NAME:

GRADE/SECTION:

10
MATHEMATICS
Quarter III – Week 5
Probability of a Union of
Two Events

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY
Mathematics – Grade 10
Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS)
Quarter III - Week 5: Probability of a Union of Two Events First Edition, 2020

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 Lesson 1
Probability of a Union of Two
Events
MELC: Illustrates the probability of a union of two events. (M10SP-IIIg-1)

Objectives: 1. Recall the probability of simple events.

2. Define union of events.
3. Determine the probability of a union of two events.

Let’s Try
Directions: Read and analyze each item. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided
before each number.

1. How do you determine the probability of a union of two events?

A. By getting the difference between the number of outcomes of the union of two events and the
number of outcomes in the sample space.
B. By getting the ratio of the number of outcomes of the union of two events and the number of
outcomes in the sample space.
C. By getting the product of the number of outcomes of the union of two events and the
number of outcomes in the sample space.
D. By getting the sum of number of outcomes of the union of two events and the number
of outcomes in the sample space.

2. How do we write the “probability of the union of two events A and B ?

number of ways the union of events 𝐀 and 𝐁 can occur
A. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐵) = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
number of ways the intersection of events 𝐀 and 𝐁 can occur
B. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐵) = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
number of ways the complements of events 𝐀 and 𝐁 can occur
C. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐵) = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
number of ways the difference of events 𝐀 and 𝐁 can occur
D. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐵) =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

3. What do you call the set that contains all of the elements that are in at least one of the two
events?
A. Intersection of events C. Union of events
B. Complement of events D. Complement of events
From number 4 to 6, kindly refer to this word problem.

A card is drawn in a deck of 54 cards (including the 2 joker cards). If a card is randomly drawn,
what is the probability of drawing
15 14 27
4. a joker or a black card? A. 21 B. C. D.
27 27 52

5. a diamond or a number card? A. 25 20 13 27

B. C. D.
27 27 27 54

6. a red or a 9? A. 29 27 29 27
B. C. D.
52 52 54 54

1
From number 7 to 10, kindly refer to this word problem.

In a P.E. class of 40 students, 20 are girls. Half of the girls wear a pink shirt and the other half
wear a green shirt. On the other hand, the 15 boys wear a blue shirt, while the rest of the boys wear a
green shirt. If student is chosen at random, what is the probability that he or she is

7. a girl ? A. 3 B. 1 C. 1 D. 5
8 4 2 16

8. wearing a pink shirt? A. 43 B. 1 C. 1 D. 3

4 2 8

9. a boy or wearing a green shirt? A. 3 B. 5 C. 3 D. 1

4 8 8 2

10. a girl or wearing a blue shirt? A. 7

B. 7 C. 1 D. 1
16 8 4 2

Let’s Explore and Discover

John and Anthony are playing a “Guess-the-Card Game”. John draws a

Unlocking of card from a standard deck. Find the probability of drawing a diamond or a 6.
Difficulties

• Events is a set of
possible outcomes
resulting from a
particular
experiment.

• Union of Events is a
set that contains all
of the elements
that are t
in at leas the
one of
two e vents.

Questions:
a. What is the probability that John would draw a diamond card?

b. How about the probability that John would draw a 6?

How does the the probability of a union of two events facilitate in finding solutions to real-life
problems?

To answer these questions, you should read and understand this topic. Are you ready? Let us begin.

2
Probability of a Union of Two Events

Recalling your lesson in Mathematics during your Grade 8 activities such as; rolling a die, tossing a coin, or
randomly choosing a ball, from a box which could be repeated over and over again and which have well-
defined results are called experiments. The results of an experiment are called outcomes. The set of all
outcomes in an experiment is called a sample space. An event is a subset of the sample space.

Probability of Simple Events: If each of the outcomes in a sample space is equally likely to occur, then the
probability of an event E, denoted as P(E) is given by

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟

𝑃(𝐸) =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
or
𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒

With your previous lessons, the probability of the union of two events, say A and B, is equal to the ratio of
number of ways the union of events A and B can occur and number of possible outcomes.

The probability of the union of two events, say A and B, can also be determined by getting the ratio between
the number of outcomes of the union of events A and B and the number of outcomes in the sample space. In
symbol

number of ways the union of events 𝐀 and 𝐁 can occur

𝑃(𝐴 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐵) =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
or
number of outcomes of the union of events 𝑨 and 𝑩
𝑃(𝐴 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐵) =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒

Example 1: A die is rolled. What is the probability of getting a 2 or an even number?

Solution:
A die contains numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. (number of
sample space or possible outcomes)
Let A = event of getting a 2
B = event of getting an even number

By Listing method:
A={ 2 } B={2, 4, 6)

Since, the number of outcomes in the sample space is 6 and the

number of the union of events A and B is 3 since (A union B) = {2, 4,
6}

Thus,
number of outcomes of the union of events 𝑨 and 𝑩 3 1
𝑃(𝐴 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐵) = = =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 6 2

Therefore, when a die is rolled, the probability of getting a 2 or an even number is 𝟏 .

𝟐

3
Example 2: A card is drawn at random from a deck of 52 cards. What is the probability of drawing a spade or
an ace?

Solution:
A deck of 52 cards contains an equal number of hearts, diamonds,
clubs and spades which are called suits. Every suit contains a number
from 2 to 10; 3 face cards namely King, Queen, Jack and an Ace.

