Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Product Management

Module 3
Role of AI in Product Management (Part – II)

Prof. ZILLUR RAHMAN

Department of Management Studies, IIT Roorkee

1
 Part 1: Introduction to AI in Product Management
Module 1: Introduction to Product Management
Module 2,3 & 4: Role of AI in Product Management

Part 2: Market Research using AI

Module 5: AI-Powered Market Research
Module 6: AI-Powered Market Research Tools
Module 7: Analyzing Qualitative Data with AI
Module 8: Enhancing Quantitative Research with AI
Module 9: AI in Customer Sentiment Analysis
Module 10: Predictive Analytics in Market Research

Part 3: AI for Idea Generation and Marketing Planning

Module 11: AI in Brainstorming & Idea Generation
Module 12: Validating Ideas using AI
Module 13: AI-Driven Prioritization
Module 14: Integrating AI into Marketing Planning

2
 Part 4: Category Management and Customer Analysis using AI
Module 15: Market And Category Analysis with AI
Module 16: AI Tools for Customer Segmentation
Module 17: Personalization Engines using AI
Module 18: AI in Omni-Channel Customer Engagement
Module 19: AI Driven Customer Journey Mapping

Part 5: AI in Competitor Analysis

Module 20: Introduction to Competitor Analysis using AI
Module 21: Competitive Intelligence with AI
Module 22: Competitor Monitoring using AI
Module 23: Using AI to Predict Competitor Moves
Module 24: Case Studies on AI in Competitor Analysis

Part 6: AI in Sales-Forecasting, Strategy and Scenario Analysis

Module 25: Sales Forecasting Models using AI
Module 26: AI Tools for Demand Planning
Module 27: AI for Sales Strategy Development
Module 28: AI in Sales Training
Module 29: Risk Modeling and Scenario Analysis with AI

3
 Part 7: Developing AI-Enhanced Product Strategy
Module 30: Strategic Planning with AI Insights
Module 31: Positioning and Differentiation using AI
Module 32: AI in Brand Management
Module 33: Product Lifecycle Management with AI
Module 34: Case Studies on AI in Product Strategy

Part 8: New Product Development Using AI

Module 35: Product-Led Growth using AI
Module 36 & 37: New Product Development using AI
Module 38 & 39: Transforming New Product Development: The impact of AI
Module 40: AI in Go-To-Market Strategies

Part 9: Price Optimization Using AI

Module 41,42,43,44 & 45: Price Optimization using AI

Part 10: AI in MVP, Agile and Roadmap Development

Module 46: Agile Development using AI
Module 47: Roadmap Development using AI
Module 48 & 49: AI for MVP (Minimum Viable Product)

4
 Part 11: AI in Promotion, Advertising and Distribution
Module 50 & 51: AI-Powered Advertising
Module 52: AI in Channel Management
Module 53 & 54: Distribution Optimization using AI

Part 12: Managing Performance with AI

Module 55: AI in Performance Monitoring
Module 56: Revenue and profitability Analysis using AI
Module 57: Benchmarking and Adjustments using AI
Module 58: Customer support using AI

Part 13: Ethical Considerations and Future Trends in AI for Product Management
Module 59: Challenges & Ethical Considerations
Module 60: Future Trends in AI for Product Management

5
 PART-1
Role of AI in Product Management (Part -II)
MODULE 03

6
 MODULE OVERVIEW

▪ How traditional organization can digitally transform to

support AI integration through the AI Factory Working Model.
▪ What are the various components of the AI Factory Working
Model
▪ How product managers play a crucial role in this
transformation from traditional to AI assisted
digital organization.
▪ What are the subfields of AI and their various
types.
Importance of AI in Product Management

▪ In the ever-evolving tech industry, product management is

experiencing significant changes due to the adoption of
artificial intelligence (AI).
▪ Integrating AI into product management is no longer just a
trend; it's a crucial strategy for achieving success.
▪ As companies transition into the AI-driven
era, updating software strategies is vital for
excelling in product management.

