Smart Home Network based on Cisco Equipment

Kateryna Kolbasova1, Bohdan Zhurakovskyi1, Vadym Poltorak1, Volodymyr Nakonechnyi2,

and Roman Kyrychok3
1 National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute,” 37 Peremogy ave., Kyiv,
03056, Ukraine
2 Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska str., Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
3 Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, 18/2 Bulvarno-Kudriavska str., Kyiv, 04053, Ukraine

Abstract
This paper develops and implements a smart home concept using sensors and actuators
that are connected to a gateway via Wi-Fi communication protocol. The 3G/4G client can
control the home remotely using an account on the IoT server. The project is simulated
using the Cisco Packet Tracer simulation tool. Networking and programming is a
powerful foundation for this research as it provides the interface between sensors
actuators and devices to be controlled. The proposed system can be applied in many
areas, including home security, lighting control, flame detection, intelligent heating,
motion sensor, door control, etc., to provide homeowner comfort, safety, energy
efficiency (low operating costs), and convenience at any time.

Keywords 1
Internet of Things, network, smart home, automation, Cisco Packet Tracer, wireless
connection.

1. Introduction The purpose of the study is to design a

network for an individual smart residential
A modern “smart house” is an advanced building using equipment from Cisco Systems.
automated living space. By this term, we
understand a system that not only reads data
from sensors but also transmits them. It is also
able to recognize specific situations occurring
in the room and react to them. One of the main
features of an intelligent building is the
unification of separate subsystems into one
controlled complex [1].
Mobile or fixed communication technologies
are used to control modern intelligent home
systems. The control center can be connected to Figure 1: Network topology for the
the Internet and cloud service, which are implementation of a “smart house”
provided by providers of equipment or services
for “smart homes.” This simplifies the use of the 2. Statement of Research Problem
software and interaction with the Smart Home 2.1. Selection of Network Equipment
system. All system parameters are managed
using a special application or a web interface,
In this case, standard equipment (hubs,
where you can turn on or off the devices and set
switches, routers, etc.) is enough to make a
their settings [2].
physical connection. Interconnection can also

CPITS-2023-II: Cybersecurity Providing in Information and Telecommunication Systems, October 26, 2023, Kyiv, Ukraine
EMAIL: kn.kolbasova152@[Link] (K. Kolbasova); zhurakovskybiyu@[Link] (B. Zhurakovskyi); [Link].2012@[Link]
(V. Poltorak); Nvc2006@[Link] (V. Nakonechnyi); [Link]@[Link] (R. Kyrychok)
ORCID: 0009-0007-2261-204X (K. Kolbasova); 0000-0003-3990-5205 (B. Zhurakovskyi); 0000-0001-9231-9411 (V. Poltorak); 0000-
0002-0247-5400 (V. Nakonechnyi); 0000-0002-9919-9691 (R. Kyrychok)
©️ 2023 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

CEUR Workshop Proceedings ([Link])

70
apply to remote networks. Then it is necessary send and receive information over telephone
to connect these networks using a telephone lines or coaxial cables [3].
connection (modem) [3]. When sending a signal, the device converts
(“modulates”) the digital data into an analog
signal and transmits it over the phone line.
Similarly, when an analog signal is received,
the modem converts it back (“demodulates”)
to a digital signal [5].
A cable modem is a common technology for
broadband connection to home networks [6].

