G.

Narayanamma Institute of Technology & Science (For Women)

(Autonomous)
Shaikpet, Hyderabad - 500 104
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Guidelines for preparing the Project Report

❖ Project report must be spiral bound in colour only

❖ Use A4 size executive bond paper and type one side only.

❖ No. of copies to be submitted : 2 paper bound colour copies ( one for the dept. and
one for the internal guide), individual copies as per
the team size and 2 softcopies (soft copy should be a
CD/DVD with project code, documentation,
technologies used, literature survey, ppts of the
project, read me file with the clear procedure for
execution of the project.

❖ Page Margins : Default Size(Left : 1.5”, Top, Right, Bottom : 1” )

❖ Font Type : Times New Roman
❖ Font Size (body text) : 12
Chapter Heading : Font Size 16, Chapter No. & Name (Center aligned),
All Caps, don’t use “chapter” in heading.
Sub Heading : Font Size 14 , left justified, Sentence Case
❖ Line Spacing : 1.5
❖ Format : Justified Text
❖ Side headings : Bold
❖ Each paragraph must start at 6th column.
❖ Simple and neat
❖ Abbreviations must be expanded when first time used in parenthesis.
Example: Light Emitting Diode (LED)

❖ Don’t split the pages between side heading and the paragraph.
❖ Each page must be numbered (Bottom middle). Page number 1 should start from
Introduction chapter.
❖ Each diagram/DFD/ER diagram/ Flow chart / Table if any must be labeled and
numbered properly (chapter no. fig no. Ex: Fig 1.1, 2.1) and should be referred to in
text.
❖ Every chapter should have at least 3-4 pages. Overall documentation should consist of a
minimum of 20 to 30 pages.
❖ Title of the project should be concise and clearly convey the work presented.
❖ Students’ names along with the roll nos. must appear in roll no. order wherever
applicable.
❖ Spell check must be done following British English (Ex: Colour). The marks would be
reduced even for spelling mistakes.

❖ Certificates should have all the student names along with roll nos. in roll no. order.
❖ Individual name of the student in the certificates is not accepted.
❖ The first chapter should clearly reflect the importance and objectives of the project.
❖ Any downloaded matter or tables or equations if used, should be re-written and
properly numbered.

❖ The students who are doing projects in an organization should include the certificate
given by that organization about the completion of the project and should be placed
after the college certificate in the project report.

❖ In the literature survey, you have to quote “the statements” (which are useful to your
dissertation)”. i.e. References should be quoted in the literature survey. (Ex: As in [1]
though the Return loss and VSWR are of good range the data rates of the designed
MIMO Antenna are low). Comparative study like, what is the new technology
Implemented. Example:
[1] Author’s name is XYZ, and year of publication is 2000, then we have to
write it as
XYZ (2000) has stated as
---
---
If we have more than 2 authors, then it should be given as (say authors are ABC, DEF
and GHI , in 2004)
ABC et al., (2004) have analyzed as …….

❖ All the text in blue color should be replaced by suitable data relating to your
project.

❖ The following is the order of the pages for the spiral binding of project report,

Page Page Number

Cover page No page number here

Certificate page No page number here
Acknowledgements No page number here
Abstract iv
Table of contents v
List of Figures No page number here
List of Tables No page number here
Chapter-n 1
 A Mini Project Report on

AUTOMATIC PULSE DISPENSER

Submitted to the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, GNITS in the

partial fulfillment of the academic requirement for the award of [Link] (EEE)
under JNTUH, Hyderabad

By

Names of the candidates [Link]

Chatla Shloka 21251A0268
Thatipelli Ashritha 21251A0287
Chitrala Lakshmi Mahathi 21251A02A0
Ramasani Sakshitha 21251A02B6
Velagandula Yaswitha 22255A0210

under the guidance of

Mrs. P.V.S.S.A Parimala
[Link]