8
Importance of AI in Product Management

▪ AI plays a key role in product-led organizations by fostering

strategies centered on accuracy, personalization, and scalability.
▪ The connection between AI and product-led growth (PLG) is clear,
presenting opportunities for strategic integration that can fuel
innovation and offer a competitive edge.
▪ As AI's influence on modern product
development grows, organizations must
incorporate it into their strategies to remain
competitive in today's fast-paced market.

9
Importance of AI in Product Management

▪ Therefore, a product manager’s usage of AI largely depends

on how much or till what extent the organization has
incorporated or integrated AI in its functioning.
▪ The transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) is
revolutionizing industries and fundamentally changing how
organizations function. Although major
players like Netflix have led the charge with
their AI-driven operations, the creation of such
capabilities is not restricted to tech giants.
10
AI-Powered Organizations :The AI Factory Working Model

▪ The Industrial Revolution transformed manufacturing by introducing

scalable and repeatable production methods, yet decision-making
processes remained largely traditional and individualized.
▪ In today's AI-driven era, we are experiencing a profound shift, where the
industrialization of data collection, analytics, and decision-making is
redefining the landscape.
▪ The concept of AI factory represents a scalable
decision engine that powers digital operating model
of modern firms.

11
AI-Powered Organizations :The AI Factory Working Model

▪ The AI factory represents a paradigm shift in decision-making and

operational efficiency within digital firms.
▪ It digitizes processes that were traditionally performed by employees and
treats decision-making as an industrial process, leveraging the power of
AI.
▪ By integrating AI, data processing, and analytics,
organizations can leverage the power of scalable
decision engines to drive innovation, improve customer
experiences, and enhance overall performance.

12
AI-Powered Organizations :The AI Factory Working Model

Role of Analytics in the AI Factory

▪ Analytics plays a crucial role in the AI factory by systematically
converting internal and external data into predictions,
insights, and choices.
▪ These predictions guide or automate various
operational actions within the organization.
By leveraging analytics, the AI factory
enables superior scale, scope, and learning
capacity within a digital firm.
13
AI-Powered Organizations :The AI Factory Working Model

Digital Operating Models and AI Factories

▪ Digital operating models encompass the management of
information flows or the guidance of building, delivery, and
operation of physical products.
▪ In both cases, the AI factory sits at the core, guiding critical
processes and operational decisions.
▪ This shift allows humans to move to the
periphery, focusing on tasks that require
creativity, intuition, and complex problem-solving.
14
AI-Powered Organizations :The AI Factory Working Model

The Virtuous Cycle of the AI Factory

▪ The Amazon Flywheel cycle has growth at its core but is
fueled by focusing on the customer rather than profits.
▪ By providing a great customer experience at reasonable prices
it leads to happy customers who are more likely to come back,
thus pushing the cycle.
▪ Amazon Flywheel goes in two cycles that
merge.

15
AI-Powered Organizations :The AI Factory Working Model

The Virtuous Cycle of the AI Factory

The initial cycle:
1. Availability of third-party sellers leads to competition and
wider product selection.
2. Competition and a wide selection of
products allow for lower prices, which
fuels positive customer experiences in
return.
16
AI-Powered Organizations :The AI Factory Working Model

Selection
The Virtuous Cycle of the AI Factory
The initial cycle:
Customer
Sellers
3. Positive customer experiences Experience
result in repeated purchases,
bringing in more traffic. Traffic

4. High traffic brings in more third-

party sellers and overall growth.

17
AI-Powered Organizations :The AI Factory Working Model

The second cycle: Lower Cost Lower

Structure Prices
1. The company’s growth opens
doors for a lower-cost Selection
structure
2. The lower cost structure Customer
Sellers
allows for lower prices of Experience
products
3. Lower prices once again Traffic
improve customer experience
And so on and so forth.
18
AI-Powered Organizations :The AI Factory Working Model

Components of the AI factory

▪ The AI factory approach involves integrating analytics and AI
into the core processes of the company, ensuring efficient and
scalable operations.
▪ The essential components of an AI factory
include a robust data pipeline, algorithm
development, an experimentation platform,
and software infrastructure.

