Lesson 1: Characteristics Of Hottest

Earth That Are Necessary To  Blue And White

Support Life  Obafgk
Coolest
Galazy
 Red
 System Of Stars, Stella Remnants,  M
Gas, Dusk And Dark, Matter Bound
Together By Gravity. Seven Classes Of Stars
 Galaxy Support Life
 OBAFGKM
 Galactic Neighborhood
 Not Near An Active Gamma Ray
Source
Why Star Sustain Life?
Celestial Body
 Can Produce Liquid Water Come
 Loneliness Is Helpful To Sustain Life From The Radiation
 May Vary To Their You Luminosity
Ionizing
 Nuclear Radiation Composition
Gamma Rays 2 Composition Of Planet
 Formed By Supernova Gas Giant
 Most Energetic Form Of Light
 No Light No Surface Enough Mass
Supernova Gravity
 Phenomena Of Explosion In Space Terrestrial
Milk Way  Planet Close To Sun And Rocky
Planet
 Earths Galaxy
 Mercury Venus Mars
 Not Near To Active Gamma Ray
 Perfect Spot For Life

Nuclear Radiation Relative Mass

 Form Of Energy By Removing The 5.9722 X 10 Kg/ 5.515 Kg/M
Electron In The Atom & Molecules

Neighbor Low Mass = Lesser Gravity And Retention

 Andromeda Sombrero Penwell Cigar Reasons:

Galaxy

Near Milky Way  Mass Is High

 Galaxy Canis Major Dwarf,  Density Is High

Andromeda
 Large Enough For The Molten Core

Stars  Large Enough For Atmosphere

Classification  Large Enough For Liquid Outer Core
 Spectrum/ Spectral Class
 Luminosity - Total Amount Of Life And Metal Inner Core
That It's Emitted By The Star
 Enough For Tectonic Activity
  Liquid Outer Core In Metal Inner Core  Small Object Contains Humidity

 Responsible For Magnetic Field

Rotation

Magnetic Field
 Relatively Quick So The Day And

 Control The Pole To Protect From Night Are Not Too Long

Solar Wind
Sidereal Day 23 Hours

Solar Wind
 Time Taken By The Earth To Rotate
 Extreme Charge Of Particles On Its Own Axis So The Star Appear

On The Same Position

Atmosphere

Solar Day 24 Hours

 Layer Of Gasses

 Surrounding The Planet  Rotate On Its Axis With Respect To

The Sun
Vital Elements

 Nitrogen Lunar Day

 Oxygen  Moon Revolves Around The Earth

 Carbon Dioxide
First Organism Found On Earth
 Argon
 Cyanobacteria
 Hydrogen

2 Organism
Orbit
Heterotrophs
Debris

 Do Not Produce Own Food But Can

Meteors
Produce Other Food
 Solid Piece With Debris
Autotrophs
Asteroids
 Capable To Produce Own Foods
 A Small Rocky Object Orbiting The

Sun

Comets
  Determined By Physical Properties

 Physical Layer
Lesson: Spheres
 Structure Of The Earth's

Spheres  Lithosphere

 Rigid Layer Of Earth

Geosphere
 Composed By Tectonic Plate Divided
 Rocky Part Of The Earth
Into Pieces

2 Layers Of Geosphere
Asthenosphere

1. Compositional Layer
 Solid Plastic Layer/ Layer Of Solid
 Compose Of Chemical Components
Rocks

3 Layers  Upon Which The Tectonic Plate Move

Crust  Layer Of The Earth Below The

Lithosphere
 Thin And Solid

 Outermost Layer Mesosphere

 Oceanic And Continental  Lower Solid Layer Of The Mantle

Components  Outer Core Liquid Iron And Nickel

 Silicate Mineral  Inner Core Iron And Nickel Solid

Mantel Atmosphere

 Widest Section
 Layer Of Gases
 Silicate Rocky Shell
 21 Oxygen
 Slightly Denser Than Crust
 78% Nitrogen
 Massive Rocks
 Mixtures Of Gases That Surround The

Core Earth

 Hot This Layer Of The Earth Troposphere

 Iron And Nickel

 Where We Live
 Twice Denser Than Mantel
 Form In The Air 75% Of Air
2. Mechanical Layer
 Hydrosphere