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

G. NARAYANAMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &SCIENCE
(Autonomous) (For Women)
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad.
Accredited by NBA & NAAC, an ISO 9001:2015 certified Institution.
Shaikpet, Hyderabd-500104
July 2024
 G. Narayanamma Institute of Technology & Science
(Autonomous)(For Women)
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad
Accredited by NBA & NAAC, an ISO 9001:2015 certified Institution
Shaikpet, Hyderabd-500104

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Certificate

This is to certify that the Mini Project report on “AUTOMATIC PULSE DISPENSER” is a
bonafide work carried out by Chatla Shloka (21251A0268), Thatipelli Ashritha (21251A0287),
Chitrala Lakshmi Mahathi (21251A02A0), Ramasani Sakshitha (21251A02B6), Velagandula
Yaswitha (22255A0210) in the partial fulfillment for the award of [Link] degree in Electrical
& Electronics Engineering , G. Narayanamma Institute of Technology & Science, Shaikpet,
Hyderabad, affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad under our
guidance and supervision for the academic year 2024-2025.

The results embodied in the Mini project work have not been submitted to any
other University or Institute for the award of any degree or diploma.

Internal Guide Head of the Department

Mrs. P.V.S.S. A Parimala, [Link] Krishna Reddy,
Asst. Professor Professor and Head, EEE.
 Acknowledgements

We are extremely thankful and indebted to our internal guide, Mrs. P.V.S.S. A Parimala ,
Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, GNITS for her constant guidance, encouragement
and moral support throughout the project.
We extend our heartfelt gratitude to Dr. [Link] Krishna Reddy, Professor & Head,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, GNITS, for the unwavering support and
invaluable guidance throughout our project, providing timely assistance and insightful
suggestions.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to Dr. K. Ramesh Reddy, Principal, GNITS, for
providing the working facilities in the college.

We are extremely thankful to Mrs. Narmada By reddy, Assistant Professor, project

coordinator, Department of EEE, GNITS for all the valuable suggestions and guidance during
the period of our project.

Finally, we are extremely thankful to all the faculty members and staff of EEE Department
who helped us directly or indirectly, parents and friends for their cooperation in completing the
project work.

Names of the candidates [Link]

Chatla Shloka 21251A0268
Thatipelli Ashritha 21251A0287
Chitrala Lakshmi Mahathi 21251A02A0
Ramasani Sakshitha 21251A02B6
Velagandula Yaswitha 22255A0210
 ABSTRACT

Automatic dispensing containers are specially designed containers equipped with mechanisms
that allow for the automated dispensing of various items such as food, drinks, medications, and
other goods. These containers are created to offer controlled access to their contents through
user-initiated commands.

Currently, conventional dispensers face challenges concerning inaccurate measurement of

quantities, leading to customer dissatisfaction and unnecessary wastage. To tackle this issue,
we
propose the development of an automatic machine aimed at accurately measuring and
dispensing contents according to customer specifications.

The automatic dispenser utilizes the mechanism of gravity-fed dispensing and control systems
which govern the process by using sensors, microcontrollers, user interfaces, communication
modules allowing for precise and controlled delivery.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

This project proposes an Automatic Pulse Dispenser (APD) designed to dispense

liquids based on user-defined parameters. The system utilizes a microcontroller (Arduino Uno),
a keypad for user input, an LCD for displaying information, a relay for controlling the DC
actuator, a load cell for measuring weight, and an HX 711 amplifier for precise weight
measurements.

The core functionality involves the user inputting the desired quantity via the keypad, which is
then displayed on the LCD. The DC actuator, controlled by the Arduino via the relay,
dispenses fluid in calibrated pulses. The load cell and HX 711 combination accurately
measures the dispensed quantity, ensuring precise delivery.

This system aims to provide a cost-effective and versatile solution for automated dispensing
applications, integrating hardware components with Arduino programming for seamless
operation. Potential applications include automated beverage dispensers, chemical mixing
processes, and pharmaceutical production lines where accurate dosing is critical.

