvY, cybe©vmb I K…wl gš¿Yvj‡q `vwqZ¡cÖvß|
K‡b©j (Ae.) Gg. G. wR ‡mbvevwnbxi cÖavb|
Imgvbx
K‡b©j (Ae.) Avãyi ie ‡mbvevwnbxi DccÖavb-wPd Ae ÷vd|
MÖæc K¨v‡Þb G‡K L›`Kvi ‡WcywU wPd Ae ÷vd|
 ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki beMwVZ gywRebMi miKv‡ii myôz cwiPvjbv Ges w`Kwb‡`©kbvi Rb¨ 1971 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^i gv‡m 8 m`m¨
wewkó GKwU Dc‡`óv cwil` MwVZ nq| Dc‡`óvgÐjxi m`m¨ wQ‡jb gIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx (fvmvbx b¨vc),
Aa¨vcK †gvRvd&di Avn‡g` (b¨vc AvIqvgx cvwU©), KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i Kg‡iW gwb wms, Ks‡MÖ‡mi kÖx g‡bviÄb ai Ges AvIqvgx
jx‡Mi 2 Rb Ges gywRebMi miKv‡ii 2 Rb cÖwZwbwa| Dc‡`óv KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb gIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx|
 1971 mv‡ji 11 †g gyw³Kvgx RbZvi gyLcvÎ wn‡m‡e gywRebMi miKvi KZ…©K AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i ÔRq evsjvÕ cwÎKv|
11 GwcÖj, evsjv‡`k gyw³evwnbx
‡h Rbhy× G‡b‡Q cZvKv, †mB Rbhy‡×i `vwe`vi G‡`‡ki mvZ †KvwU evOvwj| GKwU mk¯¿ hy× †`k‡K kÎægy³ K‡i| GB mk¯¿ hy×
GKwU wbe©vwPZ miKv‡ii wbqš¿‡Y cwiPvwjZ nq| cwiKwíZ GB hy× cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ 10 GwcÖj, Õ71 evsjv‡`k miKvi mgMÖ
evsjv‡`k‡K 4wU hy×v‡j wef³ K‡i| GB 4wU A‡ji `vwqZ¡cÖvß AwabvqK wQ‡jb-
PÆMÖvg AÂj ‡gRi wRqvDi ingvb
Kzwgjøv AÂj ‡gRi Lv‡j` †gvkviid
wm‡jU AÂj ‡gRi ‡K Gg mwdDjøvn
`wÿY-cwðg AÂj ‡gRi Avey Imgvb †P․ayix
 cieZ©x‡Z `wÿY-cwðg AÂj‡K wef³ K‡i ivRkvnx A‡j †gRi bvRgyj nK, w`bvRcyi A‡j †gRib Iqv‡Rm DwÏb Ges Lyjbv A‡j
†gRi Rwjj‡K `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq| GQvov cvwK¯Ívwb •mb¨‡`i Kej †_‡K evsjv‡`k‡K gy³ Kivi A`g¨ evmbvq QvÎ, K…lK, kÖwgK I
ivR‣bwZK Kg©xiv gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM`vb K‡i 11 GwcÖj, 1971 KjKvZvi 8bs w_‡qUvi †iv‡WÔevsjv‡`k evwnbxÕ MVbK‡i|
 10 †_‡K 17 RyjvB, 1971 ch©šÍ gyw³evwnbxi m`i `߇i cÖavbgš¿xi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ hy× A‡ji AwabvqK‡`i m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq|
GB Awa‡ek‡b evsjv‡`k‡K 11wU †m±‡i wef³ K‡i †m±i KgvÛvi wbhy³ Kiv nq| †gvU ‡m±i KgvÛvi wQ‡jb- 17Rb|
gyw³hy‡×i †m±img~n
‡m±i we¯Í…wZ m`i`ßi KgvÛvi
‡gRi wRqvDi ingvb
(10 GwcÖj †_‡K 10 Ryb)
1 PÆMÖvg I cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg †_‡K †dbx b`x ch©šÍ| nwiYv, wÎcyiv
‡gRi iwdKzj Bmjvg
(10 Ryb †_‡K 16 wW‡m¤^i)
‡gRi Lv‡j` †gvkviid
‡bvqvLvjx †Rjv, Kzwgjøv †Rjvi AvLvDov - (GwcÖj †_‡K †m‡Þ¤^i)
2 •fie †ijjvBb ch©šÍ Ges dwi`cyi I XvKvi ‡gjvNi, wÎcyiv
Ask we‡kl| ‡gRi G. [Link]. nvq`vi
(‡m‡Þ¤^i †_‡K wW‡m¤^i)
‡gRi †K. Gg. kwdDjøvn
wm‡jU †Rjvi nweMÄ gnKzgv, wK‡kviMÄ (26 GwcÖj †_‡K †m‡Þ¤^i)
3 gnKzgv, AvLvDov-‣fie †ijjvBb †_‡K DËi- ‡nRvgviv, wÎcyiv
c~e© w`‡K Kzwgjøv I XvKv †Rjvi Ask we‡kl| ‡gRi G. Gb. Gg. b~iæ¾vgvb
(‡m‡Þ¤^i †_‡K wW‡m¤^i)
wm‡jU †Rjvi c~e©vÂjGes †LvqvB-kv‡q¯ÍvMÄ ‡gRi [Link]. `Ë
cÖ_‡g KwigMÄ, cieZ©x‡Z
4 †ijjvBb ev‡` c~e© I DËi w`‡K wm‡jU-WvBwK (GwcÖj †_‡K 16 wW‡m¤^i)
gvwQgcyi, Avmvg
moK ch©šÍ|
wm‡jU-WvBwK moK †_‡K wm‡jU †Rjvi mgMÖ ‡gRi gxi kIKZ Avjx
5 euvkZjv, mybvgMÄ
DËi I cwðgvÂj| (GwcÖj †_‡K 16 wW‡m¤^i)
mgMÖ iscyi †Rjv Ges w`bvRcyi †Rjvi DBs KgvÛvi Gg. †K. evkvi
6 eywogvox, cvUMÖvg
VvKziMuvI gnKzgv|
20 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
‡gRi bvRgyj nK
w`bvRcyi †Rjvi `wÿYvÂj, e¸ov, ivRkvnx (`yN©Ubvq wbnZ nb)
7 Zi½cyi, cwðge½
Ges cvebv †Rjv|
‡gRi KvRx b~iæ¾vgvb
‡gRi Avey Imgvb †P․ayix
mgMÖ Kzwóqv I h‡kvi †Rjv, dwi`cy‡ii (GwcÖj ‡_‡K AvM÷)
8 AwaKvsk GjvKv Ges †`․jZcyi-mvZÿxiv Kj¨vYx, cwðge½
mo‡Ki DËivsk| ‡gRi Gg. G. gÄyi
(RyjvB †_‡K wW‡m¤^i)
‡`․jZcyi-mvZÿxiv moK †_‡K Lyjbvi `wÿYvÂj ‡gRi Gg. G. Rwjj
9 UvK. ewminvU, fviZ
Ges mgMÖ ewikvj I cUzqvLvjx †Rjv| (Ryb †_‡K wW‡m¤^i)
†Kv‡bv AvÂwjK mxgvbv †bB| 515 Rb ‡nW †KvqvU©v‡ii mivmwi
10 †b․evwnbxi Kgv‡Ûv Aaxb¯’| kÎæc‡ÿi †b․hvb cÖ‡hvR¨ bq ZË¡veav‡b G †b․KgvÛ evwnbx
aŸs‡mi Rb¨ wewfbœ †m±‡i cvVv‡bv n‡Zv| MwVZ nq|
‡gRi wRqvDi ingvb
wK‡kviMÄ gnKzgv ev‡` mgMÖ gqgbwmsn I (Ryb †_‡K AvM÷)
Uv½vBj †Rjv Ges bMievwo-AvwiPv †_‡K ‡gRi Avey Zv‡ni
11 g‡n›`ªMÄ, Avmvg
dzjQwo-evnv`yiv ev` ch©šÍ hgybv b`x I Zxi (AvM÷ †_‡K b‡f¤^i)
AÂj| d¬vBU †j. Gg. nvwg`yjøvn Lvb
(b‡f¤^i †_‡K wW‡m¤^i)
 gyw³evwnbx miKvwi ch©v‡q `yB fv‡M wef³ wQj| h_v wbqwgZ I AwbqwgZ evwnbx| GQvovI wewfbœ AvÂwjK evwnbx wQj|
 gyw³evwnbxi wbqwgZ evwnbx MVb Kiv n‡qwQj B÷ ‡e½j ‡iwR‡g›U (EBR), B÷ cvwK¯Ívb ivB‡djm (cieZ©x‡Z
evsjv‡`k ivB‡djm ev BDR), cywjk, Ab¨vb¨ Avav-mvgwiK evwnbxi m`m¨ Ges mvaviY RbMY wb‡q| GB evwnbx
evsjv‡`ke¨vcx 11wU ‡m±‡i fvM Kiv n‡qwQj Ges wbqš¿Y wQ‡jv ‡mbvevwnbxi m`m¨‡`i nv‡Z|
 AwbqwgZ evwnbx MVb Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv ‡Mwijv hy‡× cÖwkw¶Z ‡hv×v‡`i wb‡q| GB evwnbxi m`m¨iv wQ‡jv g~jZ QvÎ, K…lK,
kÖgRxex Ges ivR‣bwZK Kg©xiv| Zv‡`i cÖv_wgK cÖwk¶‡Yi ci wewfbœ ‡m±‡i web¨¯Í Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv| Zv‡`i g~j `vwqZ¡ wQj
evsjv‡`‡ki ‡fZ‡i cvwK¯Ívwb Avwg©i weiæ‡× ‡Mwijv Kvq`vq AZwK©Z AvµgY Pvjv‡bv Ges h_vm¤¢e ¶wZmvab| GB
evwnbxi miKvwi bvg wQj MYevwnbx ev gyw³‡hv×v (Freedom Fighter)|
 evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i e¨w³ D‡`¨v‡M cÖwZwôZ nq Kv‡`wiqv evwnbx (Uv½vBj), Avdmvi evwnbx (fvjyKv, gqgbwmsn),
ev‡Zb evwnbx (Uv½vBj), ‡ngv‡qZ evwnbx (‡MvcvjMÄ, ewikvj), nvwjg evwnbx (gvwbKMÄ), AvKei evwnbx (gv¸iv),
jwZd wgR©v evwnbx (wmivRMÄ, cvebv), wRqv evwnbx (my›`ieb) cÖf…wZ| fvi‡Z Avjv`vfv‡e MwVZ nq gywRe evwnbx
(weGjGd)| GQvov wQj XvKvi ‡Mwijv `j hv, Ôµ¨vKcøvUzbÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| Ôµ¨vKcøvUzbÕ Gi mvwe©K ZË¡veav‡b wQ‡jb 2 bs
‡m±‡ii KgvÛvi Lv‡j` ‡gvkviid|
we‡MÖW †dvm©
 11wU †m±i I 64wU mve‡m±i QvovI iYv½b‡K wZbwU we‡MÖW †dv‡m© wef³ Kiv nq| †dv‡m©i bvgKiY Kiv nq AwabvqK‡`i
Av`¨vÿi w`‡q|
†dv‡m©i AwabvqK `ßi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨vewj
Z Force ‡gRi wRqvDi ingvb ‡Zj`n  MVb: Ryb gv‡m 1g, 3q I 8g B÷ †e½j e¨v‡Uwjqb wb‡q|
 hyׯ’j: Kvgvjcyi, evnv`yiivev`, wPjgvix, †Mvwe›`MÄ
GjvKvq|
S Force ‡gRi †K Gg kwdDjø vn dwUKQov  MVb: ‡g gv‡m 2q B÷ †e½j I 3bs †m±i wb‡q MwVZ|
 hyׯ’j: cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbxi weiæ‡× exi‡Z¡i mv‡_ hy×
K‡i|
K Force †gRi Lv‡j` †gvkviid ‡gjvNi  MVb: ‡g gv‡m 4_©, 9g I 10g B÷ †e½j Gi mgš^‡q MwVZ|
 hyׯ’j: we‡jvwbqv, kvj`v I Kmev hy‡× exi‡Z¡i cwiPq cÖ`vb
K‡i|
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 21
gyw³hy‡× wegvb evwnbx
 MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi MÖæc K¨v‡Þb G.‡K. L›`Kvi‡K evsjv‡`k gyw³evwnbxi ‡WcywU wPd Ae ÷vd wb‡qvM K‡i| wZwb
wQ‡jb wegvb evwnbxi wmwbqi Kg©KZ©v| wZwb cÖevmx miKv‡ii wb‡`©kbvq 1971 mv‡ji 28 ‡m‡Þ¤^i evsjv‡`k wegvb evwnbx MVb
K‡ib| 18 Rb cvBjU Ges 70 Rb ‣egvwbK wb‡q hvÎv ïiæ K‡i evsjv‡`k wegvbevwnbx| fviZxq wegvbevwnbx cÖ`Ë GKwU
AUvi, GKwU AjI‡qU ‡nwjKÞvi Ges GKwU wWwm-3 Wv‡KvUv wegvb w`‡q evsjv‡`k wegvb evwnbx hvÎv ïiæ K‡i|
 cvBj‡Ui g‡a¨ wQ‡jb ‡¯‥vqvW«b wjWvi myjZvb gvngy`, d¬vBU ‡jd‡Ub¨v›U e`iæ Avjg, d¬vBU ‡jd‡Ub¨v›U kvgmyj Avjg,
K¨v‡Þb AvKivg Ges Gqvi‡dv‡m©i cÖvq 70 Rb ‡UKwbwkqvb| 3 wW‡m¤^i ivZ `y‡Uvi mgq GKB mg‡q evsjv‡`k wegvb evwnbx
PÆMÖvg e›`‡ii wbKUeZ©x A‡qj Wv¤ú Ges bvivqYM‡Äi Kv‡Q ‡Mv`bvB‡j wegvb nvgjv Pvjvq Ges G nvgjv LyeB Kvh©Kix
n‡qwQj| GwU ÒAcv‡ikb wK‡jv d¬vBUÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| Giv gyw³evwnbx Ges fviZxq evwnbx‡K mnvqZv w`‡qwQj| wegvb evwnbxi
m`m¨ n‡jI Zviv A‡bK mgq| ¯’jevwnbxi m`m¨‡`i cv‡k `vuwo‡q ¯’j hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡i| evsjv‡`k wegvb evwnbx gyw³hy‡×i
‡klw`‡K, A_©vr wW‡m¤^i gv‡m cvwK¯Ívwb ‡mbvevwnbxi Ae¯’vb j¶¨ K‡i eo ai‡bi 45wU Awfhvb Pvjvq| Gme Awfhv‡b
cvwK¯Ívb ‡b․evwnbxi 126wU RvnvR Wywe‡q ‡`qv nq| ‡m‡Þ¤^‡ii ci PÆMÖvg I Pvjbv e›`‡i (‡gvsjv e›`i) we‡`wk ‡Kv‡bv
RvnvR wfo‡Z ivwR nqwb| Gi d‡j cvwK¯Ívwb ‡mbvevwnbxi A¯¿ I im‡`i mieivn `ªæZ dywi‡q †h‡Z _v‡K|
gyw³hy‡× ‡b․evwnbx
 gnvb gyw³hy‡× evsjv‡`k ‡b․evwnbxi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© I ‡M․iegq f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| 1971 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb nvbv`vi evwnbxi weiæ‡× gnvb
¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi mgq evsjv‡`k mk¯¿ evwnbxi Aax‡b evsjv‡`k ‡b․evwnbxi Rb¥ nq| 1971 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m HwZnvwmK
‡m±i KgvÛvi‡`i Kbdv‡i‡Ýi ‡NvlYv ‡gvZv‡eK evsjv‡`k ‡b․evwnbx AvbyôvwbK hvÎv ïiæ K‡i| D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨K evOvwj
Awdmvi I bvweKMY cwðg cvwK¯Ívb Z¨vM K‡i ‡`‡k G‡m evsjv‡`k ‡b․evwnbx MVb K‡ib| fviZ ‡_‡K cÖvß ÔcÙvÕ I ÔcjvkÕ
bv‡gi ‡QvU `ywU Mvb‡evU Ges 49 Rb bvweK wb‡q hvÎv ïiæ K‡i evsjv‡`k ‡b․evwnbx|
 1971 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ cwiPvwjZ ‡b․-Kgv‡Ûv evwnbxi cÖ_g Awfhvb ÔAcv‡ikb R¨vKcUÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| Gw`b iv‡Z ‡b․-
Kgv‡Ûviv GK‡hv‡M †gvsjv, PÆMÖvg, Pvu`cyi, bvivqYMÄ e›`i AvµgY K‡i Ges cvwK¯Ívb evwnbxi 26 wU cY¨ I mgiv¯¿evnx
RvnvR I Mvb‡evU Wywe‡q ‡`q| ‡b․evwnbxi Acv‡ik‡bi g‡a¨ wniY c‡q‡›Ui gvBb AvµgY (10 b‡f¤^i,Õ71), gvwK©b I weªwUk
‡b․hvb aŸsm (12 b‡f¤^i,Õ 71), Pvjbv (gsjv e›`‡ii c~e© bvg) e›`‡i ‡b․ nvgjv (22 b‡f¤^i,Õ71), PÆMÖvg ‡b․ Awfhvb (5
wW‡m¤^i, Õ71), cvwK¯Ívb ‡b․ NvuwU wcGbGm wZZygxi, Awfhvb (10 wW‡m¤^i, Õ71) D‡jøL‡hvM¨| gnvb gyw³hy‡× ‡b․evwnbxi
`ytmvnwmK Awfhv‡b kÎyc¶ ‡b․ c‡_ w`‡knviv n‡q c‡o| gnvb gyw³hy‡× eûmsL¨K ‡b․ m`m¨ kvnv`Z eiY K‡ib| RvwZ gnvb
gyw³hy‡× ‡b․evwnbxi f~wgKv‡K Mfxi kÖ×vf‡i ¯§iY K‡i|
†h․_evwnbxi Awfhvb
 21 b‡f¤^i, 1971 gyw³evwnbx I fviZxq wgÎevwnbxi mgš^‡q ‡h․_evwnbx MwVZ nq|
 cieZ©x‡Z 1971 mv‡ji 3 wW‡m¤^i cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbx fvi‡Zi AvMiZjv, Ag…Zmi, cvVvb‡KvU, kÖxbMi, AewšÍcyi,
DËijvB, AvMÖv wegvbNvuwU‡Z AvµgY Pvjvq| we‡K‡j KjKvZv c¨v‡iW MÖvD‡Û wekvj GK Rbmfvq fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv
MvÜx fvlY`vbKv‡j G Lei cvb| w`wjø wd‡i wZwb iv‡ZB AvKvkevbx w`wjø †eZvi †K›`ª †_‡K RvwZi D‡Ï‡k¨ fvlY †`b|
fvl‡Y wZwb e‡jb, ÔÔAvR evsjv‡`‡ki hy× fvi‡Zi hy‡× cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|ÕÕ
 d‡j 3 wW‡m¤^i fviZxq c~e©vÂjxq KgvÛ-Gi †j. †R. RMwRr wms A‡ivivi AwabvqK‡Z¡ MwVZ nq evsjv‡`k-fviZ †h․_ KgvÛ|
fviZxq mk¯¿evwnbx wgÎevnbx bvg wb‡q evsjv‡`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡i gyw³evwnbxi mv‡_ †hvM w`‡q cvwK¯Ív‡bi weiæ‡× wegvb nvgjv ïiæ
K‡i| fviZxq wegvb evwnbxi Mfxi iv‡ZB evsjv‡`‡ki me gy³ GjvKvq †cu․‡Q hvq| me iæU w`‡q Zviv evsjv‡`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡i|
Gici Aweivg wegvb nvgjv Pvwj‡q evsjv‡`‡ki me wegvb NvuwU APj K‡i †`q| Kzwg©‡Uvjv Gqvi‡cv‡U© 50 Ub †evgv †djv nq|
cvwK¯Ív‡bi GK WR‡bi Dci wegvb weaŸ¯Í nq| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mv‡_ hy³ nIqv fviZxq wegvb nvgjvq cvwK¯Ívb
†mbvevwnbx Aeiæ× n‡q c‡o| ïiæ nq gyw³hy‡×i P‚ovšÍ Aa¨vq|
 6 wW‡m¤^i, 71 fviZ ¯^vaxb mve©‡f․g evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK„wZ w`‡j gyw³evwnbxi g‡bvej eûjvs‡k e„w× cvq| gyw³evwnbx I fviZxq
‡mbvevwnbx evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i µgk AMÖmi n‡Z _v‡K| d‡j cvwK¯Ívwb ‣mb¨‡`i civRq I AvZ¥mgc©Y Awbevh© n‡q I‡V|
14 wW‡m¤^i, eyw×Rxex nZ¨v
 eyw×Rxex nZ¨vKvÐ BwZnv‡mi GK Kj¼RbK Aa¨vq| 25‡k gvP© Acv‡ikb mvP©jvB‡Ui ïiæ ‡_‡K P~ovšÍ weRq AR©‡bi c~e© ch©šÍ
evsjv‡`k‡K ‡gavk~b¨ Kivi j‡¶¨ ‡`‡ki eyw×Rxex‡`i nZ¨v Kiv nq|
 3 wW‡m¤^i, 1971 ‡_‡K ‡h․_evwnbxi Avµg‡Yi d‡j cvwK¯Ív‡bi civRq hLb wbwðZ ZLb Zviv evsjv‡`k‡K ‡gavk~b¨ Kivi
bxj bKkv ‣Zwi K‡i| ‡gRi ‡Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjx Avje`i I Avjkvg‡mi mnvqZvq eyw×Rxex nZ¨vi bxj bKkv cÖYqb
K‡ib| GB cwiKíbv Abyhvqx evsjvi ‡kÖô mšÍvb eyw×Rxex, wk¶K, mvsevw`K, wPwKrmK, m½xZÁ‡`i a‡i wb‡q wbg©g wbh©vZb
K‡i nZ¨v K‡i|
22 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
 1971 Gi 25‡k gvP© ‡_‡K 14 wW‡m¤^i ch©šÍ GB wbg©g nZ¨vKv‡Ði wkKvi nb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK ‡Mvwe›` P›`ª ‡`e,
knx`yjøvn Kvqmvi, Aa¨vcK gybxi ‡P․ayix I ‡R¨vwZg©q ¸n VvKyiZv, wPwKrmK Wv. dR‡j iveŸx I Wv. Avwjg ‡P․ayix, mvsevw`K
wbRvgDwÏb I wmivRDwÏb ‡nv‡mb, `vbexi iY`v cÖmv` mvnv, b~Zb P›`ª wmsn, ivRbxwZwe` ax‡i›`ªbv_ `Ë I gwkDi ingvb,
‡jwLKv ‡mwjbv cvifxb I ‡g‡niæ‡bœmv, mvwnwZ¨K kwn` mv‡ei I Av‡bvqvi cvkv, m½xZÁ AvjZvd gvngy‡`i g‡Zv e‡iY¨
e¨w³MY| weRq AR©‡bi c‡i Gme m~h© mšÍvb‡`i jvk iv‡qievRvimn wewfbœ ea¨f~wg‡Z cvIqv hvq| GB Aciv‡ai `vq cvwK¯Ívwb
nvbv`vi evwnbx I Zv‡`i G ‡`wk ‡`vmi ivRvKvi, Avje`i, Avj-kvgm evwnbxi Dci eZ©vq| GB cwiKwíZ MYnZ¨v Pvjv‡Z
wM‡q cvwK¯Ívwb evwnbx I Zv‡`i ‡`vmiiv G‡`‡k A‡bK ea¨f~wg ‣Zwi K‡i‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ K‡qKwU eo ea¨f~wg n‡jv XvKvi
iv‡qievRvi, PÆMÖv‡gi cvnvoZwj, Lyjbvi Lvwjkcyi, wm‡j‡Ui kg‡mibMi BZ¨vw`| mviv‡`‡k wewfbœ ‡Rjv I gnKygvq wbR©b
b`xZxi I Pv evMv‡bI AmsL¨ ea¨f~wg M‡o Zy‡jwQj NvZKiv| cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi I Zv‡`i wgÎ Avj e`i evwnbx evOvwji
ZrKvjxb ‡kÖô m¯Ívb eyw×Rxex‡`i nZ¨v K‡i GK Kj¼gq BwZnv‡mi m„wó K‡i| cÖwZeQi 14 wW‡m¤^i Ôkwn` eyw×Rxex w`emÕ
wn‡m‡e cvwjZ nq|
16 wW‡m¤^i, P‚ovšÍ weRq I cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©Y
‡h․_evwnbx XvKv kn‡ii gvÎ 15 wK‡jvwgUv‡ii g‡a¨ G‡m ‡c․uQv‡j DcvqvšÍi bv ‡`‡L 15 wW‡m¤^i ‡j. ‡Rbv‡ij G.G.‡K. wbqvRx,
‡gRi ‡Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjxmn evsjv‡`‡k hy×iZ DaŸ©Zb cvwK¯Ívwb ‡mbv, me Kg©KZ©viv wgÎevwnbxi wbKU AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi P‚ovšÍ
wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i Ges Zv wgÎevwnbx‡K Rvwb‡q ‡`q| 15 wW‡m¤^i gvwK©b hy³iv‡ó«i `~Zvevm gvidZ ‡j, ‡Rbv‡ij wbqvRx cÖ¯Íve cvVvb
‡h, wZwb kZ©mv‡c‡¶ AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡Z Pvb| Zvi bv ‡`qv cÖavb kZ© n‡jv ÒcvwK¯Ívb ‡mbvevwnbxi mevB‡K wbR ‡`‡k P‡j hvIqvi
my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e Ges KvD‡K ‡MÖßvi Kiv Pj‡e bv| wKš‘ ‡h․_evwnbx Zvr¶wYK ‡m cÖ¯Íve bvKP K‡i w`‡q Rvbvq ‡h, Òwebvk‡Z©
AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡j hy×e›`xiv ‡R‡bfv Pyw³ Abyhvqx e¨envi cv‡eÓ| w`wjøi gvwK©b `~Zvevm gvidZ
cvwK¯Ívb ‡mbvevwnbxi c~e©vÂjxq ‡mbva¨¶ ‡j. ‡Rbv‡ij G.G.‡K. wbqvRx‡K Rvwb‡q ‡`qv nq; Avgv‡`i cÖ¯Íve ‡f‡e ‡`Lvi Rb¨
Avcbv‡K 16 ZvwiL mKvj 9Uv ch©šÍ mgq ‡`qv n‡jv| fviZxq wegvb evwnbx H mgq ch©šÍ ‡Kv‡bv AvµgY Ki‡e bv| wKš‘ cvwK¯Ívb
‡mbvevwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©Y ‡mbvevwnbx I ‡b․evwnbx h_vixwZ AMÖmi n‡Z _vK‡e| hw` mKvj 9Uvi g‡a¨ AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi Lei bv cvB
Zvn‡j, ZLb ‡_‡K Avevi wegvb evwnbxi AvµgY cy‡iv`‡g ïiæ n‡e| XvKvi wfZ‡i cvwK¯Ívwb ‡mbvevwnbxi Ae¯’v ZLb AZ¨šÍ
‡kvPbxq| Zv‡`i g‡bvej G‡Kev‡i ‡f‡½ wM‡q‡Q|
16 wW‡m¤^i mKvj `kUvq cvwK¯Ívb ‡mbvevwnbxi 14 wWwfk‡bi KgvÛvi ‡gRi ‡Rbv‡ij Rvg‡k` XvKvi wgicyi weª‡Ri Kv‡Q
A‡c¶gvY fviZxq ‡gRi ‡Rbv‡ij MÜe bvMivi Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡ib| fviZxq wgÎevwnbx I e½exi Kv‡`i wmwÏKx mKvj 10.40
wgwb‡U XvKv bMix‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡ib ex‡ii ‡e‡k, gv_v DuPy K‡i| ‡gRi ‡Rbv‡ij bvMiv I Kv‡`i wmwÏKxi ‡bZ…‡Z¡ wgÎevwnbx I
gyw³evwnbx XvKvq cÖ‡ek Kivi K‡qK wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨B fviZxq ‡j, ‡Rbv‡ij R¨vKe ‡nwjKÞv‡i XvKvq ‡c․uQvb| ‡Rbv‡ij G.G.‡K.
