MBA Department

(2023-2024)
A MINI PROJECT ON
BANKING INDUSTRY

SUBMITTED TO
Dr. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
LUCKNOW

In partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree master of business
Administration(MBA)
(KMBN252)

SUBMITTED To:-
Mr. Aditya Swaroop Shukla
[Link] [MBA DEPARTMENT]
SUBMITTED By:-
Akansha Gupta
MBA 1st year
ROLL NO:
2303610700004
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Project Work with the title Banking industry submitted by me for the
partial fulfilment of the degree of MBA Second-Semester, under the University of Abdul Kalam
Technical University. It is my original work and has not been submitted earlier to any other
University for the fulfilment of the requirement of any course of study.
However, extracts of any literature which has been used for this report has been duly
acknowledged providing detailed of such literature in the references. the information given above
and in the enclosed documents is true to the best of my knowledge and belief and nothing has
been concealed there in, I am well aware of the facts.

NAME: Akansha Gupta

MBA1st YEAR

DATE:…………………
 [Link] OF MORDEN TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE,New Dehli & Affiliated to AKTU,Lucknow)
NH-24,Bakshi ka talab,Sitapur Road,Lucknow-227202
Ph:9161888853,976008853,Website:[Link]

Date:……………………

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr/Miss AKANSHA GUPTA Roll No.2303610700004 Student of MBA
Second Semester (Session2023-2024) has successfully completed his/her Mini Project-1
(KMBN 252) titled “BANKING INDUSTRY”

The work is original and carried out under the guidance & supervision of project guide. We wish
him/her all the success and good luck for bright future.

HOD, MBA Project Guide

RRIMT [Link] Shukla
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to Mr. Aditya Swaroop Shukla Dpty.
HOD(MBA Department),who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project.
Who also helped me in completing my project.
I take the opportunity to thank THE R.R INSTITUTE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY for the
amazing year of my college life and being the best institution for publishing the degree of MBA.
I Came to know about so many new things. Secondly I would also like to thank my parents
and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame.
I Will always remember making this project work and the knowledge, I gained while doing so.
Concluding this with a heartiest thanks to my college and its faculty members for always being
there when the students needed it.

Akansha Gupta
MBA1styear

1
 Table of Contents

[Link] TITLE [Link]

1. Exclusive Summary 5
2. Introduction 6
3. Evaluation of the banking system in india 6
4. Meaning of banking 7
5. Necessity or importance of the study 7
6. Review of Literature 8
7. Research design used in study 9
8. The objective of the study 10
9. Early history of the indian banking sector 10
10. History of the banking in Indian 13
11. Indian banking system 16
12. Causes for Indians nationalization of 17
banks
13. Types of bank in india 19
14. Role of information 22
15. An overview of Indians banks 23
performance
16. Indicators of change 24
17. Possibilities for development and 25
challenges
18. Exposure to indian banks 25
19. Upcoming banking properties in india 26
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20. Risk 27
21. Why do the risk for banks matter 28
22. Types of risk bank faced 29
23. Non performing assets 32
24. Impact of NPA on banks portfolio 34
25. Risk mitigation 35
26. Challenges banks face while managing 36
risk
27. Conclusion 37
28. References 38
29. Appendices 39

3
 PROJECT REPORT

(Submitted for the Degree of MBA in under the University of Abdul Kalam Technical
University )

BANKING INDUSTRY

SUBMITTED BY

Akansha Gupta
Studying in RR Institution Of Modern Technology

SUPERVISED BY
Mr. Aditya shukla

Submitted of the year 2024

4
 EXCUSIVE SUMMURY

Finance and banking are the backbone of trade, industry, and business. Today, the financial
business fills in as the groundwork of contemporary business. Any country's capacity to foster
lies vigorously in its financial area. A financial institution that offers loans, deposits, and other
services is known as a bank.
It lends money to people who need it and takes deposits from people who want to save money.
Banking is one of the most fundamental aspects of life.
In today's fast-paced lifestyle, people may not be able to make the necessary changes if the
appropriate bank network is not established. Nationalized banks rule India's financial framework.
The exhibition of the financial area is more firmly connected to the economy than maybe that of
some other area.
The development of the Indian economy is assessed to fundamentally have dialed back. India's
banking sector performed poorly in FY12 due to the economic slowdown and global
developments, resulting in moderate business growth.
Banks have been forced to consolidate their operations, refocus, and work to improve their
balance sheets as a result. The researcher's goal in this case, in this case, gate the banking sector
and bank performance in India.
Also, the risks faced by faced by the banks and the way they can be mitigated are given below.

5
 Introduction

Evolution Of the Banking System In INDIA

Banks have benefited in numerous ways by implementing more recent technologies. E-banking
has fundamentally decreased costs and helped with producing pay in various ways.
As indicated by the latest information, the expense of a bank exchange while utilizing branch
banking is supposed to be between Rs.
70 and Rs. 75, in contrast to Rs. 15 and Rs. 16, Rs., when using an ATM 2 or less while utilizing
internet banking, and Rs. less than one when utilizing mobile banking.
Additionally, the number of customers has increased due to the ease of "Anywhere Banking."
Human errors have diminished because of digitization.

6
 Meaning of Bank
The performance of the banking industry is closely linked to the economy's health, perhaps more
so than any other industry. The Indian economy's growth is expected to significantly slow down,
according to estimates.
The banking sector's performance in India in FY12 was impacted by the global financial crisis
and other changes, which led to a slight increase in business. Banks have been forced to
reorganize, set new goals, and try to improve their balance sheets as a result.
In this case, the researcher wants to investigate the expansion of Indian banks and the country's
banking sector.
By law, banks are required to pay back deposits and borrowings as soon as they are due.
Since these sums have already been turned into assets, banks must always make sure that all of
the assets are releasable—that is, that they are liquid and that they can be fully recovered to cover
liabilities when they are needed.
Profit is the primary goal of lending money or investing money. A non-performing asset is one
in which the expected or accrued income from an asset ceases, with the possibility of not
recovering even the principal amount invested in the asset.

