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Understanding Temperature Variations

The document discusses various aspects of temperature, including diurnal and annual temperature variations, energy gains and losses, and the effects of cloud cover and wind on temperature changes. It also explains different types of heat, such as latent and sensible heat, and describes temperature measurement instruments like maximum and minimum thermometers and thermographs. Additionally, it highlights the importance of instrument shelters in protecting temperature measurement devices from solar radiation.

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Muhammad Sanjidul Islam Tangil
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6 views12 pages

Understanding Temperature Variations

The document discusses various aspects of temperature, including diurnal and annual temperature variations, energy gains and losses, and the effects of cloud cover and wind on temperature changes. It also explains different types of heat, such as latent and sensible heat, and describes temperature measurement instruments like maximum and minimum thermometers and thermographs. Additionally, it highlights the importance of instrument shelters in protecting temperature measurement devices from solar radiation.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Sanjidul Islam Tangil
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Temperature

Daily and Annual Temperature


Diurnal Temperature
• The difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures
within 1 day

Annual Temperature
The difference between the hottest and coldest months, taking
monthly mean temperatures in each case
Daytime Heating and Nighttime Cooling

Diurnal Temperature Changes in Relation to Energy Gains/Losses. Surface temperature increases whenever the
energy gains exceed energy losses. (a) On clear days the availability of solar radiation in the middle of the day produces a
large surplus that persists into the afternoon, but at night the longwave radiation loss results in substantial cooling.
Latent Heat & Sensible Heat
• Latent and sensible heat are types of
energy released or absorbed in the
atmosphere.

• Latent heat is related to changes in


phase between liquids, gases, and solids.

• Sensible heat is related to changes in


temperature of a gas or object with no
change in phase.
Forced Convection
Daytime Heating and Nighttime Cooling: Effects of
Cloud Cover and Wind

(b) Overcast conditions suppress the diurnal change in temperature mainly by reducing the
incoming solar radiation gain during the day and by supplying more downward longwave
radiation from the atmosphere at night.
Annual Cycle
Measurement of Temperature

Maximum and Minimum Thermometers. (a) Maximum thermometers have a small constriction
that only allows the mercury to move outward from the bulb. (b) Minimum thermometers have a
sliding index indicating the lowest temperature since the instrument was last reset.
• Thermographs
Thermographs rely on bimetallic strips of different materials
bonded together. Because all metals have different rates of
expansion and contraction with temperature, one undergoes a
greater change in length than the other, causing the strip to bend.
An inked pointer and scale are attached to the bimetallic strip,
whose bending is amplified by a lever.
Resistance Thermometers
Instrument Shelters
• Temperature instruments must be
kept in shelters that protect them
from the absorption of solar
radiation.
• Note that the box is painted white
and has slats to allow the movement
of air.
Temperature Means and Ranges
• Daily Mean Temperature= average of the maximum and minimum
temperature for a day

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