19
AI-Powered Organizations :The AI Factory Working Model

Components of the AI factory

1. The Data Pipeline: In AI factories, the data pipeline plays a crucial role in
gathering, integrating, processing, and safeguarding vast amounts of user
data. It ensures the smooth flow of data through the system, supporting
real-time analytics and decision-making processes.
2. Algorithm Development: Algorithm development
focuses on generating predictions that drive critical
operating activities. These algorithms continuously
learn and adapt, refining recommendations and
enhancing the user experience over time.
20
AI-Powered Organizations :The AI Factory Working Model

Components of the AI factory

3. The Experimentation Platform: The experimentation platform allows for rigorous
testing of hypotheses and evaluation of the impact of suggested changes. It
ensures that modifications have the intended effect and facilitates continuous
improvement.
4. Software Infrastructure: The software infrastructure
component of an AI factory provides a consistent and
scalable framework for data delivery and connectivity. It
enables seamless interactions between internal and
external users, ensuring efficient operations and enhancing
the overall user experience.

21
AI-Powered Organizations :The AI Factory Working Model

The AI factory and its components

22
AI-Powered Organizations :The AI Factory Working Model

The AI Factory’s Role in Data Processing and Analytics

▪ The AI factory brings data processing and analytics,
addressing the challenge of analyzing vast amounts of data.
▪ By automating the process and integrating AI
technologies, the AI factory forms the core of
a digital operating model, driving decision-
making, improving operational efficiency, and
enabling continuous learning in modern
digital firms.
23
AI-Powered Organizations :The AI Factory Working Model

Core value of AI factories: Experimentation and Improvement

▪ The AI factory facilitates rigorous experimentation protocols to test
hypotheses about customer behavior, competitive responses, and process
variations. Data on usage, accuracy, and impact of predictions are
continuously fed back into the system for further learning and
improvement.
▪ This iterative process enables the AI factory to adapt
and refine its algorithms over time. As the digital era
continues to evolve, the AI factory will play a central
role in shaping the future of business and unlocking
new possibilities for success.
24
Product Managers In Forefront of AI Revolution

▪ Product managers have become pivotal figures in the AI revolution,

uniquely positioned to leverage AI's potential to drive product
development and spur innovation.
▪ The traditional responsibilities of product managers—overseeing product
discovery, development, and delivery—are being fundamentally reshaped
by the integration of AI technologies.
▪ Rather than being passive observers, product
managers are now active drivers and strategists,
guiding the incorporation of AI solutions into their
products.

25
Product Managers In Forefront of AI Revolution

▪ As innovation leaders, they are tasked with seamlessly

integrating AI into their product development processes, not
only to keep up with technological progress but to set new
standards for efficiency, functionality, and user experience.
▪ The potential of AI in the hands of product
managers is immense, extending beyond
process optimization to unlocking entirely
new possibilities and approaches.

26
Product Managers In Forefront of AI Revolution

▪ From improving decision-making through machine learning to

developing products that use natural language processing for more
intuitive user interactions, AI empowers product managers to
redefine what can be achieved.
▪ This shift goes beyond technicalities; it's a
fundamental change in the way product
managers think. They must view AI both as a tool
for developing and shipping products and as a
capability to enhance the value of their
ecosystems.
27
Subfields of AI

▪ AI's vast scope includes multiple subfields, each requiring a

nuanced understanding to be effectively applied in product
discovery and development.
▪ This is crucial for maximizing AI's potential and ensuring its
optimal use in product management.
▪ We will briefly discuss and understand the
subfields of AI.