Necessity or Importance of the Study

People and moneylenders handled all financial transactions before the establishment of banks.
Loan fees were generally high around then. Again, there was no guarantee for public savings,
and loans were not uniform.
The newly established organized banking sector, which was established to address these issues,
was completely regulated by the government.
The organized banking industry is a sector of the financial system that lends loans, receives
deposits, and provides other services to its customers.
The bank's need and importance are shown by the accompanying tasks:

7
 To provide security to consumers' savings.
To deal with the progression of credit and cash Support quick and viable reserve funds
development to help public confidence in the activity of the monetary framework.
To stop a small number of individuals and organizations from holding all of the financial power.
To establish consistent standards and guidelines (such as repayment terms and interest rates)
for a wide range of customers.

The method used to conduct the study must be carefully considered because it has a direct impact
on the sufficiency, correctness, and dependability of the results.
It stands to reason that the researcher's research methodology should be specific when conducting
the study.
It tends to be seen as a science that concentrates on how logical examination is led. As a result,
the research methodology discusses the various research methods and the reasons behind each
one within the context of the study.
An exploration strategy is a cycle for purposefully inspecting and settling research issues. If a
researcher wants to label a study as good, he or she must explicitly state the research's
methodology.
Before claiming that his study is good, a researcher must explicitly disclose the methodology
used for the research in order more fore to determine whether or not the methodology was sound.

Review Of Literature
Artificial intelligence (AI), according to a study by Vijai, C. (2019), is a development that The
Indian financial industry makes use of artificial intelligence. The banking industry is becoming
one of the early users of Artificial Intelligence.
Banks are experimenting with and adopting technology in a variety of ways. Artificial
intelligence is becoming more and smarter by the day. In this article, we will cover how Artificial
Intelligence is applied in the Indian banking sector, the benefits, and the challenges that India's
Artificial Intelligence faces.
Artificial intelligence development and the various ways in which it might improve the operations
of the Indian banking industry.
(Manish Tanwar, 11-8-2011)

The paper focuses on the use of technology in the banking sector, which is a sign of great
evolution in the sector.
To compete with other companies, all banks use information technology as a strategic vehicle.
There is no noticeable difference in the rates of adoption of financial technologies by consumers
of different private banks.
The study also demonstrates how banking technology contributes to increased customer
happiness, customer loyalty, and improved bank growth and performance.
Analysed how Indian consumers view using technology for elements including comfort, and an
accurate record of transferred transactions that affect consumers' choice of banking y.

8
It is also examined for several problems, including slow transfer rates, professional
disappointment, fraud, and consumer ignorance that obstructs appropriation.
The results show that statistical factors like sex, age, aptitude, and income have a significant
impact on how well-received financial innovation is.
(Bhatt, April 2020)

The paper focused on the evolution of the banking sector and its Challenges. One of the traits of
a mature economy is an efficient, well-organized, and developed financial system.
A strong banking system boosts economic efficiency by mobilizing savings and channeling them
toward investments that will yield higher returns.
Three distinct periods may be identified in the development of the Indian banking industry, with
the first starting with the establishment of the nation's first bank, the "Bank of Hindustan," and
ending with the passing of the Banking Regulation Act of 1949.
The second phase of the Indian banking industry was defined by the nationalization of banks in
1969, and the third phase is referred to as the developments that followed.
The paper examines the current state of the economy's scheduled commercial banks by
identifying the biggest public sector and private sector banks by market capitalization, analyzing
the number of branches the largest public sector and private sector banks have, and examining
the ATM services the banks offer to their customers nationwide.
The current study then investigates the credit deposit ratio, non-performing assets, and their
impact on the profitability of public sector banks to determine the state of the Indian banking
sector.
Public sector banks had a credit deposit ratio of 69.83% in 2018–19 compared to a credit deposit
ratio of 88.26% for private sector banks, a significantly higher credit deposit ratio than the private
sector banks. (G.S. POPLI, JULY 2012)
(LAVANYA, February 2023)

This paper focuses on the center of trade, commerce, and industry in finance and banking. In
today's world, banking sectors are critical to a country's economy.
A bank offers services such as receiving deposits, lending loans, and other similar services.
Deposits are made by those who have more money to save, while loans are made available to
those in need of funds. Banking is one of the most vital and fundamental aspects of human life.
As a result, because it is related to the client's money, the banking system has some significant
tasks in the authentication and validation of customer accounts.
The purpose of this article is to present the evolution of India's banking system as well as the
benefits of the new banking system. (G.S. POPLI, JULY 2012)
This study focuses on the changes and shifts that are predicted in the Indian banking industry, as
well as the opportunities and difficulties that lie ahead, as well as the role of technological
innovation as a change agent in the next few years.
It makes a modest attempt to provide a concise review of significant banking developments. An
effort has been made to depict the many phases and changes experienced in the Indian Banking
System, as well as an outlook on the future.
Financial sector reforms have transformed the Indian banking system into a highly regulated and
organized one. Market trends, combined with liberalization and globalization, have resulted in a
far faster rate of transformation of banks, with technology acting as a catalyst.
PSUs, Private Banks, Regional Rural Banks, Foreign Banks, Cooperative Banks, and a variety
9
of other entities make up the Indian Financial System. Customers no longer have to wait in long
lines to conduct transactions at commercial banks in India.

Research Design Used in the Study

This study employs a descriptive research strategy to minimize bias and maximize data reliability.
A spellbinding report depends on earlier information about the subject, yet an examination study
has an extremely clear objective.
The researcher had to use facts and information that was already available through financial
statements from previous years and examine them to critically evaluate the available material.
Descriptive research is therefore the method of choice for conducting research.
The study was used to decide what kind of data should be gathered and how to do it. Secondary
Data is mainly used to avail data.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1. To study the Indian banking sector and the Evolution of the Indian banking industry
2. To study the evolution of Digitalization in the Indian Banking sector.
3. To know about the progress and scope of Digital Banking in India
4. To understand the evolution of the Indian banking industry through different phases
In its simplest form, a bank accepts deposits from people and businesses with the assurance that
the money can be withdrawn whenever the depositor desires (though sometimes with a penalty
for early withdrawal). The bank may also pay interest on the depositor's money depending on the
type of account.
5. The bank then extends loans to other people and companies using the money it has on deposit
in exchange for interest payments from the borrowers. The distinction between the lower interest
rate that banks pay depositors for the use of their funds and the higher interest rate that they
charge borrowers is where banks generate their profit.
6. To understand the risks faced by banks and how they mitigate those risks.

