Presente Simple
El presente simple es usado para describir una acción que es regular, verdadera o normal
Usamos el presente simple para:
1. Para acciones regulares o repetitivas en el tiempo presente.
I take the train to the office.
The train to Berlin leaves every hour.
John sleeps eight hours every night during the week.
2. Para hechos.
The President of The USA lives in The White House.
A dog has four legs.
We come from Switzerland.
3. Para hábitos.
I get up early every day.
Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.
They travel to their country house every weekend.
4. Para cosas que son siempre o generalmente verdad.
It rains a lot in winter.
The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
They speak English at work.
Afirmativo en el presente simple
Formamos el presente simple usando la forma base del infinitivo (sin el “TO”)
En general se añade “S” al final del verbo en tercera persona
Subject Verb The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they speak / learn English at home
he / she / it speaks / learns English at home
A los verbos en tercera persona que terminan en -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z se les añade “ES “.
go – goes
catch – catches
wash – washes
kiss – kisses
fix – fixes
buzz – buzzes
A los verbos en tercera persona que terminan en consonante + Y, les removemos la “Y” y añadimos “IES”.
marry – marries
study – studies
carry – carries
worry – worries
Para los verbos en tercera persona que terminan en vocal + Y solo añadimos “S”
play – plays
enjoy – enjoys
say – says
Negativo en el presente simple
Para hacer una oración en negativo en presente simple normalmente usamos Don’t // Doesen’t con todos los verbos
excepto con el verbo To Be y verbos modales (can, might, should, etc.)
Cuando el sujeto es I, you, we o they:
Affirmative: You speak French.
Negative: You don't speak French
Cuando el sujeto es he, she o it:
Affirmative: He speaks German.
Negative: He doesn't speak German.
Contracciones en negative
Don't = Do not
Doesn't = Does not
I don't like meat = I do not like meat.
Formula para oraciones en negativo con verbos que no sean “to be” o verbos modales
Subject don't/doesn't Verb* The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they don't have / buy
cereal for breakfast
he / she / it doesn't eat / like etc.
*El verbo va en forma base
Fórmula para oraciones en negativo con verbo “to be” o verbos modales
Subject Verb The Rest of the sentence
I am not
you / we / they are not a doctor
he / she / it is not
I can not run fast
Ejemplos de oraciones con Don’t // Doesn’t
You don't speak Arabic.
John doesn't speak Italian.
We don't have time for a rest.
It doesn't move.
They don't want to go to the party.
She doesn't like fish.
Preguntas en presente simple
Para hacer una pregunta en presente simple normalmente usamos Do // Does, excepto con el verbo To Be y verbos
modales (can, might, should, etc.). Esto no tiene traducción en español, pero es esencial para denotar que estamos
haciendo una pregunta.
Con otros verbos que no sean “to be” o verbos modales
Cuando el sujeto es I, you, we o they:
Affirmative: You speak English.
Question: Do you speak English? Yes, I do / No, I don’t
Cuando el sujeto es he, she o it:
Affirmative: He speaks French.
Question: Does he speak French? Yes, he does / No, he does not
Nótese que la letra S al final del verbo en una pregunta en tercera persona desaparece porque el auxiliar does ya denota
que es tercera persona.
Fórmula para preguntas en presente simple con Do / Does
Do/Does Subject Verb* The Rest of the sentence
Do I / you / we / they
have / need / want a new bike?
Does he / she / it
Ejemplos
Do you need a dictionary?
Does Mary need a dictionary?
Do we have a meeting now?
Does it rain a lot in winter?
Do they want to go to the party?
Does he like pizza?
Respuestas cortas con Do // Does
Short Answer Short Answer
Sample Questions
(Affirmative) (Negative)
Do you like chocolate? Yes, I do. No, I don't.
Do I need a pencil? Yes, you do. No, you don't.
Do you both like chocolate? Yes, we do. No, we don't.
Do they like chocolate? Yes, they do. No, they don't.
Does he like chocolate? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.
Does she like chocolate? Yes, she does. No, she doesn't.
Does it have four wheels? Yes, it does. No, it doesn't.
Con el verbo “to be” o verbos modales
Estos verbos no necesitan un auxiliar, por lo tanto no usaremos do / does.
Fórmula para preguntas en presente simple con “to be” o verbos modales
verb Subject the rest of the centence
Am I
to be Are you / we / they a doctor?
Is he / she / it
Can you ran fast?
Modal
Must I complete the assigment by tomorrow?
verbs
Should I bring anything to the meeting?
Preguntas con palabras interrogativas
Si la pregunta lleva palabras interrogativas como what, who, when, where, why, which or how, no se puede dar una
respuesta corta.
Con verbo “to be”
Formula: I.W. + to be + subject + complement?
Ejemplo: Where are you from?
Con otros verbos
Formula: I.W. + do/does + subject + verb + complement?
Ejemplos: Where do you live?
Who do you live with?
Where do you study?
Con las palabras kind o type y like en una misma oración
Formula: I.W. + complement + do/does + subject + verb?
Ejemplo: What kind of movies do you like?
Mas casos diferentes
Formula: I.W. + complement + do/does + subject + verb + complement?
Ejemplo: How much fruit does Angie eat every day?