Figure 2: A model of a telecommunications

network

2.1.1. Network Router

A router is a network device that connects

different computer networks by routing
packets from one network to another. The
Cisco 2811 was chosen for the model—a 1U Figure 3: Equipment is necessary for a smart
router with 2 10/100Mbps ports, 4 HWIC slots, home
and one slot NM, NME. Typically, this device
connects to two or more different networks. 2.1.4. Home Gateway
When a data packet arrives at a router port, it
reads the address information in the packet to The home gateway is used to assign IP
determine which port to send the packet to [4]. addresses to smart devices and to register
smart devices.
2.1.2. Network Switch This integrated Cisco router features a
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
It is a tool that connects devices on a local server [7], Network Address Translation
network. An Ethernet switch typically operates (NAT) and Network Address Port Translation
at the link layer of the OSI model (Layer 2). It (NAPT), and Stateful Packet Interfacing (SPI)
controls the flow of data in a network by [8]. These features provide a single high-speed
checking the destination MAC address of an public Internet connection and allow users to
incoming frame and forwarding the frame only share files and folders between devices on a
to the host for which the message was intended. home network by connecting multiple wireless
Each switch has a dynamic table (called a MAC devices in an active home to a wireless
address table) that maps MAC addresses to residential gateway.
ports. Using this information, the switch can Main features:
determine which system is sitting on which port • Compliant with DOCSIS 3.0, 2.0, 1.1, and
and where to send the received frame [3]. 1.0 standards for high performance and
CiscoCatalyst 2960-24TT is used in this reliability.
work. The switch has 24 Fast Ethernet ports • Four 10/100/1000BASE-T Ethernet
(10/100) and 2 Gigabit Ethernet ports ports for wired connectivity.
(10/100/1000). • High-performance broadband Internet
connection.
2.1.3. Network Modem • One USB 2.0 Type 2 connection.
• Dual-band 802.11ac simultaneous
The modem is defined as an abbreviation for Wireless Access Point (WAP) with eight
modulator-demodulator, a modem is a Service Set Identifiers (SSIDs), backward
hardware device that allows a computer to compatible with 802.11b/g/n [9].

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 • Including a push-button switch to 2.1.8. Access Control System
activate WPS for a simplified and highly
secure wireless network setup. RFID is an automatic identification technology
• Configurations with MoCA 2.0 are that uses radio waves to capture data from
available for home networks using tags. One of the main advantages of the RFID
existing coaxial cables. system is that the tag does not have to be in the
line of sight for the reader to read the data
2.1.5. Server stored in it, and several tags can be read
simultaneously [12, 13].
A server is a device or software that receives
requests received over the network and 2.2. Design Methodology
provides responses to them. A client is a device
that initiates a request and receives a response The network topology used to realize a smart
from the server. In the modern Internet, the home consists of four parts: a smart home, an
term “server” refers to a computer system that Internet cloud, an IoT server, and a 3G network
processes requests for web pages and sends [14–16].
relevant information to the client [10]. In the first part, we have a home network
In this project, three servers are needed: the with various IoT devices connected to a home
first for DNS, the second for IoT, and the last gateway (a home Wi-Fi router in the topology).
one for the 3G/4G provider [11]. The second part of the network is the
Internet Cloud (WAN), which is connected to
2.1.6. Cloud the home Wi-Fi router via a cable modem to
provide Internet connectivity for IoT devices
A cloud network or cloud-based network is [17].
when some or all of an organization’s network The third part is about the IoT (Internet of
resources are hosted in the cloud. This can be a Things) server, which registers all the devices
public cloud or a private cloud. This abstract connected to it to provide more IoT features
“cloud” of computers provides vast distributed [18].
storage and computing power that can be Then comes the last part of the “3G
accessed by any Internet-connected device Network” topology, the smartphone connects
with a web browser [3]. to a cell tower to connect to the Internet for
remote device access [19].
2.1.7. Cellular Tower

A cell tower is a tall tower equipped with

electronics along with an antenna that
transmits data to cell phones. Cell towers are
clustered in geographic locations where
population density is high and there is likely to
be a large number of cell phone users. This
helps avoid saturation of available capacity,
which can lead to busy signals and unhappy
customers. Cell phones are designed to be Figure 4: Equipment is necessary for a smart
aware of the nearest tower. This is displayed to home
the user in the form of signal strength, which
represents the strength of the connection
between the user’s location and the nearest
2.3. Network Configuration
tower that provides the service.
For this project, the 3G/4G client will be We need to configure configurations for all
connected to this cell tower; the tower itself devices to ensure proper communication
will be connected to the Internet through a between home devices and servers [20]. And
server. provide the customer with 3G/4G access to the
home.