Early History of the Indian Banking Sector

HISTORY OF BANKING IN INDIA

During the Maurya dynasty, which lasted from 321 to 185 BC, ancient India used an instrument
known as an adesha, which is equivalent to the modern meaning of a bill of exchange.
It was a directive to a banker asking him to transfer the note's funds to a third party. During the
Buddhist era, these tools were used a lot.
Letters of credit were shared by businesspeople in big cities.

10
Trade guilds were like banks in that they took deposits and gave loans out. The bigger sanctuaries
worked as banks, while in the south, town networks gave advances to laborers to financial turn
of events. Like the Sethi, whose name in a real sense means "boss," there were various prepared
brokers and moneylenders.
The Advancement of Banking in India 70 contains data on the world’s historical underpinnings.
The Sanskrit word "rpya," which also means "formed," comes from the word "rupa," which
means silver.
stamped; imprinted; currency." In 1542, Sher Shah played an important role in the standardization
of the rupee.
The English traders who arrived in India in the 17th century were unable to effectively utilize the
native bankers because of their lack of language skills and lack of experience with European
trade.
As a direct consequence of this, the English Agency Houses in Bombay and Calcutta began to
manage banking transactions in addition to their commercial operations.
India saw the beginning of banking in the latter half of the 18th century. The General Bank of
India, established in 1786, and the Bank of Hindustan, established in 1790, were the initial two
banks; Both have ceased operations.
The oldest bank still in operation in India is the State Bank of India, which began as the Bank of
Calcutta in June 1806 and almost immediately changed its name to the Bank of Bengal.
The other two presidential banks, the Bank of Bombay and the Bank of Madras were established
by characters from the British East India Company. One of the three presidential banks was
located here.

11
The first Indian-owned bank was Allahabad Bank, which opened its doors in 1865. However, there
were scarcely any banks in India in the cutting-edge sense toward the finish of the eighteenth
hundred years. The Confederate States' stock of cotton to Lancashire was stopped by the American
Nationwide conflict.
Banks were made by advertisers to subsidize the exchange of Indian cotton. The vast majority of
the banks laid out in India during that time fizzled in light of their critical obligation to speculative
organizations.
As a result of their financial losses, depositors lost interest in banking. Up until the beginning of
the 20th century, banking in India was exclusively the domain of Europeans.
Foreign banks also began to emerge in the 1860s, particularly in Calcutta. In 1860, a Comptoir
d'Escompte de Paris branch was established in Calcutta, and in 1862, another one was established
in Bombay.
During the time, Pondicherry was a French province. Calcutta became India's busiest trading port
and a major financial center in large part because of trade with the British Empire.
The banking industry in India was plagued by a lack of competition, a low capital base,
inefficiency, and high intermediation costs before the implementation of economic reforms at the
beginning of the 1990s.
The financial business - overwhelmed by the public area - was dependent upon a serious level of
monetary constraint, portrayed by controlled loan fees and distributed credit. There were two
distinct phases to the commercial banking sector reforms in India.
The first phase of reforms primarily focused on strengthening and enabling measures. The second
period of changes put more prominent accentuation on underlying measures and improvement in
guidelines of divulgence and levels of straightforwardness to adjust India's norms to globally
accepted procedures.
The largest and oldest bank still in operation is the State Bank of India (SBI). It was laid out and
placed into activity as the Bank of Calcutta in June 1806. In 1809, it was known as the Bank of
Bengal.
The Bank of Bombay and the Bank of Madras, both laid out by official states in 1840 and 1843,
separately, were the other two banks. In 1921, the three banks were combined to form the
Imperial Bank of India.
Following India's independence in 1955, the bank changed its name to the State Bank of India.
The presidency banks and their predecessors had been operating as quasi-central banks for a
considerable amount of time before the establishment of the Reserve Bank of India in 1935 under
the Reserve Bank of India Act.
Around the turn of the 20th century, the Indian economy was going through a relatively stable
period. Little banks were established by Indians, most of which took care of specific ethnic and
strict gatherings.
International trade financing was the primary focus of the exchange banks, which were primarily
owned by Europeans. Indian joint stock banks missed the mark on development and experience to
contend with the administration and trade banks and were commonly undercapitalized.
Lord Curzon was able to see, "It appears that we are behind the times in terms of banking" with
this segmentation. Strong wooden bulkheads divide us into awkward sections like a vintage sailing
ship."
A few of the banks that were made around then have kept on working today, including Bank of
India, Company Bank, Indian Bank, Bank of Baroda, and Canara Bank.

12
 Indian Banking System

3 Phases of the Indian Banking System

This is a synopsis of the Indian financial framework's stages; Without a reliable and effective
financial system, India cannot have a robust economy. India's banking system ought to be ready to
handle any new issues brought on by technology and other internal and external factors, in addition
to being trouble-free.
The phases of the Indian banking system are summarized here:
India can't have serious areas of strength on the off chance that its monetary framework isn't solid
and proficient. India's banking system ought to be ready to handle any new issues brought on by
technology and other internal and external factors, in addition to being trouble-free.
The Indian financial area has a long history and an extensive rundown of striking achievements.
The most prominent element is its wide allure; It is no longer restricted to the cosmopolitan and
metropolitan areas of India. The Indian financial framework has spread over the whole country.
This is one of the main reasons why India is growing.
The government's consistent approach to Indian banks since 1969 has paid off in spades, with the
nationalization of 14 significant private Indian banks.
An account holder used to have to wait for hours at the bank counters for a draught or a withdrawal
of their own money.
They are as referenced underneath:
i. Indian banks' early years, from 1786 to 1969.
ii. Indian bank nationalization before the banking sector reforms in India in 1991.
iii. With the introduction of Indian financial and banking sector reforms in 1991, the Indian banking
system entered a new phase.

To provide a better illustration, the scenario is preceded by Phases I, II, and III.

Phase I: The General Bank of India was established in 1786. Bengal Endlessly Bank of Hindustan
was accompanying. The East India Company established Presidency Banks in 1806 under the
names Bank of Bengal, Bank of Bombay, and Bank of Madras.
In 1921, these three banks were combined, resulting in the establishment of the Imperial Bank of
India.
At first, these banks were possessed by confidential investors, principally Europeans.
The main bank established simply by Indians was Allahabad Bank, which was established in 1865.
Established in 1894, Punjab National Bank Ltd. has its main office in Lahore.
Between 1885 and 1913, the Bank of India, Central Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank,
Indian Bank, and Bank of Mysore were all established.
The Reserve Bank of India: An Overview Stage I development was very drowsy, and from 1913
and 1948, banks at times fizzled. There were about 1100 banks, the majority of which were little.
To standardize the operations and activities of commercial banks, the Government of India enacted
the Banking Companies Act, of 1949, which was later renamed the Banking Regulation Act, of
1949 as a result of an amended Act of 1965 (Act No. 23 of 1965).
The Reserve Bank of India has broad authority to regulate Indian banking as the Central Banking
Authority.