wbqvRx Zvu‡K wegvb e›`‡i Af¨_©bv Rvbvb| AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi `wjj ‣Zwi nq| we‡Kj 4Uv bvMv` m`je‡j XvKv ‡c․uQvb| wgÎevwnbxi
c~e©vÂj cÖavb ‡j. ‡Rbv‡ij RMwRr wms A‡iviv| G w`b we‡Kj 4.31 wgwb‡U cvwK¯Ívwb ‡mbvevwnbxi B÷vb© KgvÛ-Gi AwabvqK ‡j.
‡Rbv‡ij G.‡K. wbqvRx cÖvq 93 nvRvi ‣mb¨ I A¯¿k¯¿mn XvKvi igbvi ‡im‡Kvm© ev ‡Nvo‡`․o gq`v‡b (eZ©gv‡bi ‡mvnivIqv`©x
D`¨vb) †mbvevwnbxi B÷vb© ‡Rv‡bi Z_v ‡h․_ evwnbxi c«avb ‡j. ‡Rbv‡ij RMwRr wms Av‡ivivi wbKU AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡ib|
 P~ovšÍ weRq: 16 wW‡m¤^i, 1971 (2 iv ‡c․l, 1378) ‡ivR e„n¯úwZevi, weKvj 4 Uv|
 ¯’vb: XvKvi ‡im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b (eZ©gv‡b ‡mvnivIqv`©x D`¨vb)|
 cvwK¯Ívb evwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©Y: ‡h․_ evwnbxi Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©YKvix ‣mb¨: 91,634 Rb (cÖPwjZ: 93 nvRvi)|
 1971 mv‡j cvwK¯Ív‡bi AvZ¥mgc©Y `wjjwUi wk‡ivbvg wQj Instrument of Surrender.
 AvZ¥mgc©Y `wj‡j ¯^v¶i K‡ib: 2 Rb| h_v- (1) wgÎevwnbxi fvi‡Zi c‡¶: ‡j. ‡Rbv‡ij RMwRr wms A‡iviv (2)
cvwK¯Ív‡bi c‡¶: Avwgi Ave`yjøvn Lvb wbqvRx|
 evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib: G. ‡K. L›`Kvi|
gyw³hy‡× e„nr kw³e‡M©i f~wgKv
 fvi‡Zi f‚wgKv: evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× mivmwi mg_©b Rvbvq cÖwZ‡ekx ivóª fviZ| `xN© bq gvm cvwK¯Ívwb `Lj`vi evwnbx †h
bviKxq MYnZ¨v, jyÉb I aŸsmhÁ Pvjvq fviZ Zv wek^evmxi wbKU mv_©Kfv‡e Zz‡j a‡i| gyw³hy‡×i mgq evsjv‡`‡ki
98,99,305 kiYv_©x‡K †mevhZœ Kivq Bw›`iv MvÜx‡K hxï Lªx‡ói Kv‡Ri mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb gv`vi †Z‡imv| hyw³hy‡×i mgq
fvi‡Zi hyMvšÍi, Avb›`evRvi, Ag„Z evRvi, wn›`y¯Ívb UvBgm, ÷¨vÛvW© BZ¨vw` cwÎKv †mv”Pvi wQj| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i †kl
ch©v‡q A_©vr 6 wW‡m¤^i fviZ evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i| gyw³hy‡×i mgq fvi‡Zi mn‡hvwMZvi me‡P‡q †kÖô w`K wQj
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i cÖwkÿY †`qv|
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 23
 gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi f‚wgKv: evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i mgq Av‡gwiKvq miKvwi bxwZ wQj cvwK¯Ív‡bi c‡ÿ| cÖ_g w`‡K A¯¿ Ges
mg_©b w`‡q gvwK©b miKvi cvwK¯Ívb‡K mnvqZv K‡i| Z‡e wbR †`‡ki we‡ivax `‡ji Pv‡c gvwK©b miKvi fvi‡Z Ae¯’vbiZ
evOvwj kivYv_©x‡`iI mnvqZv w`‡qwQj| GKvˇii 3 wW‡m¤^i cvwK¯Ív‡bi m‡½ fvi‡Zi hy× ïiæi ci †_‡K hy³ivóª cÖPÐ fviZ-
we‡ivax I cvwK¯Ívb- †Nulv bxwZ AbymiY Ki‡Z _v‡K| ¯^fveZB Zv‡`i G f‚wgKv evsjv‡`‡ki wec‡ÿ hvq| G mgq hy³ivóª
cvwK¯Ívb‡K mg_©b ¯^iƒc 9 wW‡m¤^i, 1971 fvi‡Zi gnvmvM‡i Zv‡`i mßg †b․eni cvVvq| Gi cÖwZev‡` ivwkqv Aóg †b․eni
cvVv‡j mßg †b․eni †diZ hvq|
 cvwK¯Ív‡bi civR‡qi gy‡L hy× weiwZ NwU‡q Avgv‡`i gyw³hyׇK fÐzj Ki‡ZI RvwZms‡N K~U‣bwZK cª‡Pôv Pvjvq hy³ivóª| Z‡e
gvwK©b AvBbmfv Ks‡MÖm I wm‡b‡Ui A‡bK m`m¨, wewfbœ msev`cÎ, wkíx, mvwnwZ¨K, eyw×Rxex, ivRbxwZwe`mn cÖvq me©¯Í‡ii
gvwK©b RbMY evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i c‡ÿ f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|
 wbDBq‡K©i g¨vwWmb ¯‥qvi Mv‡W©b cÖv½‡b weªwUk wkíx RR© n¨vwimb I fvi‡Zi cwÐZ iwe ksKi 1 AvM÷, 1971 ÔKbmvU© di
evsjv‡`kÕ Av‡qvRb K‡i Zv †_‡K cÖvß A_© gywRebMi miKv‡ii Kv‡Q Zz‡j †`b|
 ‡mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi f‚wgKv: Avgv‡`i gyw³hy‡×i c‡ÿ ZrKvjxb †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi f‚wgKv wQj AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †mvwf‡qZ
BDwbqb cÖ_g †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i c‡ÿ f‚wgKv †i‡LwQj| GwcÖ‡ji ïiæ‡ZB †mvwf‡qZ †cÖwm‡W›U wb‡KvjvB
†cv`Mwb© evsjv‡`‡k MYnZ¨v eÜ Kivi Rb¨ †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv‡K wPwV †`b| GQvov, wZwb Bqvwnqv‡K RbM‡Yi cÖwZwbwa‡`i
Kv‡Q ÿgZv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ e‡jb| 3 iv wW‡m¤^i P‚ovšÍ hy× ïiæ n‡j †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb hy×weiwZ wejw¤^Z Kivi wm×všÍ MÖnY
K‡i| D‡Ïk¨ wQj †hb †h․_evwnbxi mvgwiK weR‡qi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq I my‡hvM cvq| GB evwnbx XvKv `Lj Kivi c~e© gyn~Z©
ch©šÍ †h‡Kv‡bv cÖKv‡i hy&×weiwZi c`‡ÿc‡K †VwK‡q ivLvB wbivcËv cwil‡` †mvwf‡q‡Zi †f‡Uv `v‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wQj| Zv‡`i G
D‡Ïk¨ mdj nq|
 Px‡bi f‚wgKv: c„w_exe¨vcx Avwac‡Z¨i jovB‡q abZvwš¿K Ges mgvRZvwš¿K wkwe‡ii we‡iva hLb ¯úó ZLb ivwkqvi µz‡ðf
cÖkvmb gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi mv‡_ kvwšÍc~Y© mnve¯’v‡bi bxwZ †NvlYv Ki‡j G‡K †K›`ª K‡i †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb I Px‡bi g‡a¨ we‡iva
m„wó nq| cieZ©x‡Z ivwkqvi cÖfve †VKv‡bvi Rb¨ PxbI GKB c‡_ cv evovq| gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi mv‡_ Pxb †Uwej †Uwbm K‚UbxwZi
gva¨‡g GKwU m¤úK© M‡o †bq| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi cÖwZ gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi f‚wgKvq Pxb cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÿ Aej¤^b K‡i|
GQvov, RvwZms‡N evsjv‡`‡ki m`m¨ c` jv‡f Pxb †f‡Uv †`q| Gfv‡e Px‡bi we‡ivaxZv evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxb nIqvi ciI `yÕwZb
eQi Ae¨vnZ wQj|
gyw³hy×Kvjxb wek^ †bZ…e„›`
‡`‡ki bvg ivóªcwZ cÖavbgš¿x ‡`‡ki bvg ivóªcwZ cÖavbgš¿x
fviZ eivnwMwi †f¼U wMwi kÖxgwZ Bw›`iv MvÜx weª‡Ub - GWIqvW© wn_
hy³ivóª wiPvW© wb·b - Pxb - ‡P․ Gb-jvB
‡mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb wb‡KvjvB c`‡Mvwb© Av‡j·&B †KvwmwMwb  RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwPe-D_v›U

gyw³hy‡×i we‡ivaxZvKvix AvÂwjK msMVb

 4 GwcÖj, 1971 Rbve byiæj Avwg‡bi ‡bZ…‡Z¡ Aa¨vcK †Mvjvg AvRg I LvRv L‡qiDÏxb
†Rbv‡ij wU°v Lv‡bi mv‡_ mvÿvr K‡i me©cÖ_g ivR‣bwZK mn‡hvwMZvi Avk^vm cÖ`vb K‡ib
kvwšÍ KwgwU
Ges bvMwiK KwgwU MV‡bi cÖ¯Íve †ck K‡ib|
 9 GwcÖj, 1971 XvKvq 140 m`m¨ wb‡q ÔXvKv bvMwiK kvwšÍ KwgwUÕ MwVZ nq|
 1971 mv‡ji †g gv‡m gvIjvbv G †K Gg BDm~‡di †bZ…‡Z¡ 96 Rb Kg©x wb‡q Lyjbv Avbmvi
K¨v‡¤ú GB evwnbx MwVZ nq|
ivRvKvi evwnbx
 GB evwnbxi †gvU m`m¨ msL¨v wQj 50,000|
 cvwK¯Ívb †mbvewnbxi cÖavb mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e G evwnbx `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i|
 Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi QvÎ msMVb QvÎms‡Ni m`m¨‡`i wb‡q 1971 Gi AvM÷ gv‡m gqgbwms‡n
G evwnbx MwVZ nq|
Avje`i evwnbx
 m¤ú~Y© ag©xq Av`‡k©i Ace¨envi K‡i GB evwnbx MVb I Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq| eyw×Rxex
nZ¨vKvÐ NUv‡bv GB evwnbxi Kvh©vewji Ab¨Zg|
24 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
 cvwK¯Ívb miKvi ewnwe©k^‡K weåvšÍ Kvivi Rb¨ mvgwiK Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij wU°v Lvb‡K mwi‡q Zvi
RvqMvq †emvgwiK e¨w³ Wv. Ave`yj †gvZv‡je gvwjK‡K Mfb©i wbhy³ K‡ib|
Wv. gvwjK gwš¿mfv  Zvi †bZ…‡Z¡ 17 †m‡Þ¤^i, 1971 gyw³hy× we‡ivax Z_vKw_Z †emvgwiK miKvi MwVZ nq|
 10 m`m¨wewkó gvwjK gwš¿mfv evOvwji gyw³hy‡×i weiæ‡× AeZxY© nq| 14 wW‡m¤^i G miKvi
c`Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nq|
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i †LZve
¯^vaxbZv hy×Kv‡j ev cieZ©x mg‡q wewfbœ BDwbU, †m±i, weª‡MW †_‡K cvIqv †LZv‡ei Rb¨ mycvwikmg~n Gqvi fvBm gvk©vj G.‡K
L›`Kv‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU KwgwU Øviv wbixÿv Kiv nq| Gici 1973 mv‡ji 14 wW‡m¤^i cÖwZiÿvgš¿x wn‡m‡e cÖavbgš¿x e½eÜz †kL
gywReyi ingvb †LZve ZvwjKvq ¯^vÿi K‡ib| 1973 mv‡ji 15 wW‡m¤^‡ii c~‡e© wbe©vwPZ mKj gyw³‡hv×v‡K †LZve cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
me©‡gvU †LZve cÖ`vb  673 Rb‡K (gyw³hy‡× exi‡Z¡i Rb¨ 672 Rb)
 exi‡kÖô- 7 Rb
 exiDËg - 68 Rb (gyw³hy‡× exi‡Z¡i Rb¨ 67 Rb)
exiZ¡m~PK Dcvwamg~n cÖ`vb
 exiweµg - 174 Rb
 exicÖZxK - 424 Rb
 evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv m¤§vbbv - 1 Rb (BwÜiv MvÜx‡K)
we‡`wk eÜz‡`i cÖ`Ë m¤§vbbv  evsjv‡`k gyw³hy× m¤§vbbv- 15 Rb
 evsjv‡`k •gÎx m¤§vbbv- 312 Rb I 10 wU msMVb
 K¨v‡Þb Wv. †mZviv †eMg, exicÖZxK (2bs †m±i)
exicÖZxK †LZvecÖvß gwnjv
 Zvivgb wewe, exicÖZxK (11 bs †m±i)
GKgvÎ †LZvecÖvß PvKgv Avw`evmx bvMwiK  BD †K wPs (exiweµg)
we‡`wk ‡LZve cÖvß (exicÖZxK) gyw³‡hv×v  WweøD G Gm IWvij¨vÛ (Rb¥ †b`vij¨vÛ, bvMwiK A‡÷ªwjqvi)
gyw³‡ewU bv‡g cwiwPZ  KvuKb wewe; Zvui Avmj bvg- KvuKvZ †nwbbwPZv (Lvwmqv m¤úª`vq)
me©Kwbô (12 eQi) †LZvecÖvß gyw³‡hv×v  knx`yj Bmjvg (exicÖZxK), 11 bs †m±‡i hy× K‡ib|
 me©‡kl †LZvecÖvß exiDËg weª‡MwWqvi †Rbv‡ij Rvwgj Avn‡g` (K‡b©j Rvwgj bv‡gB cwiwPZ)| wZwb 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷
evsjv‡`‡ki ZrKvjxb ivóªcwZ RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi †`niÿx wn‡m‡e KZ©e¨iZ Ae¯’vq wbnZ nb| wZwb
gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY bv Ki‡jI 15 AvM÷, 1975 G ex‡ivwPZ f‚wgKvi Rb¨ 2010 mv‡j miKvi Zvu‡K gi‡YvËi ÔexiDËgÕ
†LZv‡e f‚wlZ K‡ib| gyw³hy‡× exi‡Z¡i Rb¨ †LZvecÖvß exiDËg 67 Rb| wKš‘ †gvU †LZvecÖvß exiDËg 68 Rb|
 RvwZi wcZvi AvZ¥¯^xK…Z I g„Zz¨`ÐcÖvß Pvi Lywbi gyw³hy‡×i †LZve evwZj K‡i‡Q miKvi| G wel‡q 6 Ryb, 2021 mv‡j
cÖÁvcb Rvwi K‡i gyw³hy×welqK gš¿Yvjq| hv‡`i †LZve evwZj Kiv n‡q‡Q Zviv n‡jv- †j. K‡b©j kwidzj nK Wvwjg
(exiDËg, †M‡RU bs 25), †j. K‡b©j Gm GBP Gg we b~i †P․ayix (exiweµg, †M‡RU bs 90), †j. G Gg iv‡k` †P․ayix
(exicÖZxK, †MRU bs 267) Ges bv‡qK my‡e`vi †gvm‡jg DwÏb Lvb (exicÖZxK, †M‡RU bs 329)|
exi‡kÖô‡`i cwiPq
 Rb¥/Rb¥¯’vb: 29 A‡±vei, 1941, †gveviK jR 109 Avmv`‡MU †ivW, XvKv| •cZ…K wbevm:
ivqcyiv, biwms`x|
d¬vBU †jd‡Ub¨v›U gwZDi  Kg©¯’j: wegvbevwnbx
ingvb  kwn` nb: 20 AvM÷, 1971; fviZxq mgx‡šÍi we›`vMÖv‡gi _vÆvq|
 ‡M‡RU bs: 05
 mgvwnZ: cÖ_‡g gvmiæi wegvb NvuwU, KivwP, cvwK¯Ívb| c‡i wgicyi kwn` eyw×Rxex Kei¯’vb, XvKv|
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 25
 Rb¥/Rb¥¯’vb: 7 gvP©, 1949; iwngMÄ, AvMicyi, eveyMÄ, ewikvj|
 Kg©¯’j: †mbvevwnbx|
 kwn` nb: 14 wW‡m¤^i, 1971; †invBPi, PvucvBbeveMÄ|
K¨v‡Þb gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi
 hy‡×i †m±i: 7bs †m±i (PvucvBbeveMÄ)|
 ‡M‡RU bs- 01
 mgvwnZ: †QvU †mvbv gmwR`, wkeMÄ, PvucvBbeveMÄ|
 Rb¥/Rb¥¯’vb: 2 †deªæqvwi, 1953; Wzwgwiqv, Pvcov, PweŸkciMbv (†`kfv‡Mi ci c~e©e‡½ G‡m
Lyjbv †Rjvi Lvwjkcy‡ii N‡iv`vq ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm ïiæ K‡ib)
 Kg©¯’: †mbvevwnbx|
wmcvnx †gvnv¤§` nvwg`yi  kwn` nb: 28 A‡±vei, 1971; ajB, KgjMÄ, †g․jfxevRvi|
ingvb  hy‡×i †m±i 4bs †m±i (†g․jfxevRvi)|
 ‡M‡RU bs- 02
 mgvwnZ: cÖ_‡g nvwZgvivQov, Avgevmv, ajB, wÎcyiv| c‡i wgicyi kwn` eyyw×Rxex Kei¯’vb,