Stratosphere  All Of Earth Water Is Part Of It

 Ozone Layer  75% Of Bodies Of Water Is The

 Protection Of The Earth From Ocean

Ultraviolet Radiation Evaporation- Liquid To Gas Phase

Mesosphere Condensation- Gas To Liquid

 Coolest Layer Of Atmosphere Precipitation - Absorb Water From Roots

 Where Meteor Burn Up Release From Clouds

Exosphere Transpiration- Through Plants

Outermost Layer /Extremely Thin Cryosphere- Become Solid And Frozen

Density Is Very Low /Gas Molecules Water

Thermosphere

 Northern Lights( Aurora Boreales)

 Uppermost Layer
Biosphere
 (Iss) International Space Station
 Contains Of All Living Organism On

Earth

Convection Process
Photosynthesis

 Energy Transfer Especially Heat Due

 Solar Energy To What Inherit
To The Movement Of Matter Such As
Formula Of Photosynthesis
Air

C6 O 2 + 6h2o Sunlight C6h12o6+ 6o2

 Lesson: Classification Of Phaneritic Rock

Rock In Rock Cycle  That Has Large Grain And The Rocks

Are Visible
Rock

 Rocks Compose Of Two Or More

Three Classes Of Rocks
Minerals
1. Sedimentary Rock
Rock Cycle
 Form Because Of The Deposition
 Rock Cycle Explain How The Process
And Cementation Of Minerals And
Or How The Rock Form
The Other Organism Or Particles

Sequence Of Events Involving The

3 Types Of Sedimentary Rock
Formation Of Rocks:
Clastic Sedimentary Rock
 Formation
 Form By Mechanical Weathering
 Alteration
Debris Of Rocks
 Destruction

 Reformation Chemical Sedimentary Rock

Rocks Classification:  Form Because Of Dissolve Rock

Precipitate On The Solution

 Shape

 Size Organic Sedimentary Rock

 Texture  Build Of Plants And Animal Debris

 Arrangement Of Minerals

2 Types Of Rock [Link] Rock

Apathetic Rock Metamorphism

 Compose Of Small Grain And  Change Because Of The

Crystals Are Fine Temperature And Pressure

  From Volcanic Activity Or Materials

Foliated Three Major Forces That Can Affect

The Process :
 Has Texture Layer Of Particles And

Pattern  Solar Energy

 Gravity
Non Foliated
 Radio Active Heating
 No Texture Layer Of Particles And
Weathering - Break Down Into Particles
Pattern

Transportation - Transfer To The Ground

Regulate Rock
Erosion - Transfer Of Rock To One Place
 Covered The Surface Of The Earth
To Another

Protolith
Lithification - Cementation Of Rock

 The Original Rock Or The Parent Particles

Rock

3. Igneous Rock

 Form Through Cooling Of Magma

And Lava

 Lava Chamber, Latin Words Iqnis

Means On Fire

3 Types Of Igneous Rock

Intrusive

 Solidification Of Magma

Extrusive

 Solidification On The Surface Of The

Earth

Pyroclastic
  Different Color Of The Mineral That

React To The Air And Water

Lesson: Minerals

Minerals
2. Luster
 Naturally Occurring Inorganic Solid
 Quality Of Light On The Surface Of
With A Definite Chemical
Mineral
Composition In A Crystalline
Type Of Luster
Structure

Metallic Luster

 Same Appearance With Polish Metals

Characteristic Of Minerals
Vitreous Cluster
1. Naturally Occurring
 Same With Shin Glass
 A Product Of Earth Natural Process
Resinous Luster
Or Geological Processes

2. Inorganic  Same With Shin Amber And Resin

 Product Of Earth Physical Processes

Dull Luster
3. Solid Substance
 Plain Color No Shiny Part
 Definite Volume In Tight Space
3. Streak
4. Definite Chemical Composition
 8Color Powder That Mineral Produce
 Arrangement Type And Ratio Of
4. Hardness
Atoms And Molecules Of Chemical
 Mohs Scale 1-10
Substance
 Resistance Of Mineral To Scratching
5. Orderly Crystaline Structure
Or Abbrevation
 Orderly And Repeating Pattern
5. Cleavage