13
The public's confidence in banks is lower on specific days. After that, the mobilization of deposits
was uneven. The savings bank facility run by the postal service was much safer before it.
Additionally, cash was intensely given to merchants.

II. Phase: The Indian banking industry undergoes significant reforms following independence.
Royal Bank of India was nationalized in 1955 with critical financial administrations, particularly
in rustic and semi-metropolitan regions.
To go through with financial exchanges for the Association and State Legislatures across the whole
country, it laid out that the State Bank of India acts as the RBI's main specialist.
Seven State Bank of India subsidiaries were nationalized on July 19, 1959. In 1969, a significant
process of nationalization was carried out.
Mrs. Indira Gandhi, who was India's prime minister at the time, worked hard to get 14 important
commercial banks nationalized. The steps the Indian government has taken to to regulate banking
Institutions are listed below.

14
i. 1949: The Banking Regulation Act was enacted.
ii. 1955: Nationalization of State Bank of India.
iii. 1959: SBI subsidiaries being nationalized.
iv. 1961: Deposits were covered under insurance.
v. 1969: 14 major banks will be nationalized.
vi. 1971: Establishment of a credit guarantee company.

India saw a sharp rise in deposits and advances of 11,000 percent and an increase in public sector
bank branches of approximately 800 percent following the nationalization. Individuals had implied
confidence and huge trust in the reasonability of these associations since banking was led under
the unmistakable control of the public authority.

Phase III: As a feature of its change gauges, this stage extended the number of items and
administrations presented by the financial business. Under his presidency, a committee known as
M Narasimha was established in 1991 to work on the liberalization of banking procedures.
The nation is overrun with ATMs operated by foreign banks.
An effort is being made to provide customers with a satisfying experience. the introduction of
online and telephone banking. The entire procedure was made easier to use and faster. Time is
esteemed more exceptionally than cash.
The financial system in India has demonstrated remarkable resilience. It is safeguarded from any
emergencies welcomed by an outer macroeconomic shock, dissimilar to other East Asian countries
that encountered this.
There is still a variable exchange rate regime, the capital account is not entirely convertible, and
banks and their customers only have limited exposure to foreign currencies.

15
 Causes for India’s Nationalization of Banks
Let's examine the factors that led to the government's decision to nationalize banks to better
understand how it would affect the banking sector and the populace:

Revive Priority Sectors: Between 1947 and 1955, 361 banks failed, which equates to around 40
banks failing every year. Banks were failing rapidly. Clients' deposits were gone, and there was no
way of getting them back.
Banks favored big corporations and industries while ignoring the rural sector, which included the
agricultural sector. The promise to support the agriculture sector came along with nationalization.

Expansion of Branches: The nationalization process made it easier for new branches to open,
ensuring that banks are fully represented across the entire nation.

Mobilization of Savings: By granting more people access to banks and encouraging them to
save, nationalizing the banks would increase the amount of money flowing into a cash-strapped
economy.

Political and Economic Aspects: The two conflicts in 1962 and 1965 had a significant negative
impact on the economy. Increased deposits from nationalizing Indian banks would stimulate the
economy.

16
 Types of Banks in INDIA
As we wind down our discussion on the evolution of the Indian banking system, we should touch
upon the types of banks that exist in India today. Here are the major categories of banks that you
are likely to come across:

Banking in the public sector

A public sector bank's main ownership is held by the government. The State Bank of India is a
good example, with the Government of India owning 58.6% of its shares. We might also take into
account Punjab National Bank, in which the government owns a 58.87% interest.
State banks and the organizations they are affiliated with are further separated into public sector
banks and nationalized banks.
With nationalized banks, the government has total authority and controls all aspects of the
institution.
Yet, selling stock in these institutions is another option available to the government. The stakes for
the government are lowered when this occurs. Occasionally, the government gains control of one
or more of these banks, at which point the bank is listed on the Indian stock exchange.

Banks in the Private Sector

Banks in the private sector are owned by private organizations. They gained notoriety in the 1990s.
These banks offer public sector banks fierce competition because of the excellent quality services
they provide.

Indian Small Finance Banks

Basic banking services including deposits, loans, and bank transfers are offered by a few
specialized banks in India.
These are small finance banks that serve the unorganized sectors of the economy, small businesses,
and marginal farmers, which aren't served by traditional banks.
Ujjivan Financial Services Pvt Ltd in Bangalore and Equitas Holdings Pvt Ltd in Chennai are two
examples of these banks.

Indian Payment Banks

The RBI has developed a new concept called payment banks. Some banks are permitted to receive
deposits with restrictions but are not permitted to lend money or issue credit cards.
They provide both checking and savings accounts, and they can also dispense debit or ATM cards.
The Airtel Payments Bank, established by Bharti Airtel, is an illustration of a payment bank in
India.
Because they provide online payment solutions like mobile payment apps, such banks also have a
significant impact on the development of e-banking in India.

17
In addition to cooperative credit institutions, the Indian banking system includes 12 public sector
banks, 22 private sector banks, 46 foreign banks, 56 regional rural banks, 1485 urban cooperative
banks, and 96,000 rural cooperative banks.
There were 213,145 ATMs in India as of September 2021, with 47.5% of them located in rural and
semi-urban areas.
Bank assets increased in all industries in 2020–2022. In 2022, the total assets of the banking
industry (including both public and private sector banks) rose to US$ 2.49 trillion.
The combined assets of the public and private banking sectors were respectively $1,594.41 billion
and $925.05 billion in 2022.
Credit to non-food businesses was at Rs. 128.87 lakh crore ($1.58 trillion) as of November 4, 2022.
18
Bank credit grew at a CAGR of 0.62% from FY16 to FY22. Total credit extensions reached US$
1,532.31 billion as of FY22. Deposits increased at a CAGR of 10.92% from FY16 to FY22,
reaching US$ 2.12 trillion by FY22. As of November 4, 2022, bank deposits totaled Rs. 173.70
trillion (2.12 trillion USD).
Credit growth is anticipated to reach 10% in 2022–2023, which will be a double-digit growth in
eight years, according to India Ratings & Research (Ind-Ra). Bank credit totaled Rs. 129.26 lakh
crore ($1.585.09 billion) as of November 4, 2022. Credit to non-food businesses was at Rs. 128.87
lakh crore ($1.58 trillion) as of November 4, 2022.

