PERFECT GUIDE OF SOCIOLOGY-1 CHAPTER 04 SOCIAL INTERACTION AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE QUICK OUTLINE, Defining social interaction Status and its types Status set, Achieved & Ascribed, Master Status Role & its types. Role Set, Role Conflict, Role Strain, Role Exit ‘Theories of Social Interaction Social Construction of Reality Fihno Methodology Dramaturgical Analysis Importance of frequency, duration, intensity of interaction & its relation with conforming & deviant behavior QUESTION NO. 1 Define Social Interaction, Status and its types Status set, Achieved & Ascribed, Master Status, Role & its types. Role Set, Role Conflict, Role Strain, Role Exit SOCIAL INTERACTION Definition “Social interaction is the process by which people act and react in relation to others”. (Macior STATUS A social position that a person holds at a given time is called status. Doctor, engineer, mother, father, student professor all are status in Pakistani Society. TYPES OF STATUS There are two types of status Aseribed status Ascribed status is a social position a person receives at birth or takes on involuntarily later in life. No personal efforts required in ascribed status. This status you received at birth. Caste, Name, Religion, sex these are examples of Ascribed status Achieved status Achieved status is a social position a person takes on voluntarily that reflects personal ability and effort. Personal efforts required to achieve this status. For example a student works hard toLLB-S YEARS (PUNJAB UNIVERSTY) achieve status of graduate, A cricketer works hard to get selection in National Team. These are achieved status which people get after their personal efforts. STATUS SET The term status set refers to all the statuses a person holds at a given time. A teenage girl may be a daughter to her parents, a sister to her brother, a student at her school and a goalie on her soccer team. Status sets change over the life course. A child grows up to become a parent, a student graduates to become a lawyer, and a single person marries to become a husband or wife, sometimes becoming single again as a result of death or divorce. Joining an organization or finding a job calarges our status set; withdrawing from activities makes it smaller. Over a lifetime, people gain and lose dozens of statuses. MASTER STATUS Some statuses matter more than others. A master status is a status that has special importance for social identity. often shaping a person's entire life. For most people, a job is a master status because it reveals a great deal about a person's social background, education, and income. A parson who is a doctor may be recognized through his master status of doctor and many people even don’t know the name of person but his master status as doctor. A master status can be negative as well as positive. Take, for example, serious illness, Sometimes people, even longtime friends, avoid cancer patients or people with AIDS because of their illnesses. As another example, the fact that all societies limit the opportunities of women makes gender a master status. ROLE Behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status. A person holds a status and performs a role. For example, holding the status of student leads you to perform the role of attending classes and completing assignments.PERFECT GUIDE OF SOCIOLOGY-1 TYPES OF ROLE Aseribed and Achieved Roles Some roles which are acquired by birth like sex, age, race, caste and religion are called ascribed roles. While on the other hand some role depend upon personal ability and effort like achieving a master degree or becoming married these are called achieved roles. ROLE SET Robert Merton introduced the term role set to identify a number of roles attached to a single status. For Example a professor, this woman interacts with students (the teacher role) and with other academies (the colleague role). In this example one status has two roles. QUESTION NO. _ Differentiate Role Con ROLE CONFLICT Definition “Role conflict as conflict among the roles connected to two or more statuses”. (Macionis) Explanation People in modern, high-income nations juggle many responsibilities demanded by their various statuses and roles. As most mothers (and more and more fathers) can testify, the combination of parenting and working outside the home is physically and emotionally draining. Sociologists thus recognize role conflict as conflict among the roles connected to two or more statuses. We experience role conflict when we find ourselves pulled in various directions as we try to respond to the many statuses we hold. One response to role conflict is deciding that “something has to go.” More than one politician, for example, has decided not to run for office because of the conflicting demands of a hectic campaign schedule and family life, In other cases, people put off having children in order to stay on the “fast track” for career success.LLB-s YEARS (PUNJ aR UNIV) ROLE stray ERSTy) Even roles linked to tension aintain the personal “arlous roles attached to oF a balancing act ROLE Exp When people face role conflict or role strain, a different role then itis ind it becomes vy necessary to Role exit, the Process Important sociat roles, and ex-aleohoties Social Construction of Re: ramaturgical An, alysis “The sociat Construction of reality jg through social intera Which people ¢, ction”. (Macionis) | Explanation ! Berger and Luckmann introduced the term sociay “onstruction into the soctay Sci “rongly influenced by the "Ok OF Aled Shite, Thei interacting in a so¢; i 40,PERFECT GUIDE oF SOCIOLOGy.1 ETHNOMETHODOLOGy Definition; “The study of the way people makes Sense Of their everyday surroundings". (Macionisy Explanation This approach begins by. Pointing out that everyday behavior Fests on a number of assumptions, sk someone the simple question “How are you? YoU usually want to know how the Person is doing in general, but you might really be wondering how the Specific physical, mental, Spiritual, or financial challen, When you Person is dealing with a '8e: However, the person being asked rested in details about any of these things, that you are just “being polite, One good way to discover the make about reality is 10 break the rules, For Sample, the next time someone greets You by saying, “How are you? offer details from your ®xamination or explain all the good and bad thin, ‘woke up that morning and see how the Person reacts, PRAMATURGICAL ANALYsig 1 that have happened since you Definition; “Dramaturgi nalysis is the study of social interaction in terms of theaty ‘cal performance”, Explanation Erving Gof man (1922~1989) ‘Was another explaining that people live their fives much lik ourselves as dij Of social interaction in terms of theatrical | “performance” as the Presentation of seit, ‘sions in the minds of others 4 person's “Hlorts t0 create specifi impres This process, sometimes called iMPression management, begins with the idea of personal performanceImportant Questions 42