2. Projections of Lines.

Class Work Problems:

1. A line AB, 80 mm long, is inclined at 45° to the H.P. and 30° to the VP. Its end 'A' is30
mm in front of V.P. and 20 mm above HP. Draw its projection.

2. A line AB, 65 mm long has its end 'A' 20 above the H.P. and 25 mm in front of the V.P.
The end B is 40 mm above H.P. and 60 mm in front of the V.P. Draw the projections of
AB and shows its inclinations with the H.P. and the V.P.

3. The front view of a line AB is 60 mm long and is inclined at 60°to XY line. The end point
A, is 12 mm above H.P. and 25 mm in front of V.P. Draw the projections of the line if it is
inclined at 45° to the H.P. and is located in the first dihedral angle. Find the true length and
true inclinations of the line with V.P.

4. The front view of a straight line CD is 50 mm long and is inclined at 60° to XY. The end
point C, is 10 mm above H.P. and 20 mm in front of V.P. Draw the projections of the line
if it is inclined at 45° to the V.P. and is located in the first dihedral angle. Find true length
and also the angle of inclination of the line with the H.P.

5. The front view of 85 mm long straight-line AB measures 60 mm while its top view
measures 70 mm. Draw projections of AB if its end ‘A’ is 10 mm above HP and 20 mm
behind V.P. while end ‘B’ is in the first quadrant. Determine the inclinations of the line
AB with the reference planes. [DEC-2018, 9 Marks]

6. The end ‘A’ of a straight line AB 90 mm long, is in the second quadrant and 15 mm from
both H.P. and V.P. End ‘B’ is in the third quadrant. The line is inclined at 30° with H.P.
and the distance between the end projectors measured parallel to the XY is 60 mm. Draw
the projections of the line, find its inclination with V.P.

7. A line CD, 70 mm long, has its end ‘C’ in the H.P. and 12 mm in front of the V.P. The end
D, is in the third quadrant. The line is inclined at 30° to the V.P. and at 60° to H.P. Draw
its projections.

8. A line PQ, 100 mm long is inclined at 45° to the H.P. and at 30° to V. P. Its end ‘P’ is in
the second quadrant and ‘Q’ is in the fourth quadrant. A point ‘R’ on PQ 40 mm from P is
in both the planes. Draw the projections of PQ.

9. The plan of 100 mm line PQ measures 80 mm. Point P is 30 mm in front of V.P. and end
Q 50 mm above H.P. The end P is in fourth quadrant and end Q is in first quadrant. The
line is inclined at 30° to V.P. Draw its projections.

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10. Draw the projections of a line AB 90 mm long. Its mid-point M being 50 mm above HP
and 40 mm in front of V.P. The end A is 20 mm above the HP and 10 mm in front of VP.
Show the inclinations of the line with HP and VP.

11. A straight line AB is 80 mm long. It is inclined at 45° to the HP and its top view is inclined
at 60° to xy line. The end A, which is farthest from VP, is in the HP and 65 mm behind
V.P. Draw the Projections of the line and find its inclination with V.P. if it is in third
quadrant.

12. A line PQ has its end ‘P’ 15mm above HP and 25 mm in front of VP. The line makes an
angle of 20° with the HP and its top view measures 90 mm. The end Q is in second quadrant
and is equidistant from both the reference planes. Draw the projections of the line and find
inclination of the line with the VP.

Practice Problems:
1. The end projectors of a line PQ are 60 mm apart. The end ‘P’ is 20 mm above the H.P. and
35 mm in front of V.P. The end ‘Q’ is 15 mm below H.P. and 45 mm behind the V.P. Draw
projections of a line PQ and determine :(i) the true length of the line PQ (ii) true inclinations
with the H.P. and with the V.P.

2. The point ‘Q’ of the line PQ is in the horizontal plane, ‘pq’ the plan of the line makes an
angle of 30⁰ with XY line and measures 80 mm. The point ‘P’ is in the vertical plane and
50 mm below the horizontal plane. Draw the plan and elevation of the line and obtain the
true length of the line. Find the inclinations of the line with both the planes.

3. The top view of a line AB, 80 mm long measures 65 mm and length of its front view is 50
mm. The ends ‘A’ is on the ground and 15 mm behind the V.P. Draw the projections of
AB and determine its inclinations with the H.P. and with the V.P.