28
Subfields of AI

Natural Language Processing:

▪ At the intersection of AI and human communication lies NLP, a pivotal
subfield that empowers machines to comprehend and interpret human
language.
▪ NLP bridges the gap between the binary world of machines and the
nuanced expressiveness of human communication.
▪ Tasks like language translation, autocorrection, and
smart assistance on mobile devices epitomize the
practical applications of NLP, making interactions with
machines more intuitive and seamless.

29
Subfields of AI

Visual Perception:
▪ It involves a complex interplay of sensory input, cognitive processing, and
contextual understanding to make sense of visual data.
▪ Perception within AI entails the analysis of data obtained from sensors,
cameras, microphones, or similar input devices to comprehend the
surrounding environment.
▪ This capability enables machines to simulate human
perception by recognizing objects, comprehending
speech, and interpreting visual and auditory signals.

30
Subfields of AI

Automatic Programming:
▪ Automatic programming, also known as code generation, refers to the process
of automatically generating computer programs or source code using high-
level specifications, algorithms, and machine learning techniques.
▪ This approach makes software development more
efficient and less time-consuming, as it eliminates the
need for human intervention in writing repetitive or
complex code.
▪ Automatic programming tools can translate simplified
inputs, such as user requirements or system models, into
functional programs.

31
Subfields of AI

Knowledge Representation:
▪ Knowledge Representation in AI refers to the way in which artificial
intelligence systems store, organize, and utilize knowledge to solve
complex problems.
▪ It is a crucial aspect of AI, enabling machines to mimic human
understanding and reasoning.
▪ Knowledge representation involves the creation of
data structures and models that can efficiently
capture information about the world, making it
accessible and usable by AI algorithms for decision-
making, inference, and learning.
32
Subfields of AI

Intelligent Robot:
▪ Intelligent robot has a well developed “artificial brain,” which can arrange
actions according to the purpose and also has sensors and effectors.
Common technologies mainly include core components, robot-specific
sensors, robot software, test/safety and reliability, and other key common
technologies.
▪ Key applications mainly include industrial robots,
service robots, special environment service robots,
and medical/rehabilitation robots. Demonstration
applications are oriented to industrial robots,
medical/rehabilitation robots, and other fields.
33
Subfields of AI

Automated Reasoning:
▪ Automated reasoning is used to prove two things. First, they prove
that a system design or implementation obeys its specification.
Second, they prove it works the way it was intended to.
▪ Automated reasoning does this by producing proofs in formal logic
supported by mathematical theorems or known truths.
▪ Automated reasoning uses mathematical, logic-
based algorithmic verification methods to
produce proofs of security or correctness for all
possible behaviors.
34
Subfields of AI

Automated Reasoning:
▪ When you use automated reasoning, you first present the
system with a problem statement.
▪ Then the automated reasoning system calculates and
validates the assumptions with the problem statement. The
software does this until it exhausts all options.

35
 Subfields of AI

Machine Learning:
▪ Machine Learning is a subset of AI that relies on data and
sophisticated algorithms, enabling machines to evolve and enhance
their decision-making capabilities over time.
▪ A tangible manifestation of ML’s prowess is evident in the
personalized product recommendations
algorithmically crafted on e-commerce platforms.
▪ Here, ML discerns intricate patterns from user
behavior, optimizing the suggestions offered with
each interaction.
36
Subfields of AI

Machine Learning:
▪ Machine learning algorithms can be categorized into three: supervised,
unsupervised and reinforcement learning.
▪ Supervised learning works by taking in clearly-labeled data while being
trained and using that to learn and grow. It uses the labeled data to
predict outcomes for other data.
▪ Unsupervised learning algorithms are given data that is
not labeled. Unsupervised learning algorithms use that
unlabeled data to create models and evaluate the
relationships between different data points in order to
give more insight to the data.
37
Subfields of AI