XvKv|
 Rb¥/Rb¥¯’vb; 16 wW‡m¤^i, 1947; cwðg nvRxcyi, †`․jZLvb, †fvjv|
 Kg©¯’j: †mbvevwnbx|
wmcvnx †gvnv¤§` †gv¯Ídv  kwn` nb: 18 Gwcªj, 1971; `iæBb, AvLvDov, eªvþYevwoqv|
Kvgvj  hy‡×i †m±i: 2 bs †m±i (eªvþYevwoqv)|
 ‡M‡RU bs- 03
 mgvwnZ: `iæBb, AvLvDov, eªvþYevwoqv|
 Rb¥/Rb¥¯’vb: 26 †deªæqvwi, 1936; gwnl‡Lvjv, PwÐeicyi, bovBj|
 Kg©¯’j: BwcAvi
j¨vÝ bv‡qK b~i †gvnv¤§`  kwn` nb: 5 †m‡Þ¤^i, 1971; h‡kv‡ii †MvqvjnvwU MÖv‡g|
†kL  hy‡×i †m±i: 8 bs †m±i (h‡kvi)|
 ‡M‡RU bs: 07
 mgvwnZ: Kvwkcyi, kvk©v, h‡kvi|
 Rb¥/Rb¥¯’vb: Ryb, 1935; evNPvcov, †`DwU, †mvbvBgywo, †bvqvLvjx|
 Kg©¯’j: †b․evwnbx|
BwÄbiæg AvwU©wdmvi iænj  kwn` nb: 10 wW‡m¤^i, 1971; Lyjbv (iƒcmv b`x‡Z)|
Avwgb  hy‡×i †m±i: 10 bs †m±i (†b․evwnbx)
 ‡M‡RU bs: 04
 evMgviv, iƒcmv, Lyjbv|
 Rb¥/Rb¥¯’vb: 8 †g, 1943; mvjvgZcyi (eZ©gvb iDd bMi), gayLvjx, dwi`cyi|
 Kg©¯’j: BwcAvi
 kwn` nb: 8 GwcÖj, 1971; ivOvgvwU †Rjvi bwbqvi Pi Dc‡Rjvi eywoNvU GjvKvi wPswo
j¨vÝ bv‡qK gyÝx Ave`yi
Lv‡ji cv‡o|
iDd
 hy‡×i †m±i: 1bs †m±i (ivOvgvwU)|
 ‡M‡RU bs: 06
 mgvwnZ: bwbqvi Pi, ivOvgvwU|
 mvZ Rb exi‡kÖô‡`i g‡a¨-
 ‡mbvevwnbxi- 3 Rb
 BwcAvi- 2 Rb
 ‡b․evwnbxi - 1 Rb
 wegvb evwnbxi - 1 Rb
 mvaviYZ †h b¤^i †m±‡i hy× K‡i‡Q Zvui Kei †mB †m±‡iB i‡q‡Q| e¨wZµg- exi‡kÖô gwZDi ingvb I exi‡kÖô nvwg`yi ingvb|
26 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
 7 Rb exi‡kÖ‡ô †K †Kvb †m±‡i hy× K‡i‡Qb g‡b ivLvi †UKwbK; AvR nvRv‡iv †gvg Gi b~i R¦‡j|
 AvR = Avãyi iDd (1)
 nv = nvwg`yi ingvb (4)
 Rv = Rvnv½xi (7)
 ‡iv= iænj Avwgb (10)
 ‡gv = †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj (2)
 g= gwZDi ingvb ( †Kv‡bv †m±‡i hy× K‡ibwb)
 b~i = b~i †gvnv¤§` (8)
 ‡m±i: 1, 4, 7, 10, 2, 0, 8 (evsjv‡`‡ki AvqZb GK jÿ 47 nvRvi mv‡_ wgj †i‡L Dc‡ii msL¨vwU †K g‡b ivL‡Z cv‡ib
1 †KvwU 47 jÿ 10 nvRvi 208)|
wewfbœ †`k KZ…©K evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ `vb
‡`‡ki bvg mgqKvj ‡`‡ki bvg mgqKvj
fzUvb (cª_g ¯^xK…wZ`vbKvix †`k) 6 wW‡m¤^i, 1971 Rvcvb 10 †deªæqvwi, 1972
fviZ 6 wW‡m¤^i, 1971 d«vÝ 14 †deªæqvwi, 1972
c~e© Rvg©vwb 11 Rvbyqvwi, 1972 KvbvWv 14 †deªæqvwi, 1972
†cvj¨vÛ 12 Rvbyqvwi, 1972 hy³ivóª 4 GwcÖj, 1972
gvqvbvgvi 13 Rvbyqvwi, 1972 eªvwRj 15 †g, 1972
‡mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb 24 Rvbyqvwi, 1972 BivK 8 RyjvB, 1972
A‡÷ªwjqv 31 Rvbyhvwi, 1972 cvwK¯Ívb 22 †deªæqvwi, 1974
‡m‡bMvj 1 †deªæqvwi, 1972 Bivb 22 †deªæqvwi, 1974
hy³ivR¨ 4 †deªæqvwi, 1972 Pxb 31 AvM÷, 1975
Aw÷ªqv 8 †deªæqvwi, 1972 †m․w` Avie 16 AvM÷, 1975
evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ `vbKvix cÖ_g †`kmg~n
¯^xK…wZ`vbKvix cÖ_g BD‡ivcxq/mgvRZvwš¿K †`k- c~e© Rvg©vwb| cÖ_g DËi Av‡gwiKvi †`k- eve©v‡Wvm|
cÖ_g Avie/ga¨cÖv‡P¨i †`k- BivK cÖ_g `wÿY Av‡gwiKvb †`k- †fwbRy‡qjv|
cÖ_g Abvie gymwjg/Avwd«Kvb gymwjg †`k- †m‡bMvj cÖ_g Gkxq gymwjg †`k- gvj‡qwkqv I B‡›`v‡bwkqv
cÖ_g cwðgv †`k- †MÖU weª‡Ub cÖ_g DcmvMixq †`k- Kz‡qZ
cÖ_g I‡kwbqvb †`k- †Uv½v
Abyl` mswkøó welqt cÖZœZË¡ welqK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖkœvejx
 cÖZœZ‡Ë¡¡i kvwãK A‡_©i e¨vL¨v Ki| AZxZ hy‡Mi gvbe e¨envh¨ `ªe¨ mvgMÖxi aŸsme‡kl cixÿv-wbixÿvi gva¨‡g †m hy‡Mi
gvby‡li mgxÿv ev Aa¨vqbB nj cÖZœZË¡|
 m‡µwUm †K wQ‡jb? weL¨vZ wMÖK `vk©wbK|
 be`jxq hyM wK?  be `jxq GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ hy‡M wewfbœ ai‡bi gvwUi cvÎ •Zix n‡Zv| K…wli Avwe®‥vi be `jxq hy‡Mi
GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq|
 Xv‡Kk¦ix gw›`i †Kv_vq Ges †Kb weL¨vZ?  XvKvi jvjev‡M Aew¯’Z| wn›`y‡`i Dcvmbvjq|
 D‡jøwLZ mb¸‡jv †Kb weL¨vZ, 1857, 1974?  1857: wmcvnx we‡`ªvn|1974: evsjv‡`‡k fqven `ywf©ÿ|
 †Kv_vq Ges †Kb cÖwm×, Kwcjve¯‘| wm×v‡_©i Rb¥¯’vb|
 e-Øxc wK?  b`xi †gvnbvi cwj R‡g evsjv ÔeÕ Gi b¨vq †h Øxc MwVZ nq, Zv‡K e-Øxc e‡j|
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 27
 †iW-BwÛqvb ej‡Z wK ey‡Sv? gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi iwK ce©Z I wg‡m․ix b`xi ga¨eZ©x ¯’v‡b emevmKvix RvwZ| Giv hy³iv‡óªi
Avw`g Awaevmx|
 †Piv cywÄ †Kv_vq Ges wK‡mi Rb¨ weL¨vZ?  fvi‡Z Aew¯’Z Ges c„w_exi me‡P‡q †ekx e„wócvZ nq, G Rb¨ weL¨vZ|
 Bqvs wkwKqvs wK Ges †Kv_vq?  GKwU b`x, Px‡b|
 ivp wK Ges †Kv_vq?  ZrKvjxb evsjvi Rbc`¸wji GKwU ivp AÂj| ivRkvnxi wKQz AÂj wb‡q Ae¯’vb wQj|
 nwi‡Kj Aew¯’Z? wm‡jU †Rjvq
 cÖevj MwVZ nq?  •RweK Dcv‡q
 AvwZqv gmwR` Aew¯’Z?  Uv½vB‡j
 be¨cÖ¯ÍihyM‡K becjxq wecøe e‡j‡Qb MW©b PvBÛ
 nwi‡bi •eÁvwbK bvg  mvwf©fvB|
 †jvnv Avwe®‥vi cÖ_‡g nq  Gwkqv gvBb‡i
 †cwiwK¬m wQ‡jb wMÖ‡mi ivRv
 me©cÖ_g mßvn‡K mvZ w`‡b fvM K‡i K¨vjWxqiv
 fvi‡Zi weܨ ce©Z GKwU ÿqRvZ ce©Z|
 Lwjdvev‡`i eZ©gvb Ae¯’vb ev‡Minv‡U
 Zvgv I wUb w`‡q cÖvPxb wgkixqiv •Zwi Ki‡Z wk‡L‡Qb  †eªvÄ
 kkv¼ †M․‡oi ¯^vaxb bicwZ nb  606 wLª.
 nl©ea©b AwacwZ wQ‡jb Kv‡b․R I _v‡bk¦‡ii
 cvj es‡ki cZb nq  GMvi kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS
 †M․‡oi Aci bvg n‡”Q  jÿYveZx
 †mvbviMuv‡q cÖ_g ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib  dLiDwÏb gyeviK kvn
 †iv‡Wkxq gvb‡ei †`nve‡kl cvIqv wM‡q‡Q  `wÿY Avwd«Kvq
 c¨vwciv‡mi D™¢e n‡q‡Q Px‡b
 evsjv‡`‡ki DËi c~e© w`‡K Aew¯’Z  wÎcyiv ivR¨
 MÖvdvBU n‡”Q GK ai‡bi  iƒcvšÍwiZ wkjv
 e-Øxc n‡”Q b`xi  mÂqRvZ f~wgiƒc
 f~Z¡‡Ki Dcv`vb  g¨vsMvwbR
 ivRkvnxi DËivsk, e¸ovi cwðgvsk, iscyi I w`bvRcy‡ii wKQz Ask wb‡q MwVZ  e‡i›`ªf~wg
 fvi‡Zi cwðg evsjvi cvÛzivRvi wWwe GKwU  be¨cÖ¯Íihy‡Mi c֯ͯ’j
 niàv mf¨Zvi gvbeemwZ¸‡jv cÖavb  cøveb mgf~wg A‡j Aew¯’Z wQj
 eªþcyÎ b`xi Drcw˯’j  •Kjvm ce©Z
 evsjv‡`‡ki Kzwgjøv †Rjvq Aew¯’Z  Avb›` wenvi
 cÖvPxb cÖ¯’i hyM‡K fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q  `yB fv‡M
 gvbe‡`‡ni cv‡qi nvo  wdgvi
 G‡Kk¦iev‡`i cÖ_g cÖPviK  wneªæiv
 SzjšÍ D`¨vb Aew¯’Z  e¨vwej‡b
 Kzmy¤^v gmwR` Aew¯’Z  bIMuv †Rjvq
 h‡kv‡i Aew¯’Z cÖZœ¯’j  evi evRvi
 Rxevk¦ R¡vjvbx n‡jv  cÖvK…wZK M¨vm
 mvaviY ZvcgvÎvq Zij _v‡K  cvi`
 Iqvì© †nwi‡U‡Ri AšÍfz©³  my›`ieb
 ‡fivi •eÁvwbK bvg  K¨civ BniKvm
28 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
 cybf©ev n‡”Q  gnvb›`vi Dcb`x
 gvby‡li •eÁvwbK bvg wK?  †nv‡gv m¨vwc‡qÝ
 Zÿkxjv †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z?  cvwK¯Ív‡b|
 nvqv‡ivwMøwdKm wK?  wgkixq‡`i wjLb c×wZ| GwU cÖZxK I wP‡ýi gva¨‡g †jLv nZ|
 K‡Kkxq wK?  GKwU biesk| Giv g~jZ DËi I `wÿY BD‡iv‡c emevm KiZ|
 Biv‡bi cÖvPxb bvg wK?  Biv‡bi cÖvPxb bvg cvim¨, cvim¨ GKwU cÖvPxb mf¨Zv|
 gwYcyix DcRvwZiv †Kv_vq evm K‡i?  gwYcyix DcRvwZiv wm‡jU †Rjvq evm K‡i|
 wm‡j‡U †Kvb cÖvPxb Rbc‡`i Ae¯’vb wQj?wm‡j‡U cÖvPxb †M․o Rbc‡`i Ae¯’vb wQj| †M․‡oi ÿgZvai ivRv wQ‡jb kkv¼|
 ‡mb es‡ki `yRb ivRvi bvg wjL| [Link]øvj †mb 2. jÿY †mb|
 Kzmy¤^v gmwR` †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z?  Kzmy¤^v gmwR` bIMuv †Rjvq gv›`v _vbvq ivRkvnx-bIMuv gnvmo‡Ki cv‡k Aew¯’Z|
 wnD‡qb mvs KLb GB Dcgnv‡`‡k Av‡mb?  nl©el©‡bi ivRZ¡Kv‡j Px‡b †`kxq weL¨vZ cwieªvRK wnD‡qb mvs Gi `xN©
†gqv`x (630-644 L„.) md‡i GB Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖvq me †`‡k ågY K‡ib|
 †mvgcyi wenvi †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z?  †mvgcyi wenvi bIMuv †Rjvq Aew¯’Z| GwU ivRkvnx-e¸ov mxgvšÍeZ©x RvgvjMÄ †ij †÷kb
†_‡K 3 gvBj cwð‡g Aew¯’Z|
 †gvnv¤§` web Kvwmg KLb fviZ AvµgY K‡ib?  712 wLªt)|
 ¸iæbvbK †K wQ‡jb?  wkL a‡g©i cÖeZ©K| 1538 mv‡j ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib| wZwb cvwK¯Ív‡bi Awaevmx|
 nvwRMÄ `~M© †Kv_vq?  Puv`cyi †Rjvq Aew¯’Z GKwU _vbv m`‡i| avb, cvU I gwi‡Pi e¨emv‡qi Rb¨ weL¨vZ| GLv‡b GKwU
cvUKj Av‡Q|
 KvšÍRxq gw›`i †Kv_vq?  w`bvRcy‡i Aew¯’Z|
 AZxk `xc¼i †K wQ‡jb? wZeŸ‡Zi ivRvi Aby‡iv‡a †e․× ag©‡K `yb©xwZgy³ Kivi Rb¨ †h evOvwj hvb wZwbB n‡”Q AZxk `xc¼i|
 evev Av`g knx‡`i mgvwa †Kv_vq?  weµgcyi|
 ‣PwbK mf¨Zv †Kvb b`xi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z?  •PwbK mf¨Zv †nvqvs‡nv b`xi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z|
 wbiÿ‡iLv wK?  †h KvíwbK me©e„nr Aÿ‡iLv c„w_ex‡K c~e©-cwðg G †eób K‡i iv‡L Zv‡K wbiÿ‡iLv e‡j|
 ‡KvqvU©RvBU †Kvb ai‡bi wkjv †KvqvU©RvBU GwU iæcvšÍwiZ wkjv| †e‡j cv_i I Kb‡Møvgv‡iU iæcvšÍwiZ n‡q †KvqvU©RvBU G
cwiYZ nq| m¤¢eZ wkjvi g‡a¨B GwU AwaK †UKmB| GwU gm„Y I PKP‡K|
 m¨vi gvwU©gvi ûBjvi †K wQ‡jb?  GKRb weL¨vZ cÖZœZË¡we`|
 Avw`bv gmwR` Aew¯’Z cvÛyqvq|
 gqbvgwZ cÖZœ¯’jwU  †gNbvi Zx‡i|
 g‡½vjxq bi‡Mvôxi AwaKvs‡ki evm Gwkqvq|
 B‡jviv GKwU  ¸nv|
 bvj›`v Aew¯’Z  fvi‡Z|
 jvjevM †Kjøv Aew¯’Z  XvKvq|
 UvBevi b`xi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z mf¨Zv ‡ivg|
 gqgbwms‡n evm K‡i gyis DcRvwZ|
 cjvkxi hy× msNwUZ nq  1757 mv‡j|
 wcZ‡ji Dcv`vb  Zvgv I `¯Ív|
 b`xqv AvµgYKvix cÖ_g gymwjg †mbvcwZ eLwZqvi LjRx|
 gvbyl K…wli D™¢veb K‡i be¨ cÖ¯Íi hy‡M|
 wgkixq mf¨Zv †Kvb b`xi Zx‡i M‡o D‡VwQj?  bxj b`|
 f~ga¨mvM‡ii ZxieZ©x GKwU gnv‡`‡ki bvg BD‡ivc|
 jvjgvB †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z?  Kzwgjøv †Rjv|
 gnv¯’v‡bi cÖvPxb bvg wK?  cyÛªea©b|
 †mvgcyi wenvi †Kvb †Rjvq Aew¯’Z?  bIMuv|
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 29
 m¤ªvU A‡kvK Kvi †c․Î P›`ª¸ß †g․h©|
 †`e cv‡ji `v`vi bvg wK?  †Mvcvj|
 BD‡ivc QvovI ivwkqvi GKvsk †Kvb gnv‡`‡k c‡o‡Q?  Gwkqvq|
 cÖ_g wek¦hy× ïiæ nq KZ m‡b?  1914 Bs m‡b|
 AvjvDwÏb †nv‡mb kvn †Kvb †`‡ki myjZvb?  evsjvi|
 ‡e․×a‡g©i cÖwZôvZv †K?  †M․Zg ey×|
 evsjv‡`‡k 1991 mv‡j ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii cÖavb wQ‡jb kvnve DwÏb Avn‡g`|
 Be‡b eZzZv †Kvb †`‡ki Awaevmx wQ‡jb?  g‡iv‡°v|
 e‡i›`ª M‡elYv Rv`yNi †Kvb kn‡i Aew¯’Z?  ivRkvnx|
 gywRebMi miKv‡ii cÖavb gš¿xi bvg ZvRDwÏb Avn‡g`|
 Av‡e¯Ív GKwU agx©q MÖš’|
 ivgvqY GKwU  gnvKve¨
 †n‡iv‡WvUvm GKRb MÖxK HwZnvwmK|
 ¸iæ bvbK †Kvb a‡g©i cÖeZ©K?  wkL a‡g©i|
 cvwb c‡_i cÖ_g hy× msMwVZ nq 1526 m‡b|
 AvwZqv gmwR` Aew¯’Z Uv½vBj †Rjvq|
 cviwmK mf¨Zv M‡o D‡V  Gwkqv gnv‡`‡k|
 evev Av`g knx‡`i mgvwa Aew¯’Z  weµgcyi|
 Avb›` wenvi Aew¯’Z  Kzwgjøvq|
 AvKe‡ii `iev‡ii Ab¨Zg beiZœ  wgqv Zvb‡mb|
 Dwol¨vi cÖvPxb bvg  Kwj½|
 wbqvÛviLvj gvb‡ei dwmj cvIqv wM‡q‡Q Rvg©vwb‡Z|
 e¨vmë n‡”Q  Av‡Mœqwkjv|
 Gwkqv gnv‡`‡ki Dˇi Aew¯’Z  DËi gnvmvMi|
 fvi‡Zi `wÿ‡Y Aew¯’Z  kÖxj¼v|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cwðgv‡j Aew¯’Z ‡g‡nicyi|
 MÖxwbP kn‡ii Ici w`‡q my‡giæ †_‡K Kz‡giæ ch©šÍ Uvbv KwíZ †iLvi bvg  g~jga¨‡iLv|
 f~Z¡‡Ki Dcv`vb g¨v½vwbR|
 Av‡Mœqwkjv n‡”Q  MÖvbvBU|
 Puv`cy‡ii wbKU cÙvi m‡½ wg‡k‡Q  †gNbv|
 evsjv‡`‡ki c~‡e©  fviZ I gvqvbgvi|
 muvPx¯‘c ¯§„wZ enb K‡i  cÖvPxb hy‡Mi|
 evwgqvb Aew¯’Z  AvwdMvwb¯Ív‡b|
 KvšÍRxi gw›`i GKwU  wn›`y gw›`i|
 cÖvPxb cvbvgbMi †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z?  †mvbviMuvI|
 mgZU Rbc` wQj  Kzwgjøvq|
