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Validity and Truth in Logic

Validity refers to the relationship between premises and conclusions in an argument, while truth pertains to the accuracy of individual propositions. The document discusses the complexities of truth and validity in deductive logic, illustrating various combinations of true and false premises and conclusions in both valid and invalid arguments. It concludes that the truth or falsity of a conclusion does not solely determine the validity of an argument.

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3 views2 pages

Validity and Truth in Logic

Validity refers to the relationship between premises and conclusions in an argument, while truth pertains to the accuracy of individual propositions. The document discusses the complexities of truth and validity in deductive logic, illustrating various combinations of true and false premises and conclusions in both valid and invalid arguments. It concludes that the truth or falsity of a conclusion does not solely determine the validity of an argument.

Uploaded by

nthanhnhanbg123
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Validity Truth

- The observance of the laws and rules of - The accuracy with reality
logic
- Truth and falsity are attributes of
- Refers to the relation between its individual propositions or
propositions (the premises and the statements
conclusion) of that argument.
- The concept of truth cannot apply
 Can never apply to any single proposition to arguments.
by itself
- Validity and invalidity are
attributes of arguments.

 The relations between true (or false) propositions and valid (or invalid) arguments are critical and
complicated.
 Lie at the heart of deductive logic.
- There are many possible combinations of true and false premises and conclusions in both valid
and invalid arguments.
- Here follow seven illustrative arguments, each prefaced by the statement of the combination (of
truth and validity) that it represents.

Valid Arguments

True Conclusion False Conclusion

True Premises All mammals have heart.

All dolphins are mammals.

Therefore all dolphins have heart.

False Premises All fishes are mammals. All four-legged animal have no
feathers
All whales are fishes.
All ducks has 4 legs
Therefore all whales are mammals.
All ducks have no feathers
Ivalid Arguments

True Conclusion False Conclusion


If I had a job that paid very well, I If I owned the assets of all the
would be rich billionaires, I would be wealthy
True Premises I don't have a high salary I don't own all the billionaires' assets
Therefore I am not rich Therefore i'm not wealthy

False Premises All ducks have 4 legs All mammals can fly
All four-legged animals can swim All chickens can fly
All ducks can swim Therefore all chickens are mammals

 Hence it is clear that the truth or falsity of an argument’s conclusion does not by itself
determine the validity or invalidity of that argument.

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