Machine Learning:
▪ Reinforcement learning algorithms learn by taking in feedback from the
result of its action. This is typically in the form of a “reward”. A
reinforcement algorithm is usually composed of two major parts: an agent
that performs an action, and the environment in which the action is
performed.
▪ The cycle begins when the environment sends a “state”
signal to the agent. That queues the agent to perform a
specific action within the environment.
▪ We will discuss some algorithmic techniques of
machine learning.
38
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
Decision Tree
▪ One of the most common supervised learning algorithms, decision
trees get their name because of their tree-like structure (even
though the tree is inverted).
▪ The “roots” of the tree are the training datasets,
and they lead to specific nodes which denote a
test attribute. Nodes often lead to other nodes,
and a node that doesn’t lead onward is called a
“leaf”.
39
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
Decision Tree
▪ Decision trees classify all the data into decision nodes. It uses a
selection criteria called Attribute Selection Measures (ASM) which
takes into account various measures (some examples would be
entropy, gain ratio, information gain, etc).
▪ Using the root data and following the ASM, the
decision tree can classify the data it is given by
following the training data into sub-nodes until it
reaches the conclusion.
40
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
Decision Tree

41
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
Random Forest
▪ The random forest algorithm is actually a broad collection of
different decision trees, leading to its name.
▪ The random forest builds different decision trees and
connects them to gain more accurate results.
▪ These can be used for both classification and
regression type of supervised learning.

42
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
Random Forest
▪ While a solo decision tree has one outcome and a narrow range of
groups, the forest assures a more accurate result with a bigger
number of groups and decisions.
▪ It has the added benefit of adding randomness to
the model by finding the best feature among a
random subset of features. Overall, these benefits
create a model that has wide diversity that
many data scientists favor.
43
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
Random Forest
As we can see from the
diagram, the results of
decision tree 1,2 and 3
are combined, which is
then averaged out or
the majority is
considered as the final
result.
44
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
Principal Component Analysis
▪ As the number of features or dimensions in a dataset increases, the
amount of data required to obtain a statistically significant result
increases exponentially.
▪ Principal Component Analysis works on the
condition that while the data in a higher
dimensional space is mapped to data in a lower
dimension space, the variance of the data in the
lower dimensional space should be maximum.
45
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
Principal Component Analysis
▪ It is used to examine the interrelations among a set of variables and
is also known as a general factor analysis where regression
determines a line of best fit.
▪ The main goal is to reduce the dimensionality of a
data set by finding a new set of variables, smaller
than the original set of variables, retaining most
of the sample’s information, and useful for the
regression and classification of data.
46
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
Principal Component Analysis

47
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
K-Means
▪ From there, it sorts the remaining data points into clusters based
on their proximity to each other and the centroid data point for
each cluster.
▪ The algorithm takes the unlabeled dataset as
input, divides the dataset into k-number of
clusters, and repeats the process until it does not
find the best clusters. The value of k should be
predetermined in this algorithm.
48
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
K-Means
The k-means clustering algorithm mainly performs two tasks:
▪ Determines the best value for K center points or centroids by
an iterative process.
▪ Assigns each data point to its closest k-
center. Those data points which are near to
the particular k-center, create a cluster.

49
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
K-Means
The working of the K-Means algorithm is as follows:
1: Select the number K to decide the number of clusters.
2: Select random K points or centroids.
3: Assign each data point to their closest centroid, which will form the
predefined K clusters.
4: Calculate the variance and place a new centroid of each
cluster.
5: Repeat the third steps, which means reassign each
datapoint to the new closest centroid of each cluster.
50
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
K-Means

51
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
K-Nearest Neighbor
▪ K-NN algorithm can be used for Regression as well as for Classification but
mostly it is used for the Classification problems.
▪ Suppose there are two categories, i.e., Category A and Category B, and we
have a new data point x1, so this data point will lie in which of these
categories.
▪ To solve this type of problem, we need a K-NN
algorithm. With the help of K-NN, we can easily
identify the category or class of a particular dataset.