 wf‡±vwiqv cv‡K©i eZ©gvb bvg  evnv`yi kvn cvK©|
 cÖ_g PvKv Avwe®‥vi nq  be¨cÖ¯Íi hy‡M|
 wùsm wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q †Kv_vq?  wgk‡i|
 wMjMv‡gk gnvKve¨ wjwLZ nqmy‡g‡i|
 wgkixq mf¨Zvi †`eZvi bvg  Avûivg Rv`v|
 KvR©b nj †Kvb Avg‡ji ¯’vcZ¨?  e„wUk Avg‡ji|
30 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
 AZxk `xc¼‡ii Rb¥f~wg evsjv‡`ki weµgcy‡i|
 ag©¸iæ wg_ªvm wQ‡jb  cvm©xq|
 †gv‡mc‡Uwgqvi Ae¯’vb  Biv‡K|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖevj Øxc  †m›UgvwU©b|
 †¯^vcvwR©Z ¯^vaxbZv fv¯‥‡h©i wbg©vZv kvgxg wkK`vi|
 Imgvbx ¯§„wZRv`yNi Aew¯’Z  wm‡jU|
 RvZxq cZvKvi bKkv •Zwi K‡ib Kvgiæj nvmvb|
 AvB‡dj UvIqvi Aew¯’Z  c¨vwi‡m|
 cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi wjwc L‡ivôx|
 m¤ªvU `vwiD‡mi ivRZ¡ wQj  cvi‡m¨|
 ‡mb hy‡Mi mgv‡Ri cÖ_g ¯Í‡i wQjeªvþbiv|
 †b·KvYvq emevmKvix Avw`evmx nvRs|
 Px‡bi AwaKvsk gvbyl g‡½vj‡qW|
 gvPz-wcPz †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z?  †ciæ|
 ¯^vaxb †M․o iv‡R¨i ivRv †K wQ‡jb?  kkv¼|
 Kwe nvwd‡Ri mv‡_ cÎ †hvMv‡hvM wQj myjZvb AvRg mv‡ne|
 BwZnv‡mi RbK †K?  †n‡iv‡WvUvm|
 evsjv‡`‡ki wek¦ cÖvK…wZK HwZn¨ my›`ieb|
 evsjv‡`‡ki me©cÖ_g B‡KvcvK© †KvbwU?  mxZvKzÛ|
 Lv‡Rjx `xwN Aew¯’Z  ev‡MinvU
 evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q eo C‡`i RvgvZ †Kv_vq Abyw&ôZ nq| wK‡kviMÄ|
 bIMuv A‡ji cÖvPxb †e․× ms¯‥…wZi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †K›`ª cvnvocyi †e․×wenvi|
 mydx myjZvb iæwgi mgvwa †Kv_vq?  wm‡jU|
 nvB‡WjevM© gvbyl †Kvb hy‡M evm KiZ?  cÖZœcÖ¯‘i hy‡M|
 weaev weevn cÖPj‡b cÖavb f~wgKv †i‡LwQ‡jbivRv ivg‡gvnb I Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi|
 mbœ¨vmx Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZv wQ‡jb  fevbx cvVK|
 AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv KZ mv‡j Kiv nq?  Rvbyqvwi, 1968 mvj|
 my›`ie‡bi 3wU cÖavb Dw™¢‡`i bvg wjL| 1. †MvjcvZv, 2. Mivb, 3. †MIqv|
 AvB‡mvevi wK?  hw` `yBwU cigvYyi fi GKB wKš‘ cvigvYweK †cÖvUb msL¨v wfbœ nq, Zvn‡j H cigvYy؇qi G‡K Ac‡ii
AvB‡mvevi ejv nq|
 fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi m~ÎcvZ nq K‡e?  1947 mv‡j|
 †n‡iv‡WvUv‡mi Rb¥ wMÖ‡m|
 cy‡ivcjxq hy‡M gvbyl wQj hvhvei|
 †n‡jwbw÷K ms¯‥…wZi g~j †K›`ª wQj Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvq|
 ivgmvMi Aew¯’Z  w`bvRcy‡i|
 jv½je‡›` cyY¨¯œvb K‡ib Kviv?  wn›`yiv|
 mydx evev Av`g kvnxi mgvwa †Kv_vq?  e¸ov
 gyw³hy‡×i mg‡q evsjv‡`k KqwU †m±‡i wef³ wQj?  11wU|
 dwKi Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZv †K wQ‡jb?  gRby kvn|
 AvBqye kvmb Avg‡j MYAfz¨Ìvb msNwUZ KZ m‡b?  1969 m‡b|
 Wzivjywgb GKwULwbR|
 gvby‡li nv‡Zi Aw¯’i bvg wK?  wnD‡givm|
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 31
 Kvi †bZ…‡Z¡ evsjv‡`k wegvb evwnbx MwVZ nq?  G. †K. L›`Kvi|
 mgy`ª hvÎvi m¤ú‡K© mvgvwRK Kzms¯‥vi `~i K‡ib †K?  ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq|
 †K mZx`vn cÖ_v iwnZ K‡ib?  jW© †ew›U¼|
 M½v b`x †h mvM‡i c‡o‡Q e‡½vcmvMi|
 niàv †h †`‡ki cÖZœ¯’j  cvwK¯Ívb|
 ivRkvnx kni †Kvb b`xi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z?  cÙv b`x|
 †Kvb b`x Ab¨ b`x †_‡K Drcbœ n‡j cÖ_‡gv³ b`x‡K e‡j kvLv b`x|
 gv‡e©j †h †kÖYxi wkjvi AšÍM©Z iƒcvšÍwiZ wkjv|
 welye‡iLvi mgvšÍiv‡j KwíZ †iLv‡K Aÿ †iLv|
 ‡Mvjvb gvjf~wg †hLv‡b Aew¯’Z  wmwiqv|
 KvÂb RsNv †h ce©‡Zi k„½ wngvjq|
 eZ©gvb XvKv †h cÖvPxb Rbc‡` Aew¯’Z  e½ Rbc`|
 ‡mb es‡ki cÖwZôvZvi bvg ‡ngšÍ †mb|
 Kzlvb es‡ki †kÖô ivRvi bvg Kvwb¯‥|
 †e` †h a‡g©i MÖš’ wn›`y ag©|
 †QvU †mvbv gmwR` †h †Rjvq Aew¯’Z| PuvcvBbeveMÄ|
 gvûqvb †h †`‡ki Avwaevwm Pxb|
 evsjvi GKRb evi fu~Bqvi bvg Cmv Luv|
 wmÜz mf¨Zvi Ae`vb wgki|
 eªvþx †h †`‡ki wjwc Zvi bvg fviZ|
 ¸ß‡`i ivRavbxi bvg cvUvwjcyÎ|
 evsjvq myjZvwb hy‡Mi mgqKvj 1338-1538|
 Av‡jKRvÛvi fvi‡Z AvMgb K‡ib wLª: c~e© 327 kZ‡K|
 †ivgvb mf¨Zvi GKRb †`e/‡`ex wUwbqv|
 GKwU gvZ…cÖavb Avw`evwmi bvg Mv‡iv|
 ivLvBb b„-‡Mvôx †Kvb †Rjvq evm K‡i?  cUzqvLvjx|
 weRy Drme Kx?  PvKgv‡`i el©eiY Abyôvb|
 †iwWI †K Avwe®‥vi K‡ib?  gvK©bx|
 gvby‡li •eÁvwbK bvg Homo Sepiens
 Ryg Pvl Kx?  cvnv‡oi Xv‡j Avw`evmxiv †h c×wZ‡Z Pvl K‡i|
 Rv`y‡Uvbv wK? Ab¨‡K ek Kiv ev A‡b¨i ÿwZ Kivi Rb¨ AwZ gvbweK Kvh©µg|
 g‡½vwjq‡`i 2wU •ewkó¨ wjL| [Link]‡qi is nj‡`‡U, 2. gv_v †MvjvKvi|
 evZv‡mi cÖavb `ywU Dcv`vb Kx Kx?  Aw·‡Rb I bvB‡Uªv‡Rb|
 d‡Uvwmb‡_wUm ej‡Z Kx †evS?  ‡h cÖwµqvq Dw™¢` m~‡h©i Av‡jv I †K¬v‡ivwd‡ji Dcw¯’wZ‡Z evZv‡mi Kve©b WvB A·vBW I
cvwbi mvnv‡h¨ Lv`¨ •Zwi K‡i Zv‡K d‡Uvwmb‡_wmm ev mv‡jvKms‡kølY e‡j|
 RvjvjywÏb gynv¤§` kv‡ni wcZv †Kvb a‡g©i Abymvwi wQ‡jb?  wn›`y ag©|
 m¤úªwZ c„w_exi me‡P‡q Kv‡Q †Kvb MÖnwU G‡mwQj?  g½j|
 GKB e¯‘i IRb c„w_ex‡Z †ekx bv Puv‡`? c„w_ex‡Z|
 eQ‡ii e„nËg w`b †KvbwU 21 Ryb|
 evsjv‡`‡k emevmKvix wZbwU b„-‡Mvôxi bvg [Link], [Link], 3. Mv‡iv|
wb¤œwjwLZ mgvR¸‡jv KvjvbyµwgKfv‡e mvwR‡q †jL:
32 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
abZvwš¿K mgvR, `vmZvwš¿K mgvR, mvgšÍZvwš¿K mgvR|
`vmZvwš¿K mgRv, mvgšÍZvwš¿K mgvR, abZvwš¿K mgvR|
 evj¨weevn cÖ_v Kx?  †Kvb mgv‡R hw` †Q‡j †g‡q‡K mvevwjK nevi c~‡e©B weevn †`evi cÖ_v †_‡K _v‡K, Z‡e H cÖ_v †K
evj¨weevn cÖ_v e‡j|
 lvU M¤^yR gmwR` †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z? lvU M¤^yR gmwR` 15Õk kZ‡Ki GKwU BmjvwgK ¯’vcZ¨| GwU my›`ie‡bi K~j †N‡l,
ev‡MinvU †Rjvq Aew¯’Z| Gi wekvj GjvKv Ry‡o Qwo‡q Av‡Q AmsL¨ gymwjg ¯’vcZ¨|
cÖZœZË¡ wK welq wb‡q PP©v K‡i? gvbe m¤úwK©Z welq|
 DÌvb, weKvk I cZb wK‡mi BwZnv‡mi AeavwiZ m~Î?  mf¨Zvi|
 ‡µvg¨vwbqb gvby‡li Rxevk¥ cÖ_g Avwe®‥…Z nq †Kvb †`‡k?  d«vÝ|
 wkí wecøe msMwVZ n‡qwQj KZ mv‡j?  1760 mv‡j|
 2019 wµ‡KU wek¦Kvc AbywôZ n‡e †Kvb †`‡k?  Bsj¨vÛ|
 wd‡Wj K¨v‡÷ªv wQ‡jb wKDevi †bZv|
 c„w_exi e„nËg n«` †KvbwU?  Kvw¯úqvb mvMi|
 Avw`bv gmwR` †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z?  wenvi cÖ‡`‡k|
 A¨v‡mixqiv wK RvwZ wQj?  ‡hv×v RvwZ|
 e½-f½ i` nq KZ mv‡j?  1911 mv‡j|
 bwjbxKvšÍ fÆkvjx wQ‡jb cÖZœZvwË¡K|
 K‡W©vfv †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z?  ‡¯ú‡b|
 e¸ov kni †Kvb b`xi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z?  Ki‡Zvqv|
 gvbe †`‡n nv‡oi msL¨v KqwU?  206wU|
 ‡mvbviMuvI †Kvb mg‡q evsjvi ivRavbx wQj?  ‡gvNj Avg‡j|
 gyw³hy‡×i GKRb exi‡kÖ‡ôi bvg wjL| d¬vBU †jd‡Ub¨v›U gwZDi ingvb|
 MÖvbvBU †Kvb wkjvi AšÍM©Z?  Av‡Mœqwkjv|
 divmx wecøe KLb msNwUZ n‡qwQj?  1789-1799 mv‡j|
 e¸ov †Kvb cÖvPxb Rbc‡`i AšÍfz©³ wQj?  cyÛª Rbc‡`i|
 gvw›` Avw`evwm‡`i evm¯’vb †Kv_vq?  e„nËg gqgbwmsn I mybvgMÄ †Rjvq|
 eªþcyÎ b‡`i Drcw˯’j †Kv_vq?  wngvjq ce©‡Zi gvbm m‡ive‡i|
 GKRb cÖvPxb †ivgvb `vk©wb‡Ki bvg wjL| †m‡bKv|
 hgybvi GKwU kvLv b`xi bvg wjL| a‡jk¦ix|
 B‡jviv †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z?  `wÿY fvi‡Zi gnviv‡óª|
 msk߇Ki fv¯‥i †K?  nvwg`y¾vgvb Lvb|
 Av`©ªZv wbY©q h‡š¿i bvg Kx?  nvB‡WªvwgUvi
 LwbR Kx?  GK ev GKvwaK †g․wjK c`v_© wg‡j hv •Zix K‡i|
 ‡gvnbv Kx?  b`x †hLv‡b mvM‡i wg‡k †m ¯’vb‡K †gvnbv e‡j|
 evsjvi GKRb myjZv‡bi bvg wjL| dLiæÏxb †gveviK kvn|
 cÖvPxb wgk‡ii wjwci bvg wjL| nvqv‡ivwMÖwdK|
 bvgvR †Kvb fvlvi kã dvimx|
 mvgšÍZvwš¿K mgv‡Ri m‡e©v”P wkL‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i †Kvb `yB †kÖYx?  kvmK I mvgšÍ †kÖYx|
 eQ‡ii ÿz`ªZg w`b 22‡k wW‡m¤^i|
 fvMxiw_ b`x †h mvM‡i c‡o‡Q Zvi bvg wK?  e‡½vcmvMi|
 g‡n‡Äv`v‡iv †h †`‡ki cÖZœ¯’j †m †`‡ki bvg cvwK¯Ívb|
 e¸ov kni †h b`xi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z Zvi bvg Ki‡Zvqv|
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 33
 ‡Kvb b`x Ab¨ b`x †_‡K Drcbœ n‡j cÖ_‡gv³ b`x‡K e‡j kvLv b`x|
 Kwó cv_i †kÖYxi wkjvi AšÍM©Z †Kvb wkjv?  Av‡Mœq wkjv|
 gyj ga¨‡iLvi mgvšÍiv‡j KwíZ †iLv‡K e‡j `ªvwNgv †iLv|
 gvje gvj f~wg †Kvb †`‡k Aew¯’Z?  kÖxjsKv|
 eZ©gvb ivRkvnx †h cÖvPxb Rbc‡` Aew¯’Z  e‡i›`ª
 ¸ß es‡ki ivRvi bvg mgy`ª¸ß|
 Av‡e¯Ív †h a‡g©i MÖš
’ Ro_ªyóev`|
 evNv gmwR` †h †Rjvq Aew¯’Z  ivRkvnx|
 ‡mvgcyi wenvi †h †Rjvq Aew¯’Z  bIMuv|
 gv‡K©v-c‡jv †h †`‡ki Awaevmx BZvwj|
 wmÜz mf¨Zvi GKwU kni niàv
 wR¸ivZ †h mf¨Zvi Ae`vb my‡gixq|
 Zz‡ZbLv‡gb †h †`‡ki ivRv wgki|
 evsjvi gyNj hy‡Mi mgqKvj 1538-1717 wLªt|
 gynv¤§` web Kv‡mg fviZ AvµgY K‡ib 711 mv‡j
 wMÖK mf¨Zvi GKRb †`e/‡`exi bvgwRDm/G‡_bv|
 1827 mv‡j Bs‡iR‡`i weiæ‡× †K we‡`ªvn †NvlYv K‡ib?  wZZzgxi|
 gva¨vKl©Y kw³i cÖ_g Avwe®‥vi m¨vi AvBR¨vK wbDUb|
 dwi`cyi †Rjv cÖvPxb †Kvb Rbc‡`i AšÍM©Z?  e½ Rbc`|
 lvUM¤^yR gmwR` wbwg©Z n‡qwQj †Kvb hy‡M?  cÖvK †gvNj hy‡M|
 ‡iv‡Wkxq gvb‡ei Rxevk¥ cvIqv wM‡qwQj †Kvb gnv‡`‡k?  AvwdªKv gnv‡`‡k|
 wmsn‡ji eZ©gvb bvg wK?  kÖxjsKv|
 d«v‡Ý †Kvb ai‡bi mgf~wg Av‡Q?  cjjRvZ|
 iwK †Kvb †kÖYxi ce©Z?  fw½j|
 wbiÿ‡iLvi Dci GK GK wWMÖx AšÍi `ªvwNgv †iLv¸‡jv GK GKwU  Aÿ‡iLv|
 UvBUvwbqv †Kvb MÖ‡ni DcMÖn?  BD‡ibvm|
 c„w_ex wbR A‡ÿ †Kvb w`‡K AveZ©b K‡i?  c~e© †_‡K cwðg|
 KY©dzwj b`x †Kvb cvnvo †_‡K DrcwË n‡q‡Q?  Avmv‡gi jymvB cvnvo|
 Pzbv cv_i iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q wK‡m cwiYZ nq?  K¨vjwmqvg evB Kve©‡bU|
 a‡jk¦ix †Kvb b`xi kvLv?  eªþcyÎ-hgybv
 †`e es‡ki cÖwZôvZv wQ‡jb  kÖx LoM|
 kÖx P‡›`ªi wcZvi bvg  •Î‡jvK¨P›`ª|
 ivRv M‡b‡ki cy‡Îi bvg  h`y|
 KZ mv‡j dwKiMY Bs‡iR‡`i Dci nvgjv K‡i?  1763 mvj|
 ÔRx‡e †cÖg K‡i †hBRb †mBRb †mwe‡Q Ck¦iÕ-GB Dw³wU K‡ib  ¯^vgx we‡eKv›`|
 g¨vMwbdvBs Møvm Avwe®‥vi K‡ib nvmvb Be‡b nvBmvg|
 †bvqvLvjx cÖvPxb---- Rbc‡` Aew¯’Z| mgZU|
 eo KvUiv wbwg©Z n‡qwQj †Kvb hy‡M?  ‡gvNj (1664 mvj)|
mgvRweÁvb
 mgvRweÁv‡bi RbK - AMv÷ †Kvur
 mgvRweÁv‡bi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© M‡elYv‡ÿÎ-mgvRwPšÍv|
 ÒmgvRweÁvb nj mvgvwRK msMVb Ges mgvR cwieZ©‡bi weÁvb-‡Kvfv‡jf¯‥x Gi g‡Z|
34 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
 ÒSociology is an empirical science that studies society and social relations”Dw³wU-Neil J. Smelser Gi|
 ÒmgvRweÁvb mvgvwRK AvPiY Ges gvbe mgv‡Ri weÁvb wfwËK Aa¨qbÓ-Aa¨vcK ievU©m‡bi|
 “Sociology is the systematic and objective study of society and social behavior”-Dw³wU K‡i‡Qb-
David Popenoe (‡WwfW †cv‡c‡bv)|
 ÁvwZm¤úK© wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i-cwiev‡ii mgvRZË¡|
 Avmweqvi A_©-mvgvwRK msnwZ|
 `„óev‡`i cÖe³v-AMv÷ †Kuvr|
 mgvRweÁvb‡K •eÁvwbK we‡kølY K‡ib-Be‡b Lvj`yb|
 Religion of humanity-AMv÷ †Kuvr Gi aviYv|
 Theory of surplus value-Gi cÖe³v-gvK©m|
 ÒmgvR KvVv‡gv nj mgvR‡K iæcvqb K‡i Ggb cÖavb cÖavb mvgvwRK †Mvôx I Abyôvb cÖwZôv‡bi †h․wMK mgqÓ-Dw³wU
wRÝev‡M©i|
 mvgvwRKxKiY GKwU-AvRxeb cÖwµqv|
 Folkways are the recognised or accepted ways of behaving in society”Dw³wU K‡i‡Qb-g¨vKvBfvi|
 ÒOur culture is what we are, Our civilization is what we use”-Dw³wU-MacIver I Page.