The Automatic Pulse Dispenser (APD) project uses a power supply to energize its components,
with the Arduino UNO microcontroller at its core. A relay controls the DC actuator, which
dispenses liquid in precise pulses. User input is managed via a keypad, and the LCD displays
real-time status updates. A load cell and HX711 amplifier ensure accurate measurement of the
dispensed liquid. The project is programmed using the Arduino IDE compiler for Embedded C.
 CHAPTER-2
LITRATURE REVIEW
 CHAPTER-3
PROPOSED SYSTEM
3.1 COMPONENTS

3.11 ARDUINO UNO

Arduino UNO is a low-cost, flexible, and easy-to-use programmable open-source

microcontroller board that can be integrated into a variety of electronic projects. This board can
be interfaced with other Arduino boards, Arduino shields, Raspberry Pi boards and can control
relays, LCD's, servos, and motors as an output.

3.12 KEYPAD
The 4 x 4 Matrix Keypad Module is a non-encoded matrix keypad consisting of 16 keys
in parallel. The keys of each row and column are connected through the pins outside – pin R1-
R4 as labeled beside control the rows, when L1-L4, the columns. A 4×4 matrix keypad
consisting of microswitch buttons. A microcontroller can scan these lines for a button-pressed
state.

3.13 LOAD CELL

Load cells are sensors that detect force (mass, torque, etc.). When force is applied to a
load cell, it converts the force into an electrical signal. Load cells are also known as "load
transducers," because they convert a load (force) into electrical signals.

3.14 LCD
A 16×2 LCD display is a liquid crystal display that can show 16 characters in each of
its two rows, providing a total of 32 characters of information.
3.15 SMPS
It is used for obtaining a controlled DC [Link] other power supplies, an SMPS
transfers power from a DC or AC source (often mains power), to DC loads, such as a personal
computer, while converting voltage and current characteristics. It uses a dc to dc switching
converter switched at high frequency.

3.16 RELAY
A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input terminals for a
single or multiple control signals, and a set of operating contact terminals. The switch may
have any number of contacts in multiple contact forms, such as make contacts, break contacts,
or combinations thereof.

3.17 HX 711 AMPLIFIER

The HX711 is a precision 24-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that is designed for
weighing scales and industrial control applications to interface directly with a bridge sensor. It
is specially made for amplifying signals from cells and reporting them to another micro
controller.

3.18 DC ACTUATOR
Actuators are key devices used in all those applications that demand smooth linear
motion. These actuators are distinguished by their used power source, as well as screw type. A
linear actuator that is driven by a DC power source is known as a DC linear actuator.
3.19 JUMPER WIRES
A jumper wire is an electric wire that connects remote electric circuits used for printed
circuit boards. By attaching a jumper wire on the circuit, it can be short-circuited and short-cut
(jump) to the electric circuit.

3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply)

The SMPS, or Switched Mode Power Supply, is responsible for converting electricity
from alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). This conversion is essential because the
components in the Automatic Dispenser system, particularly the DC actuator, require DC
power to operate. By supplying the necessary voltage and current, the SMPS ensures that the
actuator can function effectively whenever it is needed. Additionally, the SMPS works in
conjunction with a relay to control the power flow to the actuator, enabling precise operation
based on user input.
Adapter
The adapter plays a crucial role in supplying power to the Arduino Uno, which is the
central control unit of the Automatic Dispenser system. It provides a stable power source,
ensuring that the Arduino operates correctly without interruptions. The reliability of the adapter
is vital, as any fluctuations in power could affect the performance of the Arduino and,
consequently, the entire dispensing process. By maintaining a consistent power supply, the
adapter helps the Arduino perform its functions smoothly and efficiently.