52
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
K-Nearest Neighbor

53
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
Linear regression:
▪ Linear regression is a supervised learning AI algorithm used for regression
modeling. It’s mostly used for discovering the relationship between data
points, predictions, and forecasting.
▪ Much like Support Vector Machines, it works by
plotting pieces of data on a chart with the X-axis as the
independent variable and the Y-axis as the dependent
variable. The data points are then plotted out in a
linear fashion to determine their relationship and
forecast possible future data.
54
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
Linear regression:
▪ Linear regression is one of the easiest and most popular Machine Learning
algorithms. It is a statistical method that is used for predictive analysis.
Linear regression makes predictions for continuous/real or numeric
variables such as sales, salary, age, product price, etc.
▪ Linear regression algorithm shows a linear relationship
between a dependent (y) and one or more
independent (x) variables, hence called as linear
regression.

55
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
Linear regression:
▪ Since linear regression shows the linear
relationship, which means it finds how the
value of the dependent variable is changing
according to the value of the independent
variable.
▪ The linear regression model provides a sloped
straight line representing the relationship
between the variables.
56
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
Logistic regression
▪ A logistic regression algorithm usually uses a binary value (0/1) to
estimate values from a set of independent variables. The output of
logistic regression is either 1 or 0, yes or no. An example of this
would be a spam filter in email. The filter uses logistic regression to
• mark whether an incoming email is spam (0) or
not (1).
▪ Logistic regression is only useful when the
dependent variable is categorical, either yes or no.
57
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
Logistic regression
▪ The logistic regression model is based on the logistic function,
which is a type of S-shaped curve that maps any continuous
input to a probability value between 0 and 1.
▪ The logistic function allows us to model the
relationship between the independent
variables and the probability of the
dependent variable taking on the value of 1.
58
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
Logistic regression
▪ The logistic regression model estimates the coefficients of the
independent variables that are most predictive of the dependent
variable.
▪ These coefficients are used to create a linear
equation that is then transformed by the logistic
function to produce a probability value for the
dependent variable taking on the value of 1.

59
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
Logistic regression
▪ Logistic regression is commonly used
in fields such as healthcare, marketing,
finance, and social sciences to predict
the likelihood of an event occurring,
such as whether a patient has a
certain disease or whether a customer
will buy a product.

60
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
Support Vector Machines
▪ The support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is another common AI
algorithm that can be used for either classification or regression (but is
most often used for classification).
▪ SVM works by plotting each piece of data on a chart (in
N dimensional space where N = the number of
datapoints). Then, the algorithm classifies the
datapoints by finding the hyperplane that separates
each class. There can be more than one hyperplane.

61
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
Support Vector Machines
▪ The main objective of a support vector
machine is to segregate the given dataset in
the best possible way. The distance between
the either nearest points is known as the
margin.
▪ The objective is to select a hyperplane with the
maximum possible margin between support
vectors in the given dataset. SVM searches for
the maximum marginal hyperplane.
62
Subfields of AI
Machine Learning
Support Vector Machines
▪ Generate hyperplanes which segregates the
classes in the best way. The figure on top
shows three hyperplanes black, blue and
orange. Here, the blue and orange have
higher classification error, but the black is
separating the two classes correctly.
▪ Select the right hyperplane with the maximum
segregation from the either nearest data points as
shown in the figure at the bottom.
63
Subfields of AI

Neural Network:
▪ A neural network is a machine learning program, or model, that
makes decisions in a manner similar to the human brain, by
using processes that mimic the way biological neurons work
together to identify phenomena, weigh options and arrive at
conclusions.
▪ Every neural network consists of layers of
nodes, or artificial neurons—an input layer, one
or more hidden layers, and an output layer.
64
Subfields of AI

Neural Network:
▪ Each node connects to others, and has its
own associated weight and threshold.
▪ If the output of any individual node is
above the specified threshold value, that
node is activated, sending data to the next
layer of the network. Otherwise, no data is
passed along to the next layer of the
network.