4. A line MN has its end ‘M’ in the H.P. and 15 mm in front of the V.P. The end ‘N’ is in the
third quadrant. The line is 65 mm long and is inclined at 30⁰ to the H.P. and 60⁰ to the V.P.
Draw its projections.

5. The end projectors of a line AB are 55 mm apart. Points ‘A’ 50 mm below the H.P. and 60
mm behind the V.P. Point ‘B’ is 30 mm above the H.P. and 25 mm in front of the V.P.
Draw the projections of AB and find its true length, true inclinations with H.P. and with
the V.P.

6. The front view and top view of line AB 125 mm long, lying in third quadrant measures 75
mm and 100 mm respectively. Its end 'A' is 30 mm from both the reference planes. Draw
the projections of the line and determine its inclination with the H.P. and the V.P.

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7. The top view and front view of a line AB measures 70 mm and 58 mm respectively. The
line AB is inclined at an angle of 35° to H.P. The end ‘A’ is 15 mm above H.P. and 12 mm
in front of V.P. The other end ‘B’ is also in the first quadrant. Draw the projections of the
line AB. Find its true length and true inclination with V.P.

8. The plan of 100 mm line AB measures 70 mm. Point ‘A’ is 10 mm below the H.P. and 60
mm in front of the V.P. Point ‘B’ is above the H.P. and 15 mm in front of the V.P. Draw
the projections of the line, determine its true inclinations with the H.P. and the V.P.

9. Elevation of a line AB is 75 mm and is inclined to XY line at 45°. End A is 25 mm above

H.P. and end B is 10 mm behind V.P. Draw its projections if length of line AB is 95 mm
and end B is in third quadrant. Find the inclination of the line AB with H.P. and V.P.

10. The plan ab of a straight line AB is 140 mm long and it makes an angle 45° with XY. The
end A is in the V.P. and 85 mm from the H.P. The end B is 20 mm from the H.P. and the
whole line lies in the fourth quadrant. Draw the projections of the line. Determine the true
length and inclinations of the line.

11. A line PQ, 100 mm long is inclined at 30° to the H.P. and at 45° to the VP. Its mid-point
is in the V.P. and 20 mm above the H.P. Draw its projections, if its end P is in the third
quadrant and Q in the first quadrant.

12. A line AB, 80 mm long is in the second quadrant with the end A in the HP and the end B
in the V.P. The line is inclined at 30° to H.P. and at 45° to the VP. Draw its projection.

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 Examination Questions:

1. One end “P” of the line PQ is 10 mm above HP and 25 mm in front of VP. The FV of the
line measures 50 mm and inclined at 50° to XY line. Draw projections of the line and find
its inclination with HP and VP if the true length of the line is 75 mm. Consider the line is
in first quadrant only. [MAY-2024, 9 Marks]

2. Draw the projections of a line AB when its end A is 20 mm above HP and 10 mm in front
of the VP, its end B is 55 mm above the HP and 60 mm in front of the VP. The distance
between end projectors of line AB is 45 mm. Determine its true length and inclinations of
the line with the HP and VP. [DEC-2023, 15 Marks]

3. The top view and front view of a line AB measures 70 mm and 60 mm respectively. The
line AB is inclined at an angle of 35° to H.P. The end ‘A’ is 15 mm above H.P. and 12 mm
in front of V.P. The other end ‘B’ is also in the first quadrant. Draw the projections of the
line AB. Find its true length and true inclination with V.P. [MAY-2023, 15 Marks]

4. One end P of line PQ is on HP and 25 mm in front of VP while the other end Q is on VP

and 50 mm below HP. Draw the projections of line PQ and find its inclinations with HP
and VP if true length of PQ is 70 mm. [DEC-2022, 15 Marks]

5. A line AB, 65 mm long has its end 'A' 20 above the H.P. and 25 mm in front of the V.P.
The end B is 40 mm above H.P. and 60 mm in front of the V.P. Draw the projections of
AB and shows its inclinations with the H.P. and the V.P. [MAY-2022, 10 Marks]

