Science
Q3W1
Caloocan City Science High School
6 FEB 2024
By: Arthur Lorenz D. Paraguison
Looking Back!
• Sexual reproduction in Grade 7
• Why is there a need for organisms to
reproduce?
• How does reproduction occur in
organisms?
2 Science Q3W1
Target Questions
of the Week!
1. What are hormones?
2. Which sex hormones are responsible for
the different development of humans in
their adolescence?
3. What would happen if these hormones
were to be absent in a specific gender?
3 Science Q3W1
Hormones Everywhere?
It is a known fact that hormones
are chemical messengers that
regulate/control everything from
heart rate, sleep cycles,
metabolism, to reproduction, and
even mood patterns.
4 Science Q3W1
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• The endocrine system controls and
regulates body processes.
• Works together with other body
systems in order for body functions
to be possible.
5 Science Q3W1
HORMONES
• A hormone is a chemical transmitter
that prompts something
• It can be released in small amounts
from glands and is transported in the
bloodstream toward certain organs.
6 Science Q3W1
Major Parts of the 3
Endocrine System 1
1. Pituitary 5. Adrenal 2 4
2. Thyroid 6. Pancreas 5
3. Parathyroid 7. Reproductive 6
4. Thymus
7
7 Science Q3W1
Secretions from the anterior
pituitary gland…
Growth Hormone
(GH): essential for
the growth and
development of
bones, muscles, and
other organs. It also
enhances protein
synthesis,
decreases the use of
glucose, and
promotes fat
destruction.
Secretions from the anterior
pituitary gland…
Adrenocorticotropin
(TRŌ pun) (ACTH):
essential for the
growth of the
adrenal cortex.
Thyroid-Stimulating
Hormone (TSH):
essential for the growth
and development of the
thyroid gland.
Secretions from the anterior
pituitary gland…
Follicle-Stimulating
Hormone (FSH): is a
gonadotropic hormone.
It stimulates the
growth ovarian
follicles in the female
and the production of
sperm in the male.
Secretions from the anterior
pituitary gland… Luteinizing
Hormone (LH): is a
gonadotropic
hormone
stimulating the
development of
corpus luteum in
the female ovarian
follicles and the
The yellow corpus luteum production of
remains after ovulation; it testosterone in the
produces estrogen and male.
progesterone.
Secretions from the anterior
pituitary gland… Prolactin (PRL):
stimulates the
development and
growth of the
mammary glands
and milk production
during pregnancy.
The sucking motion of the
baby stimulates prolactin
secretion.
Secretions from the anterior
pituitary gland…
Melanocyte-stimulating
hormone (MSH): regulates skin
pigmentation and promotes
the deposit of melanin in the
skin after exposure to sunlight
Secretions from the posterior
lobe of the pituitary gland…
Antidiuretic
Hormone (ADH):
stimulates the
reabsorption of
water by the
renal tubules.
Hyposecretion
of this hormone
can result in
diabetes
insipidus.
Secretions from the posterior
lobe of the pituitary gland…
Oxytocin: stimulates
the uterus to contract
during labor, delivery,
and parturition. A
synthetic version of
this hormone, used
to induce labor, is
called Pitocin. It also
stimulates the
mammary glands to
release milk.
Secretions of the thyroid gland…
The thyroid gland plays a
vital role in metabolism
and regulates the body’s
metabolic processes.
Calcitonin: influences
bone and calcium
metabolism;
maintains a
homeostasis of
calcium in the blood
plasma
Secretions of the thyroid gland…
Thyroxine (T4) and
triiodothyronine (T3):
essential to BMR – basal
metabolic rate (the rate at
which a person’s body
burns calories while at rest);
influences physical/mental
development and growth
The hormones secreted by thyroid gland is vital in
metabolism and its under or hyperactivity will
cause various problems
Secretions of the parathyroid
gland…
The two pairs of
parathyroid glands are
located on the dorsal or
back side of the thyroid
gland. They secrete
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
which controls the amount
of calcium, phosphorus,
and Vitamin D in the body
The islets of Langerhans…
The islets of Langerhans are small clusters of
cells located in the pancreas.
The adrenal glands…
The triangular-
shaped adrenal
glands are
located on the
top of each
kidney. The
inside is called
the medulla and
the outside layer
is called the
cortex.
Secretions from the
adrenal glands
Cortisol: regulates
carbohydrate, protein, and fat
metabolism; has an anti-
inflammatory effect; helps
the body cope during times of
stress
Secretions from the
adrenal glands
Dopamine is also
known as the
“happy hormone”.
It is triggered as
the reward system
of the brain.
Secretions
from the
adrenal
glands
Epinephrine is also called adrenaline. It elevates
systolic blood pressure, increases heart rate and
cardiac output, speeds up the release of glucose
from the liver… giving a spurt of energy, dilates
the bronchial tubes and relaxes airways, and
dilates the pupils to see more clearly. It is often
used to counteract an allergic reaction.
Secretions from the
adrenal glands
Norepinephrine, like epinephrine, is released when
the body is under stress. It creates the underlying
influence in the fight or flight response.
Secretions of the
thymus…
The thymus gland has
two lobes and is part
of the lymphatic
system. It is a
ductless gland and
secretes thymosin.
This is necessary for
the Thymus’ normal
production of T cells
for the immune
system.
Secretions of the ovaries…
The ovaries produce
several estrogen hormones
and progesterone. These
hormones prepare the
uterus for pregnancy,
promote the development
of mammary glands, play a
role in sex drive, and
develop secondary sex
characteristics in the
female.
Estrogen is essential for the growth, development,
and maintenance of female sex organs.
Secretions of the testes…
The testes produce
the male sex
hormone called
testosterone. It is
essential for normal
growth and
development of the
male sex organs.
Testosterone is
responsible for the
erection of the
penis.
Sex hormones determine the physical
“maleness” or “femaleness” of an individual