 Tendency Of Mineral To Split Along

Properties Of Mineral Flat Surface

1. Color Type Of Cleavage

 Flat Sheet
  Cube

 Rectangle Cross Section

 Parallelogram

 Octahedron

 Rhombohedron

6. Fracture

 Pattern Which The Mineral Break

Aside From Its Plate Of Cleavage

7. Crystal Habit

 Overall Shape Or Growth Pattern

Atom- Building Block Of Minerals

Quarts- 1670 Celsius

One Element - Sulphur Gold Copper

Diamond

Precious Gems - Ruby Sapphire Diamond

Emerald

Solubility - Dissolve In Solution

Melting Point - Solid Turns To Liquid

  Phenomena That Cause The Plate To
Move

Lesson : Continental Drift Play Boundaries

Theory & Plate Tectonic A. Divergent
Theory & Seafloor Spreading  Play Moving Apart To Each Other
Theory 1. Sea Floor Spreading
Contenintal Drift Theory  New Oceanic Cross Is Created
Because Of Rises Of Magma
 Alfred Wegener 2. Magnetic Reversal
 (Pangea) One Single Super Continent  Earth Magnetic Pole Will Reverse
From North To South
3. Mid Ocean Ridges
3 Evidence Of Continental Drift  Mountain Form Green Oceanic Plate
Theory Continue To Separate
4. Rift Valley
1. Puzzle  Continental Place Will Pull Apart Will
 Continents Can Fit Together Like The Form A Rift Valley
Puzzle
2. Fossils B. Convergent Boundaries
 Similar Fossils Can Be Found On The  Plate Well Come Together, One Place
Other Continents May Bend Down Into A Deep Sea
3. Rock Types Floor Trench
 Mountains Appear On The Coastline, 1. Subduction
It Will Appear To Other Continent  2 Plate Goes Under 2 Plates
Across The Ocean 2. Volcanic Arc
 Form Above Subduction Zone
3. Deep Sea Trench
7 Major Continents  Hole In The Ocean Floor
4. Mountains Boundaries
 African Plate
 Plate Push Up And Form Mountains
 Antarctic Plates
 North American Plates
C. Transform Boundaries
 Eurasian Plates
 Play Pass One To Each Other Moving
 Pacific Plate
In Opposite Direction
 Indo Australian Plate
1. Earthquake
 South American Plate
 Making Ground To Move Along The
Fault Line
2. Tsunami
Play Tectonic Theory  Giant Wave Caused By Earthquake
 The Crust Is Broken Up Into Section Or Volcanic Eruption

Sea Floor Spreading Theory Primary Wave (P)

 Fastest
 Harry Hammond Hess
 Back/Fort
 Molten Materials Rises From Mantle
And Crust
Secondary Wave (S)
 Slower
 Down/Up
Convection Current
  Caused by successive heating and
cooling which causes expansion and
Surface Wave (L) contraction of the rocks
 Dangerous Wave Exfoliation
 Back/Fort, Down/Up  stripping the outer layer of rock due
to intensive heating
Lesson: Geologic
processes/phenomena Frost Weathering
 Alternate freezing of water inside the
1. Exogenic process (Originated joint of rock
Externally)
2. Endogenic process (Originate 3 Types Of Chemical Weathering
Beneath Earth) Oxidation
 oxygen reacts with the rock and
change its mineral composition
Exogenic Processes Carbonation
 formation of various type of
 a phenomena that is originate carbonate rocks
externally in the earth surface Hydration
 Weather  result of absorption of water on the
 Erosion rocks leading to change on its shape
 Deposition
 Denotation 3 Types Of Biological Processes
 Transportation  Plant
 Animal
 Human
2 Types Of Exogenic Processes
Lichens
1. Degradation  fungus that produce acid to break
 process of damaging biological downs the rock
diversity
Types of degradation
Mass Wasting
Weathering  down slope movement regulate in
 general term applied action of all the soil because of gravity
physical and chemical processes 3 Type Of Mass Wasting Processes
Mass Wasting  Fall
 down slope movement regulate in  Slide
soil because of gravity  Flow
Erosion
 disintegration into particles of soil Erosion
3 Types Of Weathering  disintegration of rocks into particle of
Physical Weathering soil
 whenever a rock broken up into
pieces without changes in its Types Of Erosion
chemical composition Wind Erosion
Chemical Weathering  carry bass quantity of fine soil
 weakening of rocks and formation of particle and sand away from the
new compounds region
Biological Weathering Sheet Erosion
 degradation of rocks caused by living  removal of thin layer of soil because
Organism of surface running water
Rill Erosion
3 Types Of Physical Weathering  removal of soil through action of
Block This Integration concentrated running water
Gully Erosion
  formation of drainage line tunnels or normal fault(dip slip fault)
channel  vertical movement of hanging
Soil Erosion football
 disintegration of rocks into the  move down along the fault
particles of the soil  caused by tensional stress
reverse fault( strike slip fault)
 hanging wall will move up
 caused by compressional stress