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 IoT cloud (WAN) Configuring DHCP Server for Cellular and
To provide Internet access for all sections, a IOE Device:
cloud is required, which performs the
functions of cable forwarding, from the Coax8 ISP(config)#ipdhcp excluded-
port to the Ethernet6 port and from the Coax7 address [Link]
port to the Ethernet6 port. (Fig. 5) The WAN is [Link]
used to transmit data collected by smart SP(config)#ipdhcp pool cell
devices from the home to the IoT server for ISP(dhcp-config)#network
storage. Smart devices receive an IP address [Link] [Link]
from a home gateway through the cloud [21]. ISP(dhcp-config)#default-router
[Link]
ISP(dhcp-config)#dns-server
[Link]

ISP(config)#ipdhcp excluded-
address [Link]
[Link]
ISP(config)#ipdhcp pool ioe
ISP(dhcp-config)#network
[Link] [Link]
ISP(dhcp-config)#default-router
Figure 5: WAN Configuration tab [Link]
ISP(dhcp-config)#dns-server
An Internet Service Provider (ISP) router is [Link]
used to connect all network interfaces, and a
DHCP server is configured on it to dynamically DNS server
assign an IP address to each connected device, The DNS server is used to allow the user to
whether it is a “smart” device or not, to remotely access the Internet of Things server,
simulate a connection to the Internet [22]. not by IP address [23], but by using the domain
ISP router configuration is performed using name of the DNS server, i.e. “[Link]”, as shown
the Cisco Packet Tracer command-line in Fig. 6. It is important to configure the DNS
interface. Configuration consists of assigning a server with a static IP address as shown in
hostname and setting an IP address. Fig. 7.
Assigning a hostname and IP address to the
ISP router:
Router>
Router>enable
Router#conf terminal
Router(config)#hostname ISP
ISP(config)#intgigabitEthernet0/2
ISP(config-if)#ip address [Link]
[Link] ISP(config-if)#no
shutdown
Figure 6: Domain name configuration
ISP(config)#intgigabitEthernet0/0
ISP(config-if)#ip address
[Link] [Link]
ISP(config-if)#no shutdown
ISP(config)#intgigabitEthernet0/1
ISP(config-if)#ip address
[Link] [Link]

ISP(config-if)#no shutdown Figure 7: The IP address for the DNS server

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An IoT server is used to remotely connect IoT
devices to it to access it through a web
interface using a computer or smartphone. In
general, all smart objects registered on the IoT
server can be remotely controlled through a
web interface hosted on the IoT server [24].
The IoT server is configured with a static IP Figure 10: Cell tower configuration
address so that all smart devices can connect to A smartphone is used to remotely access the
it using the same IP address. Fig. 8 shows the smart object through a web interface using the
IP address configuration using Static. URL [Link] with an Internet connection
Devices can be accessed using a username [26].
and password already created on the IoT To connect the smartphone to the 3G cell
server, so when registering devices, you must tower, let’s set the correct APN (access point
specify the same username and password name) “cell” in the smartphone, as shown in
along with the IP address of the IoT server. Fig. 11.

Figure 8: The IP address for the IoT server Figure 11: Connecting a smartphone to a
The central office server is used to connect the cellular tower
cell tower to the router of the provider and vice The home gateway is used to assign IP
versa to transfer information between them. addresses to smart devices and to register
After configuring the DHCP server and DNS smart devices. The home gateway
server on the ISP router, the central office automatically obtains an IP address from the
server automatically receives all IP ISP router after establishing a connection to
information from the ISP [25], as shown in the cloud WAN. In addition, all smart objects
Fig. 9. connected to the home gateway automatically
obtain an IP address from the ISP router via the
cloud (WAN). A cable modem is used to
connect the home gateway to the cloud. Home
Gateway provides different programming
environments for devices: JavaScript, Python,
and Visual Basic.
The home gateway has four Ethernet ports
and a wireless access point with the SSID of the
home gateway. We can configure WEP/WPA—
PSK/WPA2 protocols to authenticate the
wireless connection [27].
Figure 9: Central Office Server To connect the devices to the home
Cell towers are used to provide cellular gateway, you need to select wireless as the
coverage for a homeowner to access and devices will be connected using a wireless
control a home appliance remotely. connection, and then specify the SSID of the
home gateway in the devices [28].