65
Subfields of AI

Neural Network:
▪ Neural networks rely on training data to learn and improve their accuracy
over time. Once they are fine-tuned for accuracy, they are powerful tools
in computer science and artificial intelligence, allowing us to classify and
cluster data at a high velocity.
▪ Tasks in speech recognition or image recognition can
take minutes versus hours. One of the best-known
examples of a neural network is Google’s search
algorithm.
▪ We will discuss a few types of neural network in the
next slide.
66
Subfields of AI
Neural Networks

Boltzmann machine
▪ A Boltzmann machine is an unsupervised deep learning model
in which every node is connected to every other node. It is a
type of recurrent neural network, and the nodes make binary
decisions with some level of bias.
▪ These machines are not deterministic deep
learning models, they are stochastic or
generative deep learning models.
67
Subfields of AI
Neural Networks

Boltzmann machine
▪ There are two types of nodes in the Boltzmann Machine — Visible
nodes — those nodes which we can and do measure, and the
Hidden nodes – those nodes which we cannot or do not measure.
▪ Although the node types are different, the
Boltzmann machine considers them as the same
and everything works as one single system.

68
Subfields of AI
Neural Networks

Boltzmann machine
▪ The training data is fed into the
Boltzmann Machine and the
weights of the system are
adjusted accordingly.
▪ Boltzmann machines help us
understand abnormalities by
learning about the working of the
system in normal conditions.
69
Subfields of AI
Neural Networks

Multi-layer perceptron
▪ A multi-layer perceptron (MLP) is a type of artificial neural network
consisting of multiple layers of neurons. The neurons in the MLP
typically use nonlinear activation functions, allowing the network to
learn complex patterns in data.
▪ MLPs are significant in machine learning because
they can learn nonlinear relationships in data,
making them powerful models for tasks such as
classification, regression, and pattern recognition.
70
Subfields of AI
Neural Networks

Multi-layer perceptron
▪ It has one input layer and for each input, there is
one neuron(or node), it has one output layer with
a single node for each output and it can have any
number of hidden layers, and each hidden layer
can have any number of nodes.
▪ If it has more than 1 hidden layer, it is called a
deep artificial neural network. An MLP is a typical
example of a feedforward artificial neural network.
71
Subfields of AI

Deep Learning:
▪ Deep Learning can process an extensive array of data types, including
image and sound.
▪ Its application transcends the textual domain, finding
resonance in groundbreaking advancements such as
the development of driverless cars showcases its ability
in object detection and decision-making, ushering in a
new era of sensory understanding for machines.
▪ The next slide will briefly explain some deep learning
neural networks.

72
Subfields of AI
Deep Learning

Recurrent Neural Networks

▪ It is a type of Neural Network where the output from the previous step is
fed as input to the current step. In traditional neural networks, all the
inputs and outputs are independent of each other.
▪ Still, in cases when it is required to predict the next
word of a sentence, the previous words are required
and hence there is a need to remember the previous
words. Thus, RNN came into existence, which solved
this issue with the help of a Hidden Layer.
73
Subfields of AI
Deep Learning

Recurrent Neural Networks

▪ The main feature of RNN is its Hidden state,
which remembers some information about a
sequence. The state is also referred to as
Memory State since it remembers the previous
input to the network.
▪ It uses the same parameters for each input as it
performs the same task on all inputs or hidden
layers to produce the output. This reduces
complexity of parameters, unlike other neural
networks.
74
Subfields of AI
Deep Learning

Convolutional Neural Network

▪ A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), also known as ConvNet, is a
specialized type of deep learning algorithm mainly designed for
tasks that necessitate object recognition, including image
classification, detection, and segmentation.
▪ CNNs are employed in a variety of practical
scenarios, such as autonomous vehicles, security
camera systems, and others.
75
Subfields of AI
Deep Learning

Convolutional Neural Network

▪ CNNs mimic the human visual system but are simpler, lacking
its complex feedback mechanisms and relying on supervised
learning rather than unsupervised, driving advances in
computer vision despite these differences.