Let A = event of drawing a spade

B = event of drawing an ace

By Listing method:
(A union B) = {Ace of Spade, 2 of Spade, 3 of Spade, 4 of Spade, 5 of Spade, 6 of Spade, 7 of Spade, 8 of
Spade, 9 of Spade, 10 of Spade, Jack of Spade,
Queen of Spade, King of Spade, Ace of Diamond, Ace of Clubs, and Ace of
Heart}

Since, the number of outcomes of the union of A and B is 16 and the of possible outcomes is 52.

Thus,
number of outcomes of the union of events 𝑨 and 𝑩 16 4
𝑃(𝐴 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐵) = = =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 52 13

Therefore, in drawing a deck of 52 cards, the probability of drawing a spade or an ace is 𝟒 .

𝟏𝟑

(Source: Melvin M. Callanta et al., Mathematics 10: Learner’s Module,

Pasig City: DepEd-IMCS, 2015, 333 - 335.)

Let’s Practice

ACTIVITY 1 Di rections: Solve the given problem involving the probability of union of two
a events. Write your answer on the space provided.

A bowl contains 15 chips numbered 1 to 15. If a chip is drawn randomly from the bowl, what is the
probability that the chips drawn is less than 6 or more than 13?

Solution:
Let A = event of drawing less than 6 and B = event of drawing more than 13

By Listing method:
A union B={ , , , , , , }
Since, the number of outcomes of the union of A and B is and the of
possible outcomes is .
Thus,
number of outcomes of the union of events 𝑨 and 𝑩
𝑃(𝐴 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐵) = =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒
Therefore, probability that the chips drawn less than 6 or more than 13 is .

4
 ACTIVITY 2 Directions: Solve the given problem involving the probability of a union of two
events. Write your answer on the space provided.

A box contains 15 balls (5 black balls, 5 grey balls and 5 white balls). Each set of colored balls is
numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. If you randomly picked a ball, what is the probability of getting a 3 or a black
ball?

Solution:
Let A = event of getting a ball numbered 3 B =
1 5 2 3 event of getting a ball collored black
Number of outcomes of the union of events A and B Answer:
4 2 2 3
Number of outcomes in the sample space
1 3 5 Answer:
4
Probability of getting a 3 or a black ball Answer:
1 4 5

How do you determine the probability of a union of two events?

Let’s Do More

ACTIVITY 1 Directions: Answer the following situations. Write your answers in the space
provided before each numbers.

1) A spinner with 6 equally likely outcomes is spinned. The possible outcomes are a, b, c, d,
e, and f. What is the probability of getting a letter b or d?

2) A die is rolled. What is the probability of getting a less than 2 or an odd number?

3) A card is drawn randomly from a deck of 52 cards. What is the probability of drawing a club
or a red?

4) In rolling a die, what is the probability of greater than 3 or less than 5?

5) A card from a standard deck is drawn, what is the probability of drawing a face card or a
number card?

5
 ACTIVITY 2 Directions: Match column A with column B. Write only the letter that
corresponds to your answer before each number.

A card is drawn from a deck of 52 cards, what is the probability in drawing

Column A Column B

1.) a diamond or a 2? 11
a. 26
2.) a red or a king? b. 9
13
3.) a number or a heart? 4
c.
13
4.) a black or a face card? 8
d.
13
5.) a club or an face card? 10
e.
13
f. 7
13

How do you solve the probability of a union of two events?

Let’s Sum It Up

DIRECTIONS Define the probability of the union of two events by completing the
following statements. You may choose your answer from the given choices
inside the box.

union two events ratio number possible outcomes

The probability of the of , say A and B, is equal to the

o o ys the un on o even A and B can occu and nu be o

6
 Let’s Assess

Directions: Read and analyze each item. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided
before each number.

1. What do you call the set that contains all of the elements that are in at least one of the two
events?
A. Union of two events C. Complement of events
B. Intersection of two events D. Universal events

2. How do you determine the probability of a union of two events?

A. By getting the ratio between the number of outcomes of the union of two events and the
number of outcomes in the sample space.
B. By getting the sum of the number of outcomes of the union of two events and the number of
outcomes in the sample space.
C. By getting the product of the number of outcomes of the union of two events and the
number of outcomes in the sample space.
D. By getting the difference of number of outcomes of the union of two events and the number of
outcomes in the sample space.

3. How do we write the “probability of the union of two events A and B ?

number of ways the intersection of events 𝐀 and 𝐁 can occur
A. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐵) = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
number of ways the union of events 𝐀 and 𝐁 can occur
B. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐵) = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
number of ways the difference of events 𝐀 and 𝐁 can occur
C. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐵) =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
number of ways the complements of events 𝐀 and 𝐁 can occur
D. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐵) =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

From number 4 to 6, kindly refer to this word problem.

In a P.E. class of 40 students, 20 are girls. Half of the girls wear a pink shirt and the other half
wear a green shirt. On the other hand, the 15 boys wear a blue shirt, while the rest of the boys wear a
green shirt. If student is chosen at random, what is the probability that he or she is

4. a boy ? A. 5 B. 1 C. 3 D. 1
16 2 8 4

5. wearing a green shirt? A. 21 B. 1 C. 3 D. 3

4 8 4

6. a boy or wearing a green shirt? A. 3 B. 1 C. 5 D. 1

4 8 8 2

From number 7 to 10, kindly refer to this word problem.

A card is drawn in a deck of 54 cards (including the 2 joker cards). If a card is randomly drawn,
what is the probability of drawing
27 14
7. a joker or a red card? A. 1527 B. 1 C. D.
2 52 27

8. a heart or a number card? A. 20 25 27 13

B. C. D.
27 27 54 27

9. a black or a 10? A. 27 29 27 29
B. C. D.
54 54 52 52

B. 5 C. 8 D. 1
10. an ace or a spade? A. 2527 27 27 4