 eû¯^vgxwfwËK cwiev‡ii ixwZ wQj-`wÿY fvi‡Zi †UvWv‡`i g‡a¨|
 AšÍ‡M©vÎ weevnwfwËK cwiev‡ii KviY nj-i‡³i weï×Zv I m¤úwËi DËivwaKvi eRvq ivLv|
 ¯^vgx-¯¿x Df‡qi ÿgZv mgvb-mgZvwfwËK cwiev‡i|
 wMÖK fvlvq ÔcwjwRwbÕ A_©-A‡bK gwnjv|
 ÔcwjqvbWªxÕA_©-eûcyiæl|
 †Kvb weaev gwnjvi m‡½ Zvi g„Z ¯^vgxi †h‡Kv‡bv fvB‡qi weevn‡K ejv nq-‡jwf‡qU weevn|
 ÒD”P-wbP †kÖwYi µgvbymv‡i msMwVZ RbmsL¨vi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb wewfbœZvB mvgvwRK ¯Íiweb¨vm Dw³wU-m‡ivwK‡bi|
 Ò†h †`‡k `vmcÖ_v †bB †m †`kwUB †Kvb bv †Kvb †`‡ki `vmÓ Dw³wU Gwi÷U‡ji|
 RvwZeY© e¨e¯’v e¨vcK-fviZxq mgv‡R|
 HwZn¨MZfv‡e Rb¥MZ †ckv cwieZ©b Kiv mnRmva¨ welq wQj bv-RvwZe‡Y©i|
 Òcwievi bvgK †`vjbv‡Z ivóª m„wó n‡q‡QÓ Dw³wU-g¨vKvBfv‡ii|
 †Uv‡Ug ej‡Z †evSvq-‡Kvb we‡kl MvQ ev cÖvYx|
 †Uv‡U‡g we¤úªvm i‡q‡Q-A‡÷ªwjqvq|
 GKwU m‡e©v”P kw³‡Z wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi K_v ejv nq-G‡Kk¦iev`x a‡g©|
 Ôgvbv Õ ej‡Z †evSvq-GKwU AwZcÖvK…Z kw³|
 wn›`y‡`i me‡P‡q eo †`eZv-eªþv|
 Bs‡iwR ÒDeviance” k‡ãi evsjv cÖwZkã nj-wePz¨wZ|
 ¯^vfvweK Ges Kvw•LZ AvPi‡Yi cwicš’x AvPiY nj-wePz¨wZ|
 †Kvb wKQzi Dci wb‡lavÁv ej‡Z eySvq-U¨vey‡K|
 mgvR‡K G‡Kev‡i Kíbv Kiv hvq bv-wbðj|
 mvgvwRK cwieZ©b ej‡Z-mgv‡Ri Af¨šÍ‡ii i`e`j|
 axiMwZ‡Z µg cwieZ©b‡K eySvq-weeZ©b|
 j¨vwUb kã Evolere ‡_‡K Bs‡iwR-Evolution k‡ãi DrcwË|
 Evolution Gi evsjv A_©-weeZ©b ev ms¯‥…wZ weKvk|
 mvs¯‥…wZK e¨eavb ZË¡wU-AMev‡b©i|
 Dictionary of Sociology MÖš’wU-DBwjqvg wc ¯‥‡Ui|
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 35
 Social Change‟ MÖš’wU-AMev‡b©i †jLv|
 „Progress‟ kãwU G‡m‡Q-Pro-gredio‟ ‡_‡K|
 Bs‡iwR ÔRace‟ kãwUi evsjv cwifvlv-b„‡Mvôx|
 RvwZ MV‡b †hme Dcv`vb `vqx-Race Zvi Ab¨Zg Dcv`vb|
 g‡½vj‡qW b„‡Mvôx cÖavbZ-ev`vgx is‡qi|
 GKB •`wnK AvK…wZ I •ewkó¨m¤úbœ †jv‡Ki mgwó‡K-ÔRace‟e‡j|
 gvbeRvwZ‡K g~jZ b„‡Mvôx-3 ai‡bi|
 K‡Kkxq‡`i GKwU Dc-b„‡Mvôx nj-Aóªvj‡qW|
 Gwkqv gvBbi I f~ga¨mvMixq A‡ji Awaevmxiv- †gwW‡Uivwbqvb|
 `wÿY fvi‡Zi Awaevmxiv- `ªvwei bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 DËi Av‡gwiKv I MÖxbj¨v‡Ûi Awaevmxiv-Gw·‡gv|
 wbDwMwbi mgy`ª ZxieZx© A‡ji Awaevmxiv-‡gjv‡bwkqvb|
 ev›Uz n‡jv `wÿY Avwd«Kv I c~e© Avwd«Kvi wbKUeZx© A‡ji Rb‡Mvôx|
 ÔLittle Negro‟ ejv nq- c„w_exi me‡P‡q LeKvh© 2 RvZxiv wcMgxbv‡g cwiwPZ|
 we‡k¦i me ai‡bi gvby‡li g‡a¨B i‡³i MÖæc i‡q‡Q-4 cÖKvi|
 eY©ev`x‡`i g‡Z DrK…ó-‡k¦ZKvqiv|
 eZ©gvb Pxbv g‡½vj‡qW MY DËicyiæl e‡j we‡ewPZ-wcwKs gvb‡ei|
 evsjv‡`‡ki Aw`evmx‡`i g‡a¨ cÖfve i‡q‡Q-Avw` A‡÷ªwjq‡`i|
 G‡`‡ki Avw`evmxiv wQj-`ªvweo fvlv-fvlx Rb‡Mvôxi|
 evOvwjiv g‡½vj-`ªvweo cÖfvweZ GK ksKi Rb‡Mvôx|
 Ae¯‘MZ ms¯‥…wZ nj-kÖ×v, †¯œn-Av`i|
 ms¯‥…wZi AMÖMwZ‡K mnmv cwigvc Kiv hvq-e¯‘MZ|
 gvby‡li Ae¯‘MZ m„wó nj-ms¯‥…wZ|
 mf¨Zv nj-e¯‘MZ m„wó|
 ms¯‥…wZ nj-Rxeb avi‡Yi c×wZ|
 Women for Women-GKwU bvixgyw³ Av‡›`vjb|
 g„Z ¯¿xi †QvU †evb‡K we‡q Ki‡j ejv nq-m‡qv‡qU|
 g„Z ¯^vgxi †QvU fvB‡K we‡q Ki‡j ejv nq-‡jwf‡qU|
 PvPvZ Ges LvjvZ fvB-‡evb nj-c¨vivjvj KvwRb|
 mvgšÍ mgvR M‡o D‡V-cwðg BD‡iv‡c|
 cvðv‡Z¨i mvgšÍZ‡š¿ wQj-e¨w³gvwjKvbv|
 Communist Manifesto-gvK©m I G‡½j‡mi|
 ÒNo society is unstratified”-cuywRev`x †jLK‡`i g‡Z|
 mgvRweÁvb n‡jv mvgvwRK cÖwZôv‡bi weÁvb-Dw³wU divwm mgvRweÁvbx Gwgj Wz‡L©B‡gi|
 wb‡R‡K mgvRweÁv‡bi cÖK…Z cÖwZôvZv e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zb-weªwUk mgvRweÁvbx nve©vU© †¯úÝvi|
 On the origin of the Species-MÖš’wUi iPwqZv Bs‡iR cÖK…wZwe` Pvj©m WviDBb|
 Sociology kãwU me©cÖ_g e¨envi Kiv nq-divwm `vk©wbK AMv÷ †Kuvr iwPZ Positive Philosophy MÖ‡š’|
 Utopia MÖš’wUi iPwqZv-Ugvm gy¨i|
 Republic MÖš’wU iPbv K‡ib-wMÖK `vk©wbK †cø‡Uv|
 Survival of the Fittest ev †hvM¨ivB wU‡K _v‡K avivYvwU-Pvj©m WviDB‡bi|
 mgvRweÁv‡bi †K›`ªxq cÖZ¨q-mgvRKvVv‡gv|
36 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
 mgvRweÁvb n‡jv mgv‡Ri-weÁvbwfwËK cvV|
 gvbe mgv‡Ri weÁvbwfwËK we‡kølY K‡i-mgvRweÁvb|
 Wealth of Nation-MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv n‡jb-¯‥wUk A_©bxwZwe` A¨vWvg w¯§_|
 Gwgj Wz‡L©Bg mgvRweÁv‡bi msÁvq ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb-mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb‡K|
 mgvRweÁv‡bi Avw` RbK-Be‡b Lvj`yb|
 •bwZKZvi cÖ‡kœ mgvRweÁvb-wbi‡cÿ|
 mgvRweÁvb n‡”Q-mvgvwRK w¯’wZkxjZv I MwZkxjZvi weÁvb|
 mgvRweÁvb mgv‡Ri ev¯ÍeZv Zz‡j a‡i-mgvR we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g|
 bMi mgvRweÁv‡bi g~j K_v-wkívwqZ mgvR cÖwZôvi cÖwµqv|
 mgvRweÁv‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨-gvby‡li cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© we‡kølY|
 mvgvwRK wbqš¿Y Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z n‡j-mgvRweÁv‡bi Ávb cÖ‡qvRb|
 AMv÷ †Kuvr 1839 mv‡j-Sociology kãwUi e¨envi K‡ib|
 Ebwesk kZvãxi ga¨fv‡M-mgvRweÁv‡bi Rb¥|
 A_©bxwZi Av‡jvPbv-e¨w³‡Kw›`ªK|
 A_©bxwZ GKwU-e¨envwiK weÁvb|
 mgvRweÁvb I mgvRKg© Df‡qiB Av‡jvP¨ welq-gvbem¤úK©|
 mgvRweÁv‡bi cw_K…r-Be‡b Lvj`yb|
 Be‡b Lvj`y‡bi mgvRweÁv‡bi †K›`ªwe›`y n‡jv-Avj-Avmvweqv|
 Be‡b Lvj`y‡bi g‡Z iv‡óªi cÖwZwU ¯Í‡ii Avqy®‥vj-40 eQi|
 mgvRweÁv‡bi RbK wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z-AMv÷ †Kuvr|
 †Kuvr `„óev‡`i-cÖe³v ejv nq|
 †Kuvr Gi mgvR weKv‡ki aviYvwU-Îq¯Í‡ii m~Î bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 Bs‡iR mgvRweÁv‡bi RbK ejv nq -‡¯úÝvi‡K|
 †¯úÝvi wQ‡jb-weeZ©bev` gZev‡`i cÖe³v|
 mgvR‡K cÖvYx‡`‡ni mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb-nve©vU© †¯úÝvi|
 †¯úÝvi e¨w³‡K wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb-mvgvwRK GKK wn‡m‡e|
 wµqvev‡`i RbK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ-Wz‡L©Bg|
 Wz‡L©B‡gi g‡Z AvZ¥nZ¨v-wZb cÖKvi|
 •eÁvwbK mgvRZ‡š¿i RbK-Kvj© gvK©m|
 gvK©m-Gi †kÖwY msMÖvg Z‡Ë¡i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z-DØ„Ë g~j¨ ZË¡|
 Kvj© gvK©m iwPZ me©‡kÖô MÖš’-Das Capital.
 Kvj© gvK©‡mi Rb¥ - Rvgv©wb‡Z
 Kvj© gvK©m iwPZ MÖš’-The Communist Manifesto
 gvK©‡mi mvgvwRK weeZ©b avivi wfwË-Øvw›ØK e¯‘ev`|
 AvgjvZ‡š¿i cÖe³v wn‡m‡e me©vwaK cwiwPZ-I‡qevi|
 I‡qev‡ii ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb n‡jv-cuywRev‡`i weKvkZË¡|
 I‡qevi mgvR Aa¨q‡b e¨envi K‡i‡Qb-Av`k© bgybv‡K|
 AvaywbK cuywRev‡`i Av`k© bgybv •Zwi K‡ib-g¨v· I‡qevi|
 mgvRweÁv‡bi g~j cÖwZcv`¨ welq-mgvR|
 mvgvwRK `j-n‡”Q cvi¯úwiK †PZbvmg„× Ges GKB D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q MwVZ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³e‡M©i mgwó|
 msN n‡”Q- Ggb GK Rb‡Mvôx hviv ‡Kvb wbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨ ev †Kv‡bv mxwgZ msL¨K D‡Ï‡k¨i Rb¨ GKwÎZ nq|
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 37
 †¯úÝvi mgvR weeZ©‡bi m~·K-WviDB‡bi weeZ©bev‡`i m~‡Îi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb|
 mgvR m„wói c~‡e© gvbyl cÖK…wZi ivR‡Z¡ evm KiZ Dw³wU K‡ib-mvgvwRK Pzw³ gZev‡`i Ab¨Zg cÖe³v Ugvm ne‡mi|
 ewn‡Mvôx n‡”Q- †h †Mvôxi mv‡_ †Kvb e¨w³ m¤úK©hy³ bq ev Zvi m`m¨ bq †mUvB H e¨w³i Kv‡Q ewn‡Mvôx e‡j we‡ewPZ|
 Fundamental of Sociology MÖš’wU-Av‡gwiKvb mgvRweÁvbx cvmKzqvj wMmev‡Ui|
 mgvRKvVv‡gv M‡o I‡V-mgvR¯’ mKj e¨w³i cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i Ici wfwË K‡i|
 Culture is what we are-msÁvwU g¨vKvBfvi Gi|
 g¨vKvBfv‡ii g‡Z cÖwZôvb-n‡”Q mvgvwRK Kvh©vcÖYvwji cÖwZwôZ cÖ_v,cÖwµqv ev wbqgvewj|
 cÖ_vi •ewkó¨-PviwU|
 †jvKixwZ-n‡”Q mgv‡Ri Av`k© ev gvbm¤§Z AvPiY hv mgv‡Ri m`m¨‡`i Rb¨ Aek¨ cvjbxq|
 cÖ_v-n‡”Q mgvR KZ…©K Av‡ivwcZ Af¨vm |
 Kvj© gvK©m mgvRKvVv‡gvi -`yBwU wfwËi K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|
 mvgvwRK wbqš¿‡Yi cÖ_g evnb-cwievi|
 mvgvwRK MwZkxjZv‡K-`yBwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
 mvgvwRK wbqš¿‡Yi g~j jÿ¨-mvgvwRK k„•Ljv eRvq ivLv Ges mvgvwRK msnwZ‡K †Rvi`vi Kiv|
 mgvR m„wói g~j Dcv`vb-gvbyl|
 gvbyl Rxeb MV‡bi †Póv K‡i-mgv‡Ri Pvwn`v Abymv‡i|
 wcZ…cÖavb Avw`g mgvR Kvjµ‡g-mvgšÍ mgv‡R iæcvšÍwiZ nq|
 gvK©‡mi g‡Z †kÖwYwef³ mgv‡Ri cÖ_g avc n‡jv-`vm mgvR|
 mgvRZvwš¿K `„wó‡KvY †_‡K gvbyl hv K‡i ZvB-ms¯‥…wZ|
 mf¨Zv n‡jv-bMi‡Kw›`ªK cÖcÂ|
 hvwš¿K msnwZ †`Lv hvq-Avw`g mgv‡R|
 e¨w³ Rb¥MZfv‡e m`m¨c` jvf K‡i-A‣bw”QK †Mvôxi|
 m¤úª`v‡qi wfwË n‡”Q-GjvKv I m¤úª`vqMZ gvbwmKZv|
 cÖwZôv‡bi DrcwËi g~‡j i‡q‡Q-gvby‡li mnRvZ cÖe„wË|
 m¤úª`v‡qi †g․wjK •ewkó¨-`yBwU|
 cÖ_v n‡”Q-mgvR KZ…©K Av‡ivwcZ Af¨vm|
 cÖ_vi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb-HwZn¨, ¯^qswµqZv I RbM‡Yi ¯^xK…wZ|
 cÖ_v‡K ejv nq-mvgvwRK Abykvmb|
 †jvKvPvi mvgvwRK wbqš¿‡Yi-AcÖvwZôvwbK gva¨g|
 †jvKvPvi-esk ci¤úivq cwiPvwjZ nq|
 mvgvwRK wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨g wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i-‡jvKixwZ|
 †jvKixwZ n‡”Q-e¨envi wbqš¿K|
 mgvRKvVv‡gv MwVZ nq-mgvR¯’ gvby‡li mgš^‡q|
 mvgvwRK wbqš¿‡Yi g~j D‡Ïk¨-mvgvwRK msnwZ wUwK‡q ivLv|
 BD‡ivcxq mgv‡Ri cÖZxK-G‡÷U cÖ_v|
 fviZxq mgv‡R-Pvi ai‡bi RvwZeY© cÖ_v †`Lv hvq|
 gh©v`v cÖavbZ-`yB cÖKvi|
 esk cwiP‡qi wfwˇZ cÖvß gh©v`v‡K e‡j-Av‡ivwcZ gh©v`v|
 †kÖwY GKwU-ev¯Íe‡Mvôx|
 †kÖwY e¨e¯’vi g~‡j Av‡Q-‡kvlY|
 eqm n‡jv-mvgvwRK AmgZvi •RweK Dcv`vb|
 Drcv`b cÖwµqvq ‣ecøweK cwieZ©b Av‡m-wkíhy‡M|
 gvbemgv‡Ri AwZ cÖvPxb cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg n‡”Q-m¤úwË|
38 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
 cuywRev`x A_©e¨e¯’vi wfwË n‡jv-Aeva cÖwZ‡hvwMZv|
 mgwóMZ gvwjKvbv †`Lv hvq-mgvRZvwš¿K mgv‡R|
 K…wlhy‡Mi cÖavb m¤úwË wQj- Rwg|
 iv‡óªi g~j PvwjKv kw³- miKvi|
 mve©‡f․gZ¡ n‡jv iv‡óªi m‡e©v”P I P~ovšÍ-AvBbvbyM KZ…©Z¡|
 Gwi÷U‡ji g‡Z ivóª n‡”Q-m¤úª`v‡qi m‡e©v”P i~c|
 iv‡óªi me©gq ÿgZvi AwaKvix-RbMY|
 iv‡óªi cÖavb Dcv`vb n‡jv-RbmsL¨v|
 iv‡óªi DrcwË msµvšÍ me‡P‡q cÖvPxb gZev`-Hk¦wiK gZev`|
 KZ…©Z¡ n‡jv ÿgZvi-‣ea cÖ‡qvM|
 MYZvwš¿K mgv‡R ÿgZvi Drm-RbMY|
 wKÛvi Mv‡W©b c×wZ- †d«WvwiK †d«v‡q‡ej Pvjy K‡ib|
 ms¯‥„Z kvm avZz †_‡K G‡m‡Q-wkÿv kãwU|
 iæ‡kvi g‡Z cÖK…wZB n‡”Q wkïi-me©v‡cÿv eo wkÿK|
 m‡µwU‡mi g‡Z wkÿv n‡”Q-m‡Z¨i AbymÜvb|
 gvK©mxq aviYv Abyhvqx wkÿv n‡e-m„Rbkxj|
 evsjv ag© kãwUi DrcwËi n‡q‡Q ms¯‥…Z-a„ avZz †_‡K|
 ms¯‥…Z a„ avZzi A_©-aviY Kiv|
 g¨v·gyjvi Gi g‡Z-ag© n‡jv Ab‡šÍi cÖZ¨ÿ Ávb|
 me©cÖvYev` gZev‡`i cÖe³v n‡”Qb-‡UBji|
 ag© ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i- mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e|
 gvby‡li Rxe‡bi me w`K‡KB wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z Pvq-ag©|
 •bwZKZv g~jZ D™¢~Z nq-e¨w³ gvby‡li wbR¯^ cQ›` I wm×všÍ †_‡K|
 gvby‡li AšÍwb©wnZ m~² Abyf~wZ n‡jv-‣bwZKZv|
 cÖPwjZ g~j¨‡ev‡ai cwicwš’ n‡jv-wePz¨wZg~jK AvPiY|
 •eÁvwbK Aciva weÁv‡bi RbK-wmRvi jg‡eªv‡mv|
 wePz¨wZg~jK AvPiY Aciva bq, GwU Aciv‡ai-c~e©eZx© ¯Íi|
 wePz¨wZg~jK AvPiY‡K `gb Kiv hvq-mvgvwRK wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g|
 •RweK `„wófw½‡Z Aciv‡ai KviY e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb-jg‡eªv‡mv|
 gvbwmK Am‡šÍv‡li Kvi‡Y m„wó nq- wePz¨wZg~jK AvPiY|
 Wz‡L©B‡gi g‡Z •biv‡R¨i aib-`yBwU|
 •bivR¨ ej‡Z †evSvq mgv‡Ri-Av`k© ev g~j¨‡evanxbZv|
 Aciva Kivi B”Qv †cvlY AvB‡bi `„wó‡Z -‡`vlYxq n‡e bv|
 AvBb we‡ivax KvR I AvPi‡Yi bvg-Aciva|
 AvqKi duvwK, †UªWgvK© bKj BZ¨vw`- f`ª‡ekx Aciva|
 gvK©m Gi g‡Z cuywRev`x A_©bxwZi †kvl‡Yi djkÖæwZB-Aciva|
 cvwievwiK cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_-Aciva cÖeYZv m¤úK©hy³|
 †Q‡j‡g‡q‡K AcivacÖeY K‡i †Zv‡j-wcZvgvZvi DMÖZv|
 wePz¨wZi R‡b¨ †bB-AvBbMZ kvw¯Í|
 Aciva n‡jv my¯úófv‡e-AvB‡bi j•Nb|
 RbmsL¨v wbqš¿Y Aciva cÖeYZv n«v‡mi R‡b¨-GKvšÍ Riæwi|
 Aciva `~ixKi‡Yi GKwU Dcvq n‡jv-Kg©ms¯’vb|
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 39
 mgvRweÁvb mgxÿY MÖš’wU ‡j‡Lb-W. G †K bvRgyj Kwig †jLv|
 fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki mgvRwPšÍvi BwZnvm cÖvq-`yB nvRvi eQ‡ii|
 i‡qj GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU Ae †e½j cÖwZwôZ nq-1784 mv‡j|
 KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡q mgvRweÁvb Pvjy nq-1917 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡`‡ki mgvRweÁv‡bi RbK-G †K bvRgyj Kwig|
 wkLv †Mvôx cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj-1926 mv‡j|
 msNe× Rbmgwó‡K ejv nq-mgvR|
 †kdv‡ii g‡Z ms¯‥…wZi Dcv`vb-PviwU|
 ÔAvgiv hv ZvB Avgv‡`i ms¯‥…wZÕ Dw³wU-g¨vKvBfv‡ii|
 b„weÁv‡bi `„wó‡Z ms¯‥…wZ wef³-wZbfv‡M|
 Dcv`v‡bi wfwˇZ ms¯‥…wZ‡K fvM Kiv hvq-`yBfv‡M|
 evsjv‡`‡ki MÖv‡gi cÖavb A_©e¨e¯’v n‡jv-K…wl|
 evsjv‡`‡ki ms¯‥…wZ‡K cÖavbZ-`yBfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
 gvby‡li wPšÍvfvebv, wkí-mvwnZ¨ BZ¨vw`-Ae¯‘MZ ms¯‥…wZ|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb †jvK Drm‡ei g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jv-bevbœ|
 mvs¯‥…wZK e¨eavb ZË¡ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb-AMevb©|
 ms¯‥…wZi cðvrc`Zv‡K †¯úÝvi e‡j‡Qb-The dead hand.
 wkívqb Øviv †evSvq-K…wl †_‡K hvwš¿K wk‡íi weKvk‡K|
 evsjv‡`‡k MYZ‡š¿i PP©v ïiæ n‡q‡Q-cvðv‡Z¨i AbyKi‡Y|
 cwievi MV‡bi c~e©kZ©-weevn|
 evsjv‡`‡k-wcZ…Zvwš¿K cwievie¨e¯’v we`¨gvb|
 GKK cwiev‡ii Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã-Monogamy.