Role of Information Technology in the Development of the Indian

Banking Sector

A few unfamiliar banks have moved to India because of progression and data innovation, growing
the financial area's admittance to new clients, inventive items, and compelling conveyance
techniques.
India's banking sector is extremely important to the economy's expansion. Innovation usage has
prompted expansions in effectiveness, efficiency, and entrance. It has assisted make with little
esteeming exchanges suitable as well as inflating cost viability. It also broadens options, opens up
new markets, and improves efficiency and output.
In India, monetary business sectors have been seen to have changed into purchasers' business
sectors.
Banks are becoming more and more like shopping malls with one stop. The focus is shifting from
mass banking to class banking as a result of the rise of personalized products.
It empowers banks to set up an impersonation branch in the entryway of a business working without
utilizing staff for human work.
The use of telebanking, ATMs, internet banking, mobile banking, and mobile banking has made it
possible for the branches to be open around the clock.
These mechanically progressed appropriation channels assist organizations with reaching the best
number of clients in the most potentially financially savvy and compelling way.
These new financial innovations are appealing because they benefit both the bank and the
customer. When technology is used well, growth multiplies.
The buzzword of the moment is "digital" across the board. Banking, like other industries, is moving
toward digitization worldwide.
All things considered, banks everywhere are putting a lot of money into digital projects to stay
ahead of the competition and give their customers the best service possible. The choice to digitize
is huge for the financial business.
By adopting digitization, financial institutions can provide better customer service. Clients are
obliged and time is saved thus.

19
E-banking has, without a doubt, cut costs and made money in a variety of ways. Business banks in
India have progressed towards advancement through bank motorization and mechanization with
the presentation of MICR-based check handling, electronic assets move, interoperability among
bank offices, and the utilization of ATM (Robotized Teller Machine) channels, which have been
considered whenever banking. The Reserve Bank of India is doing a good job of improving the
banks' payment and settlement systems. The way India spends its money has changed thanks to
advances made by the Indian government, banks, and technology companies.
The change is likewise a consequence of new client inclinations. According to the Shanlax
International Journal of Business, the current clientele is not comparable to what it was ten years
ago. In just a few short years, their preferences for goods and services have changed. There are two
types of buyers of digital goods: those brought into the world between the long periods of 1977
and 1994 who were viewed as critical trailblazers, presented to advancement since the beginning,
and impervious to most customary showcasing; and people born between the middle of the 1990s
and the middle of the 2000s who are accustomed to a media and online environment in which there
are virtually no restrictions on what they can do.
Utilizing a smartphone application is an intense and reassuring experience. Biometric
authentication is now required for actions like opening the screen on mobile phones, making them
more and more like homes in nature. As a result, it is essential to develop applications that are
associated with a company to keep customers. Businesses that don't take advantage of the
convenience and luxury of being able to view costs at any time and from anywhere, which are
increasingly made possible by banking and financial applications, will undoubtedly lose a lot of
customers who will consider the company to be out of business.
● Innovative Upgrades
A couple of years prior, cell phones were simply beginning to acquire prevalence. At present, the
guaranteed gadget's utility decides it generally. People who travel frequently for business prefer to
use Apple and Android tablets, consultants prefer to use high-quality cameras and digital notepads,
and 9-to-5 workers prefer powerful workstations and high-performance workspaces. The first step
is to identify your target audience; Knowing who might use which

20
gadget in what circumstances is equally important. Banking and financial institutions spend a lot
of money on this to create effective digital strategies.
Cybercrime: The majority of financial apps are particularly susceptible to cyberattacks. Given
that making money is the ultimate goal, the reasoning is clear. Fraudsters have gained notoriety for
being imaginative in their endeavors to siphon saves, whether as huge amounts in a solitary release
or little installments from various records over a sizable timeframe. There is always a chance that
information will be compromised, even if money is not directly involved.
Information technology advancements significantly aid the banking industry's expansion and
inclusion by fostering inclusive economic growth. By improving front- and back-end processes,
IT contributes to a reduction in the costs associated with client transactions. The banking sector in
India has seen significant technological advancements, including:
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, debit and credit cards were introduced for use in making
payments.

The introduction of Electronic Clearing Services (ECS) occurred toward the end of the 1990s.

The introduction of electronic fund transfer (EFT) occurred in the early 2000s.

The RTGS went live in March of 2004.

To take the place of Electronic Fund Transfer and Special Electronic Fund Transfer, the National
Electronic Financial Transfer (NEFT) was introduced in 2005 and 2006.

CTS in 2007

21
 Overview of Indian Banks’ Performance

India has seen a boom in fintech and microfinancing in recent years. Due to a five-fold growth in
digital disbursements, India's digital lending, which stood at US$ 75 billion in FY18, is predicted
to increase to US$ 1 trillion by FY23. From January 2017 to July 2022, the Indian fintech market
attracted $29 billion in capital across 2,084 deals, making up 14% of the world's funding and
placing second in terms of deal volume. India's fintech business is anticipated to grow to 6.2 trillion
rupees (US$ 83.48 billion) by 2025.
One of the main goals of the Indian state has been to expand banking outreach while also digitizing.
The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, one of the largest national programs in recent years,
increased access to several financial services for economically disadvantaged groups in society.
The program makes it possible for people without savings accounts to open an account without
having to have a certain minimum amount. The vast country's rural interior has been

22
receiving encouragement from the RBI to expand the banking sector's network. In India, about 75
percent of people had bank accounts as of 2020. The establishment of digital banking units (DBUs)
across the nation was suggested in the Union Budget for 2023. The adoption of Internet banking
in the country is anticipated to increase as a result of expanding digitization initiatives.
Banks in India as of May 2022, based on market capitalization (in billion Indian rupees