4x4 Keypad

The 4x4 keypad is an essential user interface component that allows users to input the
desired amount of liquid they want to dispense. Comprising a grid of buttons, this keypad
enables straightforward interaction with the system. When a user presses a button to enter a
quantity, the information is sent to the Arduino for processing. This user-friendly design
ensures that setting the dispensing parameters is quick and easy, facilitating a seamless user
experience.
Load Cell

The load cell is a critical component responsible for measuring the weight of the liquid
being dispensed. It provides real-time feedback to the system, allowing for precise control over
the amount dispensed. The load cell is connected to the Arduino through the HX711 amplifier,
which amplifies the signals from the load cell for accurate reading. By continuously monitoring
the weight of the liquid, the load cell ensures that the dispenser operates accurately, preventing
under-dispensing or over-dispensing.

HX711 Amplifier

The HX711 amplifier enhances the signals received from the load cell, making it easier
for the Arduino to read and interpret the weight measurements accurately. This amplification is
necessary because the signals from the load cell can be very small and may require boosting for
proper analysis. The HX711 serves as an intermediary between the load cell and the Arduino,
ensuring that the data transmitted is reliable and precise, which is crucial for maintaining
accuracy in the dispensing process.

LCD Display

The LCD display is an important visual component of the Automatic Dispenser system.
It shows the user information such as the amount of liquid to be dispensed and the current
status of the dispensing process. By providing real-time feedback, the LCD helps users monitor
the operation and make informed decisions. This display enhances user interaction by making
it easy to see how much liquid has been dispensed and whether the system is functioning as
expected.

Relay

The relay functions as a switch that controls high-power devices in the Automatic
Dispenser system. It acts as an intermediary between the Arduino and the DC actuator,
allowing the Arduino to safely control the power to the actuator without directly handling high
voltages. When the Arduino sends a signal through the relay, it activates the actuator to
dispense the liquid. This arrangement provides safety and ensures that the components operate
without risk of damage from electrical surges.

DC Actuator
The DC actuator is the mechanical component responsible for dispensing the liquid
based on signals received from the Arduino. Once activated by the relay, the actuator moves to
release the specified amount of liquid into a container. This precise movement is crucial for
achieving the desired dispensing accuracy. By controlling the actuator effectively, the system
can deliver consistent and reliable amounts of liquid, making it suitable for various
applications.
 CHAPTER-4
WORKING
The Automatic Dispenser works by allowing the user to give the input of desired
quantity via a keypad, which is processed by an Arduino. The system then activates an actuator
to dispense the required amount, it is continuously monitored by a load cell to check the
accuracy. Once the desired quantity is dispensed in the collector, the process stops
automatically.

4. 1: Schematic diagram of AUTOMATIC DISPENSER

SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply)

The SMPS, or Switched Mode Power Supply, is responsible for converting electricity
from alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). This conversion is essential because the
components in the Automatic Dispenser system, particularly the DC actuator, require DC
power to operate. By supplying the necessary voltage and current, the SMPS ensures that the
actuator can function effectively whenever it is needed. Additionally, the SMPS works in
conjunction with a relay to control the power flow to the actuator, enabling precise operation
based on user input.
Adapter
The adapter plays a crucial role in supplying power to the Arduino Uno, which is the
central control unit of the Automatic Dispenser system. It provides a stable power source,
ensuring that the Arduino operates correctly without interruptions. The reliability of the adapter
is vital, as any fluctuations in power could affect the performance of the Arduino and,
consequently, the entire dispensing process. By maintaining a consistent power supply, the
adapter helps the Arduino perform its functions smoothly and efficiently.

4x4 Keypad

The 4x4 keypad is an essential user interface component that allows users to input the
desired amount of liquid they want to dispense. Comprising a grid of buttons, this keypad
enables straightforward interaction with the system. When a user presses a button to enter a
quantity, the information is sent to the Arduino for processing.
This user-friendly design ensures that setting the dispensing parameters is quick and easy,
facilitating a seamless user experience.

