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Understanding Network Hardware Basics

The document outlines key components of network hardware, including Network Interface Cards (NICs) and MAC addresses, which are essential for device connectivity. It explains the types of IP addresses (static and dynamic) and their allocation, along with the distinction between public and private IP addresses. Additionally, it describes the function of routers in directing data packets to their intended destinations using IP addresses and routing tables.

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Xuân Anh Chu
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12 views2 pages

Understanding Network Hardware Basics

The document outlines key components of network hardware, including Network Interface Cards (NICs) and MAC addresses, which are essential for device connectivity. It explains the types of IP addresses (static and dynamic) and their allocation, along with the distinction between public and private IP addresses. Additionally, it describes the function of routers in directing data packets to their intended destinations using IP addresses and routing tables.

Uploaded by

Xuân Anh Chu
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Individual first

3.7 Network Hardware


NIC:
- Needed to allow a device to connect to a network ( such as the internet )
MAC:
- 48 bits shown as six groups of hexadecimal digits
- First six: manufacturer’s code
- Second half: device serial number
- These do not change and are constant for every device
2 types of MAC:
+ UAA
+ LAA
- The only diff is: UAA is made universally
It’s opposite to LAA
IP addresses:
- IP address allocation:
+ The network allocates IP addresses
+ 2 types of IP addresses: static & dynamic
- Static IP addresses:
+ Assigned manually to a device
+ Does not change over time
- Dynamic IP addresses:
+ Assigned automatically by a DHCP
+ Changes periodically

- Public IP:

+ Definition: An IP address assigned to your device/network that is accessible


over the Internet.
+ Usage: Used for communication between devices on different networks, like
accessing websites.

+ Example: [Link] (Google DNS).

+ Assigned By: Internet Service Provider (ISP).

- Private IP:

+ Definition: An IP address used within a private network, not directly


accessible from the Internet.

+ Usage: Used for internal communication in homes, schools, or offices (like


connecting your phone to Wi-Fi).

Routers:
- Sending data to a specific destination on a network:
+ A router examines the destination IP address of incoming data packets
+ It uses routing tables to determine the next hop or the next router on the path
to the destination
+ The router forwards the data packet to the appropriate next hop

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