Indicators of Change
Retail banking is dealing with a problem that is even more complicated than it was before. The
COVID-19 pandemic has altered the socioeconomic environment, but customer demands and
expectations are still evolving. These are a couple of markers that the retail banking area needs to
change. Banks have relied on the guidance of the RBI to develop regulations and offer suggestions
for achieving a variety of objectives. India's commercial banks have made strides toward
technology with the introduction of MICR-based cheque processing, electronic funds transmission,
branch-to-branch connections, and the use of ATM (Automatic Teller Machine) Channel. As a
result, Anytime banking now offers convenience. The Save Bank of India has put forth huge
attempts to work on the Installment and Settlement frameworks in banks.
23
Customers: The escalating expectations of customers have resulted in a shift in the objectives of
the banks. It will be easiest for banks to increase their market share if they can provide seamless,
individualized customer experiences.
Neo banks and other forward-thinking players are testing the laid-out banks in the cutthroat market.
Customers will choose these other providers if their needs are met better.
Economic: The pandemic's troublesome financial headwinds will come down on retail banking
edges. Retail banks are being compelled to create and broaden their ongoing method of activity to
remember computerized stages and different opportunities for requests to accomplish productive
development.
Regulation: Retail banks should ponder how well they are set up to submit to rules intended to
increment contest, help weak clients, support flexibility, and help online protection.
To support profitable expansion and significantly reduce operating expenses through automated
procedures, banks will need to invest in technology. Possibilities for Development & Challenges
Faced by Indian Banks
Thess retail banking industry has a lot of potential in India, a developing nation. The number of
middle- to high-income Indian households is on the rise, and it is anticipated that this trend will
continue. Another factor is that younger people are more comfortable taking on personal debt than
older people, and they also have more purchasing power.
Together, these components ensure enormous growth, which is currently in the embryonic stage.
There are numerous opportunities for success in banking, but there are also numerous difficult
obstacles.
Maintaining and acquiring new customers is one of the most difficult tasks for banks.

Indian retail banking faces significant challenges in India due to rising debt levels.

The major FinTech patterns present two open doors and challenges.

Retail banking services and products must be offered through all direct and digital channels by
banks.

24
 Exposure of Indian Banks
India's banking sector has been facing a high level of non-performing assets (NPAs) in recent years,
which has had a significant impact on their portfolios. Indian banks have significant exposure to
various sectors of the economy, including agriculture, retail, and corporate sectors. The corporate
sector, which includes large industries and infrastructure projects, has been the primary source of
NPAs for Indian banks. Many of these loans were given during the economic boom, and the
underlying projects did not perform as expected, leading to a default on repayments.
As per the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) latest Financial Stability Report (FSR), the gross NPA
ratio of Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) in India stood at 7.5% as of September 2021. The
ratio has come down from the peak of 11.2% in March 2018. However, the COVID-19 pandemic
has led to an increase in stress in the banking sector. The RBI has projected that the NPA ratio may
rise to 9.8% by March 2022 under the baseline scenario, and in the severe stress scenario, it may
increase to 11.22%.
Upcoming Banking Properties in India

Simply put, the current model of banking cannot accommodate economic expansion as a whole.
The following are retail banking priorities that would bring India one step closer to full financial
inclusion. Banks must stand up to the uncertain landscape of the future.
Banks will organize themselves based on their customers rather than around their products or
channels in the new company model. Rather than promoting their items, they will be delicate to
the singular requests of every one of their clients and plan their contributions in like manner.
Social media will be the media
Web-based entertainment will be the principal divert utilized in retail banking in the future to
as0sociate with, include, teach, and grasp the way of behaving of the clients. It will likewise act as
a gathering for clients to research and differentiate the administrations presented by banks.

25
Client connections
The top speculation objective for the retail banking industry is improving client trust. Customers
expect their banks to be socially responsible. For banks, taking a leading role in the public debate
will be extremely beneficial. The public will be taught fundamental financial concepts, economics,
and the advantages of banking by banks.
Network safety
Since clients are turning out to be progressively stressed over information protection and security
as their own data and monetary lives move on the web, network safety is fundamental for keeping
up with long-haul client associations. Plans must be developed by banks by their operational
requirements, procedures for risk management, and legal requirements.
Outsourcing of business operations
Business operations outsourcing Several retail banking processes could be outsourced to save time
and money. Likewise, it will empower banks to focus on their essential business exercises. Banks
will put in more effort to market, build their brands, and serve customers.
The public area banks’ NPA in the year 2017-18 was 454473 crore rupees which anyway
decreased to 285123 crore rupees in the year 2018-19. During this time, the net NPA represented
4.8% of the net advances. Bank profitability was negatively impacted by the rising NPA of public
sector banks, which resulted in a loss of 81752 crores in 2018-19.
In 2017-18, the private sector banks' non-performing assets totaled 64380 crore rupees, rising to
49309 crore rupees in 2018-19. The review’s primary goal was to comprehend the
advancement of the Indian financial industry and its difficulties.
Supply chains and logistics were disrupted as the Covid-19 epidemic spread in waves. India's
monetary policy committee (MPC) decided to keep the policy repo rate the same so that growth
can be restored and sustained over the long term while inflation stays within the target range.

26
In addition, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) continued its concentrated efforts to meet the
industry's credit needs by:
Providing a term liquidity facility with various refinancing options to Indian banking institutions
(AIFIs) to pay for the facilities and services required for Covid-related medical treatment. There
are special long-term repo operations available.
Banking Reforms
The Indian banking sector has undergone reforms to improve banks' effectiveness, stability, and
efficiency. These reforms include:
Digital Rupee
National Asset Reconstruction Company Limited (NARCL)
National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development (NaBFID)

Even though some people now live lives in which brick-and-mortar bsanks are no longer
considered necessary or outdated, at least 75% of those polled in the McKinsey 2016 Retail
Banking Multi-Channel Survey still place a high value on the benefits that "in-person" interactions
can provide, particularly when looking for guidance regarding major purchases or complex
products. The point is clear: Banks run the risk of losing customers to competitors if they fail to
recognize the individual requirements of their customers and combine cutting-edge, effective
technology with the advantages of face-to-face interactions.

27
 Risk
There are risks associated with all investments. The degree of uncertainty and/or the possibility of
financial loss inherent in an investment decision is referred to as risk in finance. As a general rule,
as venture gambles rise, financial backers look for more significant yields to repay themselves for
facing such challenges.
Why do the risks for banks matter?
Because of the enormous size of certain banks, overexposure to hazards can cause bank
disappointment and affect a large number of individuals. Governments can better regulate banks
to encourage prudent management and decision-making by comprehending the risks they face.
The capacity of a bank to oversee risk likewise influences financial backers' choices. Regardless
of whether a bank can produce huge incomes, the absence of chance administration can bring down
benefits because of misfortunes on credit. Value investors are more likely to put their money into
a bank that can make money and doesn't have too much risk of losing money.

