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Chapter4 Prob1

The document presents a step-by-step solution to a system of equations using the Gauss elimination method. It details the transformation of the equations into matrix form, the elimination process, and the back-substitution to find the values of x1, x2, and x3. The final solution to the equations is x1 = 2, x2 = 1, and x3 = 4.

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5 views2 pages

Chapter4 Prob1

The document presents a step-by-step solution to a system of equations using the Gauss elimination method. It details the transformation of the equations into matrix form, the elimination process, and the back-substitution to find the values of x1, x2, and x3. The final solution to the equations is x1 = 2, x2 = 1, and x3 = 4.

Uploaded by

skibidipapap
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1

4.1 Solve the following system of equations using the Gauss elimination method:
2x 1 + x 2 – x 3 = 1
x 1 + 2x 2 + x 3 = 8
–x1 + x2 – x3 = –5

Solution
Step 1: Write the system of equations in matrix form:

2 1 –1 x1 1
1 2 1 x2 = 8
–1 1 –1 x3 –5
a 21 1
Using the first element of the matrix as a pivot, a 11 = 2 and m 21 = ------
- = --- = 0.5 .
a 11 2
Step 2: Multiply the first row by m 21 = 0.5 , subtract the result from the second row, and replace the sec-
ond row with the final result:

2 1 –1 x1 1
0 1.5 1.5 x 2 = 7.5
–1 1 –1 x3 –5
a' 31 –1
Step 3: Next, multiply the first row by m 31 = -------
- = ------ = – 0.5 , subtract the result from the third row,
a' 11 2
and replace the third row with the final result:

2 1 –1 x1 1
0 1.5 1.5 x 2 = 7.5
0 1.5 – 1.5 x 3 – 4.5
a' 32
- = 1.5
Step 4: Use the element a' 22 as the pivot. Multiply the second row by m 32 = ------- ------- = 1 , subtract
a' 22 1.5
the result from the third row, and replace the third row with the final result:

2 1 –1 x1 1
x
0 1.5 1.5 2 = 7.5
0 0 –3 x3 – 12
Step 4: The matrix is in upper triangular form, apply back-substitution:

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for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook
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2

– 12
x 3 = --------- = 4
–3
7.5 – 6
1.5x 2 + 1.5 ⋅ 4 = 7.5  x 2 = ---------------- = 1
1.5

1+4–1
2x 1 + 1 ⋅ 1 – ( 1 ⋅ 4 ) = 1  x 1 = --------------------- = 2
2

Thus, the solution to the given set of simultaneous equations is x 1 x 2 x 3 = 2 1 4 .

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis
for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook
has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by
Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the
copyright owner is unlawful.

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