74
The home gateway has three interfaces: the Connecting devices to the Internet
Internet, a local network, and a wireless After entering “HomeGateway” in the SSID
interface (Fig. 12). field of the Wireless0 interface on the “Config”
tab, the interface is connected to the home
gateway (Fig. 14). The home gateway acts as a
DHCP server; thus, any device must have an IP
address in the range “[Link]” to
“[Link]” because “[Link]” is the
gateway address.

Figure 14: “Config” tab

Devices will automatically receive default
Figure 12: Internet, local network, and gateway and DNS server addresses. Finally, if
wireless interface any device is connected to the home gateway
and receives an IP address, it will be connected
to the Internet.
2.4. Configuring IoT Devices
Registration server
Wireless interface To register a device with a server, you need
By default, IoT devices in Cisco Packet Tracer the server address, username, and password.
have an Ethernet network adapter that needs a All devices must use the same IoT credentials
cable to connect to the home gateway, so you [31], the same credentials were also used by the
need to change the network adapter for all homeowner to authenticate when connecting
devices to allow them to connect via the through a browser to the IoT server [32].
wireless interface [29]. For this you need:
1. Open the extended list of device tabs
(Fig. 13).
2. Go to the “I/O Config” tab.
3. Any device can support two network
cards. For the network adapter, select
“PT-IOT-NM-1W” [30].

Figure 15: IoT server field on the Config tab

of the device
As mentioned earlier, this home can be
controlled in two ways: from a laptop at home
for local monitoring or from a 3G/4G
smartphone away from home [33].
Figure 13: IoT device I/O Config tab

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2.5. Interaction Between Devices The carbon monoxide control system in
the room
Doors: To control the security and lighting CO Alarm is used as an alarm and a sensor
system at the entrance using RFID, some at the same time, the alarm will turn on if the
conditions must be set on the IoT server. carbon monoxide in the room exceeds 20%.
The CO alarm in the package tracking system is
programmed to activate by default when it
detects a carbon monoxide level of 20%. To
automate this part, you need to set the
following conditions on the IoT server
conditions tab:
• The first condition is to open the window
and start the fan in the Low state when
the CO level is between 20% and 25%.
• When the CO level exceeds 25%, a
second condition is set to switch the fan
to high and keep the window open.
Figure 16: Security system and door lighting
• The third condition works when the CO
The system works according to the following level is below 2%; he closes the window
scenario [34]: and turns off the fan. If these conditions
• Card authorization: Іf ID = 1001 then are disabled, the window can be opened
RFID is available, otherwise not available. manually.
• Door opening: Іf RFID is available, the Self-watering in the garden
door is unlocked and opened, otherwise Sprinklers and a humidity controller are
it is locked. used for the automatic watering system
• Turning on the light: if the door is (Fig. 18).
opened, the light turns on.
Climate control
An air conditioner and a heater are used to
maintain a comfortable temperature in the
room. The temperature is controlled by the
thermostat (Fig. 17).
Figure 18: Self-watering in the garden
A lawn sprinkler raises the water level every
time it is turned on. The water level monitor
receives the water level in the environment
and prints it. To automate this part, you should
add some conditions on the IoT server:
• The first condition turn off the sprinklers
Figure 17: Climate control system if the level measured by the water level
monitor exceeds 55%.
Climate control scenario: • The second condition turn on the
• Cooling: Іf the thermostat registers a sprinklers if the water level drops less
temperature greater than or equal to 23 than 30%. Of course, the garden will not
degrees, the air conditioner is turned on. be watered all day, for this condition you
Otherwise disabled. can turn it off whenever you want. We
• Heating: Іf the thermostat registers a can do manual watering from the IoT
temperature less than or equal to 10 server account.
degrees, the heater is turned on.
Fire monitoring of the kitchen
Otherwise disabled.
A siren, sprinkler, and fire monitor are used
• At temperatures between the above, for fire alarm and watering (Fig. 19).
both devices are turned off.

76
Figure 19: Fire monitoring
The following conditions must be added:
• A condition to activate the sprinkler and
siren if the fire alarm detects a fire in the
kitchen.
• Condition for stopping the sprinkler and Figure 21: Device interaction scenarios on the
siren if there is no fire in the kitchen. IoT server conditions tab
Monitoring of exhaust gases in the garage
When starting the car in the garage, it is 2.6. Environmental Variables
necessary to control the content of exhaust
gases. A smoke detector is used for this. Variables are adjustable parameters to
(Fig. 20) represent real-life conditions, such as the
amount of sunlight, temperature, carbon
dioxide and monoxide concentrations in the
air, water levels, and more. Cisco Packet Tracer
has over fifty different variables that can be
adjusted accordingly based on a 24-hour time
range. Fig. 22 below shows the amount of
sunlight and smoke throughout the day.