 ewa©Z cwiev‡i-wZb cyiæ‡li emevm _v‡K|
 gvZ…evm ixwZ‡K-NiRvgvB cÖ_v ejv nq|
 eZ©gv‡b cvðvZ¨ mgv‡R-bqvevm cwievi cÖ_v †ek RbwcÖq n‡q D‡V‡Q|
 mvgvwRKxKiY n‡jv-Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hvi gva¨‡g GKRb e¨w³ mvgvwRK gvby‡l cwiYZ nq|
 kû‡i cwiev‡ii cÖavb •ewkó¨-GKK cwievi|
 ÁvwZm¤ú‡K©i g~jwfwË- weevn I cwievi|
 gvbemgv‡Ri mšÍvb cÖRb‡bi ¯^xK…Z cÖwZôvb-cwievi|
 †h․_ cwievi-‡h cwiev‡i weevwnZ cyÎiv ¯¿x, mšÍvb-mšÍwZ, wcZv-gvZv, PvPv-PvwP I Zv‡`i mšÍvb- mšÍvwbmn GK‡Î evm K‡i Zv-
B †h․_ cwievi|
 weev‡ni Ab¨Zg cÖavb kZ©-eqtcÖvwß|
 m‡iv‡iU weevn n‡jv-k¨vwjKv weevn|
 †jwf‡iU weevn n‡jv-‡`ei‡K weevn Kiv|
 gymwjg weev‡n _vKv Avek¨K-mvÿx|
 †RÛvi •elg¨-wj½ cwiP‡qi wfwˇZ m„ó bvix-cyiæ‡li ga¨Kvi •elg¨B n‡”Q: †RÛvi •elg¨|
 †eKviZ¡ n‡jv-‡Kvb mgv‡R Kg©ÿg †jvK _vKv m‡Ë¡I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Afve|
 cÖ”Qbœ †eKviZ¡-‡Kvb Kv‡R cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ kÖwgK wb‡qvM n‡j AwZwi³ kÖwgK‡K cÖ”Qbœ †eKviZ¡ e‡j|
 gv`Kvmw³ -ej‡Z Ggb `ªe¨mvgwMÖK‡K †evSvq hv e¨w³i gvbwmK ev e¨envwiK AvPiY‡K Ggbfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i, hvi d‡j
gv`K`ª‡e¨i Ici e¨w³ wbf©ikxj n‡q c‡o ev gv`‡Ki cÖwZ Avm³ ev †bkvMÖ¯Í n‡q c‡o|
 BfwUwRs-Gi evsjv cÖwZkã bvix‡K DZ¨³ Kiv|
 me©cÖ_g cwi‡ek bvixev` kãwU e¨envi K‡ib-divwm bvixev`x d«uv‡mvqv †`¨v G‡ev‡b |
 mvgvwRK wbivcËv-n‡jv Ggb GK ai‡bi wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wP ev e¨e¯’v hvi Øviv mgv‡Ri RbMY‡K wec`¾bK Ae¯’v †_‡K
iÿv Kivi Rb¨ e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv nq|
 †h․ZzK-n‡jv weev‡ni mgq cvÎcÿ cvÎxcÿ‡K †h mKj `ªe¨ w`‡Z eva¨ K‡i ZvB †h․ZzK|
40 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
 eva©K¨ mgm¨v n‡jv-eva©K¨ Rxe‡b cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK, A_©‣bwZK Ges gb¯ÍvwË¡K mgm¨v|
 Rw½ -mgvR ev ivóª Aby‡gv`b †`q bv Ggb †Kv‡bv ms¯‥v‡ii mg_©‡b hLb GK ev GKvwaK e¨w³ AvµgYvZ¥K Dcvq Aej¤^b
K‡i ZLb †mB e¨w³ ev e¨w³eM©‡K Rw½ e‡j|
 kã `~lY-nVvr D”P AvIqvR, †Mvjgvj BZ¨vw` hLb gvby‡li ¯^vfvweK Rxeb‡K webó K‡i, gvbwmK I kvixwiK mgm¨vi m„wó
K‡i ZLb Zv‡K kã `~lY e‡j|
 mvgvwRK mgm¨v m¤úK©hy³-mgvR KvVv‡gvi mv‡_|
 mvgvwRK mgm¨v‡K we‡klvwqZ K‡i-mgv‡Ri cÖPwjZ g~j¨‡eva|
 †dím mvgvwRK mgm¨v‡K-Pvifv‡M wef³ K‡i‡Qb|
 evsjv‡`‡ki mvgvwRKmgm¨v¸‡jv g~jZ-A_©‡Kw›`ªK|
 gb¯ÍvwË¡K mgm¨vi AšÍfz©³-AvZ¥nZ¨v|
 RbmsL¨v e„w×i GKwU Ab¨Zg KviY-wkÿvi Afve|
 wbiÿiZvi cÖavb KviY wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv hvq-`wi`ª¨Zv‡K|
 mgv‡R Kg©ÿg †jvK _vKv m‡Ë¡I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Afve n‡jv-‡eKviZ¡|
 cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©‡Mi Kvi‡Y m„wó nq-cÖ”Qbœ †eKviZ¡|
 gv`Kvmw³ GKwU-¯œvqyweK aviYv|
 gv`Kvmw³i cÖ‡Kvc me‡P‡q †ewk-DbœZ we‡k¦|
 XvKv kn‡i gv`Kvm‡³i msL¨v-cÖvq GK jÿ|
 gv`Kvmw³i Kvi‡Y e¨w³-Kg©`ÿZv nvivq|
 we‡k¦ bvixi weiæ‡× mwnsmZvi gvÎvi w`K †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’vb-PZz_©|
 †RÛvi mgm¨v `~ixKi‡Y-bvixi ÿgZvqb Acwinvh©|
 D`vicwš’ bvix‡`i weKvk N‡U Ebwesk kZvãxi-‡klv‡a©|
 †h․ZzK n‡jv GK ai‡bi-mvgvwRK e¨vwa|
 1980 mv‡j cÖYxZ nq-‡h․ZzK wb‡iva AvBb|
 bvixwkÿvi we¯Ívi NU‡e-evj¨weevn mgm¨v mgvav‡b|
 Kg©m~‡Î bvix‡`i me‡P‡q eo mgm¨v n‡jv-Avevmb|
 evsjv‡`‡ki bvix‡`i Dbœq‡b cÖ‡qvRb-bvixi ÿgZvqb|
 Rxe‡bi GK Pig mZ¨-eva©K¨|
 mvaviYfv‡e 60 E‡aŸ© eQi eq¯‥ e¨w³‡`i‡K-cÖexY bvMwiK ejv nq|
 Rw½ev` kãwUi DrcwË j¨vwUb kã-Militare ‡_‡K|
 agx©q Ace¨vL¨vi wkKvi-Rw½ev`iv|
 evqy `~l‡Yi GKwU cÖavb Drm n‡jv-hvbevnb|
 †h cvwb‡Z Ac`ªe¨ _v‡K ‡mB cvwb‡K e‡j-`~wlZ cvwb|
 Ac`ªe¨gy³ cvwb‡K-weï×/wbivc` cvwb e‡j|
 f~wg ÿqcÖvß nq-AwZe„wó I e„ÿ wba‡b|
 BARD Aew¯’Z-Kzwgjøv †Rjvq|
 mgev‡qi g~j †PZbv-mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póv|
 ¯^wbf©i Av‡›`vj‡bi m~ÎcvZ N‡U-1975 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡`k cwjø Dbœqb †evW© MwVZ nq-1982 mv‡j|
 Kzwgjøv mgevq mwgwZ Pvjy Kiv nq-1960 mv‡j|
 eª¨v‡Ki cÖavb Kvh©µg-f~wgnxb‡`i FY †`Iqv|
Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 41
e½eÜz Ges evsjv‡`k
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb
 1920 mv‡ji 17 gvP© †MvcvjMÄ †Rjvi Uzw½cvovq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
 wcZvi bvg- †kL jyrdi ingvb|
 gvZvi bvg- †gvQvt mv‡qiv LvZzb|
 WvKbvg- †LvKv|
 e½eÜz QvÎjxM cÖwZôv K‡ib- 1948 mv‡ji 4 Rvbyqvwi (dRjyj nK)|
 1949 mv‡ji 23 Ryb ÔAvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi hyM¥ m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ nb|
 AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi hyM¥ m¤úv`K nb- 1953 mv‡j|
 hy³d«›U miKv‡ii me©Kwbô gš¿x wn‡m‡e Zv‡K 14 †g, 1954 K…wl, eb, FY, mgevq
I cjøx gš¿Yvj‡qi `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq|
 e½eÜzi gwš¿mfvq ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g †UK‡bvµ¨vU A_©gš¿x - AvwRRyi ingvb gwjøK|
 c~e© cvwK¯Ívb cÖv‡`wkK miKv‡ii wkí, evwYR¨, kÖg, `yb©xwZ `gb I wf‡jR-GBW
`߇ii gš¿x Kiv nq- 1956 mv‡j|
 1953 mv‡j Gi mvaviY m¤úv`K nb|
 1966 mv‡j Gi mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb|
 1966 mv‡ji 23 gvP© AvbyôvwbKfv‡e jv‡nv‡i Qq `dv `vex DÌvcb K‡ib|
 1969 mv‡ji 22 †deªæqvwi MYAv‡›`vj‡bi Pv‡c AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv nq
(`v‡qi Kiv nq - 3 Rvbyqvwi, 1968)|
 AvMiZjv gvgjvq †MÖßvi nb- 17 Rvbyqvwi, 1968 mv‡j| (gvgjv nq- 3 Rvbyqvwi, 1968)|
 ‡gvU †Mªßvi nb- 22 evi (¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j 21 evi)|
 c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi bvg evsjv‡`k K‡ib- 5 wW‡m¤^i, 1969 mv‡j|
 1971 mv‡j 7B gvP© †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b HwZnvwmK fvlY †`b|
 1971 mv‡ji e›`x nb- 25 gvP© ga¨iv‡Z|
 ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib- 26 gvP© (GKB w`‡b †MÖdZvi nb)|
 cvwK¯Ív‡bi KivwPi wgqvbIqvjx KvivMvi †_‡K gyw³ jvf K‡ib- 8 Rvbyqvwi, 1972
mv‡j| gyw³ †c‡q mivmwi jÛ‡b hvb| †mLv‡b Zv‡K Af¨_©bv Rvbvq weªwUk cÖavbgš¿x
GWIqvW© wn_| jÛb †_‡K w`wjø‡Z Av‡mb 10 Rvbyqvwi, 1972 mv‡j|
 ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k cªZ¨veZ©b K‡i- 10 Rvbyqvwi, 1972 mv‡j|
 ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib- 12 Rvbyqvwi, 1972 mv‡j|
 wØZxq evi cÖavbgš¿x nb- 1973 mv‡ji 16 gvP©|
 1973 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi ci e½eÜz MwVZ gwš¿mfvq bvix m`m¨- e`iæ‡bœmv Avng`
Ges byiRvnvb gywk©`|
 cybivq ivóªcwZ nb- 1975 mv‡ji 25 Rvbyqvwi|
 wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g ‡cÖwm‡W›U I wØZxq cÖavbgš¿x wQ‡jb|
 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib|
e½eÜyi Dcvwamg~n
 Dcvwa- e½eÜy|
Dcvwa ‡`b- ‡Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g`|
ZvwiL- 23 ‡deªæqvwi, 1969|
¯’vb- ZrKvjxb ‡im‡Kvm© gq`vb (eZ©gv‡b ‡mvnivIqv`©x D`¨vb)|
 Dcvwa- RvwZi RbK|
42 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
Dcvwa ‡`b- Av.m.g. Avãyi ie|
ZvwiL- 3 gvP©, 1971|
¯’vb- cëb gq`vb|
 Dcvwa- Poet of Politics (ivRbxwZi Kwe)|
Dcvwa ‡`q- 'wbDR DBK' g¨vMvwRb (5 GwcÖj, 1971)|
Dcvwa ‡`qv mvsevw`‡Ki bvg- ‡jv‡ib ‡Rw¼m|
 Dcvwa- wek¦eÜy|
Dcvwa ‡`q- wek¦ kvwšÍ cwil`|
ZvwiL: 23 ‡g, 1973 (RywjI Kywi cyi¯‥vi ‡bqvi mgq)|
 Dcvwa- wek^eÜz (2q evi)|
Dcvwa ‡`q- Av‡bvqviæj Kexi|
ZvwiL: 15 AvM÷, 2019|
 d«vÝ †_‡K kvwšÍ‡Z RywjI Kzwi c`K cvb- 1972 mv‡j|
Note: MÖnY K‡ib- 1973 mv‡j|
 me©Kv‡ji ‡kÖô evOvwj - 26‡k gvP©, 2004|
 2004 wewewmi †kÖvZv Rwi‡c 20Zg|
 me©‡kÖô evOvwji ZvwjKvq ¯’vb|
 14 GwcÖj, 2008 me©Kv‡ji me©‡kÖô evOvwj|
 evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi iƒcKvi e½eÜy ‡kL gywReyi ingvb‡K Ô‡d«Ûm Ae `¨ Iqvì©Õ
ev Ôwek¦eÜyÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb ‣ewk¦K K‚UbxwZ‡Kiv| RvwZmsN m`i `߇i
e½eÜyi 44Zg kvnv`Z evwl©Kx Dcj‡¶ Av‡qvwRZ GK Av‡jvPbv mfvq e½eÜy‡K G
AvL¨v ‡`Iqv nq|
Note: ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ e›`x _v‡Kb- 4675 w`b (weªwUk Avg‡j 7 w`bmn †gvU 4682 w`b
e›`x _v‡Kb)| ¯^ivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi wn‡m‡e/miKvwi wn‡m‡e 3053 w`b e›`x wQ‡jb|
e½eÜzi weL¨vZ MÖš’mg~n
Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx (e½eÜzi 1g MÖš’)
 cÖ_g cÖKvk- 18 Ryb, 2012|
 GB ch©šÍ Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx Ab~w`Z nq- 17wU fvlvq (me©‡kl- wMÖK)|
 cÖKvwkZ nq- 18wU fvlvq|
 Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebxi Bs‡iwR Abyev`K- Aa¨vcK dLiæj Avjg|
 cÖKvkK- w` BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW|
 MÖš’¯^Z¡- e½eÜz †g‡gvwiqvj Uªv÷|
 cÖKvwkZ nq- evsjv GKv‡Wwg †_‡K (gvP©, 2017 mv‡j)|
 f‚wgKv †jLb- †kL nvwmbv|
 ‡h gš¿Yvj‡qi A_©vq‡b cÖKvwkZ nq- ms¯‥…wZ welqK gš¿Yvjq|
 eBwU‡Z e½eÜzi cvwievwiK Rxeb I ivR‣bwZK Rxe‡bi BwZnvm †_‡K ïiæ K‡i
1955 mvj ch©šÍ wewfbœ NUbvewj ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 43
KvivMv‡ii †ivRbvgPv (e½eÜzi 2q MÖš’)
 KvivMv‡ii †ivRbvgPv bvgwUi cÖ¯ÍveK- †kL †invbv|
 e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK MÖ‡š’i wØZxq L‡Ði bvg- KvivMv‡ii
†ivRbvgPv|
 Bs‡iwR Abyev`K- Aa¨vcK dLiæj Avjg|
 cÖKvkKvj- e½eÜzi 98Zg Rb¥w`‡b (17 gvP©, 2017)|
 cÖKvkK- evsjv GKv‡Wwg|
 MÖš’wU †jLvi mgqKvj- 2 eQi|
 ‡cªÿvcU- e½eÜzi 1966-1968 mvj ch©šÍ Kviv¯§„wZ I 1966-68 Gi DËvj ivR‣bwZK
welqvewj|
 Ab~w`Z nq- 4wU fvlvq (Bs‡iwR, Amgxqv, †bcvwj Ges me©‡kl divwm fvlvq)|
 cÖKvwkZ nq- 5wU fvlvq (evsjv, Bs‡iwR, Amgxqv, †bcvwj Ges me©‡kl divwm fvlvq)|
Avgvi †`Lv bqv Pxb -New China-1952 (e½eÜzi 3q MÖš’)
 ‡jLK- e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb |
 cÖKvkK- evsjv GKv‡Wwg|
 f‚wgKv †j‡L‡Qb- ‡kL nvwmbv|
 Bs‡iwR Abyev`K- W. dLiæj Avjg|
 welqe¯‘- ågY Kvwnwb (1950 Gi `k‡K KwgDwb÷ miKv‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ - Pxb åg‡Yi Kvwnwb)|
 e½eÜz KZ…©K iwPZ Z…Zxq MÖš’ ÔAvgvi †`Lv bqvPxbÕ cÖKvwkZ nq 1 †deªæqvwi, 2020|
 MÖš’wU‡Z 1952 mv‡j e½eÜzi Pxb md‡ii ¯§„wZ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
 eBwUi cÖ”Q` I MÖš’ bKkv K‡ib ZvwiK myRvZ Ges cÖ”Q‡`i e¨eüZ kvwšÍi K‡cvZ wPÎwUi
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''Secret Documents of Intelligence
Branch on Father of the Nation
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman''
Volume-1 (1948-1950)
 eBwUi †gvU LÐ- 14wU|
 e½eÜzi †RjLvbvi Rxe‡bi Dci †jLv eB|
e½eÜzi mgvPvi
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 cwiPvjK- k¨vg †e‡bMvj (fviZ)|
 e½eÜz‡K wb‡q wbwg©Z bvU‡Ki bvg- gnv gvb‡ei †`‡k
 cwiPvjK- gvbœvb nxiv|
 fvi‡Zi †h wek^we`¨vj‡q e½eÜz †Pqvi Pvjy n‡e -w`wjø wek^we`¨vjq|
 wkï-wK‡kvi‡`i Rb¨ wbwg©Z - MÖvwdK b‡fj ÔgywReÕ|
 GwU 10wU c‡e© •Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 cÖ_k LÐ cÖKvwkZ nq 17 gvP©, 2015|
 17 gvP©, 2015 cÖKvwkZ nq- cÖ_g ce©|
 me©‡kl 19 †deªæqvwi, 2022 D‡b¥vPb Kiv nq- MÖvwdK b‡fj gywRe Gi me©‡kl A_©vr `kg LÛ|
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 fv¯‥h©wUi bvg- The Statue of Speech and Freedom
 Ae¯’vb- wSbvB`v‡ni kg‡kibMi miKvwi e½eÜz wWMÖx K‡jR|
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 15 AvM÷, 2019 RvwZmsN m`i `߇i RvZxq †kvK w`em Abyôv‡b e½eÜz‡K †d«Û Ae `¨ Iqvì© ev Ôwek^eÜzÕ wnmv‡e AvL¨v
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 m¤úªwZ bqvw`wjøi cvK© w÷ª‡Ui bvgKiY Kiv nq - e½eÜz †kL gywR‡ei bv‡g|
 m¤úªwZ e½eÜz PË¡i n‡”Q- K·evRv‡ii KjvZwj‡Z|
 gaycyi RvZxq D`¨v‡bi eZ©gvb bvg - e½eÜz RvZxq D`¨vb|
 gywReel© Dcj‡ÿ nvj`v b`x‡K Ôe½eÜz grm¨ †nwi‡URÕ †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 e½eÜz ¯’vqx cÖwZK…wZ ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q- wgwkMv‡bi n¨vgUªvg¨vK kn‡i|
 hy³ivóª e½eÜzi Qwe msewjZ Ô¯§viK WvKwPýÕ cÖKvk K‡i‡Q- R¨vKmb nvBUm †cv÷ Awdm †_‡K|
 gywRee‡l© e½eÜzi m¤§v‡b we‡kl cÖ¯Íve cvk nq- hy³iv‡óªi wbDBqK© ivR¨ wm‡b‡U|
 eÜzi †Pqvi ¯’vc‡bi †NvlYv w`‡q‡Q- BDwbfvwm©wU Ae jÛb I wek^fviZx wek^we`¨vjq|
 e½Üzi fv¯‥h© ¯’vcb n‡e- jÛ‡bi gv`vg Zz‡mv Rv`yN‡i I RvwZmsN m`i `߇i|
 e½eÜz †m›Uvi ¯’vcb Ki‡e- BDwbfvwm©wU Ae K¨vgweªR|
 7B gvP© feb wbg©vY Kiv nq- XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi †iv‡Kqv n‡j|
 gywRe Rb¥kZevwl©Kx Dcj‡ÿ evsjv‡`k `~Zvev‡mi D‡`¨v‡M 12 RyjvB, 2021 e½eÜzi ¯§viK WvKwUwKU Aegy³ K‡i d«v‡Ýi
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 e½eÜzi Rb¥kZevwl©Kxi ¯§i‡Y Zv‡K wb‡q 9 RyjvB, 2021 ¯§viK Lvg I we‡kl WvKwU‡KU Aegy³ K‡i wdwjcvB‡bi †cv÷vj
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 RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi m¤§v‡b w`wjø wek^we`¨vj‡q Ôe½eÜz †PqviÕ cÖwZôv Ki‡Z hv‡”Q BwÛqvb KvDwÝj di
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 Rb¥kZevwl©Kx Dcj‡ÿ¨ 1 RyjvB, 2021 e½eÜzi ÔAmgvß AvZ¥RxebxÕi †Kvwiqvb fvlvi †gvoK D‡b¥vPb Kiv nq|
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 wPÎbvU¨ †jLvi cvkvcvwk wbe©vnx cwiPvj‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib -
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 wbwg©Z- nvq`vi G›UvicÖvB‡Ri e¨vbv‡i ÔwPiÄxe gywReÕ|
 Pjw”P‡Î e½eÜzi f‚wgKvq Awfbq Ki‡e- Avn‡g` iæ‡ej|
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 45
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 ¯’vb- e¸ov †Rjvi †kicyi Dc‡Rjvi f‚ivwbcyi BDwbq‡bi ev‡j›`v
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 km¨wPÎ (Largest Crop Field Mosaic) K¨vUvMwi‡Z wM‡bm
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'Friends of The World' ev Ôwek^ eÜzÕ
 e½eÜz‡K 'Friends of The World' ev Ôwek^eÜzÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ
K‡ib: RvwZms‡Ni mv‡eK AvÛvi †m‡µU¨vwi †Rbv‡ij I
RvwZms‡N wbhy³ evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡eK ¯’vqx cÖwZwbwa ivóª`~Z
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 gywRe Avgvi wcZv Pjw”PÎwU wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q - †kL gywRe Avgvi wcZv eB
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Pvlx bRiæj Bmjvg)|
 Ô‡kL gywRe Avgvi wcZv eBwUi †jLK- †kL nvwmbv|
 gywRe Avgvi wcZv Pjw”P‡Îi c„ô‡cvlK - RybvB` Avn‡g` (Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM
cÖhyw³ cÖwZgš¿x)|
 gywRe Avgvi wcZv Pjw”P‡Îi cwiPvjK- †mv‡nj †gvnv¤§` ivbv|
 gywRe Avgvi wcZv Pjw”P‡Îi cÖ‡hvRbv cÖwZôv‡bi bvg- †cÖv‡jÝvi ÷zwWI|
 m¤úªwZ e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Dci wbwg©Z cÖvgvY¨ wPÎwUi bvg -
Bangabandhu; Forever In our Hearts.
 ''Bangabandhu; Forever In our Hearts'' cÖKvkbv cÖvgvY¨ wPÎwU
•Zwi K‡i‡Q- evsjv‡`k Pjw”PÎ I cÖKvkbv Awa`ßi|
Note: 7 gv‡P©i fvlY‡K †K›`ª K‡i wbwg©Ze¨ c~Y©‣`N©¨ Pjw”PÎ - ZR©bx
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e½eÜz Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‥…wZ Bbw÷wUDU Gi weMZ mv‡ji cÖ‡kœi 100%
mwVK mgvavb 2023-2024 wkÿvel©
01. ga¨hy‡Mi †Kvb m¤ªvU mvwn‡Z¨i Av`‡j AvZ¥Rxebx †j‡Lb? [Rvwe C, Set-O; 2023-2024]
A. Rywjqvm wmRvi B. m¤ªvU eveyi C. m¤ªvU AvKei D. †b‡cvwjqvb .DËi: C.
02. Ôiƒcmx evsjvÕ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i cÖ”Q` Gu‡KwQ‡jb? [Rvwe C, Set-O; 2023-2024]
A. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi B. b›`jvj evey C. mZ¨wRr ivq D. Kvgiæj nvmvb .DËi: C.
