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Atomic Structure Project Guide

The document provides notes on atomic structure, detailing the behavior of electrons, protons, and neutrons in relation to electric charges. It explains the concepts of proton number, nucleon number, and isotopes, along with examples for calculating neutrons and electrons in various atoms. Additionally, it includes exercises for writing isotopic symbols and determining the number of electrons in specific ions.

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Saqib Hussain
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8 views2 pages

Atomic Structure Project Guide

The document provides notes on atomic structure, detailing the behavior of electrons, protons, and neutrons in relation to electric charges. It explains the concepts of proton number, nucleon number, and isotopes, along with examples for calculating neutrons and electrons in various atoms. Additionally, it includes exercises for writing isotopic symbols and determining the number of electrons in specific ions.

Uploaded by

Saqib Hussain
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

AS CHEMISTRY NOTES

Atomic Structure
1. A beam of electron is passing close to a highly negatively charged plate. When the electrons pass close to the
plate, they are deflected (bent away from the plate)
a. What deflections would you expect, if any when the experiment is repeated with the beam of
i. Protons
ii. Neutrons
b. Which subatomic particle would deviate the most?

Comparing Electron Protons Neutrons

Sub-atomic Particle Symbol Relative Mass Relative Charge


Electron e 1/1836 -1
Neutron n 1 0
Proton p 1 +1

Proton number and nucleon number


The no of protons in the nucleus of an atom is called Proton number (Z). It is also called Atomic number. Every atom of
the same element will have same proton number. It is the proton number which makes the atom what it is.

The number of proton and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom, added together is the Nucleon number (A).

Remember number of electrons in an atom in its ground state (have no charge) is equal to its Proton number.

Nucleon number (A) = number of proton (Z) + number of neutrons

Number of neutrons = A – Z

For example an atom of Aluminum has a nucleon number of 27 and a proton number of 13. So an aluminum atoms has
27 – 13 = 14 neutrons.

2. Use the information in the table to deduce the number of electrons and neutrons in a neutral atom of
a. Vanadium
b. Strontium
c. Phosphorus

Atom Nucleon Number Proton Number


Vanadium 51 23
Strontium 84 38
Phosphorus 31 15

Isotopes
All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.

Prepared By Saqib Hussain For Head Start School Page 1


AS CHEMISTRY NOTES

However, they may have different numbers of neutrons. Atoms of the same elements which have differing number of
neutrons are called Isotopes.

3. Use the periodic table to help you


a. Write isotopic symbols for the following neutral atoms
i. Bromine-81
ii. Calcium-44
iii. Iron-58 Palladium-110
b. What are the number of protons and neutrons in each of these atoms

4. Deduce the number of electrons in each of these ions


a. 4019K+
b. 157N3-
c. 188O2-
d. 7131Ga3+

Prepared By Saqib Hussain For Head Start School Page 2

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