Load Cell

The load cell is a critical component responsible for measuring the weight of the liquid
being dispensed. It provides real-time feedback to the system, allowing for precise control over
the amount dispensed. The load cell is connected to the Arduino through the HX711 amplifier,
which amplifies the signals from the load cell for accurate reading. By continuously monitoring
the weight of the liquid, the load cell ensures that the dispenser operates accurately, preventing
under-dispensing or over-dispensing.

HX711 Amplifier

The HX711 amplifier enhances the signals received from the load cell, making it easier
for the Arduino to read and interpret the weight measurements accurately. This amplification is
necessary because the signals from the load cell can be very small and may require boosting for
proper analysis. The HX711 serves as an intermediary between the load cell and the Arduino,
ensuring that the data transmitted is reliable and precise, which is crucial for maintaining
accuracy in the dispensing process.

LCD Display

The LCD display is an important visual component of the Automatic Dispenser system.
It shows the user information such as the amount of liquid to be dispensed and the current
status of the dispensing process. By providing real-time feedback, the LCD helps users monitor
the operation and make informed decisions. This display enhances user interaction by making
it easy to see how much liquid has been dispensed and whether the system is functioning as
expected.

Relay

The relay functions as a switch that controls high-power devices in the Automatic
Dispenser system. It acts as an intermediary between the Arduino and the DC actuator,
allowing the Arduino to safely control the power to the actuator without directly handling high
voltages. When the Arduino sends a signal through the relay, it activates the actuator to
dispense the liquid. This arrangement provides safety and ensures that the components operate
without risk of damage from electrical surges.

DC Actuator
The DC actuator is the mechanical component responsible for dispensing the liquid
based on signals received from the Arduino. Once activated by the relay, the actuator moves to
release the specified amount of liquid into a container. This precise movement is crucial for
achieving the desired dispensing accuracy. By controlling the actuator effectively, the system
can deliver consistent and reliable amounts of liquid, making it suitable for various
applications.
4. 2: FLOW DIAGRAM

1. Keypad/Display:
o The system starts with a user input through the keypad interface. The input is
displayed on the LCD screen.
2. Checking Quantity:
o The system checks if the user's input quantity is available in the container.
o If the present quantity in the container is greater than or equal to the user
input, the process continues.
o If not, the system displays "Insufficient Quantity" and stops.

3. Start the Process:

o If the quantity check passes, the process begins, activating the controlling
mechanism to dispense the material into the collector.
4. Monitoring Quantity:
o During the dispensing process, the system continuously monitors the quantity
being dispensed.
o The process will repeat until the user input quantity matches the collector
quantity.
5. Stop the Process:
o Once the required quantity is dispensed, the system stops the process,
confirming the required quantity has been obtained.
The code below is used to control the main operations of the Automatic Dispenser. It
integrates various hardware components to achieve precise pulse dispensing based on the user's
input. The key features of the code include:
1. User Input via Keypad: The user enters the desired quantity of pulses (in grams) using
a 4x4 keypad.
2. Weight Measurement: The system continuously measures the weight of the dispensed
pulses using a load cell and displays the real-time weight on the LCD screen.
3. Actuator Control: A DC actuator is activated to dispense pulses and is stopped
automatically when the desired weight is reached.
4. User Feedback: The system provides continuous feedback on the LCD, such as the
current weight and when dispensing is completed.

