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Perpendicular Vectors and Area Calculation

The document contains 5 problems involving vectors and geometry: 1. Finding a perpendicular vector from a cross product and calculating an area using vectors. 2. Finding conditions for two vectors to be perpendicular and determining coordinates. 3. Taking dot and cross products of vectors. 4. Finding conditions for two vectors to be perpendicular and solving for a parameter. 5. Showing that if the lengths of diagonals of a parallelogram are equal, then it is a rectangle.

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12 views4 pages

Perpendicular Vectors and Area Calculation

The document contains 5 problems involving vectors and geometry: 1. Finding a perpendicular vector from a cross product and calculating an area using vectors. 2. Finding conditions for two vectors to be perpendicular and determining coordinates. 3. Taking dot and cross products of vectors. 4. Finding conditions for two vectors to be perpendicular and solving for a parameter. 5. Showing that if the lengths of diagonals of a parallelogram are equal, then it is a rectangle.

Uploaded by

api-108235015
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

(a)

A perpendicular vector can be found from the vector product i j k OP OQ = 1 3 2 = i 3 j 5k 2 (C2) 1 1 (M1)(A1)

(b)

1 OP OQ Area OPQ = 2 sin ,


where is the angle between OP and OQ 1 OP OQ = 2 =
35 2

(M1)

(A1)

(C2)
[4]

2.

(a)

Since the coordinates of the points P, Q and R are (4, 1, 1), (3, 3, 5) and (1, 0, 2c), respectively, the vectors QR and PR are given by QR = 2i 3 j + (2c 5) k PR = 3i j + (2c + 1) k
QR is perpendicular to PR if and only if QR PR = 0 ie 6 + 3 + (2c 5)(2c +1) = 0

(M1)(A1) (M1)(A1)

(M1) (M1) 7

4c 8c + 4 = 0 2 (c 1) = 0 c = 1 (A1)
PR = 3i j + 3k , PS = 3i + 3k i j k

(b)

(M1)(M1)

PS PR = 3
= 3i + 3k

3 (M1) 4

3 1 3 (A1)

(c)

The parametric equation of a line l which passes through the point (3, 3, 5) and is parallel to the vector PR is given by r = (3i + 3 j + 5k ) + t ( 3i j + 3k ) 3(1 t )i + (3 t ) j + (5 + 3t )k ( < t < ) = 3 Note: If < t < is not mentioned, do not penalise. Also note that some candidates may give the parametric equation of the line in the form x = 3(1 t), y = 3 t, z = (5 + 3t), < t < .

(M1)(M1) (A1)

(d)

Let P1 and P2 be points on the line l corresponding to t = 0 and t = 1, respectively. r = xi + yj + zk , Hence, for x = 3(1 t), y = (3 t) and z = 5 + 3t. Putting t = 0 and t = 1, we get the coordinates of points P1 and P2 as (3, 3, 5) and (0, 2, 8), respectively. Vectors SP1 , and SP2 are given by SP1 = 2i + 2 j + 3k and SP2 = i + j + 6k . i j k A vector perpendicular to both SP1 and SP2 is = 9i 15 j + 4k

(M1)

SP1 SP2 = 2 2 1 1

3 6

(M1) (A1)

Let T(x, y, z) be any point of the plane . Since S = (1, 1, 2), ST = ( x 1) i + ( y 1) j + ( z 2)k is a vector in . Hence TS n = 0 ie 9(x 1) 15(y 1) + 4(z 2) = 0 9x 15y + 4z 2 = 0 OR
QS = (1 3)i + (1 3) j + (2 5)k

(A1)

(M1)

The equation of the plane containing the line l and passing through the point S is determined by l and the vector SQ . Hence, the equation is: 3 3 2 r = 3 + 1 + 2 5 3 3 4

(M1) (A1)

(e)

Shortest distance 15 =

PQ n = n

1 9 2 . 15 6 4 322 (M1)(M1)

322

(M1)(A1)

OR The distance of P from is: 9(4) 15(1) + 4(1) 2 9 2 + 15 2 + 4 2 (M1)(A1) 4


[22]

15
=

322

(M1)(A1) Note: Accept 0.836 (3 sf)

3.

METHOD 1

ab= = i(4 + 2) + j(3 2) + k(2 + 6) = 6i + j + 8k (6i + j + 8k) (2i 3j + 4k) = 41 METHOD 2

i j k 1 2 1 3 2 2

(M1)(A1) (M1) (A1) (M1)(A1) (C6)

(a b) c = = 1(8 + 6) 2(12 4) 1(9 4) = 14 + 32 5 = 41

1 2 1 3 2 2 2 3 4

(M1)(A1) (A1)(A1)(A1) (A1) (C6)


[6]

4.

(a)

a b=

i j k 2 1 0 1 p 6 A1

(M1)(A1) N3

= 6i 12j + (2p + 1)k (b) METHOD 1

a b parallel to c 6 2 12 = k 4 2 p + 1 3 k=3 METHOD 2 b perpendicular to c 1 2 p 4 = 0 6 3 2 4p + 18 = 0 p=4 N2

M1 (A1) A1

M1 (A1) p = 4 A1 N2
[6]

5.

METHOD 1 Let a + b and a b be diagonals of a parallelogram ABCD with sides AB and AD equal to a and b respectively. B a a b a + b C (M1)

D (M1)(A1) (R1)(A1) (C6)

If + b= bthen the diagonals AC and BD are equal in length. a a . Therefore ABCD is a rectangle and a b = 0. METHOD 2 + b= b a a 2 2 => + b = b a a . (a + b) = (a b) . (a b) => (a + b) 2 2 2 2 => + 2a . b + = 2a . b + a b a b => 4a . b = 0 => a . b = 0

(M1) (M1)(A1) (A1) (A1) (A1) (C6)


[6]

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