Figure 20: Smoke monitoring in the garage

To automatically open the garage door, you Figure 22: An example of setting an
must add the following conditions: environment variable
• If the smoke detector detects a smoke Variables are needed to influence sensor
level greater than or equal to 0.17, then behavior in IoT simulations. Variables are
the gate in the garage opens. detected by the sensor and, as a result, actions
• If the smoke level is less than 0.05, the are triggered. Regulated variables also helped
door is closed. to quickly test IoT logic settings.
All scenarios are registered on the IoT The following variables were used in this
server conditions tab (Fig. 21). simulation:
• Carbon monoxide level to know the CO
level in the room so that the windows are
opened automatically. For this part, you

77
 can also use an old car to generate CO in then the window closes and the fan turns off.
the environment. So, this test is successfully verified.
• The ambient temperature level was used Automatic smoke monitoring in the
during a random time of day to activate garage
the room temperature sensor. Scenario 1: An old car is inserted and turned
• Water level used by garden water lever on (can be activated by ALT+click); thus
monitor to detect excess water level and increasing the smoke level. When the smoke
stop lawn sprinklers. level exceeds 0.17, the garage door opens.
Scenario 2: The gate will remain open until
2.7. IoT Device Automation Testing the machine is turned off and the smoke level
drops to 0.05, then the gate closes. So, this test
Door is successfully verified.
For this part, the security of the door is checked
using two cards (My Card) and (Not My Card). Automatic temperature control
Three scenarios were created, which are It consists of two systems: a room cooling
described below: system and a room heating system. Yes, it is
Scenario 1: An authorized card (My Card) is necessary to set the appropriate values for the
ambient temperature. For the air conditioner,
held close to the RFID reader to check what is
happening with the door. In this case, the door the temperature should be set between 23°C
and 30°C.
is unlocked to allow the person to enter the
Whereas for the oven, the temperature
house, and then the door is closed again. When
the door is opened, the light inside turns on. So, should be set in the range from 0°C to 10°C.
the first test is successful. Heating system
Scenario 2: In this case, an unauthorized First, the performance of the heater is
card (by an unknown person) is presented to tested if the temperature is below 10°C; thus,
the RFID reader to check what is happening to the time is adjusted around midnight. The
the door. The door is still locked. Thus, the temperature monitor is used to display the
second scenario is confirmed. current temperature.
Scenario 3: In this case, no card is near the When the temperature changes over time,
RFID reader. The RFID reader is in a “standby” we observe the operation of the heater.
state and the door will not unlock. So, the third • The heater is set to start when the
door test was successful. temperature is below 10°C and
Automatic CO monitoring continues to heat until the temperature
There are two ways to control the CO level reaches 11°C.
in the environment: by changing its values in • Second, the heater is tested after
the environment tab, like for sunlight, or by stopping heating and when the
using an old car (if it’s on, the CO level goes up). temperature drops below 10°C again, the
heater starts heating.
Indoor CO monitoring system:
Scenario 1: An old car is inserted and turned Cooling system
on (can be activated by ALT+click); thus Here, approximately the same test as with
increasing the CO level. The IoT server can the heater is repeated. It’s just that the time the
monitor the CO level. When the CO level is period changes to about noon:
above 20% but below 25%, the window opens • The air conditioner is set to start when
and the fan runs at low speed. the temperature exceeds 23°C and
Scenario 2: The window and fan are not continue to cool until the temperature
enough to remove all the CO from the room drops below 22°C.
because the CO level is still rising, so they will • When the air conditioner stops cooling,
stay on until the machine is turned off. If the CO it starts working again when the
level exceeds 25%, the fan starts to work faster. temperature exceeds 23°C. The
Scenario 2: The windows and fan will temperature rise test was successful.
remain on until the CO level drops below 2%,

78
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