RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY – PRELIM – 2ND SEM

CHAPTER 1: RA NO. 1425 “RIZAL LAW" a collection of Rizal's literary works that contain the
patriotic philosophy excluding the two novels.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425 Due to apparently never-ending debate on the Rizal Bill,
approved amendments were formulated through ideas
Commonly known as the Rizal Law, authored by of three senators.
Senator Claro M. Recto, was signed by the President
Magsaysay on June 12, 1956. SENATOR LAUREL

It gave rise to the implementation of the Rizal course as other than Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, works
a requirement in all education. Courses in the tertiary written by Rizal and works written by others about Rizal
would be included and reading of the unexpurgated
Why is there a need for us to study the life, works, and revision of the two novels would no longer be
writings of Rizal? compulsory to elementary and secondary levels but
PARTICULARLY THE RIZAL LAW AIMS TO:
would be strictly observed to college level.
SENATOR LIM
to rededicate the lives of the youth to the ideals of
freedom and nationalism, for which our heroes lived and suggested the exemption to those students who feel that
died. reading Rizal's novels would negatively affect his or her
faith.
to pay tribute to Dr. Jose Rizal for devoting his life and
works in shaping the Filipino character. SENATOR PRIMICIAS

to gain an inspiring source of patriotism thru the study of promulgates the rules and regulations in getting an
Rizal's life, works and writings exemption only from reading the two novels through
written statement or affidavit and not from taking the
HISTORY OF THE RIZAL LAW Rizal Course.

Senate bill 438 known as Rizal Bill PROVISIONS OF THE RIZAL LAW
authored by Senator Claro M. Recto considered as one SECTION 1.
of the most controversial bills in the Philippines. is
Courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal,
Recto's original bill made it obligatory for college and particularly his novel Noli Me Tangere and El
university students to study the life and works of Jose Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula of all
Rizal. schools, colleges and universities, public or private.
BUT WHAT MADE IT CONTROVERSIAL?
SECTION 2.
What made it controversial is that the bill was not just It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges and
fiercely opposed by people from Legislative Branch but universities to keep in their libraries an adequate
also by the Catholic Church due to the inclusion of number of copies of the original and unexpurgated
compulsory reading of Rizal's novels in which according editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as
to them, catholic dogmas are humiliated. well as of Rizal's other works and biography.
The bill was opposed by three senators: Senator SECTION 3.
Francisco Rodrigo, Senator Mariano Cuenco Senator
Decoroso Rosales. and The Board of National Education shall cause the
translation of the Noli Me Tangere and Filibusterismo, as
well as other writings of Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog
The Catholic Church was indirectly included in the and the principal Philippine dialects; cause them to be
debates and played a major role for the intervention of printed in cheap, popular editions; and cause them to be
signing of the bill into a law. distributed, free of charge, to persons desiring to read
them.
The Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines
SECTION 4.
(CBCP) submitted a pastoral letter in which according to
the letter. Rizal violated Canon Law 1399 which forbids Nothing in this Act shall be construed as amendment or
or bans books that attack or ridicule the catholic doctrine repealing section nine hundred twenty-seven of the
and practices. Administrative Code, prohibiting the discussion of
RIZALIAN ANTHOLOGY
religious doctrines by public school teachers and other
person engaged in any public school.
RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY – PRELIM – 2ND SEM

SECTION 5. SELECTION AND PROCLAMATION OF NATIONAL

The sum of three hundred thousand pesos is hereby HEROES AND LAWS HONORING FILIPINO
authorized to be appropriated out of any fund not HISTORICAL FIGURES
otherwise appropriated in the National Treasury to carry
Executive Summary
out the purposes of this Act.
SECTION 6. No law, executive order or proclamation has been
enacted or issued officially proclaiming any Filipino
This Act shall take effect upon its approval. historical figure as a national hero. However, because of
their significant roles in the process of nation building
Approved: June 12, 1956 and contributions to history, there were laws enacted
By integrating Rizal in the curriculum, this would benefit and proclamations issued honoring these heroes
the Filipino Youth as well as the whole nation to acquire Even Jose Rizal, considered as the greatest among the
the following traits: Filipino berbes, was not explicitly proclaimed as a
 incorruptible national here. The position he now holds in Philippine
 direction history is a tribute to the continued veneration or
 determination acclamation of the people in recognition of his
 patriotism contribution to the significant social transformations that
 confidence took place in our country
 Courage Aside from Rizal, the only other hero given an implied
 Nationalism recognition as a national hero is Andres Bonifacio whose
day of birth on November 30 has been made a national
CRITERIA FOR CHOOSING A NATIONAL HERO
holiday
DR. OTLEY H. BAYER a. Jose Rizal
b. Andres Bonifacio
 The person must be a Filipino.
c. Emilio Aguinaldo
 The person is a peace-loving and pacifist.
d. Apolinario Mabini
 The person must have a great sense of
e. Marcelo H. del Pilar
patriotism.
f. Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat
 The person must die for country as a martyr.
g. Juan Luna
WHY RIZAL WAS CHOSEN AS A HERO? h. Melchora Aquino
i. Gabriela Silang
 He was the first Filipino to unite and awaken the Dr. Jose P. Rizal was chosen as the Greatest Philippine
Filipino people to peacefully rise for National Hero
independence.
 He is a model for being a peacemaker by his HERO
complete self-denial, his complete abandonment
A hero is a person admired for achievements and noble
of his personal interest and to think anly of his
qualities and a prominent or central personage taking an
country and people.
admirable action.
 He was a towering figure in the Propaganda
Campaign from 1882-1896.
HONORS ACCORDED TO RIZAL AS A HERO
 He was a martyr at Bagumbayan where he
willingly died for our country.
The day of his birth and day of his execution are fittingly
MARCH 28, 1993 commemorated by all classes of people