46 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
03. evsjv‡`‡k iscyi A‡j †Kvb Dcfvlvi e¨envi †`Lv hvq? [Rvwe C, Set-O; 2023-2024]
A. c~we© B. Kvgiƒwc C. ivwp D. e‡iw›`ª .DËi: B.
04. ÔûeûÕ kãwU †Kvb fvlv †_‡K G‡m‡Q? [Rvwe C, Set-O; 2023-2024]
A. Aviwe B. dviwm C. ms¯‥…Z D. Rvcvwb .DËi: A.
05. Ô‡k‡li KweZvÕ m¤ú‡K© †KvbwU mwVK? [Rvwe C, Set-O; 2023-2024]
A. iex›`ªbv‡_i KweZvi eB B. iex›`ªbv‡_i Dcb¨vm
C. Rxebvb›` `v‡ki cÖe‡Üi eB D. bRiæ‡ji wPwVc‡Îi msKjb .DËi: B.
06. e½eÜzi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY‡K we‡k^i cÖvgvY¨ HwZn¨ wn‡m‡e BD‡b‡¯‥v K‡e †NvlYv K‡ib? [Rvwe C, Set-O; 2023-2024]
A. 2016 mv‡ji 30 A‡±vei B. 2016 mv‡ji 30 gvP©
C. 2017 mv‡ji 30 A‡±vei D. 2017 mv‡ji 30 Rvbyqvwi .DËi: C.
07. ‡evm AvBb÷vBb Z‡Ë¡i m‡Z¨b emy cÖ_g Rxe‡b †Kvb wek^we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK wQ‡jb? [Rvwe C, Set-O; 2023-2024]
A. KjKvZv wek^we`¨vjq B. A·‡dvW© wek^we`¨vjq C. w`wjø wek^we`¨vjq D. XvKv wek^we`¨vjq .DËi: A.
08. ‡KvbwU ÔmvwnwZ¨KÕ k‡ãi cÖK…wZ I cÖZ¨q? [Rvwe C, Set-O; 2023-2024]
A. mvwn + BwZ¨K B. mwnZ + BK C. mvwnZ¨ + wòK D. mvwnZ¨ + wbK .DËi: C.
09. KzÄi -Gi mgv_©K kã †KvbwU? [Rvwe C, Set-O; 2023-2024]
A. nvwZ B. nwiY C. fzR½ D. Ak^ .DËi: A.
10. wg_ n‡jv- [Rvwe C, Set-O; 2023-2024]
A. ‡c․ivwYK K_v B. eû Ck^iev` C. gnvcÖvYev` D. ag©xq Kvwnwb .DËi: A.
11. wmwf igb KZ mv‡j c`v_©weÁv‡b †bv‡ej cvb? [Rvwe C, Set-S; 2023-2024]
A. 1929 B. 1930 C. 1931 D. 1932 .DËi: B.
12. weÁvbx cÖdzjø P›`ª ivq fvi‡Zi cÖ_g †Kvb wkí cÖwZôv‡bi ¯’cwZ? [Rvwe C, Set-S; 2023-2024]
A. BwÛqvb K¨vwgK¨vj B. B÷ BwÛqv †Kv wjwg‡UU
C. e¨v½j K¨vwg‡Kj D. wf‡±vwiqv †g‡gvwiqvj †Kv¤úvwb .DËi: C.
13. ‡bv‡ej weRqx K_vmvwnwZ¨K wf Gm bvBcj Rvnv½xibMi wek^we`¨vjq †Kvb mv‡j G‡mwQ‡jb? [Rvwe C, Set-S; 2023-2024]
A. 2014 B. 2015 C. 2016 D. 2017 .DËi: C.
14. ÔwZZvm GKwU b`xi bvgÕ wm‡bgvi cwiPvjK †K? [Rvwe C, Set-S; 2023-2024]
A. mZ¨wRr ivq B. A‣ØZ gjøeg©Y C. FwZ¡K NUK D. ‡M․Zg †Nvl .DËi: C.
15. c‡njv •ekv‡Li Ôg½j †kvfvhvÎvÕ BD‡b‡¯‥v KZ…©K wek^ mvs¯‥…wZK HwZ‡n¨i gh©v`v cvq KZ mv‡j? [Rvwe C, Set-S; 2023-2024]
A. 2010 B. 2012 C. 2014 D. 2016 .DËi: D.
16. Ôag© mvaviY †jv‡Ki KvjPvi, Avi KvjPvi wkwÿZ gvwR©Z †jv‡Ki ag©Õ Dw³wU Kvi? [Rvwe C, Set-S; 2023-2024]
A. ‡gvZvnvi †nv‡mb †P․ayix B. KvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb C. KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg D. KvRx Ave`yj I`y` .DËi: A.
17. e½eÜz ¯§„wZweRwoZ avbgwÛi evmfeb‡K KZ mv‡j Rv`yN‡i iƒcvšÍi Kiv nq? [Rvwe C, Set-S; 2023-2024]
A. 1994 B. 1997 C. 1998 D. 1999 .DËi: A.
18. gyw³hy×Kvjxb miKv‡ii cÖavbgš¿x‡K Lywbiv eªvk dvqv‡ii nZ¨v K‡i KZ Zvwi‡L? [Rvwe C, Set-S; 2023-2024]
A. 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ B. 1975 mv‡ji 3 b‡f¤^i
C. 1975 mv‡ji 7 b‡f¤^i D. 1975 mv‡ji 14 wW‡m¤^i .DËi: B.
19. mZ¨wRr iv‡qi Pjw”PÎ ÔPviæjZvÕ iex›`ªbv‡_i †Kvb Mí Aej¤^‡b? [Rvwe C, Set-S; 2023-2024]
A. bóbxo B. ‡cv÷gv÷vi C. ‡LvKveveyi cÖZ¨veZ©b D. jvB‡eªix .DËi: A.
20. IqvbMvjv Kv‡`i Drme? [Rvwe C, Set-S; 2023-2024]
A. PvKgv‡`i B. gvigv‡`i C. Mv‡iv‡`i D. mvuIZvj‡`i .DËi: C.
21. wjI Uj÷q †Kvb †`‡ki I Kx wn‡m‡e weL¨vZ? [Rvwe C, Set-P; 2023-2024]
A. divwm, Kwe B. Bsj¨vÛ, MíKvi C. Rvg©vwb, bvU¨Kvi D. ivwkqv, Jcb¨vwmK .DËi: D.
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 47
22. Igi •Lqvg cvi‡m¨i GKRb- [Rvwe C, Set-P; 2023-2024]
A. Kwe B. MwYZwe` C. ‡R¨vwZwe©Ávbx D. c~‡e©i cÖ‡Z¨KwUB .DËi: D.
23. Ô`¨ wjUj wcÖÝÕ Kvi †jLv? [Rvwe C, Set-P; 2023-2024]
A. ievU© jyB w÷‡fbmb B. Av‡Zvuqv mvu `¨v G·y‡cwi C. wb‡Kv‡jv †gwKqv‡fwj D. Au‡`ª wR` .DËi: B.
24. nvig¨vb †gjwfj †Kvb †`‡ki †jLK? [Rvwe C, Set-P; 2023-2024]
A. Bsj¨vÛ B. Rvg©vwb C. ‡¯úb D. gvwK©b hy³ivóª .DËi: D.
25. ‣mq` IqvjxDjøvn †Kvb mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb? [Rvwe C, Set-P; 2023-2024]
A. 1923 B. 1922 C. 1925 D. 1926 .DËi: B.
26. `v‡šÍ m¤ú‡K© mwVK- [Rvwe C, Set-P; 2023-2024]
A. ‡¯úbxq ch©UK B. divwm bvU¨Kvi C. BZvjxq Kwe D. cZz©wMR `vk©wbK .DËi: C.
27. Ô`¨v evBmvB‡Kj w_dÕ GKwU- [Rvwe C, Set-P; 2023-2024]
A. bvUK B. Pjw”PÎ C. Dcb¨vm D. ‣eÁvwbK ZË¡ .DËi: B.
28. AvwKiv KzivmvIqv GKRb- [Rvwe C, Set-P; 2023-2024]
A. ‡Kvwiqvb Pjw”PÎKvi B. wPbv ivRbxwZwe` C. Rvcvwb Pjw”PÎKvi D. divwm fvlvwe` .DËi: C.
29. weRy †Kvb ai‡bi Drme? [Rvwe C, Set-P; 2023-2024]
A. ‣PÎmsµvwšÍ B. el©v D`hvcb C. weev‡ni Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ D. bevbœ .DËi: A.
30. Av‡d«v-Av‡gwiKvb †bZv gvwU©b jy_vi wKs KZ mv‡j kvwšÍ‡Z †bv‡ej cyi¯‥vi cvb? [Rvwe C, Set-P; 2023-2024]
A. 1955 B. 1960 C. 1961 D. 1964 .DËi: D.
31. ‡Kvb bvgwU mwVK? [Rvwe C, Set-R; 2023-2024]
A. m~h© w`Nj evwo B. m~h©-`xNj evwo C. m~h©-`xNj evox D. m~h©-w`Nj evwo .DËi: C.
32. ‡i‡b †`KvZ© GKRb- [Rvwe C, Set-R; 2023-2024]
A. Ij›`vR ewYK B. dviwm `vk©wbK C. myBwWk bvU¨Kvi D. BZvjxq ivRbxwZwe` .DËi: B.
33. fvi‡Z 1943 mv‡ji gbyl¨m„ó `ywf©‡ÿ weªwUk cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e Kv‡K `vqx Kiv nq? [Rvwe C, Set-R; 2023-2024]
A. m¨vi DBb÷b PvwP©j B. jW© KvR©b C. gvM©‡iU _¨vPvi D. ivbx wf‡±vwiqv .DËi: A.
34. Awef³ evsjvi `yBev‡ii cÖavbgš¿x GKB mgq wkÿv gš¿xi `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb Ggb †bZvi bvg wK? [Rvwe C, Set-R; 2023-2024]
A. ‡`keÜz wPËiÄb B. ‡ki-B-evsjv G †K dRjyj nK
C. weavb P›`ª ivq D. ‡nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x .DËi: B.
35. ‡Kvb b„-‡Mvôx gvZ…Zvwš¿K? [Rvwe C, Set-R; 2023-2024]
A. PvKgv B. gvigv C. ‡ivwn½v D. Mv‡iv .DËi: D.
36. Ôms¯‥…wZÕ kãwU evsjvq cÖPj‡b †K †K cÖavb f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib? [Rvwe C, Set-R; 2023-2024]
A. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi, mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq B. ivg‡gvnbivq, Ck^iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi
C. ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq, gaymy`b `Ë D. ivR‡kKi emy, cÖg_ †P․ayix .DËi: A.
37. I have Seen Bengal's Face g~jZ †Kvb fvlvq †Kvb Kwei †jLv? [Rvwe C, Set-R; 2023-2024]
A. Bs‡iwR, jW© ivqib B. ¯ú¨vwbk, wn‡gb_ C. dvwm©, nvwdR wmivwR D. evsjv, Rxebvb›` `vk .DËi: D.
38. wek^mvwnZ¨ †j․wKK gnvKve¨ †Kvb PviwU? [Rvwe C, Set-R; 2023-2024]
A. ‡gNbv`ea Kve¨, Bwb`, kvnvbvgv, `¨ c¨vivWvBm j÷
B. wWfvBb K‡gwWqv, ey×PwiZ, w` †dBwi KzBb, Avie¨ iRbx
C. ivgvqY, gnvfviZ, BwjqvW, IwWwm
D. wkïcvjea, gnvk¥kvb, e„Ëmsnvi, I‡givm .DËi: B.
39. fviZe‡l©i †Kvb †gvNj m¤ªvU mgš^qev`x wPšÍvi aviY evnK wQ‡jb? [Rvwe C, Set-R; 2023-2024]
A. m¤ªvU evei B. m¤ªvU ûgvqyb C. m¤ªvU AvKei D. m¤ªvU Rvnv½xi .DËi: D.
48 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
40. exi gyw³‡hv×v KvuKb wewe †Kvb m¤úª`v‡qi gvbyl wQ‡jb? [Rvwe C, Set-R; 2023-2024]
A. Lvwmqv B. gvigv C. Mv‡iv D. PvKgv .DËi: A.
41. ‡Kvb mvwnZ¨Kg© Wvqv‡¯úviv †jL‡Ki [Rvwe C, Set-N; 2023-2024]
A. A¨v nvDR di wg÷vi wek^vm B. `¨v Iìg¨vb A¨vÛ `¨v weªR
C. `¨v g¨vwRK gvD‡›Ub D. wm×v_© .DËi: A.
42. iex›`ªbv_ wek^mvwnZ¨ wb‡q evsjvq †Kv_vq e³…Zv K‡ib? [Rvwe C, Set-N; 2023-2024]
A. e½xq mvwnZ¨ cwilr B. RvZxq wkÿv cwil` C. KjKvZv wek^we`¨vjq D. XvKv wek^we`¨vjq .DËi: D.
43. Ae¨³ †Kvb weÁvbxi †jLv? [Rvwe C, Set-N; 2023-2024]
A. m‡Z¨b †evm B. RM`xk P›`ª emy C. gyn¤§` Kz`ivZ-G-Ly`v D. cÖdzjø P›`ª ivq .DËi: B.
44. Rv`yev¯Íeev` †Kvb A‡j †ewk cÖfve †d‡j‡Q [Rvwe C, Set-N; 2023-2024]
A. ga¨ Gwkqvq bvU¨PP©vq B. jvwZb Av‡gwiKvi K_vmvwn‡Z¨
C. c~e© BD‡iv‡ci KweZvq D. Avwd«Kvi wm‡bgvq .DËi: B.
45. wkíx Gm Gg myjZv‡bi Rb¥kZel© †Kvb mv‡j? [Rvwe C, Set-N; 2023-2024]
A. 2020 B. 2021 C. 2023 D. 2024 .DËi: C.
46. fvi‡Z cÖ_g †Kv_vq Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ wefvM cÖwZwôZ nq? [Rvwe C, Set-N; 2023-2024]
A. wP‡bi †eBwRs wek^we`¨vjq B. Rvcv‡bi †UvwKI wek^we`¨vjq
C. fvi‡Zi hv`ecyi wek^we`¨vjq D. `wÿY †Kvwiqvi wmDj wek^we`¨vjq .DËi: C.
47. mvwn‡Z¨ †bv‡ej cyi¯‥vi weRqx Ave`yi ivRvK ¸ibv †Kvb eQi XvKv wjU †d‡÷ G‡mwQ‡jb? [Rvwe C, Set-N; 2023-2024]
A. 2020 B. 2021 C. 2022 D. 2023 .DËi: D.
48. MxZvÄwj Abyev` K‡ib- [Rvwe C, Set-N; 2023-2024]
A. WweøD we B‡qUm B. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi C. i‡Ub÷vBb D. GRiv cvDÛ .DËi: B.
49. g¨vb eyKvi GKwU- [Rvwe C, Set-N; 2023-2024]
A. cÖKvkbvi bvg B. cÖwZôv‡bi bvg C. mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‥v‡ii bvg D. wek^we`¨vj‡qi bvg .DËi: C.
50. ‡Kvb e¨w³ †bv‡ej cyi¯‥vi I A¯‥vi cyi¯‥vi `y‡UvB †c‡q‡Qb? [Rvwe C, Set-N; 2023-2024]
A. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi B. ee wWjvb C. RR© evb©vW© k D. Mvweª‡qj Mvwm©qv gv‡K©R.DËi: C.
e½eÜz Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‥…wZ Bbw÷wUDU Gi weMZ mv‡ji cÖ‡kœi 100%
mwVK mgvavb 2022-2023 wkÿvel©
1. In an Antique Land (1992) MÖš’wUi iPwqZv †K wQ‡jb? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: J]
A. GWIqvW© WweøD mvC` B. AwgZvf †Nvl C. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi D. ‡kix IU©bvi .DËi : B.
2. wPbyqv Av‡P‡e †Kvb †`‡k Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: J]
A. wPb B. ‡Kwbqv C. Nvbv D. bvB‡Rwiqv .DËi : D.
3. Ôwek^ mvwnZ¨Õ kãwU cÖ_g †K e¨envi K‡iwQ‡jb? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: J]
A. †Rvnvb Ij‡dv Ms db †M¨v‡q‡U B. m¨vi we`¨vai m~h© cÖmv` bvBcj
C. m¨vgy‡qj evUjvi B‡qUm D. †Wvwim †jwms .DËi : A.
4. cvObiv †Kvb ag©vej¤^x? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: J]
A. wn›`y B. wLªóvb C. †e․× D. Bmjvg .DËi : D.
5. b„-‡Mvôxi •ewkó¨ †KvbwU? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: J]
A. e„nr Rb‡Mvôxi b¨vq fvlv B. ¯^vRvZ¨‡ev‡ai Abycw¯’wZ
C. ag©, bies‡k Avjv`v D. ÿz`ª Rb‡Mvôxi e„nr Ask .DËi : A.
6. Av`vg Kx? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: J]
A. PvKgv cwievi¸”Q B. gvigv‡`i MÖvg C. Mv‡iv‡`i MÖvg cÖavb D. Lvwmqv‡`i †MvÎ .DËi : A.
7. G_‡bvMÖvwd Kx? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: J]
A. wdKkb B. Dcb¨vm C. ‡QvUMí D. MÖš’we‡kl .DËi : Nill.
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 49
8. Writing Culture (1986) MÖ‡š’i m¤úv`K؇qi bvg Kx? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: J]
A. ‡Rgm wK¬‡dvW© I RR© gvK©vm B. weòz †` I eyׇ`e emy
C. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi I KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg D. Kvj© gv· I wmMgyÛ d«‡qW .DËi : A.
9. gyw³hy‡× cveZ©¨ PÆMÖvg †Kvb †m±‡ii Aax‡b wQj? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: J]
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 .DËi : A.
10. e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvq KZ b¤^i Avmvwg Kiv n‡qwQj? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: J]
A. 35 B. 34 C. 1 D. 2 .DËi : C.
11. cvðvZ¨ RM‡Z Awfav‡bi m~ÎcvZ †Kv_vq nq? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: K]
A. wMÖ‡m B. ‡iv‡g C. Rvg©vwb‡Z D. Bsj¨v‡Û .DËi : A.
12. ‡Kvb mvwnZ¨Kg©wU Wvqvm‡cviv †jL‡Ki †jLv? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: K]
A. `¨ Iì A¨vÛ `¨ wm B. G nvDm di wg÷vi wek^vm C. Rvwg©bvj D. `¨ g¨vwRK gvD‡›UBb .DËi : B.
13. WweøD we B‡qUm †Kvb eB‡qi f‚wgKv wj‡L‡Qb? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: K]
A. MxZvÄwj B. ebjZv †mb C. ms Advwism D. `¨ c¨viUm †Uj .DËi : A.
14. iƒcmx evsjv Kve¨MÖ‡š’i cÖ”Q` Avu‡Kb †Kvb Pjw”PÎKvi? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: K]
A. g„Yvj †mb B. FwZ¡K NUK C. mZ¨wRr ivq D. AcY©v †mb .DËi : C.
15. ‣mq` IqvwjDjøvni Rb¥kZevwl©Kx †Kvb mv‡j? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: K]
A. 1999 B. 2020 C. 2022 D. 2023 .DËi : C.
16. g„Yvj †m‡bi Rb¥ †Kv_vq? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: K]
A. dwi`cyi B. weµgcyi C. cyiæwjqv D. KjKvZv .DËi : A.
17. Pv³vB ZzwK©‡Z †Kvb m¤ªvU AvZ¥Rxebx †j‡Lb? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: K]
A. m¤ªvU kvnRvnvb B. m¤ªvU evei C. m¤ªvU AvKei D. m¤ªvU Rvnv½xi .DËi : B.
18. Ae¨³ MÖš’wU †Kvb weÁvbxi †jLv? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: K]
A. m‡Z¨b †evm B. cÖdzjø P›`ª ivq C. RM`xkP›`ª emy D. ivgvbyR .DËi : C.
19. gyw³hy‡× gqgbwmsn †Kvb †m±‡i Aax‡b wQj? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: K]
A. 8 B. 5 C. 10 D. 11 .DËi : D.
20. hy³d«›U gš¿xmfvq e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb Kx welqK gš¿x wQ‡jb? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: K]
A. ¯^ivóª B. K…wl C. ciivóª D. eb I cvU .DËi : B.
21. ÔGZ f½ e½‡`k Zey e‡½ fivÕ- Kvi Dw³? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: L]
A. gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë B. ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq C. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi D. Ck^iP›`ª ¸ß .DËi : D.
22. evOvwjiv g~jZ †h Rb‡Mvôx †_‡K AvMZ- [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: L]
A. K‡Kkxq B. ‡gv½jxq C. ‡WwfW D. ûb .DËi : C.
23. jv‡nvi cÖ¯Íve DÌvwcZ nq- [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: L]
A. 1942 mv‡j B. 1946 mv‡j C. 1945 mv‡j D. 1943 mv‡j .DËi : Nill.
24. cÖvPxb evsjvq cyЪea©b wQj eZ©gv‡bi- [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: L]
A. e¸ov, w`bvRcyi, ivRkvnx B. ea©gvb, exif‚g, cyiæwjqv
C. Kzwgjøv, †bvqvLvwj, PÆMÖvg D. Lyjbv, ev‡MinvU, ewikvj .DËi : A.
25. beve wmivRD‡Ï․jvi ivRZ¡Kvj wQj- [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: L]
A. 1 eQi B. 6 gvm C. 4 gvm D. 8 gvm .DËi : A.
26. Av‡jRvÛvi fviel© AvµgY K‡iwQ‡jb- [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: L]
A. wLªóc~e© 4_© kZvãx‡Z B. wLªóc~e© 5g kZvãx‡Z C. wLªóc~e© 6ô kZvãx‡Z D. wLªóc~e© 3q kZvãx‡Z .DËi : A.
27. cÖ_g †Kvb ¯^vaxbZvKvgx GKRb fvBmi‡qi cÖvYbvk Ki‡Z mÿg nb? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: L]
A. ‡ki Avwj Lvb B. RMr wms C. ÿzw`ivg emy D. webq emy .DËi : A.
28. Abœ`vk¼i ivq GKRb- [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: L]
A. QovKvi B. Jcb¨vwmK C. ‡QvUMíKvi D. Dc‡ii c‡Z¨KwUB .DËi : A.
29. gyw³hy‡× mKj †b․c_ †Kvb †m±‡ii Aax‡b wQj? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: L]
A. 8 B. 9 C. 10 D. 11 .DËi : C.
50 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
30. gyw³hy‡×i ci cvwK¯Ívb K‡e e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K gyw³ †`q? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: L]
A. 7 Rvbyqvwi, 1972 B. 8 Rvbyqvwi, 1972 C. 9 Rvbyqvwi, 1972 D. 10 Rvbyqvwi, 1972 .DËi : B.
31. mvwn‡Z¨ †bv‡ejRqx †Kvb e¨w³ gyw³hy‡×i c‡ÿ Mvb †M‡qwQ‡jb? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: M]
A. AgZ©¨ †mb B. AwfwRr webvqvK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq C. A¨vjvb wMÝevM© D. ee wWjvb .DËi : D.
32. evsjvq wek^mvwnZ¨ wb‡q †K cÖ_g †Kv_vq e„³…Zv K‡ib? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: M]
A. eyׇ`e emy, hv`ecyi wek^we`¨vjq B. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi, RvZxq wkÿv cwil`
C. W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn, XvKv wek^we`¨vjq D. ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævca¨vq, e½xq mvwnZ¨ cwilr .DËi : C.
