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Simple Pendulum Mathematical Model

The document presents the mathematical modeling of a simple pendulum, detailing its components and the derivation of its equations of motion. It defines key variables such as angle, angular acceleration, and mass, and establishes the nonlinear equation of motion for the pendulum. For small angles, the model simplifies to represent simple harmonic motion with a specific angular frequency.

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22 views2 pages

Simple Pendulum Mathematical Model

The document presents the mathematical modeling of a simple pendulum, detailing its components and the derivation of its equations of motion. It defines key variables such as angle, angular acceleration, and mass, and establishes the nonlinear equation of motion for the pendulum. For small angles, the model simplifies to represent simple harmonic motion with a specific angular frequency.

Uploaded by

Gec
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Mathematical Modeling of a Simple Pendulum

This document provides the mathematical modeling of a simple pendulum. The simple
pendulum consists of a mass (bob) attached to a massless rod, which swings under the
influence of gravity. The modeling includes the derivation of equations of motion and
variable definitions.

Variables
- θ (Angle of the pendulum from the vertical): radians

- θ̈ (Angular acceleration of the pendulum): rad/s²

- θ̇ (Angular velocity of the pendulum): rad/s

- g (Acceleration due to gravity): m/s²

- L (Length of the pendulum): meters (m)

- m (Mass of the pendulum bob): kg

- t (Time): seconds (s)

- τ (External torque, if applied): N·m

- sinθ (Sine of the pendulum angle): dimensionless

Mathematical Modeling
The simple pendulum consists of a point mass \( m \) suspended from a fixed pivot by a
massless, rigid rod of length \( L \). When displaced from its equilibrium position and
released, it oscillates under the influence of gravity. Air resistance and friction are neglected
in this model.

The torque acting on the pendulum due to gravity is given by:


τ = -m g L sinθ

Using Newton's second law for rotational motion, we have:


τ = I θ̈
Where \( I \) is the moment of inertia of the pendulum about the pivot point. For a point
mass, \( I = m L² \).

Equating the two expressions for torque:


-m g L sinθ = m L² θ̈
Simplifying gives the nonlinear equation of motion:
θ̈ + (g/L) sinθ = 0

For small angles (\( θ ≈ sinθ \)), the equation linearizes to:
θ̈ + (g/L) θ = 0
This represents simple harmonic motion with angular frequency:
ω = sqrt(g/L)

di k x
V =Ri + L +
dt x 2

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