President Fidel V. Ramos issued Executive Order No.75 Streets, boulevard, educational institutions and persons
entitled "Creating the National Heroes Committee Under were named "Rizal"
the Office of the President".

The principal duty of the Committee is to study, evaluate

No other Filipino hero can surpass Rizal in the number
and personages/heroes recommend in due Filipino
of monuments erected in his honor
recognition national of their sterling character and
remarkable achievements for the country. His noble thoughts and teachings had been frequently
invoked and quoted by speakers
RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY – PRELIM – 2ND SEM

His name is a by-word in every home and his picture is The Governor-General, appointed by the Spanish
printed and used in postage stamps monarch, was the head of the Spanish colonial
government
The union of Manila and Morong to be a province was
named after him

The paper money/coins with his image have the widest He was the Vice Royal Patron - he could nominate
circulation priests for administration of the parishes

CHAPTER 2: THE PHILIPPINE CONDITION DURING He was the commander in chief of the colonial army
THE 19TH CENTURY AS RIZAL'S CONTEXT He was the president of the Royal Audiencia (the
Supreme Court in the Philippines during those times), he
SPAIN IN THE 19TH CENTURY had legislative powers

The 19th century was a turbulent century of politics in ACTOS ACORDADOS

Spanish history
Laws enacted by the Governor-General were called
It was a period of political instability owing to the actos acordados
frequent rise and fall of ministries and constitutions
POWER OF CUMPLASE
To save the country from political disunity, the Spanish
crown worked out the canovite system or rotativism - the The Governor-General had the power of cumplase - the
liberals and conservatives in Spain took turns in power to decide which law or royal decree should be
administering the affairs of the country implemented or disregarded

The political instability in Spain affected the Philippines GOVERNOR-GENERAL

adversely there were frequent changes in the top The Governor-General and other government officials
colonial administration in the Philippines. had so much power that it was commonly abused. To
investigate the abuses, there were bodies created:
ABANDONMENT OF MERCANTILISM
1. Residencia
Before the 19th century, European practiced 2. Visitador
3. Royal Audiencia
MERCANTILISM
4. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
the country's wealth and power can be measured in its 1. Diego de los Rios
stock of gold and silver.
Below the national government were the local
It also means that all trade should be conducted within a government units, namely: provinces; towns; cities and
certain country and its colonies. barrios.

By 18th and 19th centuries, there was a shift towards The provinces during the Spanish regime were called
laissez faire or free market trade countries and their alcaldias - each province was headed by an Alcalde
colonies began trading with one another Mayor or Provincial Governor, who exercised executive
and judicial functions.
Before, only the Spaniards benefitted from the Galleon
trade, with free trade, the growers and traders of The provincial government was the most corrupt unit in
Philippine products gained wealth local government then, because of indulto de commercio
a right given to Alcalde Mayor to engage in trading.
Middle class families were able to send their children to
acquire higher education. The alcaldias or provinces were divided into towns or
pueblos. Each pueblo was headed by a gobernadorcillo
The opening of Suez Canal in 1869 brought Europe or town mayor
closer to the Philippines and the enlightenment ideas
became more prevalent among middle class - became At first, he was elected by all married males.
known as the illustrados or the "enlightened ones"
In the 19th century, he was voted by 13 electors, chaired
THE PHILIPPINES DURING RIZAL’S TIME by the outgoing gobernadorcillo.

His principal responsibility was tax collection.

ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION
He was required to mortgage his properties to the
The Spanish colonial government in the Philippines ran
government at the beginning of his term of office.
indirectly through the viceroy of the Spain in Mexico
RIZAL’S LIFE AND WORKS
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY – PRELIM – 2ND SEM

Each town was divided into barrios or barangays. Each

barangay was headed by a cabeza de barangay

His main function was the maintenance of peace & order

and collection of taxes & tributes in the barangay.

The frior was the supervising representative of the

Spanish government for all local affairs.

His approval was necessary on almost all acts of the

local officials.

Eventually, the friars became more powerful and

influential that even civil authorities feared them this
situation was what Lopez Jaena termed as frailocracia

Their advice (friars) on the proper management of

governmental affairs was sought by every new
governor-general.

Another institution feared in the Philippines then was the

Guardia Civil -national police force of Spain