2. Aggradation tear fault(transform fault)

 accumulation deposition of material  push in opposite direction
by river stream or current  caused by shearing stress
 Block Mountains

Endogenic Process  Rift Valley

 all the process formed beneath the
earth caused the earth to shake volcanicity
 also known as igneous activities
3 Processes Of Volcanism
Endogenic  eruption of molten rocks on the
1. Folding Earth's surface
 when two forces push toward each Subduction
other from opposite side due to  Plate Tectonic boundary
compressional stress  two plates converge one plate will
3 Types of folding sink due to the gravity of the mantle
Compressional Stress
 occurs when two blocks of rock
moved towards and pushed against
one another
 cause by squeezing
Tensional Stress
 occurs when 2 rock move away from
one another
 caused by stretching
Shearing Stress
 side to side movement of rocks

Physical appearance of rock

Physical Folds
 Folds along rock strata
Result of the forces:
Physical folding
Antique Line
 arc like shape and has all these beds
on its bottom or core
Syncline
 fold with younger layer close to the
center of the structure
 result of the process

Faulting
 process of forming a fault
Fault
 break in the rock along which a
vertical and horizontal movement
has occurred

Type Of Faults:
Earth geologic history  any rock that is at the bottom is the
 it includes all the different plastic older and any rock that can be fined
beds OK and the processes and also at the top is the younger
the present events now because it is 2. the principle of
said that in the earth geologic superposition
history that impact that we have  in any undisturbed sequence layer of
today is the same thing a billion rocks the older layer is always at the
years ago bottom and the younger layer is at
the top
 Geologic history it is important to 3. the principle of cross
identify the age of the object the age cutting relationship
of the event even the age of the  It state that any rock or fault that cut
rock across other rocks the younger and it
 Those identification of the age that will cut across
will identify also the history of the 4. The principle of inclusion
earth  new formation of the rock, the older
 So it's history of the earth we have is also at the bottom in the younger
theories we have theory that state is at the top
that the present is the key to the
past Law of unconformity
 it states that the new layer form in
Uniformitarirism the region of separation and the
 Theory that state that the present is separation is because of the soil
the key to the past erosion eroded part that's why the
 the law or the natural processes that soil the rock strata will tilted
we have today is the same natural
processes that impact millionaire Types Of Unconformities
years ago so that is the principle 1. angular unconformity
behind the uniformitariarism  the older group of the lock layer has
been tilted/eroded
“NICHOLAS STENO” 2. Non conformity
The law of stratigraphy  a rock type are formed in separation
 it described the pattern in which the that younger on the top layer
rock layer are deposited 3. Disconformities
Relative Dating  erosion surface between sets of rock
 a process that we use to determine layer
whether the rock is older or younger
Sedimentary Rock
 are useful in giving information in
relative dating
 it is useful because the fossil are
deposited on the sedimentary rock
Why is it useful or the importance of
sedimentary rocks:
1. they are formed from
fragments of other types of rocks
2. new sedimentary rock layers
almost and always flat
3. fossils are deposited in the
sedimentary layers of the rock

Principles:
1. The Principle Of Original
Horizontally
 it is said that the sedimentary rock
are originally formed in the
horizontal layer