Machine Learning Tutorial
Last Updated : 24 Jan, 2025
Machine learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that enables computers to learn from data
and make predictions without being explicitly programmed. If you're new to this field, this tutorial
will provide a comprehensive understanding of machine learning, its types, algorithms, tools, and
practical applications.
Module 1: Introduction to Machine Learning
Machine learning teaches computers to recognize patterns and make decisions automatically using
data and algorithms.
It can be broadly categorized into three types:
Supervised Learning: Trains models on labeled data to predict or classify new, unseen data.
Unsupervised Learning: Finds patterns or groups in unlabeled data, like clustering or
dimensionality reduction.
Reinforcement Learning: Learns through trial and error to maximize rewards, ideal for
decision-making tasks.
In addition these categories, there are also Semi-Supervised Learning and Self-Supervised Learning.
Semi-Supervised Learning uses a mix of labeled and unlabeled data, making it helpful when
labeling data is costly or time-consuming.
Self-Supervised Learning creates its own labels from raw data, allowing it to learn patterns
without needing labeled examples.
Machine Learning Pipeline
Machine learning is fundamentally built upon data, which serves as the foundation for training and
testing models. Data consists of inputs (features) and outputs (labels). A model learns patterns
during training and is tested on unseen data to evaluate its performance and generalization. In order
to make predictions, there are essential steps through which data passes in order to produce a
machine learning model that can make predictions.
1. ML workflow
2. Data Cleaning
3. Feature Scaling
4. Data Preprocessing in Python
Module 2: Supervised Learning
Supervised learning algorithms are generally categorized into two main types:
Classification - where the goal is to predict discrete labels or categories
Regression - where the aim is to predict continuous numerical values.
There are many algorithms used in supervised learning, each suited to different types of problems.
Some of the most commonly used supervised learning algorithms include:
1. Linear Regression
Introduction to Linear Regression
Gradient Descent in Linear Regression
Linear regression (Python Implementation from scratch)
Linear regression implementation using sklearn
Rainfall prediction - Project
Boston Housing Kaggle Challenge - Project
Ridge Regression
Lasso regression
Elastic net Regression
Implementation of Lasso, Ridge and Elastic Net
2. Logistic Regression
Understanding Logistic Regression
Cost function in Logistic Regression
Logistic regression Implementation from scratch
Heart Disease Prediction - Project
Breast Cancer Wisconsin Diagnosis - Project
3. Decision Trees
Decision Tree in Machine Learning
Feature selection using Decision Tree
Decision Tree - Regression (Implementation)
Decision tree - Classification (Implementation)
Types of Decision tree algorithms
4. Support Vector Machines (SVM)
Understanding SVMs
Support Vector Machines(SVMs) implementation
SVM Hyperparameter Tuning - GridSearchCV
Non-Linear SVM
Implementing SVM on non-linear dataset
5. k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN)
Introduction to KNN
Decision Boundaries in K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)
Implementation from scratch
KNN classifier - Project
6. Naive Bayes
Introduction to Naive Bayes
Naive Bayes Scratch Implementation
Gaussian Naive Bayes
Implementation of Gaussian naive bayes
Multinomial Naive Bayes
Bernoulli Naive Bayes
Complement Naive Bayes
Introduction to Ensemble Learning
Ensemble learning combines multiple simple models (called weak learners, like small decision trees)
to create a stronger, smarter model. There are importantly two types of ensemble
learning: Bagging that combines multiple models trained independently, and Boosting that builds
models sequentially, each correcting the errors of the previous one.
For in-depth understanding : What is Ensemble Learning? - Two types of ensemble methods in ML
Advanced Supervised Learning Algorithms:
7. Random Forest (Bagging Algorithm)