#include <Arduino.h>
#include "HX711.h"
#include <Keypad.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
char R;
const byte ROWS = 4; // Four rows
const byte COLS = 4; // Four columns
char keys[ROWS][COLS] = {
{'1','2','3'},
{'4','5','6'},
{'7','8','9'},
{'*','0','#'}
};
byte rowPins[ROWS] = {10,9,8,7};
byte colPins[COLS] = {6,5,4};
Keypad keypad = Keypad(makeKeymap(keys), rowPins, colPins, ROWS, COLS);
// HX711 circuit wiring
const int LOADCELL_DOUT_PIN = 2;
const int LOADCELL_SCK_PIN = 3;
int w;
int f=0;
HX711 scale;
int A = 100;
int B = 200;
int C = 300;
int D = 400;
int E = 500;
int F = 600;
int G = 700;
int H = 800;
int I = 900;
////////////
void forword()
{
digitalWrite(11,HIGH);
delay(4000);
digitalWrite(11,LOW);
}
void backword()
{
digitalWrite(12,HIGH);
delay(4000);
digitalWrite(12,LOW);
}

void setup() {
[Link](9600);
pinMode(11,OUTPUT);
pinMode(12,OUTPUT);
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link](0,0);
[Link]("welcome to the ");
[Link](0,1);
[Link]("project ");
delay(1000);
 [Link](0,0);
[Link]("Initializing the ");
[Link](0,1);
[Link]("scale ");
[Link](LOADCELL_DOUT_PIN, LOADCELL_SCK_PIN);
[Link]();
scale.read_average(20);
scale.get_value(5);
scale.get_units(5),1;
scale.set_scale(-459.542);
[Link]();
[Link]();
scale.read_average(20);
scale.get_value(5);
scale.get_units(5), 1;
[Link](0,0);
[Link]("Initialization ");
[Link](0,1);
[Link]("ok ");
delay(1000);
}

void loop() {
String s3="";
int n=0,n1=0;
if ([Link]()){
R=[Link]();
}

while(1)
{
w = scale.get_units(), 1;
w=w*1.1;
 [Link](w);
//[Link]();
if(w>=0)
{
[Link](0,0);
[Link]("Grams = " );
[Link](w);
[Link](" ");
}
else
{
[Link](0,0);
[Link]("Grams = " );
[Link]("0");
[Link](" ");
}
[Link](0,1);
[Link]("ENTER QTY:");
char key = [Link]();// Read the key
if(key=='#')
{
break;

}
if(key)
{
s3=s3+String(key);
[Link](s3);
n=[Link]();
n=n*100;
}
[Link](n);
delay(200);
}
 while ((n==100)||(n==200)||(n==300)||(n==400)||(n==500)||(n==600)||(n==700)||
(n==800)||(n==800))
{

w = scale.get_units(), 1;
w=w*1.1;
if(w>=0)
{
[Link](0,0);
[Link]("Grams = " );
[Link](w);
[Link](" ");
}
else
{
[Link](0,0);
[Link]("Grams = " );
[Link]("0");
[Link](" ");
}

[Link](0,1);
[Link]("Filling ");
if(f==0)
{
f=1;
digitalWrite(11,HIGH);
delay(1500);
digitalWrite(11,LOW);
}

if(w>=(n-10))
 {

[Link](0,0);
//[Link]("Grams = " );
[Link]("Grams = "+String(n)+"");
[Link](" ");
[Link](0,1);
[Link]("Completed ");

digitalWrite(12,HIGH);
delay(1500);
digitalWrite(12,LOW);
n=0;
f=0;
break;
}
}

delay(500);
}
 CHAPTER-5
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
 CHAPTER-6
APPLICATION
 CHAPTER-7
ADVANTAGES AND DRAWBACKS
ADVANTAGES :

 Cost-Effective: The components used here are fairly easily accessible; the Arduino Uno,
load cell, and relay cost significantly less than many other similar systems on the
commercial market.
 Precision and Accuracy: This is through the integration of the load cell with the HX711
amplifier to measure the weight poured and assist in the measurement of the amount of
liquid dispensed.
 User-Friendly Interface: The keypad and LCD present a neat and user-friendly design
mainly for those who would wish to input certain quantities besides the real-time
information that can be easily viewed.
 Versatile Application: Since the system is easily configurable and its components can be
ordered in different sizes, it can be used extensively in food and beverage industries for
dispensing alcoholic and non alcoholic beverages, or in chemical and pharmaceutical
industries for mixing chemicals or dosing drugs.
 Programmability: Flexibility in programming is achieved using the Arduino IDE since
users can change the functionality as needed or to improve the system in the long run.
 Compact Design: The system combines various parts into a single assembly that can easily
fit into areas with restricted space where the automatic dispensing is required.
 Automation: Solutions can significantly minimize the manual labor that goes into the
process, create a standardized procedure, enhance productivity, and decrease possible
errors that are associated with the process such as measuring the volume of liquid required.
DRAWBACKS :

