¹ Scanned Images – Photos transferred from printed photos or graphics

using scanning devices.

Open Formats – Free file formats available for public use, not covered by
copyrights or patents.

File Name Extensions – Suffixes added to the end of a file name to indicate
its format (e.g., .jpg, .png).

PNG (Portable Network Graphics) – Raster file format supporting

transparency and lossless compression.

Lossy File Format – Compressed file format that approximates the original,
requiring less memory but sacrificing some quality.

Stock Photo Library – Collections of photographs and created images sold

on CDs or DVDs, often royalty-free.

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) – File type often used for animations,
not classified as raster or vector.

Personal and Professional Photos – Images taken by amateur or

professional photographers and stored on a computer.

File Format – A way of encoding and storing digital information in a

specific structure.

Uncompressed or Raw Format – File format for storing original data in its
purest form, requiring large memory space.

Printed Photos – Photos that are scanned and converted into digital
graphics.

Pixel (Picture + Element) – The term for combining “picture” and

“element” to describe the smallest unit of an image.

Pixel – The smallest unit of an image, represented as dots or squares that

combine to form a picture.

Lossless File Format – Ideal format for storing important files like images,
audio, or video without quality loss.

Lossless File Format – Compressed file format that maintains the original
quality while reducing file size.

Online Stock Photos – The most dominant source of photos, requiring

copyright permissions or fees.

Online Stock Photos – Stock photos found on the internet; may require
copyright permissions or fees.
Proprietary Formats – File formats owned and controlled by individuals or
corporations, often copyrighted.

Proprietary Formats – Formats used by specific software, often closed-

source and covered by copyright.

SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) – Vector format widely used for scalable
images like logos and illustrations.

SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) – Open-source vector file format allowing

for infinite scalability.

Raster Image Files – Common file type encountered online, typically lossy.

Raster Image Files – Image files made up of pixels, commonly found on

the internet; often lossy.

Raster Image Files – Bitmap images that represent visual data using bits
and pixels.

JPEG – A popular raster file format for photographs; usually lossy.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) – A lossy compression format

ideal for online image sharing due to its small size.

Vector Image Files – The type of file format necessary to maintain the
highest print quality.

Vector Image Files – Preferred for quality prints and high-resolution digital
displays.

Vector Image Files – Retain image quality regardless of resizing, ideal for
logos and high-quality prints.

Vector Image Files – Images that can scale infinitely without losing quality,
preferred for professional use.

²Flow of Text – Ensures that text is easy to read and follows a logical flow.

Emphasis – Highlights one element to make it the focal point, using size,
color, or background.

Proximity and Harmony – Ensures related elements are placed close

together but not cluttered.

Asymmetrical – Creates an uneven balance with artistic variation for visual

interest.

Proportionate Images – Refers to images that are sharp, high resolution,

and maintain proper proportions.
Symmetrical – Achieves balance by ensuring equal weight on both sides of
the layout.

Legibility – Ensures text is easy to read through appropriate font face and
size.

Justified – Text alignment where lines are spaced evenly along both
margins.

Consistency – Ensures a uniform theme, style, and design across all

pages.

Proximity – Groups related elements together for unity while avoiding

visual clutter.

Color and Shape – Uses contrasting hues and shapes to create variety and
visual interest.

Layout – The process of arranging graphics and text on a page.

High Resolution – Describes images that are sharp and clear in detail.

Alignment – Organizes text and elements neatly, either left, right,

centered, or justified.

Balanced Make-Up – A principle ensuring the overall design is visually

pleasing and proportional.

Harmony – Ensures elements do not visually compete but work together

cohesively.

Left Justified – Aligns text along the left margin for a clean, organized look.

Proximity and Harmony – Refers to scattering elements logically to avoid

competition.

Consistency – Maintains the same styles, fonts, and colors throughout the
project.

Emphasis – Draws attention to a specific element using different colors,

shapes, or sizes.

Symmetrical – Balances visual weight evenly across the layout for

stability.

Legibility – Ensures that typefaces are readable and suitable for the
design.

Asymmetrical – Incorporates uneven elements for artistic or dramatic

effect.
Proportionate Images – Ensures images fit appropriately and maintain
quality.

Harmony – Avoids clashing elements by aligning design components

aesthetically.

Left Justified – Text is aligned to the left for natural readability.

Color and Shape – Creates interest by contrasting tones or using distinct

shapes.

Alignment – Refers to the neat organization of elements across the page.

Flow of Text – The logical arrangement of text for easy comprehension.

Layout – The foundation of design, involving the arrangement of elements

on a page.

24 bits pixels contain 16.77 million true colors meanwhile 8 bits has 256.

BMP : Bitmap Image File

PNG : Portable Network Graphic

PSD : Photoshop Document

GIF : Graphic Interchange Format File

Basic Techniques of Image Manipulation

- Resizing
- Color Adjustment
- Brightness & Contrast
- Cropping
- Balance
- Combined Photos
- Added effects
1. Background Color – you can change background if it doesn’t match
2. Multiple Images – you can combine multiple images (Collage)
3. Shadow – will make the images realistic
4. Proportion – resize the image
5. Blending Color – you can use color blending to match the
background
6. Emphasis – focal point attract viewers

Possible Questions that we did not tackle

- Which of the following ICT for social change helped bring comfort to
families looking for their loved ones during calamities? = People
Finder
- Which is the best way to give a petition to an advocacy? =
Situational
- Who’s former president of the Philippines was protested to be
removed as a president during People Power Revolution? =
Ferdinand Marcos Sr.