33. fvieZe‡l©i me‡P‡q Avw` RbRvwZi bvg Kx? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: M]
A. kei B. gyiO C. gwbcyix D. Rv‡ivqv .DËi : B.
34. cvi‡m¨i †Kvb Kwe evsjvi myjZvb wMqvm DwÏb AvRg kvn‡K wb‡q KweZv wj‡LwQ‡jb? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: M]
A. Rvjvj DwÏb iæwg B. ‡kL mv`x C. nvwdR wmivRx D. Igi •Lqvg .DËi : C.
35. kv¯¿xq m½x‡Z I¯Ív` AvjvDwÏb Lv‡qi wbR¯^ m„wó †Kvb Nivbv? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: M]
A. ‡Mvqvwjqvi Nivbv B. gvwnqvi Nivbv C. weòzcyi Nivbv D. evivYmx wgkÖ Nivbv .DËi : B.
36. KZ Zvwi‡L MYcwil‡`i cÖ_g Awa‡ek‡b Lmov msweavb cÖYqb KwgwU MVb Kiv nq? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: M]
A. 1972 mv‡ji 25 gvP© B. 1972 mv‡ji 26 gvP© C. 1972 mv‡ji 10 GwcÖj D. 1972 mv‡ji 30 Ryb .DËi : C.
37. KZ mv‡j bvix exiv½bv‡`i gyw³hy‡×i ¯^xK…wZ †`b miKvi? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: M]
A. 1972 B. 1973 C. 1979 D. 2016 .DËi : B.
38. 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i cvwK¯Ívb nvbv`vi evwnbxi KZ m`m¨ AvZ¥mgcY© K‡i? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: M]
A. 1 jÿ 30 nvRvi B. 93 nvRvi C. 85 nvRvi D. 30 nvRvi .DËi : B.
39. gyw³hy‡× my›`ieb †Kvb †m±‡ii Aax‡b wQj? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: M]
A. 8 B. 9 C. 10 D. 11 .DËi : B.
40. e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb KLb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x nb? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU 2022-2023- SET CODE: M]
A. 10 GwcÖj, 1971 B. 17 GwcÖj, 1971 C. 11 Rvbyqvwi, 1972 D. 12 Rvbyqvwi, 1972 .DËi : D.
e½eÜz Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‥…wZ Bbw÷wUDU Gi weMZ mv‡ji cÖ‡kœi 100%
mwVK mgvavb 2021-2022 wkÿvel©
1. ÔjvjmvjyÕ †Kvb Pjw”PÎ cwiPvjK wbg©vY K‡ib? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU - SET CODE: O]
A. ‣mq` IqvjxDjøvn B. Zvbfxi †gvKv‡¤§j C. mZ¨wRr ivq D. g„Yvj ‡mb .DËi : B.
2. jyB eyby‡qj †K I †Kvb †`‡ki Awaevmx? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU - SET CODE: O]
A. GKRb Pjw”PKvi, cZz©Mvj B. GKRb wPÎKi, divwm
C. GKRb Jcb¨vwmK, myB‡Wb D. GKRb Pjw”PÎKvi, †¯úb .DËi : D.
3. `¨v AvU© Ae Iqvi-Gi iPwqZv †K Ges †Kvb †`‡ki? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU - SET CODE: O]
A. mvb Ry, wPb B. jvr †m, Rvcvb C. mvb Ry, †Kvwiqv D. ‡Z gy wRb, g‡½vwjqv .DËi : A.
4. ‡K․wUj¨ weL¨vZ MÖ‡š’i bvg Kx? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU - SET CODE: O]
A. cÂZš¿ B. kKzšÍjv C. A_©kv¯¿ D. Diæf½ .DËi : C.
5. Ô‡`‡k-we‡`‡kÕi NUbv¯’j †Kvb †`‡k? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU - SET CODE: O]
A. weki B. AvdMvwb¯Ívb C. we‡jZ D. Bivb .DËi : B.
6. wdI`i `¯Í‡qfw¯‥ Rb¥mvj- [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU - SET CODE: O]
A. 1822 B. 1820 C. 1828 D. 1821 .DËi : D.
7. ÔMí¸”QÕi †kl MíwUi bvg Kx? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU - SET CODE: K]
A. AcwiwPZv B. gymjgvbxi Mí C. ‣ngšÍx D. ‡cv÷gv÷vi .DËi : B.
8. ÔA_©‡jv‡fi Avkvq wjL‡jÕ Kx N‡U- [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU - SET CODE: K]
A. Ô‡jvKviÄb-cÖe„wËÕ cÖej nq B. ÔcvV‡Ki iæwPÕ bó nq
C. Ô‡m․›`h©-m„wóÕ nq D. Ôwe`¨vcÖKv‡kiÕ cÖ‡Póv Ae¨vnZ _v‡K . .DËi : B.
9. Ôwb‡Ri †Q‡jI A‡bKw`b bv †`L‡j fz‡j hvq! Avwg hLb †R‡j hvB ZLb Ii eqm K‡qK gvm|Õ †Kvb eQ‡ii †R‡ji cÖm‡½ e‡j‡Qb? [Rvwe ÔCÕ
BDwbU - SET CODE: K]
A. 1948 B. 1949 C. 1950 D. 1952 .DËi : C.
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 51
10. Ôhvi wb‡Ri a‡g© wek^vm Av‡Q, †h wb‡Ri a‡g©i mZ¨‡K wP‡b‡Q, †m KL‡bv Ab¨ ag©‡K N„Yv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|Õ- †Kvb cÖe‡Üi PiY? [Rvwe
ÔCÕ BDwbU - SET CODE: K]
A. gvbe-Kj¨vY B. wkÿvwPšÍv C. Avgvi c_ D. ivqvbœi w`b¸wj .DËi : C.
11. 'I have a Dream' Dw³wU Kvi? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU - SET CODE: K]
A. gvwU©b jy_vi wKs Rywbqi B. wmMgÛ d«‡qW C. G wc †R Ave`yj Kvjvg D. gvwU©b jy_vi wKs .DËi : A.
12. Ô‡gvi ey‡K †hev Kei †eu‡a‡Q Avwg Zv‡i ey‡K awiÕ- †Kvb KweZv? [Rvwe ÔCÕ BDwbU - SET CODE: K]
A. cÖwZ`vb B. mvg¨ev`x
C. AvVv‡iv eQi eqm D. Avwg wKse`wšÍi K_v ejwQ .DËi : A.
I- BDwbU e½eÜz Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‥…wZ Bbw÷wUDU Gi weMZ mv‡ji cÖ‡kœi 100% mwVK mgvavb
2020-2021 wkÿvel©
01. mZ¨wRr iv‡qi Pjw”PÎ ÔPviæjZvÕ iex›`ªbv‡_i †Kvb Mí Aej¤^‡b?
A. bóbxo B. ‡cv÷gv÷vi C. ‡LvKveveyi cÖZ¨veZ©b D. jvB‡eªwi .DËi: A.
02. gvwU©b jy_vi wKs †Kvb mv‡j I have a Dream fvlY w`‡qwQ‡jb?
A. 1963 B. 1964 C. 1965 D. 1970 .DËi: A.
03. fviZ kvmb AvBb cvm nq-
A. 1958 mv‡ji 2 AvM÷ B. 1857 mv‡ji 21 wW‡m¤^i
C. 1805 mv‡ji 21 gvP© D. 1859 mv‡ji 21 wW‡m¤^i .DËi: Nill.
04. ‡nbwi wfwfqvb wW‡ivwRI m¤ú‡K© fzj Z_¨ n‡jv-
A. GKRb Kwe B. Bqs‡e½‡ji gš¿Yv`vZv C. GKRb bxjKi mv‡ne D. GKRb BD‡iwk‡qv wkÿK .DËi: C.
05. ÔAvgvi fvB‡qi i‡³ ivOv‡bv GKz‡k †deªæqvwiÕ MvbwUi cÖ_g myiKvi †K?
A. AvjZvd gvngy` B. kPxb †`e eg©Y C. Ave`yj jwZd D. ‡Mvwe›` nvj`vi .DËi: C.
06. ‡mvgcyi gnvwenvi Kvi kvmbvg‡j •Zwi n‡qwQ‡jv?
A. ag©cvj B. Rqcvj C. ‡Mvcvj D. g‡n›`ªcvj .DËi: A.
07. evsjv‡`wk es‡kv™¢‚Z iæk bvMwiK wRgb¨v÷ gviMvwiUv gvgyb †Kvb †Ljvq Awjw¤úK Rq K‡ib?
A. wi`wgK wRg‡bw÷K B. AvwU©w÷K wRg‡bw÷K C. Uªv‡¤úvwjwbs D. Uv¤^wjs .DËi: A.
08. bvIqvwg Aw¼Z wP‡Î †Kvb ivR‣bwZK e¨w³‡Z¡i cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q?
A. Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx B. e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb
C. ‡nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x© D. ‡k‡ievsjv G.‡K. dRjyj nK .DËi: B.
09. Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebxi NUbv KZ mvj ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z?
A. 1967 B. 1952 C. 1955 D. 1968 .DËi: C.
10. e½Üz‡K wb‡q we‡kl wdj¥ •Zwi Ki‡Qb-
A. wiPvW© AvUbev‡iv B. k¨vg †e‡bMvj C. Zvbfxi †gvKv‡¤§j D. ‡M․Zg †Nvl .DËi: B.
11. e½eÜzi gwš¿mfvq ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g †UK‡bvµ¨vU A_©gš¿x †K wQ‡jb?
A. ZvRDÏxb Avng` B. K¨v‡Þb gbmyi Avjx C. AvwRRyi ingvb gwjøK D. W. Iqvwn`yj nK .DËi: C.
12. 1973 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi ci e½eÜz MwVZ gwš¿mfvq †Kvb `y Rb bvix‡K `vwqZ¡ †`qv n‡qwQ‡jv?
A. e`iæ‡bœmv Avng` Ges b~iRvnvb gywk©` B. ‡mwjbv †nv‡mb Ges mywdqv Kvgvj
C. myjZvbv Kvgvj Ges †mwjbv †eMg D. ‡eMg mv‡R`v Ges †Rvniv ZvRDÏxb .DËi: A.
13. ÔKbmvU© di evsjv‡`kÕ m¤ú‡K© wb‡Pi †Kvb Z_¨wU wVK bq-
A. wkíx iwek¼‡ii D‡`¨v‡M Av‡qvwRZ B. wbDBq‡K© AbywôZ
C. wkíx jvq‡bi wiwPi AskMÖnY wQj D. RR© n¨vwim‡bi AskMÖnY wQj .DËi: C.
14. exi gyw³‡hv×v KvuKb wewe †Kvb m¤úª`v‡qi wQ‡jb?
A. Lvwmqv B. gvigv C. Mv‡iv D. PvKgv .DËi: A.
52 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
15. e½eÜz cÖ_g K‡e cÖavbgš¿xi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib?
A. 1972 mv‡ji 12 Rvbyqvwi B. 1972 mv‡ji 26 gvP©
C. 1973 mv‡ji 17 gvP© D. 1973 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i .DËi: A.
I- BDwbU e½eÜz Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‥…wZ Bbw÷wUDU Gi weMZ mv‡ji cÖ‡kœi 100% mwVK mgvavb
2019-2020 wkÿvel©
01. 17 gvP© 1967 e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi eqm KZ n‡qwQj?
A. 47 eQi B. 37 eQi C. 40 eQi D. 45 eQi .DËi: A.
02. ÔKvivMv‡ii †ivRbvgPvÕi f‚wgKv wj‡L‡Qb-
A. Avwbmy¾vgvb B. ‡kL nvwmbv C. ‡kL gywReyi ingvb D. gwnDwÏb Avn‡g` .DËi: B.
03. evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi KZ bs Aby‡”Q‡` msweavb ms‡kva‡bi weavb i‡q‡Q?
A. 142 B. 245 C. 472 D. 354 .DËi: A.
04. wm‡µU WKz‡g›Um Ae B‡›Uwj‡RÝ eªv Ab dv`vi Ae w` †bkvb e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb MÖš’ KZ mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq?
A. 1971 B. 1975 C. 2017 D. 2018 .DËi: D.
05. Qq`dv Kg©m~wP †NvwlZ nq-
A. 1967 mv‡j B. 1966 mv‡j C. 1968 mv‡j D. 1969 mv‡j .DËi: B.
06. Ô‡m‡Þ¤^i Ab h‡kvi †ivWÕ KweZvwU myiv‡ivc K‡ib-
A. A¨v‡jb wMÝevM© B. ee wWjvb C. ee gv‡j© D. wWjvb Ugvm .DËi: A.
07. cvi‡m¨i †Kvb Kwe wMqvmDwÏb AvRg kvn‡K w`Iqvb wj‡L cvwV‡qwQ‡jb?
A. ‡kL mv`x B. Igi •Lqvg C. nvwdR wmivRx D. ‡di‡`․mx Zzmx .DËi: A.
08. ÔAmgvß AvZ¥RxebxÕi cÖ”Q` Gu‡K‡Qb †Kvb wkíx?
A. mgi gRyg`vi B. KvBqyg †P․ayix C. kvnveyÏxb Avn‡g` D. `ªæeK Gl .DËi: A.
09. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g cZvKvi bKkvKvix †K?
A. Kvgiæj nvmvb B. Aveyj eviK Avjfx C. nvwg`yi ingvb D. wke bvivqY `vm .DËi: D.
10. BD‡b‡¯‥v K‡e e½eÜzi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY‡K we‡k^i cÖvgvY¨ HwZn¨ wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡i?
A. 2016 mv‡ji 30 A‡±vei B. 2017 mv‡ji 30 A‡±vei
C. 2016 mv‡ji 30 gvP© D. 2017 mv‡ji 30 Rvbyqvwi .DËi: B.
11. gKeyj wd`v û‡mb g~jZ GKRb-
A. wPÎwkíx B. MxwZKvi C. Jcb¨vwmK D. Kwe .DËi: A.
12. Aciv‡Rq evsjv fv¯‥h©wU †Kvb wkíxKZ…©K wbwg©Z?
A. kvgxg wmK`vi B. ‣mq` Avãyjøvn Lvwj` C. b‡fiv Avn‡g` D. g„Yvj nK .DËi: B.
13. cÖ_g ÔwbDBqK© wcm †mvmvBwUÕi cÖwZôvZv †K?
A. ‡nbwi wiPvW© B. DBwjqvg G‡jb C. ‡WwfW j WR D. ‡ewbb .DËi: C.
14. cø¨vw÷‡Ki gy`ªv Pvjy nq †Kvb †`‡k?
A. mywibvg B. eªvwRj C. ‡ivgvwbqv D. `wÿY Avwd«Kv .DËi: B.
15. c‡bi eQi iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii cÖKvwkZ Kve¨MÖš’ †KvbwU?
A. fvbywmsn VvKz‡ii c`vejx B. gvbmx
C. ebdzj D. ‡mvbvi Zix .DËi: C.
16. Av‡d«v-Av‡gwiKvb †bZv gvwU©b jy_vi wKs KZ mv‡j kvwšÍ‡Z †bv‡ej cyi¯‥vi cvb?
A. 1955 B. 1960 C. 1964 D. 1961 .DËi: C.
17. Kíbv PvIjv KZ mv‡j bvmvq †hvM`vb K‡ib?
A. 1970 B. 1960 C. 1986 D. 1988 .DËi: D.
 Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU 53
I- BDwbU e½eÜz Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‥…wZ Bbw÷wUDU Gi weMZ mv‡ji cÖ‡kœi 100% mwVK mgvavb
2018-2019 wkÿvel©
01. gyw³hy×Kvjxb miKv‡ii cÖavbgš¿x‡K cÖwZwecøexiv eªvkdvqv‡i nZ¨v K‡i KZ Zvwi‡L?
A. 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvMó B. 1975 mv‡ji 3 b‡f¤^i
C. 1975 mv‡ji 7 b‡f¤^i D. 1975 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i .DËi: B.
02. c~e© cvwK¯Ívb AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi cªwZóvZv mfvcwZi bvg wK?
A. †kL gywReyi ingvb B. †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn C. gvIjvbv fvmvbx D. Aveyj nvwmg .DËi: C.
03. evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb K‡e Kvh©Kifv‡e cÖewZ©Z nq?
A. 12 A‡±vei, 1972 B. 26 gvP©, 1972 C. 21 †deªæqvwi, 1972 D. 16 wW‡m¤^i, 1972 .DËi: D.
04. ÔAmgvß AvZ¥RxebxÕ -Gi f~wgKv wj‡L‡Qb †K?
A. †kL gwReyi ingvb B. ZvRDwÏb Avng` C. •mq` bRiæj Bmjvg D. †kL nvwmbv .DËi: D.
05. 1966 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi‡Z †Kvb ¯’v‡b we‡ivax `jmg~‡ni RvZxq m‡¤§j‡b 6 `dv `vwe †ck Kiv nq?
A. XvKvq B. Bmjvgvev‡` C. jv‡nv‡i D. KivwP‡Z .DËi: C.
06. evsjv‡`‡k emevm K‡i bv-
A. gwYcyix B. ivReskx C. Rv‡ivqv D. kei .DËi: C.
07. gyw³hy×Kv‡j evsjv‡`k‡K KqwU †m±‡ifvM Kiv nq?
A. mvZwU B. bqwU C. `kwU [Link]‡ivwU .DËi: D.
08. evsjvi †Kvb myjZv‡bi cvi‡m¨i Kwe nvwd‡Ri m‡½ cÎvjvc n‡qwQj?
A. wMqvm DwÏb AvRg kvn B. gywk©` Kzjx Luv C. kv‡q¯Ív Lvu D. myjZvb gvngy` .DËi: A.
09. ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× Ae`vb ivLvi Rb¨ KZRb gwnjv‡K exicÖZxK Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ Kiv nq?
A.`yBRb [Link] Rb C. cvuP Rb D. mvZ Rb .DËi: A.
10. ‡Kvb †gvNj m¤ªvU cÖ_b AvZ¥Rxebx wj‡L‡Qb?
A. m¤ªvU AvKei B. m¤ªvU ûgvqyb C. m¤ªvU evei D. m¤ªvU Rvnv½xi .DËi: C.
11. Iqvb †W †Z bvf©vm bvBw›U‡R evsjv‡`wk e¨vUmg¨vb‡`i g‡a¨ m‡e©v”P †¯‥vi 2009 mv‡j gykwdKzi iwn‡gi, †Kvb `‡ji wec‡ÿ?
A. wR¤^vey‡q B. cvwK¯Ívb C. wbDwRj¨vÛ D. I‡qó BwÐR .DËi: A.
12. ‡evm-AvBb÷vBb Z‡Ë¡i m‡Z¨b emy cÖ_g Rxe‡b †Kvb wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK wQ‡jb?
A. KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq B. XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq C. A·‡dvW© wek¦we`¨vjq D. w`wjø wek¦we`¨vjq .DËi: A.
13. Kvj© gvK©‡mi Rb¥ wØkZevwl©Kx KZ Zvwi‡L cvwjZ nq?
A. 2018 m‡ji 5 †g B. 2015 mv‡ji 10 Ryb
C. 2018 mv‡ji 22 gvP© D. 2017 mv‡j 17 A‡±vei .DËi: A.
14. Ôiæcmx evsjvÕ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i GB cÖ‡”Q`wU †K Gu‡KwQ‡jb?
[Link]¨wRr ivq B. b›`jvj emy C. Rqbyj Av‡ew`b [Link]æj nvmvb .DËi: A.
15. wkíKg©wU Kvi?
[Link]Ïb Avn‡g` B. Kvgiæj nvmvb C. mwdDwÏb Avn‡g` D. KvBqyg †P․ayix .DËi: A.
16. ÔjvjmvjyÕ Pjw”P‡Îi wbg©vZv †K?
A. •mq` IqvjxDjøvn B. †gvi‡k`yj Bmjvg C. Zvbfxi †gvKv‡¤§j D. Rwni ivqnvb .DËi: C.
17. fvi‡Z 1943 mv‡ji gvbyl¨m„ó `ywf©‡ÿ weªwUk cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e Kv‡K `vqx Kiv nq?
A. ivwb wf‡±vwiqv B. m¨vi DB÷b PvwP©j C. gvM©‡iU _¨vPvi D. Uwb †eøqvi .DËi: B.
18. mvBevi µvBgÕ AvB‡bi Lmovi bvg Kx?
A. wWwRUvj mvBevi µvBg j 2015 B. wWwRUvj wbivcËv AvBb 2018
C. wWwRUvj mvBevi j 2018Ô D. wWwRUvj wbivcËv AvBb 2018 .DËi: D.
19. Ôev‡Kk¦ix wkí cÖeÜejxÕ Kvi iPbv?
A. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi B. Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKzi
C. b›`jvj emy D. Kvgiæj nvmvb .DËi: D.
54 Zzjbvg~iK mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ Bbw÷wUDU
20. ÔKgj-nx‡ii cv_iUv‡K e‡j we‡`¨, Avi Ii †_‡K †h Av‡jv wVK‡i c‡o Zv‡KB e‡j KvjPvi|Õ †Kvb MÖ‡š’i Dw³?
A. ms¯‥…wZ-K_v B. †k‡li KweZv
C. ms¯‥…wZi fvOv †mZz D. `¨v †jv‡Kkb Ae KvjPvi .DËi: B.
21. c~e©e½ miKv‡ii cÖPvi wefv‡M GwWkbvj mO AM©vbvBRvi wn‡m‡e †Kvb cjøxMxwZ wkíx `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib?
A. Avãyj Avjxg B. AveŸvmDwÏb Avn¤§` [Link] Ave`yj Kwig D. RvjvjDwÏb Lvu .DËi: B.
22. Awef³ evsjvi `yBev‡ii cÖavbgš¿x GKBmg‡q wkÿvgš¿xi `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb, Ggb †bZvi bvg Kx
A. gIjvbv fvmvbx B. G †K dRjyj nK C. AvZvDi ingvb Lvb D. weavb P›`ª ivq .DËi: B.
23. Av›`vgv‡b eojvU‡K nZ¨v K‡ib?
A. †ki Avwj Avwd«w` B. evNv hZxb C. m~h© †mb D. cÖxwZjZv .DËi: A.
24. wek¦ eB w`em KZ ZvwiL Ges †Kvb †Kvb mvwnZ¨ e¨w³‡Z¡i ¯^i‡Y cvjb Kivnq?
A. 23 GwcÖj, †k·wcqi I mvf©v‡šÍ‡mi ¯^i‡Y B. 21 Rvbyqvwi, †nvgvi I Zj¯Í‡ii ¯^i‡Y
C. 8 gvP©, ¸‡UbevM© I n¨vwbg¨v‡bi ¯^i‡Y D. 7 †g, †M¨v‡q‡U I iex›`ªbv‡_i ¯^i‡Y .DËi: A.
25. LvÐe`vnb NUbvwU †Kvb iPbvq N‡U‡Q?
A. ivgvqY B. gnvfviZ C. kKzšÍjv D. gnvk¥kvb .DËi: B.
26. evsjv GKv‡Wwg K‡e cÖwZwôZ nq?
A. 1955 mv‡j B. 1953 m‡j C. 1952 mv‡j D. 1960 mv‡j .DËi: A.
27. Ôms¯‥…wZÕ kãwU evsjvq cÖPj‡b †K †K cÖavb f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib?
A. ew¼gP›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq, gaym~`b `Ë B. ivg‡gvnb ivq, Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi
C. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi, mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq D. cÖ_g †P․ayix, ivR‡kLi emy .DËi: C.
28. gnvfviZ †K wjwce× K‡iwQ‡jb?
A.K…ò‣Øcvqb †e`e¨vm B. M‡Yk C. we&òy D. fff~wZ .DËi: A.
29. ms¯‥…wZ K_v eBwU Kvi †jLv
A. KvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb B. †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †P․ayix
C. iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi D. mybxwZKzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq .DËi: B.
30. wb‡Pi †KvbwU b„ZvwË¡K `„wófw½i •ewkó¨?
A. mvs¯‥…wZK wfbœZv †`Lvi †ÿ‡Î •RweK e¨vL¨v‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`qv B. G_‡bv‡mw›UªRg
C. ¯^Zš¿ e¨w³‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`qv D. cÖwZôvb I ixwZbxwZi †kqviW cvVK ¸iæZ¡ †`qv .DËi: C.