 Limited Accuracy in High Precision Applications: Thus, though load cell and HX711
amplifier are quite accurate, the system may not always require much precision depending
on the industries it is being used in and may not be suitable for very sensitive industries
such as pharmaceutical industries or micro-fluids without further enhancing the system.
 Dependency on Power Supply: The system operates through power supply and any power
failure may cause stagnation of the process and rationing of the quantities to be dispensed.
 Component Limitations: However, the high performance of the given APD is fully
determined by the quality and precision of the components offered. For example, load cells
or relays of a cheap class can generate incorrect data, or quickly wear out due to intensive
use.
 No Feedback Mechanism for Fluid Flow Control: Further, the packaged system cannot
monitor as well as manage the flow rate or the viscosity of the dispensed fluids to
accommodate thick fluids or complex fluids in one go.
 Calibrated for Specific Fluids: Sometimes for the same type of liquid, the viscosity or
density may change, and that may affect the working of the system hence the need to
calibrate it, which may be cumbersome for the user.
 No Built-In Error Detection: The system does not currently have error checking
functionalities to notify the users in case there is a failure in some of the system parts such
as the actuator, the load cell, or the relay meaning that dispensing will be incorrect but the
system will not indicate this.
 Limited Scalability: Despite being very efficient for the immobilization of small scale
processes, the system may not efficiently serve large industrial uses without appropriate
enhancement.
 Potential for Mechanical Failure: Some of these devices include the DC actuator and relay;
they may begin to wear out and may require replacement at an increased frequency with
possibility of system failure.

 CHAPTER-8

8.1 CONCLUSION

The concept and design of the Automatic Pulse Dispenser are well illustrated by the use of
available hardware components connected to the Arduino-based software. Through integrating
circuit using a micro controller, load cell, HX711 amplifier, relay, and the DC actuator allows a
user controlled, accurate dose depletion without the need for human intervention.

Admittedly, the system optimizes the ease of use, programmability, and cost; however, other
more rigid industrial uses, for instance, may involve enhancements in the system for better
error-detection, part quality, and system capacity. However, this work helps to provide a solid
base for developing the automated dispensing systems and can be further customized according
to some requirements in small and big businesses.
 8.2 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

This paper suggests additional features that can be incorporated into the existing design of an
Automatic Pulse Dispenser to optimize its operation and usability. Here are some suggested
future enhancements:

1. Printing Capability:
Add thermal printer module to produce receipts after a sale has been made. This can assist
users in terms of dispensing history making it easy to track and work progress to be accounted
for.

2. Billing System:
Establish a billing system that works on the premise of approximating the unit price of drug
from the physical quantity that is dispensed. This could demand a basic panel with just buttons
to enter the characteristics of the products, as well as with the functions for calculation and
payments by cash or credit card.

3. Mobile App Integration:

Create a smart phone application that will sync with the dispenser through wireless
connectivity. The dispenser allows users to manage it from a distance, regulate the portions, get
informed about usage and need to service.

4. User Authentication:
Establish a user access control mechanism, for instance, an RFID or a biometric mechanism,
which only allow specific personnel to access the computer. This can help curtail this vice and
also make sure that only those who are authorized to operate the dispenser do so.

5. Data Logging and Analytics:

Add data logging capabilities to track usage activities in the long run. Examining this data can
help to design the better supply, inventory and operational control systems.

