Practical:2
Title: Preparation and pH Determination of a Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Solution
Objective: To prepare a 0.1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and determine its pH using a pH
meter.
Materials:
1. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pellets or flakes
2. Deionized or distilled water
3. A balance
4. A 250 mL beaker
5. A magnetic stirrer or stirring rod
6. A pH meter and pH buffer solutions (pH 4.0, 7.0, and 10.0)
7. Safety goggles, lab coat, and gloves
Procedure:
1. Safety Precautions:
Put on safety goggles, lab coat, and gloves to protect yourself from chemical
splashes.
Work in a well-ventilated area, preferably in a fume hood, as NaOH can release
harmful fumes.
2. Weigh the NaOH:
Using a balance, weigh out approximately 4 grams of NaOH pellets or flakes. Record
the exact mass.
3. Prepare the Solution:
Place a magnetic stir bar in a clean 250 mL beaker.
Add about 100 mL of deionized or distilled water to the beaker.
Carefully add the weighed NaOH to the water while stirring continuously. Be
cautious as this step can generate heat, and the solution may become hot.
Continue stirring until all the NaOH is completely dissolved. Ensure there are no
visible undissolved particles.
4. Dilute to Desired Volume:
Gradually add more deionized or distilled water to the beaker until you reach the
250 mL mark. Stir well to mix.
5. pH Determination:
Calibrate the pH meter using the pH 4.0, 7.0, and 10.0 buffer solutions according to
the manufacturer's instructions.
Rinse the pH electrode with deionized water and gently blot it with a clean paper
towel.
Immerse the pH electrode into the NaOH solution, ensuring that it doesn't touch the
bottom or sides of the beaker.
Allow the pH reading to stabilize. This may take a few seconds. Record the pH value.
6. Data Analysis:
Calculate the molarity of the NaOH solution based on the recorded pH value using
the known relationship between pH and hydroxide ion concentration ([OH-]). The pH
can be converted to [OH-] using the formula: [OH-] = 10^(-pH).
Note: The pH of a 0.1 M NaOH solution should be around 13. The actual value may vary depending
on the accuracy of the chemicals and equipment used.
Safety Considerations:
Sodium hydroxide is caustic and can cause severe burns. Handle it with care and wear
appropriate PPE.
Use a fume hood or work in a well-ventilated area when handling NaOH.
Dispose of solutions and chemicals properly according to your lab's waste disposal
guidelines.
This experiment allows students to practice preparing a solution with a specific concentration and
using a pH meter to determine the pH of a basic solution. It also reinforces safety practices in the
laboratory.