6. The TV of 75 mm long line AB measures 60 mm. Point A is 15 mm below HP and 50 mm

in front of VP. Point B is 15 mm in front of VP and above HP. Draw projections of the line
and determine its inclinations with HP and VP. [DEC-2019, 8 Marks]

7. The top view of a 75 mm long line AB measures 65 mm, while the length of its front view
is 50 mm. It’s one end A is in the HP and 12 mm in front of the VP. Draw its projections
and determine its inclinations with HP and VP. [MAY-2019, 8 Marks]

8. End ‘A’ of line AB is in second quadrant and is 40 mm and 15 mm from HP and VP

respectively. The line is inclined at 40° to both reference planes. Draw its projections when
end ‘B’ is in third quadrant and 45 mm from HP. Find its true length and distance of end
‘B’ from V.P. [MAY-2018, 8 Marks]

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9. A straight line PQ has its end P 10 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. The line is 50
mm long and its front and top views are inclined at an angle of 60° and 45° respectively.
Draw the projections of the line PQ and find it inclinations with HP and VP.
[DEC-2017, 9 Marks]
10. A line AB 70 mm long has its end A 10 mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP. The line
AB is inclined at 40° to HP and its front view is inclined at 65° to XY. Draw its projections
and find inclination of AB with VP. [MAY-2017, 8 Marks]

11. The TV of line PQ (True length 90 mm) is inclined at 50° to XY, while the line is inclined
at 30° to VP. The end P is 10 mm in front of VP, 20 mm above HP and the end Q is in
fourth quadrant. Draw its projections. Determine true inclination of the line with HP.
[DEC-2016, 9 Marks]

12. The distance between the end projectors of line AB is 60 mm. The end A is 25 mm above
HP and 45 mm in front of VP while the other end B is 60 mm above HP and 15 mm in
front of VP. Draw projections and find the true length and also inclination of the line with
HP and VP. [MAY-2016, MAY-2015, 9 Marks]

13. The front view of a line AB 80 mm long, measures 60 mm. The end A is 15 mm in front
of VP and 10 mm above HP. The end B is in third quadrant. Draw the projections of of the
line, if the line is inclined at 30° to HP. Also find the inclination of line with VP.
[DEC-2015, 7 Marks]

14. The distance between the end projectors of a line AB is 40 mm. The end point A is 15 mm
above the HP and 20 mm in front of the VP. The line is inclined 30° to the HP. Draw the
projections if the true length of the line is 80 mm. Find its inclination with the VP. Take
end point B in the 1st quadrant. [DEC-2014, 7 Marks]
15. The top view and the front view of a line AB are 70 mm and 80 mm respectively. Its end
A is 15 mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP. The end B is in third quadrant. Draw the
projections if the line is 100 mm long. Also find its inclination with the principal planes.
[MAY-2014, 8 Marks]
16. Line AB 70 mm long is inclined 30 to HP and 60 to VP. Its end A is 10 mm above HP
and 20 mm in front of VP, while its end B is in 3rd Quadrant. Draw projections of line AB.
[DEC-2013, 9 Marks]
17. Top view and front view of a line AB, 70 mm long measures 55 mm and 60 mm
respectively. Draw its projections if end A is 15 mm above H.P. and 20 mm in front of
V.P. Determine its inclinations with H.P. and V.P. [MAY-2013, 9 Marks]

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18. The projections of a line PQ measures 80 mm in the top view and 70 mm in the front view.
The midpoint of the line is 45 mm in front of V.P. and 35 mm above H.P. End P is 10 mm
in front of V.P. and nearer to it. The other end is nearer to H.P. Draw projections of the
line, find the true length and true inclinations. [MAY-2012, 12 Marks]

19. The end A of straight line AB 90 mm long is in the second quadrant and 15 mm from both
H. P. and V. P. End B is in the third quadrant. The line is inclined at 30° with the H. P. and
the distance between the end projectors measured paralleled to the XY line is 60 mm. Draw
the projections of line, find its inclination with V.P. [DEC-2010, 9 Marks]

20. The top view of 100 mm long line AB measures 70 mm while the length of its F.V. is 85
mm. It’s one end A is 15 mm above H.P. and 25 mm in front of V.P. The other end is in
the third quadrant. Draw projections of the line and find its inclination with H.P. and V.P.
[MAY-2010, 9 Marks]