6. Enhanced User Interface:

Enhance the user interactiveness by using an LCD Touchscreen which will be easier to use
than buttons. This can be graphical display of dosage andpossible options that a user can click
through.
REFERENCES
 Table of Contents

[Link]. Topic Page No.

Abstract Iv
List of Figures V
List of Tables Vi
Acronyms Vii
1. Introduction(Main Title) 1
1.1 (sub titles) 2
1.1.1(Sub-sub titles as applicable) .
1.1.2 .
1.2 .
1.3
1.4

2. Literature Survey -TAKE GUIDE’S SUGGESTION

2.1 (As applicable)
2.2
3. Proposed System (based on the project)
3.1 Block diagram- Description
3.2 Components used

4. Implementation/ Working or operation( DETAILED EXPLANATION OF

OPERATION AND LOGIC (FLOW CHART) IS EXPECTED)
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.2 Flow chart( For IoT/AURDINO based projects)
4.3

5. Results and Analysis ( DISCUSSION OF EXPECTED RESULTS any

deviations)
5.1
5.2

6. Applications ( WHERE THE PROJECT CAN BE USED)

7. Advantages, Drawbacks

8. Conclusions and Future Enhancements

References(MENTION ALL THE JOURNALS AND PAPERS USED

FOR THE PROJECT : in IEEE FORMAT)

Appendix- I (CAN INCLUDE THE DATA SHEETS OF THE

COMPONENTS USED EX. DIODE, LED… PROGRAM CODE)
 Note:

A. The contents should be organized in following way. The chapter titles need
not be the same as given and the contents of the project may be changed
depending on the title of project.

B. Arrangement of Chapters:
The format for arranging project matter in to chapters shall be as per the standard
procedure (Like Introduction, Literature Survey, ...., Conclusions and Future
Enhancements and appendix if any.

C. The arrangement of paragraph in a Chapter :

Each topic Title in a chapter should be properly numbered for example: 2.1, 2.2.
etc., (Bold and Upper case) where, the first digit represents the Chapter number,
and second digit, the topic Title number.
Sub-topic titles, if any, may be indicated as 1.1.1, 1.1.2, etc. (Bold and title case)
i.e. the first digit representing the chapter, the second representing the topic title
and the third representing the sub-topic title.

D. Photographs /Figures and Tables:

The photographs and tables occurring in a chapter may be serially numbered as
Fig:1.1, 1.2 etc., where the first digit represents the chapter, the second digit represents
figure number.
a. The photograph may be represented as: plate 1.1, 1.2 etc., the first digit
representing chapter and the second representing the photograph
number.

E. Graphs : The graph should clearly indicate the points which are used for drawing the
curve or curves.

F. Number of pages:
The suggested number of pages is 20-30.

Abstract Page

Abstract
Must be at least one full page about overview of the project.

Note:

Abstract Page should be given roman number iv and it is placed before contents page. After
abstract page continue contents with roman numbering only. Normal numbering should start
from Chapter 1 (i.e. Introduction).

Conclusions and Scope for Future enhancements page

Conclusions
Summary of the results for the modules implemented.
Scope for future enhancements
Details about the extension of the project work.

REFERENCES
(Alphabetical order of author names)

The references should have the following order

♦ List of Textbooks
♦ List of papers in Journals / Conferences
♦ List of Websites

The format of each is specified as follows

Textbooks
Author name, text book name, Edition, Publishers name, Year of publication.

(Example:
[Link], Power Electronics, Fifth Edition, PHI, 2005.)

Journal Paper / Conference Paper

Author name/ Title of paper, Journal name / Conference name, Vol. No., pp., month and Year
of publication.

Example:
Rajasekharan S and Vijayalakshmi Pai G., Applications of Neural Networks in Electrical
Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Vol. 3, pp.27 – 34, 2005.

….

APPENDIX

Appendix in separate Page

Explanation about the new terms used in the report