76
Subfields of AI
Deep Learning

Generative Adversarial Network

▪ Generative Adversarial Network represents a cutting-edge
approach to generative modeling within deep learning, often
leveraging architectures like convolutional neural networks.
▪ The goal of generative modeling is to
autonomously identify patterns in input data,
enabling the model to produce new examples
that feasibly resemble the original dataset.
77
Subfields of AI
Deep Learning

Generative Adversarial Network

Generative Adversarial Networks can be broken down into three parts:
▪ Generative: To learn a generative model, which describes how data is
generated in terms of a probabilistic model.
▪ Adversarial: The generative result is compared with the
actual images in the data set. A mechanism known as a
discriminator is used to apply a model that attempts to
distinguish between real and fake images.
▪ Networks: Use deep neural networks as artificial
intelligence algorithms for training purposes.
78
Subfields of AI
Deep Learning

Generative Adversarial Network

79
Subfields of AI
Deep Learning

Deep Belief Network

▪ Deep Belief Networks are sophisticated artificial neural networks used in
the field of deep learning, a subset of machine learning. They are designed
to discover and learn patterns within large sets of data automatically.
▪ We can imagine them as multi-layered networks,
where each layer is capable of making sense of the
information received from the previous one, gradually
building up a complex understanding of the overall
data.
80
Subfields of AI
Deep Learning

Deep Belief Network

▪ It is useful for tasks like image and speech recognition, where the input
data is high-dimensional and requires a deep level of understanding.
▪ The architecture of DBNs also makes them good at
unsupervised learning, where the goal is to understand
and label input data without explicit guidance. This
characteristic is particularly useful in scenarios where
labelled data is scarce or when the goal is to explore the
structure of the data without any preconceived labels.
81
Subfields of AI

Computer Vision:
▪ Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence that uses machine
learning and neural networks to teach computers and systems to
derive meaningful information from digital images, videos and
other visual inputs—and to make recommendations or take actions
when they see defects or issues.
▪ If AI enables computers to think, computer vision
enables them to see, observe and understand.

82
Subfields of AI

Generative AI:
▪ Unleashing the power of creativity within AI, Generative AI,
exemplified by Large Language Models like GPT-4 and Google’s
Bard, serves as an artistic force in the digital realm.
▪ This subfield thrives on generating content in
response to prompts, showcasing versatility in
creating anything from concise report summaries
to engaging promotional emails.
▪ Generative AI is an innovative tool amplifying the
creative capacities of machines.
83
Subfields of AI
icial Intelligence
Artif
Automatic Programming Visual Perception
Natural language Knowledge
Processing chine Learnin Representation
Intelligent Ma g
Automatic
Robot Linear/Logistic Support Vector Reasoning
Regression Machines
Principal Component Random Forest
Analysis ral Network
Neu
K-Nearest
K-Means Decision
Boltzman Neural MLP Trees
network
ep Learning
De
CNN RNN

DBN GAN

84
Subfields of AI

tificial Intelligenc
Ar e

chin
e Learnin
Ma g

Deep Natural Language

Learning Processing

Computer
Vision
Generative AI
& Large Language Models

AI Ecosystem

85
 Conclusion

▪ In this module we have understood the digitalization of

traditional organization to support AI ecosystem with the help
of AI Factory Working Model and its various components.
▪ Thereafter, we have discussed how product managers play a
pivotal role in this transformation journey from traditional to
the incorporation of AI
▪ Finally, we have understood the subfields of
AI and their various types, which are all part
of the AI ecosystem.
86
 REFERENCES

• [Link]
a-comprehensive-guide-for-product-professionals-53198782153e
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
machine-learning
• [Link]

87
Thank You

88