21. The TV of line AB measures 60 mm and is inclined at 56° to the XY line. Point A is
10 mm above the H.P. and 20 mm in front of the V.P. Point B is 45 mm above the H.P. and
in front of the V.P. Draw the projections of line AB. [MAY-2009, 8 Marks]

22. A line AB 70 mm long, has its end A 10 mm above H.P. and 15 mm in front of V.P. its top
view and front view measures 60 mm and 40 mm respectively. Draw the projections of
the line and determine its inclinations with H.P. and V.P. [DEC-2008, 8 Marks]

23. The end P of a line PQ, 120 mm long is in IInd quadrant and 20 mm from both the reference
planes. End Q is in IIIrd quadrant. The line is inclined at 30 with H.P. and the distance
between the end projectors measured parallel to XY line is 80 mm. [MAY-2008, 8 Marks]

Projections of Planes (only for term work)

1. An isosceles triangular plate with base 60 mm and altitude 80 mm has its base on the H.P.
and inclined at 45° to the V.P. Draw its projections if its surface is inclined at 30° to the
H.P.

2. A square lamina of side 40 mm has one of its sides in the V.P. and inclined at 30° to the
H.P. Draw its projections if the surface of the lamina makes an angle of 45° to the V.P.

3. Draw the projections of a hexagon of 25 mm side, having one of its sides in the H.P.
inclined at 60° to the V.P. and its surface making angle of 45° with the H.P.

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4. A regular pentagonal plate of 30 mm side has one of its corners on the V.P. and the side
opposite to that corner makes an angle of 45° to the H.P. Its plane makes an angle of 45°
to the V.P. Draw its projections.

5. A 30- 60 set square has its shortest edge 40 mm long is in the H.P. The top view of the
setsquare is an isosceles triangle. Draw projections with the hypotenuse of the set square
inclined at 42° to the V.P. Measure the inclination of the plate with the H.P.

6. A semi-circular thin plate of 60 mm diameter rests on H.P. on its diameter which is

inclined at 45° to the V.P. and the surface is inclined at 3o° to the H.P. Draw the projections
of the plate.

7. Diagonals PR and QS of a rhombus PQRS are 90 mm and 60 mm respectively. Diagonal

PR makes 45° to the H.P. and diagonal QS makes 30° with the V.P. Draw its projections.

8. Draw the projections of a circular plate of 50 mm diameter resting in the V.P. on a point
A on the circumference, its surface inclined at 45° to the V.P. and
(i) the elevation of the diameter AB making 30° angle with the XY line.
(ii) the diameter AB making 30° angle with the H.P.

9. A regular hexagonal plate of 30 mm sides has one comer touching V.P. and another
opposite corner touching H.P. The plate is inclined at 60° to the H.P. and 30° to the V.P.
Draw the projections of the plate.

10. A pentagonal plate 30 mm side and negligible thickness has a side in the H.P. inclined at
45°to the V.P., plate itself is inclined at 60° to H.P. Draw its projections.

11. A plate having shape of an isosceles triangle has base 50 mm long and altitude 70 mm. It
is so placed on one of its corners in the V.P. that in the front view it is seen as an equilateral
triangle and one side inclined at 45° to XY. Draw the projections and determine surface
inclination of the plate with H.P. and V.P.

12. A triangular plate ABC, AB = 60 mm, BC = 70 mm and AC = 80 mm is resting on the

edge on the H.P. with this edge inclined to V.P. at 45°. The corner ‘C’ lifted until the plan
obtained is an isosceles triangle. Draw the projections and measure the inclination of the
plate with H.P. and V.P.

13. A pentagonal plane lamina of sides 30 mm is resting on the H.P. on one of its corners so
that the surface makes an angle of 60° with the H.P. If the side opposite to this corner
makes an angle of 30° with V.P. and is parallel to the H.P., draw front and top views of
the pentagon.

14. A rectangle ABCD with AB: 60 mm long and BC: 80 mm long is having AB on V.P. and
BC inclined at 20° with H.P. Draw the projections if elevation of the rectangle is a square.
Find the inclinations of the plate with H.P. and V.P.

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