28
Types of Risks Banks Face
Credit Risk
Operational Risk
Market Risk
Liquidity Risk

Let us understand each of these in a detailed manner:

1. Credit Risk:

Credit risk is the greatest gamble for banks. It occurs when counterparties or borrowers fail to
fulfill their contractual obligations. A default on a loan's principal or interest payment is one
example. Defaults can happen on contracts, Mastercards, and fixed pay protections. Derivatives
and provided guarantees are two other areas where obligational contracts can be breached.
Due to the nature of their business model, banks cannot completely protect themselves from credit
risk, but they can reduce their exposure in several ways. Diversification helps banks reduce their
exposure because the deterioration of an industry or issuer is frequently unpredictably
unpredictable.
By doing this, banks are less likely to be overexposed to a category with significant losses during
a credit downturn. They can lend money to people who have good credit histories, deal with high-
quality counterparties, or have collateral to back up the loans to reduce their risk exposure.
2. Operational Risk:

The risk of losing money as a result of mistakes, interruptions, or damages caused by people,
systems, or procedures is known as operational risk. Simple business operations like retail banking
and asset management carry a lower operational risk than more

29
complex ones like sales and trading. Internal fraud and mistakes made during transactions are
examples of losses caused by human error. An example of this would be when a teller gives a
customer an extra $50 bill by accident.
It is possible to commit fraud on a much larger scale by breaking into a bank's cybersecurity. It
makes it possible for criminals to extort banks for additional funds while also stealing bank account
information and money from customers. Banks lose customers' trust and capital in this scenario.
The bank's reputation can be damaged, making it harder to get deposits or business in the future.
3. Market Risk:
The activities of a bank in capital markets account for the majority of market risk. Equity markets,
commodity prices, interest rates, and credit spreads are all subject to unpredictability. If banks are
heavily involved in capital market investments or sales and trading, they are more vulnerable.
Because a bank may have investments in companies that produce commodities, commodity prices
also play a role. The company's and investment's values fluctuate in tandem with the commodity's
value. Supply and demand shifts, which are frequently difficult to predict, are what drive
fluctuations in commodity prices. Therefore, diversification of investments is essential for
reducing market risk. Hedging their investments with other investments that are inversely related
is another method by which banks reduce their investment.
4. Liquidity Risk:

The ability of a bank to access cash to fulfill funding obligations is referred to as liquidity risk.
Commitments incorporate permitting clients to take out their stores. A snowball effect can occur
when customers do not receive their cash on time. On the off chance that bank delays giving money
to a couple of their client for a day, different

30
contributors might race to accept their stores as they lose trust in the bank. This makes it harder for
the bank to get money and causes a bank run.
Overreliance on short-term funding, a balance sheet dominated by illiquid assets, and customers'
loss of faith in the bank are all contributors to banks' liquidity issues. Asset-liability duration
mismanagement can also result in funding issues. When a bank has too many short-term
obligations and not enough short-term assets, this happens.
Momentary liabilities are client stores or transient ensured venture contracts (GICs) that the bank
needs to pay out to clients.
A bank may experience a mismatch in the duration of its assets and liabilities if all or most of its
assets are held in investments or loans with longer terms.
Regulations are in place to alleviate liquidity issues. They include requiring banks to hold sufficient
liquid assets to continue functioning even in the absence of external funding.

31
 Non-Performing Assets (NPA)
A nonperforming asset (NPA) refers to a classification for loans or advances that are in default or
arrears. Nonperforming assets (NPAs) are recorded on a bank's balance sheet after a prolonged
period of non-payment by the borrower. NPAs over some time may indicate to regulators that the
financial fitness of the bank is in jeopardy.
Impact of NPA on Bank’s Portfolio
The impact of NPAs on the portfolios of Indian banks has been severe. Banks have had to make
provisions for these NPAs, which has affected their profitability and capital adequacy ratios. The
provisions made by banks have also impacted their ability to lend. Banks have become cautious in
lending to sectors that have high NPA ratios, leading to a slowdown in credit growth in those
sectors.
Additionally, the high level of NPAs has led to an increase in the cost of funds for banks. Credit
rating agencies have downgraded the credit ratings of many banks due to their high exposure to
stressed sectors. This has led to a further increase in the cost of funds for these banks.
The high level of NPAs has also led to a decline in investor confidence in the banking sector. The
stock prices of many banks have been under pressure due to concerns about their asset quality.
In conclusion, the high level of NPAs in the Indian banking sector has had a significant impact on
their portfolios. The sector has been working to resolve the issue through various measures, such
as the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, but it remains a challenge. The resolution of NPAs will
be critical for the banking sector to regain investor confidence and support economic growth.

32
Let's now examine the non-performing assets of YES BANK, one of India's largest banks.
YES, Bank is India's fifth-biggest confidential area bank, with all-out resources under the
administration of ₹3.14 trillion and a market capitalization of ₹173.09 billion, starting around 30
September 2020. It is one of India's largest banks and has over 1,400 branches and 2,800 ATMs
across the country. Its headquarters are in Mumbai. Retail banking, corporate banking, investment
banking, wealth management, and insurance are just a few of the many financial services provided
by the bank. Additionally, it plays a significant role in India's NSE and BSE stock exchanges. Rana
Kapoor, the bank's founder and former CEO, established YES Bank in 2004.
As of March 2021, Yes Bank's non-performing assets total 97,500 crore rupees. This includes loans
that have been restructured for 19,000 crores, non-performing loans for 33,000 crores, and gross
NPAs for 45,500 crores. Corporate customers account for the vast majority of these NPAs,
followed by retail customers. The power sector has the highest NPAs, followed by the real estate
and infrastructure sectors.

