IDENTIFICATION + Personal Identity - Determination of individuality of a person, + Types — 1. Complete or Total or Absolute Identification — Exact specification or absolute fixation of the individuality. Tl. Incomplete or Partial Identification — Ascertainment of only some facts of the individuality. © Data- Acquired Pecullarities - + Extemal peculiarities, Deformities, ‘wounds, fracture * Tattoo marks ‘Scars marks ‘+ Occupational marks ‘* Personal belongings and Clothes + Dactylography & Dermatoglyphies + Anthropometry + Congenital Peculiariies - = Birth marks | + Complexion © Handwetting + Features of eyes © Speech & vei, ee + Gait & Habit. oes * Mexia power, memory & * Cleft lip, cle palate + DNA profile + Supernumerary fingers, webbed fingers | + SEX Determination - \ + Physical / Morphological ~ Primary & Secondary Sexual characters + Anatomical ~ Examination of bones + Gonadal — Histological examination ‘+ Hormonal - Biochemical study of body secretion + Generic - Microscopie study of sex chromatins in cells (22 pairs Autosomes + | pair of Sex Chromosome) + Davidson Body - up to 6% of all Neutrophil cells. (Present only in females) + Barr Body - In Males ~ 0-4%, In Females ~ 20-80% in Buccal smear. + Psychological — Assessment of Masculine & Feminine behaviour + Intersex - Intermingling of characters of both sexes in varying degree in one individual, + Disorders of Sexual Development (DSD) - | = Gonadal Agenesis (Testes & Ovaries never gets developed, nuclear sex is chromatin negative.) Gonadal Dysgenesis - - Tumer’s syndrome - Anatomical structure ~ Female, Nuclear Sexing ~ Male (45 XO) ~Klinefelter’s syndrome - Anatomical structure ~ Male, Nuclear Sexing - Female (47 XXY) — True hermaphroditism (Person possesses internal & external gonads (sex organs) of both sexes) — Pseudo hermaphroditism - ~ Male Pseudo hermaphroditism - Sexual characters ~ Female, Nuclear Sexing ~ Male (XY) - Fomale Pscudo hermaphhroditismn - Sexual characters ~ Male, Nuclear Sexinig — Female (XX) Maharshra a Dr, Atul 6. Ginode (Ph.D), Associate Protessor & HOD, Dept. of Agadtantra, RT. Ayurved College, Ako‘+ AGE Determination - = Physical — + General Development + Secondary Sexual Characters — Voice, Pubic / Axillary Hairs, Menarche, Breast development, Beard & Moustaches + Senile Changes - Arcus Senalis, Graying of hairs & Baldness, Hairs in the auditory meatus, Loss of axillary hairs in the female, Wrinkles, BPH/BHP, Menopause, Secondary bony changes like Calcification. = Dental — + Before 25 vears of Age — *+ Germination of Teeth + Eruption & Development of Teeth - Temporary (Primary/ Deciduous / Milk / Baby) & Permanent (Secondary) including wisdom tooth & Completion of root cal + After 25 years of Age - + Falling of permanent teeth + Secondary Changes / Peculiarity + Estimation from other formula/methods - + Gustafson’s formula - (secondary) physiological age changes. + Boyde’s method (in dead infants — counting ineremental lines) + Stack’s method (Ht, and Wt. of erupting teeth) + Mile’s method (comparing amount of wear on permanent molars) + Point’s method + Lamtendil’s method (Gingival recession & root transparency) = Radiological - Skeletal Age calculation ~ OSSIFICATION (Growth it Individual bones) - Skiagrams cay) = Other —Birth records * DACTYLOGRAPHY - study of finger prints as a method of identification ‘+ Fingerprint Patterns ~ * Loop ~ about 65 % (The most common pattem is the ulna 0p) + Whort—sbout 25% + Arch ~about 67% + Composite / Compound ~ shout 23 % + Types of Fingerprints (Left at the erime scene) Pate Visible — ingested with blood, pat rie, st, Uy ink + Latent Hidden / Invisible / barely vistble — = Hard, Nonabsorbent~ Glass, Formica, Metalic article, Porcelain, et, Soft absorbent Paper, Wood, Fabri, ete * Plastic—Impression on sot surface like, soap, wax, clay, window pully, dust dt, mud, cheese, ete. * Katent Prints made by pre-puberty children + SCAR / CICATRICS - tis permaneat mark of fibrous issue covered by epithelium, produced from healing f a wound (by fibrosis and cicatrstion), caused ve injury tothe dermis + TATTOO MARKS .- Ths are ie special designs mae/imprinted onthe skin by causing multiple small pamceare wounds with needle tips (an cleric vibrator) dipped in coloring materials + OCCUPATIONAL MARKS - are characteristics which results fom adaptation to work and cepresent the efforts of a particular ‘occupation on a worker's skin, (Temporary and Permanent) OF... Gade PRD, Asoc Professor 00, Det of Agen, .T Arve alee Aol Mahrashira Be