Prove this using identity integration and property-based approach where from each point (√a²−b², 0) and (−√a²−b², 0) to line xcosθ+ysinθ=1: Use |Ax1 + By1 + C|/sqrt(A²+B²) and substitute moment of point distance to line, equal integration from line symmetry and orthogonal basis. The product of distances cancels orthogonal components squaring fixed terms, resulting in equation b² .

To validate p² + 4q² = k, consider lines xcosθ−ysinθ=kcos²θ and xsecθ+y−cosecθ=k. Use unit length perpendicular distance formula on transformation of sin and cos in angle basis applying algebraic identity on trigonometric parameter invariants. Integrate cos²θ algebraic transformation on y-minus behaviour components and perpendicular term reduction accordingly results in manifested factor equality p² + 4q² = k .

The reflection of a point across a line involves calculating the perpendicular foot from the point to the line and using symmetry. For point (4, -13) and line 5x + y + 6 = 0, find the line perpendicular to 5x + y + 6 = 0 through (4, -13) by equating slopes of the line and perpendicular line to -1, compute the intersection, and use midpoint formula (point to line intersection equals twice reflection point minus initial point coordinates). The reflection gives point (-1, -14).

To calculate the distance from point P(1, -3) to the line 2y - 3x = 4, use the formula: Distance = |Ax1 + By1 + C| / sqrt(A² + B²), where the line is Ax + By + C = 0. Substituting (x1, y1) = (1, -3), A = -3, B = 2, and C = -4, the distance = |-3(1) + 2(-3) - 4| / sqrt((-3)^2 + 2^2) = |-3 - 6 - 4| / sqrt(13) = 13 / sqrt(13), which simplifies to √13 .

The inclination of the line with the positive x-axis is 45 degrees, as the line equation x - y + 3 = 0 can be rewritten in the slope-intercept form as y = x + 3. The slope of the line is 1, which corresponds to an inclination of 45 degrees .

To find the reflection point on the x-axis of a light ray passing from (1, 2) and reflected to (5, 3), observe that the x-coordinate of reflection A is the mid-point on x-axis influenced by both paths and symmetry across y, thus the y-coordinate must be 0. To find x-coordinate solve x1 + x2 = 2x_A, hence 1 + 5 = 2x_A results in x_A = 3. So, point A is (3, 0).

To find the foot of the perpendicular from point (2, 3) to the line x + y - 11 = 0, use the formula which transforms the point (x1, y1) to the nearest point on the line. The equation x + y = 11 rearranges to Ax + By + C = 0 with A = 1, B = 1, C = -11. The foot of the perpendicular (x, y) from a point (x1, y1) is given by x = (B(Bx1 - Ay1) - AC)/(A^2 + B^2) and y = (A(-Bx1 + Ay1) - BC)/(A^2 + B^2). Substituting the values, the coordinates of the foot are (5, 6).

To derive the equation of a line bisected at (1, 5) between lines 5x - y + 4 = 0 and 3x + 4y - 4 = 0, find points where both lines intersect this intermediate line. Substitute the mid-point into the line equation in slope-intercept form based on derived slope. Find slope 'm' using relative differences in coefficients from given lines. By substitution and solving point form equation, derive y - y1 = m(x - x1), with known mid-point (1, 5). The line equation so determined is valid .