The lender sustained improvements in NPA ratios during Q3. Prashant Kumar, MD & CEO said,
“During the quarter, the Bank successfully closed two deals which are strategic and
transformational in this new journey of the Bank. The bank's gross NPA dropped by 12.63% to
2.02% in Q3FY23 compared to 14.65% in Q3 of the previous fiscal. Also, gross NPA contracted
by 10.87% compared to 12.89% in September 2022 quarter
33
Effect of the non-performing asset on YES BANK portfolio
Non-performing assets (NPAs) can have a significant effect on a bank's portfolio. They can reduce
the value of the portfolio, as the bank is unable to recover the amount due from the loan. This in
turn reduces the overall profitability of the bank. It can also lead to an increase in bad debt
expenses, as the bank needs to provide for the losses associated with the NPAs. This can further
reduce the profitability of the bank. Moreover, NPAs can also result in an increase in credit losses
and a decrease in the overall capital adequacy ratio of the bank, which is a key indicator of financial
health.

Risk Mitigation
Risk management encompasses the identification, analysis, and response to risk factors that
form part of the life of a business. Effective risk management means attempting to control,
as much as possible, future outcomes by acting proactively rather than reactively. Therefore,
effective risk management offers the potential to reduce both the possibility of a risk
occurring and its potential impact.

How do banks deal with every one of the dangers they face? By having an unmistakable,
formalized risk the executives plan, which:
Improves performance
Reveals key dependencies
34
 Increases control effectiveness
It also makes it easier to identify systemic problems that affect the bank by using a root-cause
approach to identify risks. Banks create risk management programs like this.

Then, at that point, banks decide the dangers applicable to their associations and why those
occasions happen. Banks can also come up with risk mitigation plans to eliminate those risks and
stop them from coming back.
For instance, a bank can use progressed investigation and AI information to screen its tasks
naturally and ceaselessly.
The experiences from this continuous tech-empowered risk reconnaissance help the bank create
and adjust key gamble pointers (KRIs) to caution its gamble supervisory crews early enough of
any likely issues.
The automated surveillance alerts risk managers to activities that appear unusual or suspicious.
The bank can then guide its gamble supervisory crews to zero in on high-risk, high-esteem regions
as opposed to directing restricted, irregular, and time-serious reviews.
When putting a risk management strategy into action, banks specifically follow these steps:
Identification: Determine the source of the risk. Borrowers' credit risks, for instance, are primarily
brought on by lenders' erroneous assessments.
Evaluation and examination: To determine the likelihood of a risk and prioritize remediation
efforts, uniformly assess it.
Mitigation: Diminish risk openness, limit the probability of an occurrence, and persistently
address top worries to safeguard the bank.
Monitoring: Test, gather measurements, and remediate episodes to guarantee the controls are
powerful and address arising patterns to decide progress made on the risk the board drives.
Make connections: To recognize dependencies, identify systemic risks, and design centralized
controls, connect the dots between risks, business units, and mitigation strategies.
Reporting: To provide a dynamic view of the bank's risk profile and demonstrate the plan's
efficacy, generate reports about the program's progress. Challenges banks face while managing
Risk
Risk management is not without its challenges.

The way financial institutions deal with risks has changed as a result of new business models,
disruptive technologies, cultural shifts, and changes in regulations.
Risk supervisory groups in banks and monetary establishments should remain refreshed on the
most recent market improvements and administrative standpoints to be prepared for what's in store.
Additionally, they must deal with several major obstacles, including:

Expectations from customers: Today, customers use their mobile devices for a variety of
purposes, including banking. They want solutions that are as useful as their banks' online platforms
or branch operations, which leaves banks struggling with platform design and security risks.

New legal responsibilities: New guidelines or corrections to existing ones answer public
opinion, political disturbance, and different variables. If banks don't comply, they run the risk of
not complying.

35
 Online protection dangers: Malware, phishing, and other threats constantly target cybersecurity
in the banking and financial services industry, which is becoming increasingly dependent on
technology.

Fraud and theft of identities: These are hindering to bank activities, present security dangers
to banks and their clients, and influence the general client experience, in the end costing banks
more cash.

Tough opposition: Internet banks and tech companies entering the financial services industry
pose a growing threat to local and regional banks.

36
 Conclusion
The banking sector in India is currently fairly developed in terms of product offerings, scope, and
supply. In a non-industrial nation like India, where framework projects are popular, partnerships
should have the right mix of long-haul assets and chance cash flow to settle on the ideal harmony
between obligation and value. For the financial business to get capital, support development, and
keep a suitable capital sufficiency proportion to oversee risk, a sound homegrown capital market
is likewise fundamental. Additionally, bank investments are rising. The researcher's investigation
of the banking sector revealed that the persistent decline of the money market is presenting the
banking sector with several difficulties.
India's financial industry is at present genuinely evolved concerning supply, extension, and item
contributions. Their arrival in in-country India keeps on being an issue for the confidential area
and unfamiliar banks. In a developing nation like India, businesses must have the appropriate
combination of risk capital and long-term resources to determine the ideal debt-to-equity ratio. For
the financial business to get capital, support development, and keep a proper capital sufficiency
proportion to oversee risk, a sound homegrown capital market is likewise fundamental. Interests
in banks are additionally moving vertically. The researcher discovered, after researching the
banking industry, that the ongoing decline of the money market is causing the industry to face
more problems.

37
 References
Bhatt, V. (April 2020). A Study of The Evolution of the Indian Banking Industry and Its
Challenges.
Dr.C. Vijai. (2019). ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 7(5), 1581-1587 1581 RESEARCH
ARTICLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN INDIAN BANKING SECTOR: CHALLENGES
AND OPPORTUNITIES.
G.S. POPLI, C. V. (JULY 2012). New Face of Indian Banking Industry - Emerging Challenges &
Potential.
LAVANYA, N. J. (February 2023). EVOLUTION OF THE BANKING SYSTEM IN INDIA.
Manish Tanwar, B. T. (11-8-2011). Adoption of Banking Technology in Banks of India.
The paper examines the current state of the economy's scheduled commercial banks by identifying
the biggest public sector and private sector banks by market capitalization, a. t. (n.d.).
[Link]
[Link]
system/23493
[Link]
sector/47811/1
[Link]
[Link]
risks#:~:text=Banks%20develop%20risk%20management%20programs,prevent%20them%20fro
m%20re%2Demerging.
[Link]

38
Appendices Figure No. Details

1 Technology Developments in
Indian Banking Sector
2 Evolution of Banking
3 Segregation of Banks
4 An Overview of Indian Bank’s
Performance
5 Share of Indian Banks as of
Market Capitalization
6 YES Bank NPA Trend
7 Risk Management Process

39